Search

Polylactic acid (PLA) is the most commonly used biodegradable plastic with rapid growth in recent years. This leads to predictable increased pollution of PLA microplastics (MPs) in the environment. However, quantification methods for the PLA MPs are still lacking. In this study, a method based on alkali-assisted thermal depolymerization and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was developed to quantify PLA MPs. After the background monomer compound was removed, PLA MPs were efficiently depolymerized to lactic acid and detected by LC-MS/MS with a limit of quantification of 18.7 ng/g. The ideal recovery of spiked PLA MPs of 93% was obtained, and the PLA MPs did not need to be separated or extracted in advance from the environmental samples. Using this method, PLA MPs were detected in all the sediment samples of a reservoir at a range of 53.5-491 ng/g dw, and the concentrations decreased with the sediment depth. In addition, after soaking in water at 95 °C for 30 min, approximately 12 μg of PLA MPs was released from a single teabag.

Does the increase in the shareholding ratio of shareholders promote or inhibit the degree of corporate financialization, or does it have other relationships? This paper selects the data of listed companies of non-financial enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2008 to 2020, and uses the least squares method to test whether the ownership concentration has an impact on the degree of financialization of enterprises. whether there is a regional effect. The study found that, regardless of the region where the company is located, there is a positive U-shaped relationship between ownership concentration and corporate financialization. The concentration of ownership has an inhibitory effect on the degree of corporate financialization. Therefore, although a moderate degree of ownership concentration will inhibit the degree of financialization of enterprises, differences between regions should be considered when conducting corporate financialization governance. The eastern region should abandon the oppression of the real economy caused by the accumulation of financial resources, and the western region strengthens the institutional environment. Construction and optimization of financial asset allocation.

Background Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) has been extensively studied for its relationship with mortality but has been typically assessed at a single time point. We, therefore, describe the trajectory of LVMI in a population with hypertension over 6 years to study the subsequent risk of mortality. Methods and Results We assessed LVMI that was collected during annual health examinations in round 1 (2010–2012), round 2 (2013–2014), and round 3 (2015–2016) with 2 allometric scalings, height 2.7 , and body surface area, in a cohort of participants with hypertension to identify 6‐year trajectories of LVMI by latent class trajectory modeling. We followed up with participants for mortality by latent trajectory from the last echocardiographic examination (September 17, 2014–December 8, 2016) to December 31, 2018. We calculated mortality hazard ratios by assigned trajectory using Cox proportional hazards models. We obtained data for LVMI from 2453 participants (mean age, 61.80 [SD, 12.14] years, 1428 [58.2%] female). We identified 3 trajectories of LVM/H 2.7 , characterized by maintained low stable (1298 [52.9%]); moderate stable (935 [38.1%]); high stable (220 [9.0%]), as well as 3 trajectories by LVM/body surface area. During a median follow‐up of 2.15 years, 167 participants developed all‐cause mortality, and 71 were cardiovascular mortality. Only the high stable trajectory was associated with a higher risk of all‐cause mortality compared with the low stable trajectory by LVM/H 2.7 or LVM/body surface area (all P Conclusions In community hypertension, the individuals with high stable LVMI trajectory had the highest risk of all‐cause mortality. The individuals in the moderate stable trajectory had a similar risk for mortality as those in the low stable trajectory.

Wearing masks has become the norm during the Coronavirus disease pandemic. Masks can reportedly interface with air pollutants and release microplastics and plastic additives such as phthalates. In this study, an experimental device was set up to simulate the impact of five kinds of masks (activated-carbon, N95, surgical, cotton, and fashion masks) on the risk of humans inhaling microplastics and phthalates during wearing. The residual concentrations of seven major phthalates ranged from 296 to 72,049 ng/g (median: 1242 ng/g), with the lowest and the highest concentrations detected in surgical (median: 367 ng/g) and fashion masks (median: 37,386 ng/g), respectively. During the whole inhalation simulation process, fragmented and 20–100 μm microplastics accounted for the largest, with a rapid release during the first six hours. After one day’s wearing, that of 6 h, while wearing different masks, 25–135 and 65–298 microplastics were inhaled indoors and outdoors, respectively. The total estimated daily intake of phthalates with indoor and outdoor conditions by inhalation and skin exposure ranged from 1.2 to 13 and 0.43 to 14 ng/kg bw/d, respectively. Overall, surgical masks yield a protective effect, while cotton and fashion masks increase human exposure to microplastics and phthalates both indoors and outdoors compared to no mask wearing. This study observed possible risks from common facemasks and provided suggestions to consumers for selecting suitable masks to reduce exposure risks from microplastics and phthalate acid.

