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Purpose Based on text content analysis using big data, this study aims to explore differences in guest perceptions of peer-to-peer accommodations before and after COVID-19 to provide suggestions for the development of these properties in China postpandemic. Design/methodology/approach A guest perception dictionary was established by collecting Ctrip customer reviews of peer-to-peer accommodations. After data cleaning, thematic word analysis and semantic association network analysis were used to explore perceptions and thematic differences before and after COVID-19. Findings This research constructed a multidimensional framework of guest-perceived values for peer-to-peer accommodation in the context of COVID-19. The findings showed that the emphasis on functionality in peer-to-peer accommodation changed; perceived emotional values associated with peer-to-peer stays were more complex; perceived social values decreased, host–guest interactions were reduced and online communication became a stronger trend; tourist preferences for types of experiences changed, and people changed their destination selections; perceived conditional value was reflected in perceived risks, and the perceptions of environmental health, service and physical risks increased. Research limitations/implications This research has constructed a multidimensional framework of tourist perceived value on the basis of peer-to-peer accommodation context and epidemic background and has thus shown the changes in tourist perceived value of peer-to-peer accommodation before and after COVID-19. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this research constitutes the first attempt to explore the perceptual differences for peer-to-peer accommodations before and after COVID-19 based on an extensive data set of online reviews from multiple provinces of China.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant epigenetic modification. Although the dysregulation of m6A regulators has been associated with cancer progression in several studies, its relationship with cancer prognosis and clinicopathology is still controversial. Therefore, we evaluated the prognostic and clinicopathological value of m6A regulators in cancers by performing a comprehensive meta-analysis.The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched up to April 2022. Hazard ratios were used to analyze the association between m6A with prognosis. We also analyze the relationship between m6A and clinicopathology using odds ratios.METTL3 overexpression predicted poor overall survival and disease-free survival in cancer patients (High expression of METTL3 predicted poor outcome. In contrast, high expression of METTL14 was associated with better outcome. Thus, we suggest that among all the m6A regulators, METTL3 and METTL14 could be potential prognostic markers in cancers.

There has emerged substantial research in addressing single-view 3D reconstruction and the majority of the state-of-the-art implicit methods employ CNNs as the backbone network. On the other hand, transformers have shown remarkable performance in many vision tasks. However, it is still unknown whether transformers are suitable for single-view implicit 3D reconstruction. In this paper, we propose the first end-to-end single-view 3D reconstruction network based on the Pyramid Vision Transformer (PVT), called ED2IF2-Net, which disentangles the reconstruction of an implicit field into the reconstruction of topological structures and the recovery of surface details to achieve high-fidelity shape reconstruction. ED2IF2-Net uses a Pyramid Vision Transformer encoder to extract multi-scale hierarchical local features and a global vector of the input single image, which are fed into three separate decoders. A coarse shape decoder reconstructs a coarse implicit field based on the global vector, a deformation decoder iteratively refines the coarse implicit field using the pixel-aligned local features to obtain a deformed implicit field through multiple implicit field deformation blocks (IFDBs), and a surface detail decoder predicts an enhanced displacement field using the local features with hybrid attention modules (HAMs). The final output is a fusion of the deformed implicit field and the enhanced displacement field, with four loss terms applied to reconstruct the coarse implicit field, structure details through a novel deformation loss, overall shape after fusion, and surface details via a Laplacian loss. The quantitative results obtained from the ShapeNet dataset validate the exceptional performance of ED2IF2-Net. Notably, ED2IF2-Net-L stands out as the top-performing variant, exhibiting the highest mean IoU, CD, EMD, ECD-3D, and ECD-2D scores, reaching impressive values of 61.1, 7.26, 2.51, 6.08, and 1.84, respectively. The extensive experimental evaluations consistently demonstrate the state-of-the-art capabilities of ED2IF2-Net in terms of reconstructing topological structures and recovering surface details, all while maintaining competitive inference time.

Plant phenology refers to the cyclic plant growth events, and is one of the most important indicators of climate change. Integration of plant phenology information is of great significance for understanding the response of ecosystems to global change and simulating the material and energy balance of terrestrial ecosystems. Based on 24552 in-situ phenology observation records of 24 typical woody plants from the Chinese Phenology Observation Network (CPON), we map the species phenology (SP) and ground phenology (GP) of forests over China from 1951–2020, with a spatial resolution of 0.1° and a temporal resolution of 1 day. A model-based upscaling method was used to generate SP maps from in-situ SP observations, and then weighted average and quantile methods were used to generate GP maps from SP maps. The validation shows that the SP maps of 24 woody plants are largely consistent with the in-situ observations, with an average error of 6.9 days in spring and 10.8 days in autumn. The GP maps of forests have good agreement with the existing Land Surface Phenology (LSP) products derived by remote sensing data, particularly in deciduous forests, with an average difference of 8.8 days in spring and 15.1 days in autumn. The dataset provides an independent and reliable phenology data source on a long-time scale of 70 years in China, and contributes to more comprehensive research on plant phenology and climate change at regional and national scales. The dataset can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.07995 (Zhu et al., 2023).

