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Objectives To systematically present and interpret the current literature on research and treatment perspectives for mandibular osteoradionecrosis (mORN) in the field of biomaterials. Material and methods A systematic review of the literature using the “Synthesis without meta-analysis” (SWiM) methodology was performed on PubMed, Embase and Cochrane, focusing on the implantation of synthetic biomaterials for bone reconstruction in mORN in humans and/or animal models. The primary endpoints were the composition, efficacy on mORN and tolerance of the implanted synthetic biomaterials. Results Forty-seven references were obtained and evaluated in full-text by two assessors. Ten (8 in humans and 2 in animal models) met the eligibility criteria and were included for analysis. Materials most often comprised support plates or metal mesh (5 of 10 cases) in combination with grafts or synthetic materials (phosphocalcic ceramics, glutaraldehyde). Other ceramic/polymer composites were also implanted. In half of the selected reports, active compounds (molecules, growth factors, lysates) and/or cells were associated with the reconstruction material. The number of articles referring to implantation of biomaterials for the treatment of mORN was small, and the properties of the implanted biomaterials were generally poorly described, thus limiting a thorough understanding of their role. Conclusion In preventing the morbidity associated with some reconstructive surgeries, basic research has benefitted from recent advances in tissue engineering and biomaterials to repair limited bone loss.

Metal mesh films have been shown to be a promising strategy to effectively mitigate the growing issue of electromagnetic interference (EMI) in optoelectronic systems. To achieve superior shielding effectiveness, it is common to increase the thickness of the mesh film. However, mesh-based shielding materials have frequency-dependent shielding effectiveness that decreases as the frequency increases. Simply increasing the thickness of the mesh cannot effectively enhance the EMI shielding effectiveness at high frequencies. This will further lead to challenges such as increased processing difficulties and higher costs. In this paper, we present an infrared transparent electromagnetic shielding window based on metal mesh with irregular patterns and proper thickness. The mesh coating is fabricated on a sapphire substrate using ultraviolet photolithography technology and exhibits an efficient electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of more than 20 dB over the wide frequency range of 1.7–18 GHz while maintaining high infrared optical transparency. More importantly, there is no distinct variation in shielding effectiveness between low and high frequency ranges, demonstrating a balanced shielding characteristic across a broad frequency band. This work could be crucial in designing cost-effective and efficient EMI shielding windows for optoelectronic systems.

Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is a major threat to the structural integrity of insulated pipes and vessels. Pulsed eddy-current testing (PECT) is well known in the industry for detecting CUI, but its readings can be easily influenced by nearby conductive objects, including the insulation supporting metal mesh. As a sequel to our previous study, this paper focuses on the surface distribution of eddy currents at the time of the turning off of the driving voltage instead of examining the overall process of eddy current diffusion. Based on the fact that CUI takes place on the outside of the insulated specimen, the probe footprint was calculated only on the specimen surface. The corrosion depth was regarded as an increment to the probe lift-off, whose information was carried in the early PECT signal. Finite element simulations were performed to facilitate the calculation of the probe footprint and predict the signal behavior. The peak value, which appeared in the early phase of the differential PECT signal, was found to be well correlated with the corrosion depth. Further studies revealed that the mild steel mesh could result in the enlargement of the probe footprint and a decrease in the change rate of the peak value in relation to the corrosion depth. Finally, experiments were conducted to verify the simulation results. The presented findings are consistent with the previously reported results and provide a potential alternative to evaluate CUI in specific scenarios where the insulation has a fixed and uniform thickness.

Urbanističko rješenje predviđa 3 poslovne zgrade i hotel radijalno postavljene oko trga, visinom i položajem prilagođene smjeru kretanja sunca. Zgrada je na južnoj strani obuhvata kao 1. u nizu i sukladno urbanističkom konceptu je najniža, a volumen zgrade se širi horizontalno i vertikalno prema rubu obuhvata. Monolitnost volumena zgrade razbijena je s 3 diskontinuiteta. Javni sadržaji prizemlja zgrade (galerija, caffe bar/kantina) odražavaju se u formi oblikovanja prizemlja, kroz otvoreni tlocrt, s pomičnim staklenim stijenama na pročelju. Pročelja čine 3 suprotstavljena materijala: goli beton, staklo i metalna mreža., The urban solution envisages 3 business buildings and a hotel radially placed around the square, height and position adjusted to the direction of the sun's movement. The building is on the south side of the scope as the 1st in a row and according to the urban concept is the lowest, and the volume of the building expands horizontally and vertically towards the edge of the scope. The monolithic volume of the building is broken with 3 discontinuities. The public facilities of the ground floor of the building (gallery, cafe bar / canteen) are reflected in the form of the ground floor design, through an open floor plan, with movable glass walls at the front. The facades are made of 3 opposing materials: bare concrete, glass and metal mesh.