Nitrogenous flame retardants (NFRs) have aroused worldwide public concern as their nephrotoxic effect. However, knowledge regarding the pathogenesis mechanism of their exposure to induce kidney injury remains largely unknown. In this study, eight NFRs, four oxidative stress biomarkers (OSBs), and one kidney injury biomarker, namely neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), were measured in urine specimens collected from residents living around e-waste disassembly and reference areas, representing two exposure scenarios. Significant higher concentrations of Σ

Energy harvesting from sun and outer space using thermoradiative devices (TRDs), despite being promising renewable energy sources, is limited only to daytime and nighttime period, respectively. Such a system with 24-hour continuous electric power generation remains an open question thus far. Here, a TRD-based power generator that harvests solar energy via concentrated solar irradiation during daytime and via thermal infrared emission towards the outer space at nighttime is proposed, thus achieving the much sought-after 24-hour electrical power generation. Correspondingly, a rigorous thermodynamical model is developed to investigate the all-day performance characteristics, parametric optimum design, and the role of various energy loss mechanisms. The calculated results predict that the daytime TRD-based system yields a peak efficiency of 12.6% under 10 suns, thus significantly outperforming the state-of-art record-setting solar thermoelectric generator. This work reveals the potential of TRD towards 24-hour electricity generation and future renewable energy technology.

Two new compounds geobomlin A (

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is common in hypertension and is a predictor of increased cardiovascular risk, however the effect of LVDD, detected by new guideline, on major adverse cardiac events (MACE) is unknown in hypertensive patients without known cardiovascular disease. The present study aims to evaluate LVDD in a community hypertension cohort study and assess the effect of LVDD on MACE. we studied 283 asymptomatic nonischemic patients with hypertension who had baseline echocardiogram between 2012 and 2014. Patients were followed for MACE (myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization procedures, heart failure, stroke, all-cause mortality) with mean follow-up of 5.4 years. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association of LVDD with MACE. At baseline, 35 of the 283 hypertensions were diagnosed with LVDD (12.3%) and 25 patients were women (15.5%). Women had higher frequency of LVDD than men (8%). During follow-up, there were 26.6% patients occurring MACE in the LVDD group at baseline, 9.9% patients occurring MACE in the group with normal diastolic function. In multivariable Cox regression analyses, LVDD was a stronger predictor of MACE (HR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.20 to 5.25; c- statistics 0.805) than E/e′ ratio (HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.22). LVDD was strongly associated with MACE in hypertension patients.

Legacy [e.g., brominated- (BFRs)] and alternative [e.g., organophosphate- (OPFRs) and nitrogenous- (NFRs)] flame retardants have a propensity to migrate out of consumer products, and thus are dispersed in indoor microenvironments. In this study, simultaneous presence of 11 BFRs, 18 OPFRs and 11 NFRs were measured in house dust collected from Tianjin, China. OPFRs were found at the highest concentrations, with a median value of 3200 ng/g, followed by NFRs (2600) and BFRs (1600). Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (median: 1800 ng/g), melamine (1100), and BDE-209 (870) were the top three most abundant chemicals in the respective groups. Location-specific patterns of flame retardant concentrations were found with 30%, 20% and 10% of samples were predominated by OPFRs, NFRs and BFRs, respectively, and the remaining samples contained by two or more of the chemical groups occurring concurrently. Network and cluster analysis results indicated the existence of multiple sources of flame retardants in the indoor microenvironment. Estimated human daily intakes via indoor dust ingestion were approximately several tens of ng/kg bw/day and were below their respective reference dose values. Our results indicate widespread occurrence of multiple flame retardant families in indoor dust and suggest need for continued monitoring and efforts to reduce exposures through dust ingestion.