Reduced feed intake during the transition period renders cows unable to meet their energy needs for maintenance and lactation, leading to a state of negative energy balance. Severe negative energy balance initiates fat mobilization and increases circulating levels of free fatty acids (FFA), which could induce hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Enhancing the hepatic supply of propionate (major gluconeogenic substrate) is a feasible preventive and therapeutic strategy to alleviate hepatic metabolic disorders during the transition period. Whether propionate supply affects pathways beyond gluconeogenesis during high FFA loads is not well known. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate whether propionate supply could protect calf hepatocytes from FFA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Hepatocytes were isolated from 5 healthy calves (1 d old, female, 30-40 kg, fasting) and treated with various concentrations of propionate (0, 1, 2, and 4 mM propionate for 12 h) or for different times (2 mM propionate for 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h). Furthermore, hepatocytes were treated with propionate (2 mM), fatty acids (1.2 mM), or both for 12 h with or without 50 nM PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha) small interfering RNA. Compared with the control group, protein abundance of PGC-1α was greater with 2 and 4 mM propionate treatment groups. Furthermore, protein abundance of TFAM (mitochondrial function marker mitochondrial transcription factor A) and VDAC1 (voltage-dependent anion channel 1) was greater with 1, 2, and 4 mM propionate, and COX4 (cyclooxygenase 4) was greater with 2 and 4 mM propionate groups. In addition, propionate supply led to an increase in protein abundance of PGC-1α, TFAM, VDAC1, and COX4 over time. Flow cytometry revealed that propionate treatment increased the number of mitochondria in hepatocytes compared with control group, but inhibition of PGC-1α abolished these beneficial effects. The lower protein abundance of PGC-1α, TFAM, COX4, and VDAC1 and activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, along with greater production of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and apoptosis rate in response to treatment with high concentrations of FFA suggested an impairment of mitochondrial function and induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis. In contrast, propionate treatment hastened these negative effects. Knockdown of PGC-1α by small interfering RNA impeded the beneficial role of propionate on FFA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Overall, results demonstrated that propionate supply alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in FFA-treated calf hepatocytes by upregulating PGC-1α. Together, the data suggest that PGC-1α may be a promising target for preventing or improving hepatic function during periods such as the transition into lactation where the FFA load on the liver increases.

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors play an important role in a wide range of metabolic and developmental processes in eukaryotes, and bHLH proteins also participate in immune responses, especially in plants. However, their roles in insects upon entomopathogen infection are unknown. In this study, 54 bHLH genes in 41 families were identified in a polyphagous pest, Spodoptera litura, including a new bHLH gene in group B, which is specifically present in Lepidoptera and was thus named Lep. The conserved amino acids in the bHLH domain, structural architecture, and chromosomal distribution of bHLH genes in S. litura were analyzed. The bHLH genes in Plutella xylostella and Apis mellifera were also updated, and genome-wide comparison and phylogenetic analysis of bHLH members in five holometabolous insects were performed. The expression profiles of S. litura bHLH (SlbHLH) genes in three tissues at different developmental stages and their responses to S. litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV), Nomuraea rileyi (Nr), and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) infection were investigated. More SlbHLHs in group B were expressed and differentially expressed during pathogen infections, and SlbHLHs tended to be downregulated in the midgut of S. litura larvae after B. thuringiensis treatment. Our study provides an overview of bHLH family members in S. litura and their responses to different pathogens used for pest biocontrol. These findings on bHLH members may contribute to uncovering the mechanism of host-pathogen interaction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Introduction While traditional “non-medical” prevention and control measures have achieved remarkable results during the COVID-19 pandemic, they have generated difficult situations for older adult patients with chronic disease. The purpose of this study was to understand and identify the COVID-19 risk perception process and trajectory among older adults with chronic disease living in the community. Material and methods This was a qualitative research study that used in-depth semi-structured interviews to explore the experiences of 21 older adult patients with chronic disease. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis methods. Results Three themes emerged: restricted travel, psychological shock and panic, and unintended consequences. Conclusions The perceptions of epidemic risk among older adult patients with chronic disease living in the community had varying characteristics at different stages. Correct identification of risk perception processes and trajectories will assist in formulating more scientific emergency measures in the event of future public health emergencies.

Land use/cover change (LUCC) can change the energy balance of the earth’s surface by altering its biophysical properties (surface albedo), and it also has an important impact on the ecological climate. In this paper, using surface energy balance algorithms, the differences in energy balance and the resulting ecoclimatic effects under different land use changes in the Yangtze River basin from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) from 2000 to 2020, the energy uptake of surface net radiation (Rs) in the Yangtze River basin showed a downward trend with increasing intensity of impact from human activities. This indicated that human activities could weaken the positive trend of Rs uptake and increase the warming effect; (2) Rs and latent heat flux (LHF) showed an upward trend, which was more obvious in natural and semi-natural regions and mixed pixel regions; (3) LHF−Rs energy uptake showed a decreasing trend, indicating that the effect of Rs on surface absorbed energy was greater than that of LHF, which was more significant in old urban areas and urban expansion areas. This research highlights the variation in the surface energy budgets of the five land use types with different levels of human activities. This will provide a theoretical reference for future land planning and management. It will also provide a theoretical basis for judging climate change trends and urban heat island effects in the Yangtze River basin from the perspective of bio-geophysics.

Rapid urbanization is an important factor leading to the rise in surface temperature. How to effectively reduce the land surface temperature (LST) has become a significant proposition of city planning. For the exploration of LST and the urban heat island (UHI) effect in Zhengzhou, China, the LST was divided into seven grades, and the main driving factors of LST change and their internal relations were discussed by correlation analysis and gray correlation analysis. The results indicated that LST showed an upward trend from 2005 to 2020, and a mutation occurred in 2013. Compared with 2005, the mean value of LST in 2020 increased by 0.92 °C, while the percentage of LST-enhanced areas was 22.77. Furthermore, the spatial pattern of UHI was irregularly distributed, gradually spreading from north to south from 2005 to 2020; it showed a large block distribution in the main city and southeast in 2020, while, in the areas where woodlands were concentrated and in the Yellow River Basin, there was an obvious “cold island” effect. In addition, trend analysis and gray correlation analysis revealed that human factors were positively correlated with LST, which intensified the formation of the UHI effect, and the influence of Albedo on LST showed obvious spatial heterogeneity, while the cooling effect of vegetation water was better than that of topography. The research results can deepen the understanding of the driving mechanism of the UHI effect, as well as provide scientific support for improving the quality of the urban human settlement environment.