Solar radiation reaching the surface of the earth for a period of one hour contains more energy than that consumed by mankind over an entire year. Some of this solar energy is already collected by photovoltaic cells to cover the electricity needs of buildings but the most dominant part of the total energy consumption is space heating. This thesis explores ways of efficiently using solar radiation that penetrates buildings' windows to intelligently manage indoor temperatures and reduce the need for indoor heating. Energy-efficient windows are already being used to increase the thermal insulation of a façade. Such insulating windows contain an ultra-thin, multilayered, transparent silver coating that acts as an infrared mirror which significantly reduces thermal losses that occur through radiation from inside the building. These so-called low-emissivity coatings revolutionized the field of building insulation since the early '80s, but also come with some drawbacks, such as (i) decreased solar heat gain coefficient which reduces the potential for energy savings during winter; (ii) lack of adjustability in reflectivity/heat retention during different seasons; and (iii) the metallic nature of the coating negatively affects signal transmission of modern telecommunication. The purpose of this work is to explore what properties can be achieved by laterally structuring a coating or multilayer and investigate how these novel properties can be exploited in various applications for window glazing in buildings. It is shown that, by structuring the coating into a patch array, it acts as a high-pass filter and makes a window more transparent to microwaves. In contrast, a wire mesh behaves as a low-pass filter, creating a glazing that selectively lets in solar radiation. Finally, the ability of modulating the transparency of window glazing according to seasonal variations in solar radiation is demonstrated using large-band electrochromic windows that can adapt the color of the glass depending on the situation. These technologies are expected to contribute to the development of optimized electrochromic window that modulates solar heat gains and daylight inside buildings, enabling also to reduce indoor space heating energy needs.

Requirements for improving the reliability, service life, and increasing a specific pulse of liquid-propellant rocket engines justify a need for transfer to new designs and manufacturing technologies of regenerative engine cooling system. The paper describes a advanced diffusion-vacuum technology of manufacturing a regenerative cooling circuit for liquid-propellant rocket engine based on the concept of inter-channel coolant transpiration through a porous metal mesh material. The method of diffusion welding of metal wire mesh in vacuum makes it possible to obtain large axisymmetric blanks of metal mesh materials necessary to manufacture the regenerative cooling path of the liquid-propellant rocket engine and recuperative heat exchanger (RHE). The possibility of developing a high-efficient low-gradient porous heat exchange path obtained using a metal mesh material (MMM) has been experimentally confirmed. It is recommended to use metal woven cloth and twill filter screens of standard size П24–П60, С120 as a basic material for manufacturing MMM. Key words: diffusion-vacuum technology, porous mesh material, regenerative cooling system, inter-channel coolant transpiration.

Glass laminate aluminum reinforced epoxy (GLARE) mixes an extremely thin ply of aluminum wire mesh layers with epoxy strengthened with fibers to create a hybrid composite laminates. During this investigation, plain E-glass fiber/epoxy specimens in addition to specimens with epoxy laminates reinforced with both E-glass/fiber, and wire meshes of aluminum were created. Meshes made of aluminum wire were used to increase the toughness of the E-glass fiber/epoxy combination. Tensile, bending, and hardness tests were performed to see how inserting Al wire meshes through thickness of the specimen in place of glass fiber layers affected the material mechanical characteristics. According to the outcomes from results, an influence on strength, toughness, and ductility of laminates due to using Al wire mesh instead of glass fiber. The characteristics of the generated hybrid laminates were greatly influenced by the varying position and the orienting direction of the aluminum wire mesh ply. Inclusion of Al wire mesh in the outer layers significantly made deterioration in material tensile strength and bending strength. The tensile strain also bending strain, on the other hand, were improved by 16.95 percent and 117 percent, respectively.

A microparticle counter based on a metal mesh device was developed. The metal mesh device had a lattice-shaped structure with well-regulated holes of 1.8 μm. The collection percentages of differently sized microparticles using the metal mesh device were determined by flow cytometry. The cut-off point and hole size of the metal mesh device were identical. Polystyrene microparticles were detected from changes in the spectroscopic properties of the metal mesh device. When microparticles were trapped on the holes of the metal mesh device, the transmittance in the infrared spectra decreased. Microparticles smaller than the holes were not detected by the metal mesh device, whereas 2 and 3 μm microparticles were detected. Polystyrene and silica microparticles could be counted using the metal mesh device via calibration curves between the concentration of microparticles and the change level in the transmittance of the metal mesh device. The separation of microparticles from a mixture suspension using the metal mesh device was evaluated. Unlike a microfiber filter, only 2 μm microparticles were collected from coexisting 1 μm microparticles by the metal mesh device. Owing to its high separation ability, the metal mesh device selectively detected 2 μm microparticles in coexisting 10-equivalence 1 μm microparticles.