Dan Zhou,1 Mengqi Yan,1 Songtao Tang,2 Yingqing Feng1 1Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Community Health Center of Liaobu Community, Dongguan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yingqing Feng, Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 106 Zhongshan Two Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China, Email 1250780250@qq.comBackground: Diabetes is most commonly associated with aortic stiffness, but the importance of nondiabetic glucometabolic status for aortic stiffness (AS) in hypertension patients is unclear.Methods: We included 1065 hypertension patients without diabetes in a cohort study. Carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) > 10 m/s can broadly be defined as AS. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis are used to reveal the relationship between elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) and AS.Results: The 1065 hypertension patients (mean age 60 years) included 48% male, 22% smokers, 94.3% with anti-hypertensive drugs, 17.9% with AS, 80% with abdominal obesity, 42% with elevated triglycerides (TG), and 27% with elevated FBG. The mean values for office systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and central SBP/DBP were 130/85mmHg and 132/86mmHg. Mean cfPWV was 8.7m/s. Multiple regression analysis revealed that age, office SBP, and elevated FBG were independently related to AS in the whole hypertension. Elevated FBG had 1.6-fold risk of AS in hypertension patients compared with below the cutoff. In subgroup analysis, elevated FBG increased 2.68-fold risk for AS in those without metabolic syndrome (MS), not in MS. The area under curve (AUC) of office SBP was higher than central SBP for AS in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Conclusion: We found that elevated FBG was an independent risk factor for AS in hypertension patients without MS, although there was a high proportion of abdominal obesity. Office SBP was better than central SBP to assess AS in community hypertension.Keywords: aortic stiffness, hypertension, elevated plasma blood glucose, carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity

Two new compounds geobomlin A (1) and geobomlin B (2) were isolated from the roots of Stachys geobombycis C. Y. Wu. Structural determinations were established principally by two-dimensional NMR and MS data analyses. Geobomlin B showed moderate inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with IC50 = 248.77 μM. We have also determined the mechanism by which geobomlin B elicit its inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase, for which we have established a competitive inhibition mode. Docking studies confirmed our results on geobomlin B α-glucosidase inhibitory properties.

BackgroundApolipoprotein B (apoB), a significant component directly reflecting the number of atherogenic lipoprotein particles, gradually becomes a more conducive indicator to control blood lipids. However, epidemiological evidence on its relationship with mortality is limited, especially with all-cause mortality. MethodsParticipants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 2007-2014 were grouped according to the apoB quartiles (15-76, 77-92, 93-110, 111-345mg/dL). We performed Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier survival curves to evaluate the relationships of apoB with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Restricted cubic spline and piecewise linear regression were performed to detect their non-linear relationships. ResultsIn general, we enrolled 10375 participants among United States adults (mean age 46.3 ± 16.9, 47.88% men). On average, participants were followed up for 69.2 months, among whom 533 (5.14%) and 91 (0.88%) deaths were observed due to all -causes and cardiovascular diseases, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, apoB was independently associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.24). However, in the third quartile of apoB, the risk of all-cause death decreased significantly (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56-0.91). Moreover, the non-linear relationship between apoB and all-cause death demonstrated an increased risk at both low and high level apoB concentrations, divided by the threshold point of 108 mg/dl. Conclusion Elevated apoB was significantly associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular mortality, while its association with all-cause mortality was non-linear correlated, with an increased risk at both low and high apoB levels.