Wetlands are important CO2 sinks and methane sources, and their seasonality and phenological cycle play an essential role in understanding the carbon budget. However, given the spatial heterogeneity of wetland landscapes and the coarser spatial resolution of satellites, the phenological retrievals of wetlands are challenging. Here we examined the phenology of wetlands from 30 m harmonized Landsat/Sentinel-2 (LandSent30) and 500 m MODIS satellite observations using the ground phenology network PhenoCam as a benchmark. This study used all 11 available wetland PhenoCam sites (about 30 site years), covering diverse wetland types from different climate zones. We found that the LandSent30-based phenology results were in overall higher consistency with the PhenoCam results compared to MODIS, which could be related to the better explanation capacity of LandSent30 data in the heterogeneous landscapes of wetlands. This also means that the LandSent30 has an advantage over the 500 m MODIS regarding wetland vegetation phenological retrievals. It should be noted that the LandSent30 did not show a greatly improved performance, which could be related to the specificity and complexity of the wetlands landscape. We also illustrated the potential effects of the location and observation direction of PhenoCam cameras, the selection of Region of Interest (ROI), as well as the landscape composition of the site. Overall, this study highlights the complexity of wetland phenology from both ground and remote sensing observations at different scales, which paves the road for understanding the role of wetlands in global climate change and provides a basis for understanding the real phenological changes of wetland surfaces.

In the atmosphere, the dust shapes are various, and a single model is difficult to represent the complex shapes of dust. We proposed a tunable model to represent dust with various shapes. Two tunable parameters were used to represent the effects of the erosion degree and binding forces from the mass center, respectively. Thus, the model can represent various dust shapes by adjusting the tunable parameters. To evaluate the applicability of the single spheroid model in calculating the optical properties of single dust with irregular shapes, the aspect ratios of spheroids were retrieved by best fitting the phase function of dust with irregular shapes. In this work, the optical properties and polarimetric characteristics of irregular dust with a diameter range of 0.2–2.0 µm were investigated. Our findings show that the dust shapes have a substantial impact on the scattering matrix, and sometimes the sign of elements of the scattering matrix could be modified by changing the tunable parameters. The applicability of the spheroid model is significantly affected by the erosion degree and binding forces, and substantial deviations could be observed when the dust diameter is in the range of 0.8–2.0 µm. The F11 relative differences of approximately 100 % between dust with irregular shapes and best-fitted spheroids could be observed in certain scattering angles. The maximum differences in other elements between irregular dust particles and best-fitted spheroids can reach approximately 0.3–0.8. Besides, the signs of F12/F11, F33/F11, F34/F11 and F44/F11 can be modified from negative to positive at some scattering angles if substituting the irregular dust with best-fitted spheroids. As the binding force is small, the deviation of extinction or scattering cross-section generally increases with the erosion degree, and the relative differences between dust with irregular shapes and spheroids can reach approximately 30 % when the erosion degree is large, while the differences are mitigated with the binding force increasing. Besides, with the binding force increasing, the aspect ratio is closer to 1:1. The deviations of the spheroid model in estimating the polarized light were also investigated using the successive-order-of-scattering (SOS) vector radiative transfer (VRT) model. With a diameter (dp) of 0.2 µm, the relative difference of normalized radiance does not exceed 3 %, and the absolute values of the deviation of the polarized bidirectional reflectance factor (PBRF) and the ratio of radiance to polarized intensity (DoLP) are below 0.005 and 0.02, respectively. However, with the particle size increasing, the difference becomes much more substantial. The relative difference of the normalized radiance can exceed 10 %, and the deviations of the PBRF and DoLP can vary in the ranges of −0.015 to 0.025 and −0.05 to 0.15, respectively. Thus, the single spheroid model may lead to non-negligible deviations for estimating the polarimetric characteristics of single dust particles with more complex shapes. In this work, only the optical properties of single particles were considered. In the future, the applicability of an ensemble of spheroidal particles for reproducing the scattering properties and polarimetric characteristics of an ensemble of irregularly shaped dust particles should be further investigated.

To synthesize the evidence for the immediate and short-term effects of appearance care on psychosocial outcomes in breast cancer patients in order to inform the design of future research and clinical practice.A search of four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science). The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists were used by two reviewers to assess methodology quality. Subgroup analysis was conducted for the different time points measured after intervention.Seven studies were eligible for the meta-analysis, including two RCTs and five quasi-experimental studies, from 1994 to 2022. The type of intervention was mainly grouped education, led by beauty specialists, and the dose and frequency varied. The quality of included studies was moderate to high. The results showed that appearance care had positive immediate effect on self-esteem (SMD = 0.63, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.89), anxiety (SMD = - 0.46, 95% CI - 0.60 to - 0.31), and depression (SMD = - 0.41, 95% CI - 0.62 to - 0.19), with short-term effects on anxiety (SMD = - 0.42, 95% CI - 0.54 to - 0.34), depression (SMD = - 0.41, 95% CI - 0.55 to - 0.26), and sexual function (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.81).The effect of appearance care on body image and quality of life was uncertain.Appearance care could be a promising intervention to improve self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and sexual function among patients with breast cancer. More high-quality RCTs are needed to validate these findings. Online appearance care programs and exploration of long-term effects should also be considered.