The dimensioning of wireless power transfer systems requires compliance with safety standards for human exposure and electromagnetic compatibility. For this reason, shielding is conventionally carried out with heavy and costly plates. In order to evaluate a lightweight and low-cost alternative, this paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the shielding effectiveness of metal meshes in magnetic fields of wireless power transfer systems, including analytical modeling and experimental validation. Special emphasis is laid on the validation of novel analytical approximation approaches to model the anisotropic electrical conductivity of metal meshes. The proposed approaches show good consistency of the mean value taking into account warp and weft direction, whereas the modeling of the anisotropic behavior is not sufficiently accurately represented. Using the calculated electrical conductivity, the analytical modeling of the maximum shielding effectiveness based on a literature-known approach is very consistent for the experimental validation. Thus, the performed studies provide a significant contribution to the dimensioning of metal meshes as shielding for wireless power transfer systems.

Recently, semiconductor wastewater treatment has received much attention due to the emergence of environmental issues. Acid-resistant coatings are essential for metal prefilters used in semiconductor wastewater treatment. Perfluoroalkoxy alkane is mainly used as an acid-resistant coating agent, since PFA has inherent superhydrophobicity, water permeability is lowered. To solve this problem, the surface of the PFA-coated metal mesh was treated via an oxyfluorination method in which an injected mixed gas of fluorine and oxygen reacted with the surface functional groups. Surface analysis, water contact angle measurement, and water permeability tests were performed on the surface-treated PFA-coated mesh. Consequently, the superhydrophobic surface was effectively converted to a hydrophobic surface as the PFA coating layer was surface-modified with C-O-OH functional groups via the oxyfluorination reaction. As a result of using simulation solutions that float silica particles of various sizes, the permeability and particle removal rate of the surface-modified PFA-coated stainless-steel mesh were improved compared to those before surface modification. Therefore, the oxyfluorination treatment used in this study was suitable for improving the filtration performance of SiO2 microparticles in the PFA-coated stainless-steel mesh.

Background This study compared the re-revision rate and radiographic outcomes of revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) using a Kerboull-type acetabular reinforcement device (KT plate) with bulk structural allograft and metal mesh with impaction bone grafting (IBG). Methods Ninety-one hips of 81 patients underwent revision THA for American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) classification type III defects from 2008 to 2018. Of these, seven hips of five patients and 15 hips of 13 patients were excluded due to insufficient follow-up information ( Results Eleven hips (24.4%) in the KT group and 1 hip (4.2%) in the mesh group exhibited radiological failure. Moreover, 8 hips in the KT group (17.0%) required a re-revision THA, while none of the patients in the mesh group required a re-revision. The survival rate with radiographic failure as the endpoint in the mesh group was significantly higher than that in the KT group (100% vs 86.7% at 1-year and 95.8% vs 80.0% at 5-years, respectively; p = 0.032). On multivariable analysis evaluating factors associated with radiographic failure, there were no significant associations with any radiographic measurement. Of the 11 hips with radiographic failure, 1 (11.1%), 3 (12.5%), and 7 (58.3%) hips were of Kawanabe classification stages 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that revision THA using KT plates with bulk structure allografts could provide poorer clinical outcomes than revision THA using a metal mesh with IBG. Although revision THA using KT plates with bulk structural allografts could set the true hip center, there is no association between a high hip center and clinical outcomes. The relationship between the position of the KT plate and the host bone might be considered more carefully.

One of the major issue faced by the construction industry is the degradation of structures due to different loads acting on the structure. So retrofitting and rehabilitation has become quite inevitable and it can help in regaining the original strength of the structure. Use of ferrocement is an effective method and it is used in developed countries as it is considerably cheap and materials of construction are easily available. Ferrocement is a system of construction using reinforced mortar or plaster applied over an armature of metal mesh, woven expanded-metal or metal-fibers and closely spaced thin steel rods such as rebar. The skill required is of low level and it has superior strength properties as compared to conventional reinforced concrete. The main drawback of ferrocement is corrosion. Thus to avoid corrosion stainless steel jacketing is employed for rehabilitation within the study that opens the scope for a new jacketing methodology.