The solubilities of succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid in propionic acid + water solvent mixtures at 304.25–354.65 K, and in propionic acid + e-caprolactone + water solvent mixtures at 297.65–351.25 K were determined by the synthetic method at atmospheric pressure. The experimental data in propionic acid + water solvent mixtures were correlated by the modified Apelblat equation and modified nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model. The results showed that the calculated solubility data by the modified NRTL models had a better agreement with the experimental data, and the value of average relative deviation was 1.923%. And the solubilities of succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid in ternary propionic acid + e-caprolactone + water solvent mixtures predicted by the modified NRTL model agree with the experimentally determined results satisfactorily, which showed that the modified NRTL model would be suitable model for predicting the solubilities of succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid in propionic acid + e-caprolactone + water. Furthermore, the thermodynamic functions including dissolution enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy were obtained from the solubility data by using the van't Hoff equation.

The solubility of adipic acid (AA), glutaric acid (GA), and succinic acid (SA) in acetic acid (HAc) + cyclohexanol solvent mixtures was measured by the laser dynamic method. The experimental temper...

Microplastics have been widely detected in the effluent discharged from wastewater treatment plants. However, few studies have focused on the occurrence of microplastics in the sediments of waterbodies receiving reclaimed water. The present study investigated the microplastics distribution in the sediments of such a lake in Tianjin, China receiving reclaimed water and determined the factors affecting the settlement of microplastics in the sediment column. Nine sediment cores were collected and the abundance, shape, size, and color of the microplastics were determined. The polymers of microplastics were identified and the mass concentrations of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polycarbonate (PC) were analyzed. Large amount of microplastics were found to accumulate in the sediments of the lake receiving reclaimed water. Eighteen polymers were found in the sediments and PA, PET, PP, PSF, and PU are much more than others. In surface sediments, PET and PC ranged from 2.43 to 10.62 mg/kg and 0.03 to 0.77 mg/kg, respectively. Fragment and fiber are the most common shapes, accounting for 67.5% and 24.8% of all the microplastics. The distribution of microplastics was influenced by polymer type, size, shape, and grain size of the sediments. Microplastic morphological diversities decreased with increasing depth of the sediments. Our findings provide evidence that the sediments of receiving waterbodies are important sinks of the microplastics in reclaimed water.

The increase in the source and size of encrypted network traffic brings significant challenges for network traffic analysis. The challenging problem in the encrypted traffic classification field is obtaining high classification accuracy with small number of labeled samples. To solve this problem, we propose a novel encryption traffic classification method that learns the feature representation from the traffic structure and the traffic flow data in this paper. We construct a K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) traffic graph to represent the structure of traffic data, which contains more similarity information about the traffic. We utilize a two-layer Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) architecture for flows feature extraction and encrypted traffic classification. We further use the autoencoder to learn the representation of the flow data itself and integrate it into the GCN-learned representation to form a more complete feature representation. The proposed method leverages the benefits of the GCN and the autoencoder, which can obtain higher classification performance with only very few labeled data. The experimental results on two public datasets demonstrate that our method achieves impressive results compared to the state-of-the-art competitors.

Inland waters are the main medium transporting microplastics to the ocean. Aggregation, vertical settlement, and horizontal transport will occur when microplastics enter the inland waterbodies. This paper reviews these behaviors of microplastics in inland waters and their influencing factors. The aggregation of microplastics were divided into homogeneous aggregation and heterogeneous aggregation, which are critical for the settlement of microplastics. The settlement of microplastics in inland water bodies is influenced by microplastic properties (size, density, and shapes) and environmental conditions (microorganisms, sedimental properties, hydraulic conditions, and so on). Horizontal transport of microplastics in water is influenced by hydrologic conditions, rainfall, river morphologies, dams, vegetation, etc. Future perspectives including laboratory simulations and numerical models involving multiple factors, the behaviors of degradable plastics, and the influence of hydrologic conditions have been proposed.