Background The increased number of older adults living alone has created a substantial care need. However, the utilization rate of services and facilities to meet these needs are surprisingly low. Many of older adults experience difficulties accessing these services, although it remains unclear how these obstacles impede access to services. This study explored the obstacles and difficulties experienced by urban older adults in seeking community care. Methods A phenomenological study was carried out and participatory observation and in-depth interviews were employed to investigate the process of seeking care of older adults in urban communities. A total of 18 urban community-dwelling older adults aged 75 years and over were included. Data collected were analysed by content analysis. Results We identified the pathways by which senior-only households sought community care and encountered obstacles. (1) lack of community care information: older adults did not know where and how to get services, even though the care institutions scattered throughout the community; (2) limited mobility: older adults often suffered from various chronic diseases, which physically hindered their access to care resources; (3) complex process of achieving care: the functional fragmentation and geographical dispersion of care institutions made the care-seeking process challenging and confusing for older adults; (4) incomprehension of needs expression: limited interaction time and communication barriers between staff of institutions and the older adults were the final obstacle. Only by surmounting these obstacles one by one can older adults access the care resources effectively. Conclusions When older adults in the community initiated calls for help, they encountered several obstacles. Their physiological and social disadvantages limited their ability to seek care physically. Lack of integration and clear guidance in the process of providing community care exacerbated these difficulties. Reform of care services should focus on the visibility and accessibility of services for older adults.

In the atmosphere, the dust shapes are various and a single model is difficult to represent the complex shapes of dust. We proposed a tunable model to represent dust with various shapes. Two tunable parameters were used to represent the effects of the erosion degree and binding forces from the mass center, respectively. Thus, the model can represent various dust shapes by adjusting the tunable parameters. To evaluate the applicability of the spheroid model in calculating the optical properties, the aspect ratios of spheroids were retrieved by best fitting the phase function of dust with irregular shapes. Our findings show that the dust shapes have a substantial impact on the scattering matrix, and sometimes the sign of elements of the scattering matrix can be modified by changing the tunable parameters. The applicability of the spheroid model is significantly affected by the erosion degree and binding forces, and substantial deviations could be observed when the dust size is relatively large. Besides, the sign of F12/F11 and F34/F11 can be modified from negative to oppositive at some scattering angles if substituting the irregular dust with best-fitted spheroids. As the binding force is small, the deviation of extinction/scattering cross-section generally increases with the erosion degree, and the relative difference can reach approximately 30 % when the erosion degree is large, while the deviation is mitigated with the binding force increasing. Besides, with the binding force increasing, the retrieved aspect ratio is more close to 1 : 1. The deviations of the spheroid model on estimating the polarized light were also investigated using the successive-order-of-scattering (SOS) vector radiative transfer (VRT) model. With a diameter (dp) of 0.2 μm, the relative difference of normalized radiance does not exceed 3 %, and the absolute values of the deviation of the polarized bidirectional reflectance factor (PBRF) and the ratio of radiance to polarized intensity (DoLP) are below 0.005 and 0.02, respectively. However, with the particle size increasing, the difference becomes much more substantial. The relative difference of the normalized radiance can exceed 10 %, and the deviation of the PBRF and DoLP can vary in the range of −0.015 −0.025 and the range of −0.05 to 0.15. Thus, the use of the spheroid model in the component retrievals based on the polarized light should consider the effects of more complex dust shapes.

As one of the main driving forces for the change in surface energy balance, land use and cover change affects the ecological climate through different levels of biogeochemical and physical processes. However, many studies on the surface energy balance are conducted from the perspective of biogeochemistry, ignoring biogeochemical processes. By using core methods such as the surface energy balance algorithm and Mann-Kendall trend test, we analyzed the surface energy balance mechanism and ecological climate effects of five land use types in the Huang-Huai-Hai Basin in China. The results showed that: (1) the net radiation and latent heat flux in the five land use types increased significantly, and their highest values were located in cropland areas and urban expansion areas, respectively. (2) The influence of net radiation on surface energy absorption was greater than latent heat flux. This relationship was more obvious in land use types that were greatly influenced by human activities. (3) The net surface energy intake in the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin showed a decreasing trend and decreased with the increase in human influence intensity, indicating that human activities weakened the positive trend in net surface energy intake and increased the warming effect. This study reveals the difference in energy budgets of different land use types under the influence of human activities. It is helpful for understanding how to formulate sustainable land management strategies, and it also provides a theoretical basis for judging the climate change trends and urban heat island effects in the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin from a biogeophysical perspective.