In this study, warp-knitted metal mesh fabric was used as the research object, and its mechanical loading behavior under uniaxial and biaxial stress loading states was studied. The relationship and connection between the effective elastic modulus of its anisotropic structure was studied with different loading angles of stress as variables. The results showed that there were differences in the mechanical properties and effective elastic modulus under these loading angles, and there was a linear relationship between the effective elastic modulus of the metal mesh with the same warp-knitted structure under different directions of stress, which will provide a theoretical basis for broadening its application in the field of anchor spray support, flexible wearable electronic devices, satellite antennas, water filter walls and other applications.

The hot-pressing process of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is one of the research hotspots in the field of the fuel cell. To obtain suitable titanium mesh-based MEA hot pressing process parameters, titanium mesh was used as electrode substrate material. The anode and cathode of MEA were prepared by the drip-coated method, and the titanium mesh-based MEA was prepared under different hot-pressing pressure and temperature, respectively. The performance of titanium mesh-based MEA was studied by morphological observation, elemental analysis, thickness measurement, single cell test and numerical fitting analysis. The results demonstrated that: with increasing hot-pressing pressure from 0 MPa to 10 MPa, the forming thickness of titanium mesh-based MEA is getting thin gradually, and the peak power density of titanium mesh-based MEA first increased and then gradually decreased; with increasing hot-pressing temperature from 115 °C to 155 °C, the peak power density of titanium mesh-based MEA enhanced at the beginning and then also gradually decreased. Under the premise of a hot-pressing time of 180 s and the optimal operating temperature of DMFC of 60 °C, the appropriate hot-pressing process conditions of titanium mesh-based MEA are a hot-pressing pressure of 5 MPa and a hot-pressing temperature of 135 °C. The results can provide a technological reference for the preparation of titanium mesh MEA for DMFC.

The double-layer blanket (DLB) reverse offset is a newly designed printing process for patterning electronic circuits on a 3D curved surface. Unlike the existing reverse offset process, the DLB reverse offset utilizes an offset roll composed of two layers comprising polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and a thick, soft cushioned rubber to print microelectrode patterns and transparent electrodes on a curved surface. The optimal printing process was determined by adjusting the printing pressure and printing speed for horizontal and vertical micropatterns, based on which transparent electrodes with metal mesh and honeycomb structures with a line width of 30 μm and pitch of 600 μm with micropatterns ranging from 30 μm to 60 μm were printed on a curved surface. Ag ink was used, and the 3D curved surface indicated a print quality similar to that of the flat surface for both the vertical and horizontal patterns and transparent electrodes. The DLB reverse offset technique demonstrated the possibility of printing on a 3D curved surface and is expected to broaden the range of printed electronics to applications such as smart glasses and 3D shape sensors.

The increasing discharge of oily wastewater and frequent oil spill accidents pose a great threat to our environment and cause a great waste of valuable resources. However, most existing methods to ...

Carbon / epoxy composites are widely used in aviation due to their high strength, fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance. Aiming at the damage of carbon / epoxy composites during aircraft lightning strikes, a three-dimensional finite element model of carbon / epoxy composite laminates protected by copper mesh and aluminum mesh was established, and the lightning ablative element of composite structure was treated by element deletion method. The lightning protection effect of copper mesh and aluminum mesh was verified under different current peaks and different grid spacing, and the relationship between the weight change of the metal mesh and the lightning protection effect was studied. The test results show that the ablation area and damage depth of the composite laminate with metal mesh protection are significantly reduced. The denser the grid spacing is, the better the lightning protection effect is. The copper mesh composite laminate has better protection effect than the aluminum mesh. With the weight of the metal mesh increases, the degree of lightning damage to the composite laminate decreases.

Flexible transparent conductive films are indispensable for nowadays wearable electronic devices with various applications. However, existing solutions such as ITO and metal mesh were limited by their poor intrinsic stretching ability. In this work, we designed and fabricated silver nanowires (AgNWs) on graphene hybrid films for enhanced mechanical and electrical performance. In situ TEM characterizations show that, beside conductive paths, silver nanowire network, can also contribute to the toughening mechanisms of the hybrid films. Furthermore, bending and electrical tests were applied to examine the corresponding flexible electronics’ performance. Finally, we showed that the fabrication of our AgNW/graphene hybrid films could be scaled up for large film applications and extended to other 1D/2D hybrid systems.