A new strategy is presented to preclude aggregation and enhance water solubility of cyanine dyes. Namely, a heteroatom-containing substituent, for distorting molecular plane and increasing interaction with water molecules, is introduced to the methine chain of 2-thiazole orange (1, a monocyanine) via one-step, and 2-thiazole orange derivatives 2a-g are prepared accordingly. The X-ray crystal structures show that the molecular plane of 2a-g is drastically twisted, which reduces intermolecular π-π stacking. The derivatives 2a-g exhibit good to excellent water solubility and can be dissolved in aqueous phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at concentrations suitable for biomedical applications. No aggregation in aqueous PBS, relatively high molar extinction coefficients, and low solvatochromism of 2a-g are reflected by the UV-vis spectra. Compound 2b shows fast response and high selectivity for biothiols (Cys, Hcy, and GSH) in aqueous PBS and is further employed to detect endogenous biothiols with decent biocompatibility as demonstrated by live cell fluorescence imaging.

By dynamic laser method, the solubilities of succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid in propionic acid + e-caprolactone mixtures and propionic acid + cyclohexanone mixtures were determined under atmospheric pressure. The experimental temperature ranged from 283.95 to 340.45 K, and the mass fraction of propionic acid in the solvent mixtures ranged from 0.00 to 1.00 respectively. It was found that when the solvent composition is constant, the solubilities of succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid would increases with the increase of the temperature. What is more, at constant temperature, with the mass fraction of propionic acid in mixtures increasing, the solubilities of glutaric acid and adipic acid increase gradually, on the contrary, the solubility of succinic acid decrease gradually. The experimental data were correlated by the modified Apelblat equation and the modified nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient models. The maximum value of average relative deviation was 3.015%, which shows the values of the solubility calculated showed good agreement with the experimental observations. Furthermore, the thermodynamic functions including dissolution enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy were obtained from the solubility data by using the van't Hoff equation.

The D-π-A methine chain electrophilic substitution reactions for directly introducing some functional groups to the dipole conjugate chain, with mild conditions and good yields, are disclosed. This method is shown to efficiently replace the hydrogen on the D-π-A methine chain with an electrophile to synthesize methine-substituted Cy3.5 in one step.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a modern and noninvasive therapeutic approach, however, it relies on the development of photosensitizers. Here five new benzo[c,d]indole rhodamine complex merocyanines (BIRCM) D1-D5, displaying low dark toxicity and significant photo toxicity, were synthesized as PDT photosensitizers, and characterized by 1H NMR, IR, UV–Vis and HRMS. The investigation of their absorption spectra in different solvents showed that the absorption maxima and molar extinction coefficient were in the region 507–679 nm and 0.21 × 104–1.27 × 105 L · mol−1cm−1, respectively. The evaluation of PDT activity showed that only irradiation could not kill SMMC-7721 cells, and the cell survival rate and inhibition rate at the application dose and duration was 92%–87% and 78%–49%, respectively. Especially, using D2, absorbed in the red zone, as photosensitizer for PDT analyzed its effect on SMMC-7721 cells survival, it could be found that the cell survival rate was 92% without irradiating and the cell inhibited rate was 78% under irradiating at concentrations of 2.5 × 10−6 mol/L, displaying low dark toxicity and high photo toxicity, which was valuable for PDT of some microvascular diseases or other superficial diseases.

Three novel spiro N-oxidized pyrrolidone-appended hemicyanine derivatives have been synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV–Vis and HRMS. The molecular structures of spirocyclic dye 2a and its opening-ring product 2aa have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The UV–vis spectra show significant solvatochromic behavior of three spirocyclic derivatives, especially in acidic and alkaline solvents. Spirocyclic dye 2a displays an excellent pH dependent behavior and responds linearly to extreme acidic conditions in the pH ranges of 1-4. The absorption spectra studies on opening-ring reaction reveal that acid and heat dual stimulation can induce opening-ring of 2a, which exhibits temperature-responsive linear in the range of 25–45 °C, behaving a colorimetric thermometer sensing. These properties provide the possibility for 2a-c to be used as stimulating response molecule switch.