A new action mechanism for the fluorescent detection on the Al

Mitochondria are the main site of fatty acid oxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria induce oxidative stress and increase the risk of lipid accumulation. During the process of mitophagy, PTEN induced kinase 1 (PINK1) accumulates on damaged mitochondria and recruits cytoplasmic Parkin to mitochondria. As an autophagy receptor protein, sequestosome-1 (p62) binds Parkin-ubiquitinated outer mitochondrial membrane proteins and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) to facilitate degradation of damaged mitochondria. In nonruminants, clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria through the PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy pathway contributes to reducing ROS production and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Whether PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy plays a similar role in dairy cow liver is not well known. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate mitophagy status in dairy cows with fatty liver and its role in free fatty acid (FFA)-induced oxidative stress and lipid accumulation. Liver and blood samples were collected from healthy dairy cows (n = 10) and cows with fatty liver (n = 10) that had a similar number of lactations (median = 3, range = 2 to 4) and days in milk (median = 6 d, range = 3 to 9 d). Calf hepatocytes were isolated from 5 healthy newborn female Holstein calves (1 d of age, 30-40 kg). Hepatocytes were transfected with small interfering RNA targeted against PRKN for 48 h or transfected with PRKN overexpression plasmid for 36 h, followed by treatment with FFA (0.3 or 1.2 mM) for 12 h. Mitochondria were isolated from fresh liver tissue or calf hepatocytes. Serum concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate were higher in dairy cows with fatty liver. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H

With social changes and economic development, human activities inevitably lead to significant changes in land use types. Land use and land cover change (LUCC) leads to a series of changes in energy balance and surface temperature, which has an impact on the regional climate. In this study, MODIS remote sensing data were used to quantify the results of the biological and geophysical effects caused by LUCC in four typical cities in the Yellow River Basin of China: Jinan, Zhengzhou, Lanzhou and Xining. The results showed the following: (1) The latent heat flux and the net radiation of the four cities were both increasing on the whole. The latent heat flux of water and forest was higher, which played a key role in energy consumption on the ground. The net radiation value of the old urban and urban expansion areas was higher, while that of the forest was lower, which indicated that human activities increased the input of surface energy. (2) The differences between latent heat flux and net radiation in areas greatly affected by human activities were much smaller than those in natural areas such as forest and grassland. This indicted that human activities increased the warming trend. In addition, most of the differences between latent heat flux and net radiation in the four cities showed a downward trend. (3) Different cities have different regulating factors for land surface temperature (LST). In Jinan and Zhengzhou, the regulation of LST by net radiation was more obvious, while in Lanzhou and Xining, the regulation of LST by latent heat flux was more pronounced. By comparing LUCC and the forced balance between energy intake and consumption in four typical cities along the Yellow River Basin, this study emphasizes the difference of energy budgets under different land use types, which has important reference value for judging the spatial difference of urban thermal environments.

Knowledge of the adsorption reactions between serine and minerals is critical to understanding the geochemical processes of amino acids (i.e., mobility, bioavailability, and degradation) in the environment. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) flow-cell measurements were used to distinguish the inner- and outer-sphere complexation and reveal the dynamic adsorption and desorption processes of each surface complex at the molecular level. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were applied to determine the structures of the surface complexes and to justify the peak assignments of the serine dissolved in solution and adsorbed on TiO

The morphology, structure and composition of a photocatalyst are the key factors affecting its photocatalytic activity. Herein, g-C3N4 nanosheets were successfully grown in situ on the surface of TiO2 microspheres, and then a three-dimensional (3D) flower-like g-C3N4/TiO2 composite microsphere photocatalyst (FCTM) was formed with the self-assembly of TiO2 nanosheets. The effects of g-C3N4 nanosheets on the growth process, physical adsorption and photocatalytic activity of FCTM samples were studied. Compared with pure TiO2, the 3D flower-like g-C3N4/TiO2 composite microsphere photocatalyst had a larger specific surface area, and the specific surface area of FCTM-20 was 239.75 m2 g−1. Additionally, the addition of g-C3N4 nanosheets also changed the surface charge of TiO2 microspheres, resulting in the improvement of the physical adsorption capacity of FCTM-20. The degradation rates with FCTM-20 of MO and MB solutions were 51.7% and 92.5% after visible light irradiation for 5 h, which were 41.6% and 111.2% higher than those with pure TiO2 microspheres, respectively. During the photocatalytic process, FCTM-20 exhibited the best adsorption and degradation of MB solution. This is because the chromophoric groups of MO and MB lead to different energy requirements for FCTM-20 in the degradation process. Furthermore, the self-assembled 3D flower-like morphology of FCTM-20 provided more active sites for the degradation of MO and MB, and the heterojunction structure formed between TiO2 and g-C3N4 was more conducive to the transmission of photogenerated carriers.

Silica is a very promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries, due to its advantages of being resource-rich and having high theoretical specific capacity. However, poor electrochemical activity severely limits its practical application. To solve this issue, a nanosheet-assembled silica hierarchical hollow sphere decorated with ultrafine cobalt nanoparticles and carbon (SiO2/Co/C) is successfully synthesized. The hollow structure can effectively alleviate the volume expansion, shorten the migration distance of lithium ions, and increase the binding site. Furthermore, the carbon matrix and highly active ultrafine cobalt nanoparticles enhance not only the electronic conductivity but also the electrochemical activity (catalyzing the breaking of Si–O and Li–O bonds) of SiO2. The resulting SiO2/Co/C composite has a high reversible capacity of 1160 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and still has a specific capacity of 548 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 1.0 A g−1. Moreover, the SiO2/Co/C composite also exhibits good electrochemical performance in a full cell.

Voice activity detection (VAD) is essential for multiple microphone arrays processing, in which massive potential devices, such as microphone devices for far-field voice-based interaction in smart home environments, will be activated when sound sources appear. Therefore, the VAD can save a lot of computing resources in massive microphone arrays processing for the sparsity in sound source activity. However, it may not be feasible to obtain an accurate VAD in harsh environments, such as far-field, time-varying noise field. In this paper, the long-term speech information (LTSI) and the log-energy are modeled for deriving a more accurate VAD. First, the LTSI can be obtained by measuring the differential entropy of long-term smoothed noisy signal spectrum. Then, the LTSI is used to get labeled data for the initialization of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), which is used to fit the log-energy distribution of noise and (noisy) speech. Finally, combining the LTSI and the GMM parameters of noise and speech distribution, this paper derives an adaptive threshold, which represents a reasonable boundary between noise and speech. Experimental results show that our VAD method has a remarkable improvement for a massive microphone network.

Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) is a kind of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which is associated with pathogenesis of many diseases. A new near-infrared fluorescence probe (DCM-OH) which based on dicyanomethylene-4H-pyrans to detect endogenous ONOO− was designed and synthesized. The two-photon absorption cross sections and large Stokes shift make the probe deeper issue penetration and lower self-absorption. The obtained results demonstrated that probe DCM-OH could sensitively detect ONOO− with a low detection limit (53 nM). What's more, probe DCM-OH exhibited an ultrafast response rate (within 5 s) toward ONOO−, which would be in favor of tracking the highly reactive and short-lived ONOO− in the living systems. Moreover, DCM-OH was successfully employed for imaging endogenous ONOO− in HepG2/RAW 264.7 cells and further applied to visualize oxidative stress in mouse model of inflammation.

Cadherin, aminopeptidase N (APN) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) have been characterized as Cry receptors. In this study, comparative genomic analysis of the 3 receptor families was performed in 7 insects. ALPs and APNs are divided into three and eight clades in phylogenetic trees, respectively. ALPs in clade 3 and APNs in clade 1 contain multiple paralogs within each species and most paralogs are located closely in chromosomes. Drosophila melanogaster has expanded APNs in clade 5 and were lowly expressed in midgut. Cadherins are divided into 16 clades; they may diverge before holometabolous insect speciation except for BtR and Cad89D-like clades. Eight insects from different orders containing BtR orthologs are sensitive to Cry1A or Cry3A, while five species without BtR are insensitive to both toxins. Most APNs in clade 1, several ALPs in clade 3, BtR and Cad89D-like genes were highly or moderately expressed in larval midgut of Spodoptera litura and the other six species, and several members in these clades have been identified as Cry receptors. Expressions of putative S. litura Cry receptors in the midgut after exposing to Bt toxins were also analyzed.

The objective of this current study was to describe the status of returning to work and work ability of colorectal cancer survivors and identify the key factors associated with returning to work and work ability of Chinese colorectal cancer patients. A cross-sectional observational study was performed in 212 colorectal cancer survivors who have worked before their colorectal cancer diagnosis. We evaluated patient’s return to work (Yes/No), work ability, and factors by questionnaires of the Work Ability Index (WAI), M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory for Gastrointestinal (MDASI-GI), and the Self-Report Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS‐SR). Logistic regression analysis and linear regression were used to find the potential predictors with returning to work and work ability. Participants mostly 145 have returned to work (68.4%). Work ability and psychosocial adjustment of colorectal cancer survivors were at a moderate level. After completing treatment, the patient still had many symptoms, and these symptoms were distress to live. In the two models, survivors with higher family monthly income per capita and lower psychosocial adjustment scores were more likely to have higher work ability and return to work. Survivors with lower symptom distress were more likely to have higher work ability (r = − 0.038, p = 0.010). Survivors with higher work ability were more likely to return to work (OR = 1.193, 95% CI = (1.116,1.274)). This study confirmed that symptom distress and psychosocial adjustment were significantly associated with colorectal cancer survivors’ returning to work and work ability, which should be considered in future intervention research.

Mountain ecosystems are sensitive to climate change, and vegetation phenology provides one of the best signals to exemplify ecosystem responses to climate change. Vegetation phenology of mountain ecosystems is usually characterized with an elevational pattern, with the growing season starts earlier and ends later in lower versus higher elevations. With climate change, this elevational gradient of vegetation phenology is likely to shift as well. However, both the patterns and the underlying driving forces for potential changes in this elevational gradient of vegetation phenology are still unclear. Here, we used 500-m resolutioned normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for the period of 2001 to 2017 to investigate changes in the start of growing season (SOS) along the elevational gradient for six mountains in northern China dominated by broadleaf deciduous forests. We found that while SOS consistently advanced for most of the pixels, the elevational lapse rate of SOS (SE) showed various trends for different mountains. Specifically, SE showed a significant (p-value < .05) decreasing trend for the two southernmost mountains, indicating an increasing elevational synchronization in SOS. However, such phenological synchronization was not found in other temperate mountains. As warming has caused relatively consistent increases in heat forcing across different elevations and among different mountains but has led to highly various changes in chilling hours between high and low elevations, we suggested that the distinctive pattern in elevational synchronicity of spring phenology between southern and northern mountains in temperate China was primarily due to their different recent changes in chilling hours. Our work provides a novel key hypothesis for explaining the divergent changes in elevational gradients of vegetation phenology that can be tested in other regions for mountain ecosystems. - National Key R & D Program of China. Grant Number: 2018YFA0606102 - National Natural Science Foundation of China. Grant Number: 41771056 - Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Grant Number: XDA19020303

The influence of thinking flexibility on design is often underestimated by researchers in the field of design education. In this study, morphological analysis was used as a tool to develop design proposals and eye tracking technology was applied to track the attention. The feature of thinking activities in problem-solving between two groups (novice and expert) was analyzed by Heat map and Gaze plot in qualitative, and measured by indicators such as fixation and saccade in quantitative. Findings suggested that, i) Experts showed more fixation duration and fixation numbers in thinking activities, and the attention containing more AOIs was positively related to the rationality of the scheme. ii) Saccades with greater amplitude were more beneficial to the novelty of scheme. iii) Experts considered the information of each block in a balanced way, while novices tended to ignore unimportant blocks. These results will have a far-reaching impact on the development of designers’ thinking and help novices to exercise creative thinking and produce high-quality designs.

This paper presents a method to deploy the virtual router on the network node of OpenStack platform by using the networking VPP (Vector Packet Process) as the virtual router. This method is dedicated to high-speed network tasks. It runs on the DPDK (Data Plane Development Kit) user space, does not use the kernel driver to obtain packets from the hardware. The sending, receiving and processing of messages are implemented in user space, which means less kernel calls, less context switching and faster processing. In this method, the computing nodes and network nodes are deployed separately, and the user mode forwarding work of network node data plane is transferred to VPP. VPP is used to realize the function of three-layer routing and forwarding, which can accelerate the east-west traffic of VLAN network, also can improve the performance of three-layer routing and forwarding by 3–5 times. By this method, the bottleneck of OpenStack network can be eliminated, the performance of data center network can be further optimized.

Targeted synergistic therapy has broad prospects in tumor treatments. Here, a multi-functional nanodrug GDYO-CDDP/DOX@DSPE-PEG-MTX (GCDM) based on three traditional anticancer drugs (doxorubicin (DOX), cisplatin (CDDP) and methotrexate (MTX)) modified graphdiyne oxide (GDYO) is described, for diagnosis and targeted cancer photo-chemo synergetic therapy. In this system, for the first time, these three traditional anti-cancer drugs have played new roles and can reduce multidrug resistance through synergistic anti-tumor effects. Cisplatin can be hybridized with GDYO to form a multifunctional and well-dispersed three-dimensional framework, which can not only be used as nano-drug carriers to achieve high drug loading rates (40.3%), but also exhibit excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (47%) and good photodynamic effects under NIR irradiation. Doxorubicin (DOX) is loaded onto GDYO-CDDP through π-π stacking, which is used as an anticancer drug and as a fluorescent probe for nanodrug detection. Methotrexate (MTX) can be applied in tumor targeting and play a role in synergistic chemotherapy with DOX and CDDP. The synthesized multi-functional nanodrug GCDM has good biocompatibility, active targeting, long-term retention, sustained drug release, excellent fluorescence imaging capabilities, and remarkable photo-chemo synergistic therapeutic effects.

This paper investigates the physical layer security of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with decode-and-forward (DF) relays in underlay cognitive radio (CR) network. Secondary transmitter communicates with legitimate users via the aid of relays, while the eavesdroppers try to intercept the message. To safeguard legitimate communications against eavesdropping, the joint of artificial-noise (AN) and relay selection (RS) is applied. We derive the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the secrecy throughput to evaluate the secrecy performance. In addition, the asymptotic floor of SOP is derived. Numerical results verify that cooperative NOMA in underlay CR (CRNOMA) significantly outperforms the conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) in underlay CR network (CROMA) in terms of the secrecy outage performance. Furthermore, the effect of some critical parameters on the secrecy performance has been studied.

Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in China was first reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) on December 31, 2019, and the first cases were officially identified around December 8, 2019. Although the origin of COVID-19 has not been confirmed, approximately half of the early cases were linked to a seafood market in Wuhan. However, the first two documented patients did not visit the seafood market. News reports, social media, and informal sources may provide information about outbreaks prior to formal notification. Objective The aim of this study was to identify early signals of pneumonia or severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) in China prior to official recognition of the COVID-19 outbreak in December 2019 using open-source data. Methods To capture early reports, we searched an open source epidemic observatory, EpiWatch, for SARI or pneumonia-related illnesses in China from October 1, 2019. The searches were conducted using Google and the Chinese search engine Baidu. Results There was an increase in reports following the official notification of COVID-19 to the WHO on December 31, 2019, and a report that appeared on December 26, 2019 was retracted. A report of severe pneumonia on November 22, 2019, in Xiangyang was identified, and a potential index patient was retrospectively identified on November 17. Conclusions The lack of reports of SARI outbreaks prior to December 31, 2019, with a retracted report on December 26, suggests media censorship, given that formal reports indicate that cases began appearing on December 8. However, the findings also support a relatively recent origin of COVID-19 in November 2019. The case reported on November 22 was transferred to Wuhan approximately one incubation period before the first identified cases on December 8; this case should be further investigated, as only half of the early cases were exposed to the seafood market in Wuhan. Another case of COVID-19 has since been retrospectively identified in Hubei on November 17, 2019, suggesting that the infection was present prior to December.

An efficient synthetic method of tetracyclic 3,4-fused indoles and dihydroindoles via rhodium-catalyzed (3+2) cycloaddition of N-tosyl-4-(2-phenoxyphenyl)-1,2,3-triazole was described. The aromatized xanthene derivatives can be achieved in a one-pot synthesis starting from 1-ethynyl-2-phenoxybenzene. The xanthene-based fused heterocycles were considered as the valuable fluorophore.

Silica is a very promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries, due to its advantages of being resource-rich and having high theoretical specific capacity. However, poor electrochemical activity severely limits its practical application. To solve this issue, a nanosheet-assembled silica hierarchical hollow sphere decorated with ultrafine cobalt nanoparticles and carbon (SiO2/Co/C) is successfully synthesized. The hollow structure can effectively alleviate the volume expansion, shorten the migration distance of lithium ions, and increase the binding site. Furthermore, the carbon matrix and highly active ultrafine cobalt nanoparticles enhance not only the electronic conductivity but also the electrochemical activity (catalyzing the breaking of Si-O and Li-O bonds) of SiO2. The resulting SiO2/Co/C composite has a high reversible capacity of 1160 mA h g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 and still has a specific capacity of 548 mA h g-1 after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 1.0 A g-1. Moreover, the SiO2/Co/C composite also exhibits good electrochemical performance in a full cell.

© 2020 Elsevier Inc. Using barycentric coordinates for thickness interpolation, we present a novel polygonal skeleton based convolution surface approximation method with varying radii. Given the prescribed radii of an arbitrary planar polygonal skeleton, we first employ a smooth interior mean value coordinate interpolation approach to calculate the thickness at each projection position in the polygonal plane. Then a local thickness approximation method based on finite-support kernels is introduced to create an implicit surface with smoothly varying thickness. In addition, a polygon offset with different distances by winding numbers is employed to create local approximation at polygon boundaries. Our experiments show that the proposed uniform smooth thickness interpolation and local convolution approximation method can not only avoid surface wrinkles but also reduce computation cost. Moreover, our approach is insensitive to exterior thickness interpolation. Therefore smooth barycentric coordinates within a polygon can all be easily integrated into our approach.

Multimodal therapies have been regarded as promising strategies for cancer treatment as compared to conventional drug delivery systems that have various drawbacks in either low loading content, uncontrolled release, non-targeting or biotoxicity. We have developed a multifunctional three-dimensional tumor-targeting drug delivery system, Fe3O4@UIO-66-NH2/graphdiyne (FUGY), based on the hybridization of a novel two-dimensional material, graphdiyne (GDY), with a metal organic framework (MOFs) structure, Fe3O4@UIO-66-NH2 (FU). The FU MOF structure has superior ability for magnetic targeting, and was constructed by an in situ growth method in which it was surface-installed with GDY via amide bonds, as a carrier of anticancer drugs. The anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded onto FUGY and served as both an anticancer drug to treat the tumor and a fluorescence probe to ascertain the location of FUGY. The results show that FUGY exhibits a high drug loading content of 43.8% and an effective drug release around the tumor cells at pH 5.0. In particular, fluorescence imaging demonstrates that FUGY can deliver more anticancer drugs to tumor tissue than conventional drug delivery systems. Furthermore, FUGY exhibits superior therapeutic efficiencies with negligible side effects as compared to the direct administration of free DOX, both in vitro and in vivo. The obtained FUGY drug delivery system possesses ideal biocompatibility, sustained drug release, effective chemotherapeutic efficacy, and specific targeting abilities. Such a multimodal therapeutic system can facilitate new possibilities for multifunctional drug delivery systems.

C-type lectins (CTLs) recognize various glycoconjugates through carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) and they play important roles in immune responses. In this study, comparative genomic analysis of CTLs were performed in 7 holometabolous species. CTL-S1 to S8 and CTL-X1 to X4 orthologous groups existed in the 7 species, while CTL-X5 group with dual-CRD, CTL-S11 group with triple-CRD, CTL-S9 group with a long C-terminus and Lepidopteran specific CTL-S10 group were not conserved. SliCTL-S12 to S14 cluster was only present in Spodoptera litura, and CTL-S genes were expanded on chromosomes 2 L and 2 R in Drosophila melanogaster. Most IMLs were clustered into three groups and the numbers of IMLs vary among species due to gene duplications. D. melanogaster specific CTLs and Lepidopteran IMLs within each of the three groups evolved more rapidly with higher dN/dS ratios. Two CRDs in IMLs clustered into two clades, with conserved Cys4-Cys5 and Cys1-Cys2 bonds in the first and second CRDs, respectively. The CTL-S and CTL-X family members in S. litura were mainly expressed in the fat body of 5th but not 6th instar larvae, and responded differently to S. litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV) and Nomuraea rileyi infection. The transcription levels of SliCTLs that expressed in fat body but not highly expressed in hemocytes were decreased at the middle and late stages of SpltNPV infection, and the mRNA levels of SliCTLs highly or specifically expressed in hemocytes were mainly decreased by SpltlNPV, N. rileyi and Bacillus thuringiensis infection. These results provide valuable information for further exploration of CTL functions in host-pathogen interaction.

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in China was first reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) on December 31, 2019, and the first cases were officially identified around December 8, 2019. Although the origin of COVID-19 has not been confirmed, approximately half of the early cases were linked to a seafood market in Wuhan. However, the first two documented patients did not visit the seafood market. News reports, social media, and informal sources may provide information about outbreaks prior to formal notification. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify early signals of pneumonia or severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) in China prior to official recognition of the COVID-19 outbreak in December 2019 using open-source data. METHODS To capture early reports, we searched an open source epidemic observatory, EpiWatch, for SARI or pneumonia-related illnesses in China from October 1, 2019. The searches were conducted using Google and the Chinese search engine Baidu. RESULTS There was an increase in reports following the official notification of COVID-19 to the WHO on December 31, 2019, and a report that appeared on December 26, 2019 was retracted. A report of severe pneumonia on November 22, 2019, in Xiangyang was identified, and a potential index patient was retrospectively identified on November 17. CONCLUSIONS The lack of reports of SARI outbreaks prior to December 31, 2019, with a retracted report on December 26, suggests media censorship, given that formal reports indicate that cases began appearing on December 8. However, the findings also support a relatively recent origin of COVID-19 in November 2019. The case reported on November 22 was transferred to Wuhan approximately one incubation period before the first identified cases on December 8; this case should be further investigated, as only half of the early cases were exposed to the seafood market in Wuhan. Another case of COVID-19 has since been retrospectively identified in Hubei on November 17, 2019, suggesting that the infection was present prior to December.