In this paper, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness results of the plain weave composite fabric and the analytical solution of metal mesh were investigated. The composite fabric made of cotton yarns twisted with 50 mu m copper filaments was used in the experiment. As the fabric was weaved and stretched, it had square shaped apertures which had length of 1.2 mm. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of these fabrics was measured in the frequency range of 1.7-2.6 GHz via WR430 waveguide system. In order to model the shielding results of the aforementioned fabric, an analytical solution which facilitates to calculate shielding effectiveness of metal mesh, was taken into consideration. Due to the physical similarity between the fabric geometry and metal mesh structure, the values of fabric characteristics were substituted in analytical solution. A statistical approach showed that the measured SE results of plain weave composite fabric fitted in the analytical solution for metal mesh in 1.82-2.6 GHz frequency range with strength of 30-36 dB. Thus, depending on desired shielding efficiency the physical texture of shielding fabric can be determined analytically.

Malignant ureteral obstruction is an unfortunate finding that can be caused by a wide-ranging number of malignancies with a prognosis of limited survival. Given its presentation and progression, it can be refractory to treatment by traditional single polymeric ureteral stents. With a higher failure rate than causes of benign ureteral obstruction, a number of other options are available for initial management, as well as in cases of first-line therapy failure, including tandem stents, metallic stents, percutaneous nephrostomies and extra-anatomic stents. We reviewed the literature and carried out a PubMed search including the following keywords and phrases: "malignant ureteral obstruction," "tandem ureteral stents," "metallic ureteral stents," "resonance stent," "metal mesh ureteral stents" and "extra-anatomic stents." The vast majority of studies were small and retrospective, with a large number of studies related to metallic stents. Given the heterogenous patient population and diversity of practice, it is difficult to truly assess the efficacy of each method. As there are no guidelines or major head-to-head prospective trials involving these techniques, it makes practicing up to the specific provider. However, this article attempts to provide a framework with which the urologist who is presented with malignant ureteral obstruction can plan in order to provide the individualized care on a case-by-case basis. What is clear is that prospective, randomized clinical trials are necessary to help bring evidence-based medicine and guidelines for patients with malignant ureteral obstruction.

The interaction of rising gas bubbles with submerged air-repelling or air-attracting surfaces is relevant to various technological applications that rely on gas-microvolume handling or removal. This work demonstrates how submerged metal meshes with super air-attracting/repelling properties can be employed to manipulate microvolumes of air, rising buoyantly in the form of bubbles in water. Superaerophobic meshes are observed to selectively allow the passage of air bubbles depending on the mesh pore size, the bubble volume-equivalent diameter, and the bubble impact velocity on the mesh. On the other hand, superaerophilic meshes reduce or amplify the volume captured from a train of incoming bubbles. Finally, a spatial wettability pattern on the mesh is used to control the size of the outgoing bubble, and an empirical relation is formulated to predict the released gas volume. The study demonstrates how porous materials with controlled wettability can be used to precisely modulate and control the outcome of bubble/mesh interactions.

High collision velocities and mass restrictions impose serious requirements on the design of anti-meteoroid spacecraft protection. In this study, the high efficiency of corrugated mesh anti-meteoroid shields in comparison with conventional metal mesh shields is confirmed based on the results of numerical modeling.

This study provides information on the transfer efficiency of four-plate-structured copper plate and metal mesh sheet couplers, the cause of null-power point. The couplers are compared based on the equivalent circuit model analysis, experimental results of fabricated couplers, and simulation results of the High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) tool. It was confirmed that the metal mesh material exhibits the same performance as the existing copper plate and can be fully used as a coupler material for the electrical resonance wireless power transfer system. In addition, the null-power point phenomenon is only determined by the main coupling and cross coupling between the transmitter and receiver, which are most dominantly affected by the coupler structure.

This paper proposes a dual-band transparent antenna using frame-structured metal mesh conductive film (MMCF). The frame-structured metal mesh conductive film is based on the conductive-coated thin film and forms a narrow strip surrounding the edge of the antenna. The frame-structured metal mesh conductive film can resist considerable current leakage on the edge of the conductive strip to improve the antenna’s efficiency by 51% at 2.1 GHz and 53% at 3.6 GHz. As a result, the transparent dual-band antenna has an operating bandwidth of 1.9–2.4 GHz and 3.2–4.1 GHz with a high transparency of 80%, which make it valuable to the applications of biomedical electronic components, wearable devices, and automobile vehicles.

—The aquatic surface microlayer at the interface between the atmosphere and the hydrosphere occupies 70% of the Earth’s surface, covering all water bodies. The surface microlayer is about 50 μm thick. The special microbial community formed here is referred to as neuston. The total bacterial abundance in the surface microlayer (SML) and underlying waters (UW) of Lake Baikal was studied by epifluorescence microscopy. The physicochemical features of the surface microlayer of Lake Baikal have been established for the first time. SML was sampled throughout all of Lake Baikal in May–June of 2013–2016 and in August of 2013, 2015, and 2016. SML samples were taken from a boat with Garret’s metal mesh screen (26.5 cm in diameter) mostly in calm weather. The average values of total bacterial abundance in SML varied from year to year within the range of (0.93–1.49) × 106 cells/mL in May–June and (1.73–2.24) × 106 cells/mL in August; in the UW (at a depth of about 15–20 cm), these values were 0.79–0.89 × 106 cells/mL in May–June and 1.15–1.4 × 106 cells/mL in August. There was a significant difference and direct relationship between the total abundances of neuston and plankton bacteria of Lake Baikal in the summer period. The differences in chemical composition between the surface microlayer and the subsurface water layer were revealed in all the seasons under study. The surface microlayer was enriched in $${\text{PO}}_{4}^{{3 - }}$$, total organic carbon, and suspended particulate matter compared to the underlying water layers. There was a direct relationship between bacterial numbers in the surface microlayer and the concentration of suspended particulate matter.

In order to predict the erosion life and erosion failure time of the metal mesh, based on the rotating erosion experiments under different working conditions, the erosion mass loss of the metal mesh under different factors was measured by the weight loss method and the erosion mathematical prediction model was put forward. The erosion wear mechanism of the single-layer metal mesh was explored by using electron microscope scanner and optical microscope. The results show that the erosion rate increases exponentially with the increase of liquid velocity (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 m/s). When the solid mass fraction (0.3%, 0.5%, 0.8%) and erosion Angle is 15°–45°, the erosion rate is proportional to the solid mass fraction and erosion Angle. After erosion, the mesh samples suffered different degree of pitting corrosion, ploughing and cutting wear, and the mesh wear was local wear. Compared with the experimental value, the error of the erosion mathematical model is less than 20%, which has a certain reliability, and has an important reference significance for guiding the production control of sand oil Wells.

Thickness-controlled transparent conducting films (TCFs) were fabricated by transfer printing a 100 nm thick Cu micromesh structure onto poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) substrates of different thicknesses (~ 50, ~ 80, and ~ 120 μm) to develop a lightweight transparent wearable heater with short response time. The Cu mesh-based TCF fabricated on a ~ 50 µm thick PVA substrate exhibited excellent optical and electrical properties with a light transmittance of 86.7% at 550 nm, sheet resistance of ~ 10.8 Ω/sq, and figure-of-merit of approximately 236, which are comparable to commercial indium tin oxide film-based transparent conductors. The remarkable flexibility of the Cu mesh-based TCF was demonstrated through cyclic mechanical bending tests. In addition, the Cu mesh-based TCF with ~ 50 μm thick PVA substrate demonstrated a fast Joule heating performance with a thermal response time of ~ 18.0 s and a ramping rate of ~ 3.0 ℃/s under a driving voltage of 2.5 V. Lastly, the reliable response and recovery characteristics of the Cu mesh/PVA film-based transparent heater were confirmed through the cyclic power test. We believe that the results of this study is useful in the development of flexible transparent heaters, including lightweight deicing/defogging films, wearable sensors/actuators, and medical thermotherapy pads.

Airway foreign bodies are a medical emergency in children, as airway obstruction results in immediate respiratory distress. Common ingested foreign bodies differ among children from different social backgrounds, and metal foreign bodies, such as pins, coins, and dental appliances, are widely reported. Herein, we present the first case of a broken metal mesh foreign body ingested by an infant. An 11-month-old boy was found to be licking and biting the mesh cover of an electric lint remover. Part of the broken mesh was found in his mouth, but his mother could not remove it. The patient was referred to our hospital that same day. Although flexible laryngoscopy revealed no foreign bodies in the upper airway, computed tomography scan revealed high density foreign bodies in the left oropharynx. Two pieces of metal mesh that were buried in the left tonsillar fossa were removed under general anesthesia. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged the following day. This case suggests that thin metal mesh may be broken by infants with erupting deciduous teeth and become a pharyngeal foreign body.

The necessity of development and improvement of methods and means for the protection of preparatory roadways, in particular, protective structures, was proved on the basis of ordinary rock with binding surfaces. Analysis of the results of the study on the use of protective structures of ordinary rock and bounding surfaces was performed. It has shown the feasibility of reinforcing rock structures to ensure operational conditions for the protected roadways. Such structures include rubble strips reinforced with partitions made of metal mesh. To determine their efficiency and reinforcement parameters, studies were performed using provisions of structural mechanics, soil mechanics, and bulk media, as well as physical modeling using natural materials. According to the results obtained in the performed studies, the efficiency of reinforcement of rubble strips with a metal grid was proved and a procedure for calculation of reinforcement parameters that need to be considered in designing the above structures was developed. Such parameters include width and height of the strip, class of reinforcement, its diameter and tensile strength, size of the grid cells, angle of internal friction of rocks, and diameter of maximum rock pieces in the strip. It was established that reinforcement of the rubble strip by partitions made of metal meshes can reduce the width of the strip and volume of the rock fill by 1.33…2.66 times without losing the structure rigidity. To do this, the condition of reinforcement strength in grids must be met. It consists of comparing its tensile strength with maximum stresses in the partition. These stresses are determined by the magnitude of the load on the rubble strip from the roof rocks, the diameter of the reinforcement, and the maximum rock pieces, as well as relative extensional strain in reinforcement., Доказана необходимость разработки и усовершенствования способов и средств охраны подготовительных выработок, в том числе охранных сооружений на основе рядовой породы с ограничивающими поверхностями. Осуществлен анализ результатов исследований по применению охранных сооружений из рядовой породы и ограничивающих поверхностей, который показал целесообразность армирования породных конструкций для обеспечения эксплуатационного состояния охраняемых подготовительных выработок. К таким конструкциям относятся бутовые полосы, которые армируются перегородками из металлических сеток. Для определения их эффективности и параметров армирования выполнены исследования с использованием положений строительной механики, механики грунтов и сыпучей среды, а также физического моделирования с использованием натурных материалов. По результатам выполненных исследований доказана эффективность армирования бутовых полос металлической сеткой, разработана методика расчета параметров армирования, которые необходимо учитывать при проектировании данных сооружений. К таким параметрам относятся: ширина и высота полосы, класс арматуры, ее диаметр и прочность на растяжение, размер ячеек в сетке, угол внутреннего трения пород и диаметр максимальных кусков в полосе. Установлено, что армированием бутовой полосы перегородками из металлических сеток можно достичь уменьшения ширины полосы и объема породы в 1,33 ... 2,66 раза без потери жесткости сооружения. Для этого должно выполняться условие прочности арматуры в сетках, которое заключается в сравнении ее прочности на растяжение с максимальными напряжениями в перегородке. Эти напряжения определяются величиной нагрузки на бутовую полосу со стороны пород кровли, диаметрами арматуры и максимальных кусков породы, а также относительной деформацией удлинения арматуры, Доведена необхідність розробки та вдосконалення способів та засобів охорони підготовчих виробок, зокрема охоронних споруд на основі рядової породи з обмежуючими поверхнями. Здійснено аналіз результатів досліджень щодо застосування охоронних споруд з рядової породи та обмежуючих поверхонь, який показав доцільність армування породних конструкцій для забезпечення експлуатаційного стану підготовчих виробок, що охороняються. До таких конструкцій відносяться бутові смуги, які армуються перегородками з металевих сіток. Для визначення їх ефективності та параметрів армування виконані дослідження з використанням положень будівельної механіки, механіки ґрунтів та сипкого середовища, а також фізичного моделювання з використанням натурних матеріалів. За результатами виконаних досліджень доведена ефективність армування бутових смуг металевою сіткою, розроблено методику розрахунку параметрів армування, які потрібно враховувати при проектуванні даних споруд. До таких параметрів відносяться: ширина та висота смуги, клас арматури, її діаметр та міцність на розтягнення, розмір чарунок у сітці, кут внутрішнього тертя порід та діаметр максимальних шматків у смузі. Встановлено, що армуванням бутової смуги перегородками з металевих сіток можна досягти зменшення ширини смуги та об’єму породи у 1,33…2,66рази без втрати жорсткості споруди. Для цього має виконуватись умова міцності арматури у сітках, яка полягає у порівнянні її міцності на розтягнення з максимальними напруженнями у перегородці. Ці напруження визначаються величиною навантаження на бутову смугу з боку порід покрівлі, діаметрами арматури та максимальних шматків породи, а також відносною деформацією видовження арматури

The necessity of development and improvement of methods and means for the protection of preparatory roadways, in particular, protective structures, was proved on the basis of ordinary rock with binding surfaces. Analysis of the results of the study on the use of protective structures of ordinary rock and bounding surfaces was performed. It has shown the feasibility of reinforcing rock structures to ensure operational conditions for the protected roadways. Such structures include rubble strips reinforced with partitions made of metal mesh. To determine their efficiency and reinforcement parameters, studies were performed using provisions of structural mechanics, soil mechanics, and bulk media, as well as physical modeling using natural materials. According to the results obtained in the performed studies, the efficiency of reinforcement of rubble strips with a metal grid was proved and a procedure for calculation of reinforcement parameters that need to be considered in designing the above structures was developed. Such parameters include width and height of the strip, class of reinforcement, its diameter and tensile strength, size of the grid cells, angle of internal friction of rocks, and diameter of maximum rock pieces in the strip. It was established that reinforcement of the rubble strip by partitions made of metal meshes can reduce the width of the strip and volume of the rock fill by 1.33…2.66 times without losing the structure rigidity. To do this, the condition of reinforcement strength in grids must be met. It consists of comparing its tensile strength with maximum stresses in the partition. These stresses are determined by the magnitude of the load on the rubble strip from the roof rocks, the diameter of the reinforcement, and the maximum rock pieces, as well as relative extensional strain in reinforcement.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different flooring surfaces and a supplemental heat source (heat lamps) on location preference, behaviour and growth rate of dairy goat kids. Eighty female Saanen kids were enrolled in the study at 3 days of age (SD: 0.9 d) and allocated to one of four treatment pens (n = 4 pens/treatment, 5 goats/pen): 1) wood shavings with two 250 W heat lamps (WS+H), 2) wood shavings without heat lamps (WS), 3) metal mesh with two heat lamps (MM+H) or 4) metal mesh without heat lamps (MM). Kids were reared in treatment pens for 8 days. To assess location preference, pens were divided into equally sized zones and time spent lying or upright in each zone was determined from video recordings observed continuously for 19 h/d on two separate days. Average temperatures in the warm (zones 1 and 2), medium (zones 3 and 4) and cold (zones 5 and 6) zones were 15.0 °C, 11.8 °C, 10.8 °C and 11.7 °C, 11.1 °C, 11.2 °C in pens with and without heat lamps, respectively. Frequency of walking, running, self-grooming and interactions (environment and pen mate) were recorded over the whole pen on the same two observation days. Lying times and bouts were recorded continuously over the 8 days using accelerometers. Milk consumption was recorded daily, and body weight gain was calculated over the trial period on a pen level. Kids housed on wood shavings with heat lamps spent more time lying than in all other treatments (P

Current clothes drying technology is an energy-intensive process that involves blowing hot air across tumbling wet fabrics to evaporate water. To address the relatively low energy efficiency of thi...

The porous elastic damping metal mesh material (metal fiber) is considered as a joint seal. The features of this type of turbine seals and requirements to their application are presented. Data of the experimental studies and already created seal designs are given.

In this study, renewable biofuels (ethanol and n-butanol) were utilized to synthesize carbon nanotubes on substrate of inexpensive metal mesh (copper alloy and nickel) using inverse diffusi...

By using standardized Waveforms C and D, this study explored the lightning strike protection (LSP) effectiveness of nickel coated carbon fiber nonwoven veils (Ni-CFNVs) on protecting the carbon fiber composite structures in Zone 2 (aircraft lightning zoning). The post-lightning damage was evaluated by visual inspection, ultrasonic scan and residual strength test. Results showed that the Ni-CFNV of 70 g/m2 eliminated lightning strike damage inflicted by both waveforms and it even performed better than the commercial expanded copper foil of 73 g/m2. Therefore, the Ni-CFNV will be a promising alternative to metal mesh for eliminating lightning strike damage to the structures in Zone 2. The remarkable LSP effectiveness of Ni-CFNV can be explained by its integration of high electrical conductivity of Ni-coating and prominent ablation resistance of carbon fiber. The experiments indicate that not only the electrical conductivity, but also the ablation resistance of LSP layer greatly influences the LSP effectiveness.

Nature-inspired structures as transparent conducting electrodes are exciting alternatives to conventional TCEs because they provide higher transmittance and conductivity at low temperatures on flexible substrates. The current work is focussed to develop a metal mesh structure with the help of plant leaf vein as a template. Bilayer metal mesh of thickness 85%) and electrical resistivity of the order of 10−4 Ω cm. The metal mesh TCE based on leaf vein template opens up new ways of obtaining large charge transfer resolving the junction resistance problem encountered in case of metal nanowires.

Properly installed and maintained fences are effective for mitigating crop damage by mammals; however, drainage ditches intersect fences and reduce the fence effectiveness. Cattle gates and deer exclusion grates are developed for road crossings and the techniques are effective. This study aimed to develop techniques for enclosing the space between ditches and fences. Electrified lines are commonly used for preventing wildlife intrusion, but wildlife are often able to cross such fences; therefore, an electrified mesh was used. The electrified metal mesh was hung like a curtain. The technique was found to prevent over 98% of intrusion by wildlife. The effectiveness of the technique was high and this technique improves the fence effectiveness. This is the first study on reducing wildlife intrusions using ditches.