In this study, the solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE) data of succinic acid (SA) and glutaric acid (GA) and adipic acid (AA) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) and sulfolane were determined by using the method of dynamic laser at atmospheric pressure. The experimental SLE data indicates that within the temperature range studied (286.25–358.75 K), the solubilities of SA, GA and AA in above five solvents is proportional to the temperature. Meanwhile, three thermodynamic models (Apelblat model, λh model, the modified nonrandom two liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model) were used to correlate the experimental data, the results show that the correlated data is generally consistent with the experimental data. The result of Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) analysis filter out the best model for every system. In addition, the thermodynamic functions (dissolution enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs energy) were obtained from the SLE data by calculating the van't Hoff equation.

A convenient approach for the direct synthesis of meso-substituted thiazole orange (meso-TO) analogues has been unprecedentedly developed through the AlCl3-catalyzed reaction of parent TO with benzyl alcohol derivatives. Single-crystal X-ray structures show that the prepared new meso-TO analogues are nonplanar, forming a sharp contrast to planar TO. The spectral properties show that nonplanar meso-TO analogues do not aggregate, existing in monomer form (M) in PBS buffer, and have little effect of solvatochromism in different solvents. In comparison with the parents, meso-TO analogues exhibit a large Stokes shift, excellent light fastness, and inertness to singlet oxygen. A cellular association study demonstrates that incorporation of a benzyl group at the meso position methine of parent TO can decrease the cytotoxicity, change staining area in cells, and emit long-wavelength fluorescence for an extended time, which are useful for the development of smarter TOs for imaging in biological science.

The understanding of Goss texture in Hi-B electrical steels possesses significant industrial and academic value, thus attracts worldwide attention. The prevailing models for sharp Goss texture formation during secondary recrystallization are CSL (coincident site lattice) boundary theory and HE (high energy) boundary theory. These theories stress the key factor of preferred growth and the difference between them only lies in the specific selection manner. This work examined the texture gradient in primarily recrystallized sheet and demonstrated its possible influence on the formation of secondary grains, and then determined the micro-texture during different stages of secondary recrystallization using EBSD (electron back-scattered diffraction) technique, finally analyzed a special type of secondary grains with near Brass orientation, which were detected in the later stage of secondary recrystallization, and discussed its origin and effect in terms of surface energy effect. The results indicate that texture gradient in primarily recrystallized sheet will lead to a multi-stage formation of Goss texture, namely, early stage of secondary grains with various orientations in subsurface region, intermediate stage of preferred growth of Goss grains into center layer and re-grow back to the surface and the final stage of Goss grain growth by swallowing slowly the island grains with the help of H 2 atmosphere.

It is known that the network coding-aware routing could promote system performance by exploring network coding opportunities. In this paper, we analyze the benefits brought by the coding-aware routing in terms of energy efficiency. Specifically, we propose a novel Energy Efficient Coding-Aware Scheme (EECAS) that targets to minimize the total energy consumption of all nodes of wireless sensor networks for multiple unicast traffic-flow demands. Furthermore, by formulating a Minimum Time-cost Model (MTM), we propose a TDMA-based energy-efficient scheduling scheme at the MAC layer. Simulation results show that EECAS reduces at most 11% of energy compared to common routing scheme and 6% compared to traditional coding-aware routing scheme.

Energy harvesting from sun and outer space using thermoradiative devices (TRD), despite being promising renewable energy sources, are limited only to daytime and nighttime period, respectively. A system with 24-hour continuous energy generation remains an open question thus far. Here, we propose a TRD-based power generator that harvests solar energy via concentrated solar irradiation during daytime and via thermal infrared emission towards the outer space at nighttime, thus achieving the much sought-after 24-hour electrical power generation. We develop a rigorous thermodynamical model to investigate the performance characteristics, parametric optimum design, and the role of various energy loss mechanisms. Our model predicts that the TRD-based system yields a peak efficiency of 12.6\% at daytime and a maximum power density of 10.8 Wm$^{-2}$ at nighttime, thus significantly outperforming the state-of-art record-setting thermoelectric generator. These findings reveal the potential of TRD towards 24-hour electricity generation and future renewable energy technology., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures