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Scholars and industry stakeholders have exhibited an interest in identifying the underlying dimensions of viral memes. However, the recipe for creating a viral meme remains obscure. This study makes a phenomenological contribution by examining viral memes, exploring the antecedents (i.e., content-related factors, customer-related factors, and media-related factors), consequences, and moderating factors using a mixed-method approach. The study presents a holistic framework for creating viral memes based on the perceptions of customers and industry stakeholders. Four quantitative studies (i.e., a lab experiment, an online quasi-experiment, an event study, and a brand recall study) validate the theoretical model identified in the qualitative study. The research underlines the potential of viral memes in marketing communications as they enhance brand recall and brand engagement. The study found that viral memes are topical and highly relatable and are thus well received by the target groups, which increases customer engagement and brand recall. Marketers can adopt the findings of this study to design content for memes that consumers find relevant, iconic, humorous, and spreadable. Furthermore, marketers can use customer-related factors suggested in the theoretical framework for enhancing escapism, social gratification, and content gratification for their target customers which in turn shall organically increase their reach within their target segments and enhance brand performance in terms of brand recall and brand engagement.

A global scoping review of scholarly work about memes

Pitanje uloge književnosti se često postavlja u kontekstu kulturne vrijednosti i gleda se primarno kroz prizmu kulturnog djelovanja odvojenog od biološke podloge čovjeka. Sagledana u kulturnom kontekstu, uloga književnosti se mijenjala kroz povijest i uvijek je dobivala nove oblike, poigravala se sa starima, varirala teme i književne konvencije. Svako društvo je književnosti davalo određenu funkciju, pridodavalo joj je određena obilježja, određivalo za nju određeno mjesto i ulogu unutar kulture. Međutim svako društvo je imalo određenu potrebu za nekim načinom reprezentacije; izražavanjem stanja ili opisa pojave, za određenim fikcionalnim predlošcima, pričama temeljenima na neistinitim događajima. Ovaj rad namjerava kritički predstaviti biokulturološki pristup književnosti koji pokušava pronaći temelj za tumačenje književnosti ali i njezine uloge u razvoju čovjeka u teoriji evolucije. Knjiga On the Origin of Stories Briana Boyda poslužit će kao polazišna točka kako bismo napravili pregled onoga što se naziva biokulturološkim pristupom i njegovih glavnih teza, te ćemo zatim predstaviti osnovne teze memetičke teorije koju prvi predstavlja Dawkins, a na njega se nastavlja Susan Blackmore sa specifičnim odmakom od prvotne definicije mema. Na kraju ćemo ponuditi kritički osvrt na predstavljenu teoriju. The question of the role of literature is often presented in the context of cultural value and considered through the prism of cultural action independent of the biological underpinning of a human being. Considered in a cultural context, the role of literature has changed throughout history and has always been given new forms, it played with the old ones, varied the themes and the literary conventions. Every civilization gave a certain role to literature, ascribed to it certain features, set a certain place and role for it in the wider space of culture. However, every civilization had a certain drive for a way of representing things; expressing of a state or a description of a phenomenon, for certain basic fictional forms, for stories based on untrue events. This text aims to critically present the biocultural approach to literature which tries to find the foundation for interpreting literature, but also for its role in the development of the human beings, in the theory of evolution. The book On the Origin of Stories by Brian Boyd serves as an entry point to what is called the biocultural approach and its main points, and then we shall present the main points of the memetic theory first introduced by Dawkins, who is followed by Susan Blackmore and her specific departure from the initial definition of the meme. Finally, a critical review of the presented theories is given.

Feature Selection (FS) methods have been studied extensively in the literature, and there are a crucial component in machine learning techniques. However, unsupervised text feature selection has not been well studied in document clustering problems. Feature selection could be modelled as an optimization problem due to the large number of possible solutions that might be valid. In this paper, a memetic method that combines Differential Evolution (DE) with Simulated Annealing (SA) for unsupervised FS was proposed. Due to the use of only two values indicating the existence or absence of the feature, a binary version of differential evolution is used. A dichotomous DE was used for the purpose of the binary version, and the proposed method is named Dichotomous Differential Evolution Simulated Annealing (DDESA). This method uses dichotomous mutation instead of using the standard mutation DE to be more effective for binary purposes. The Mean Absolute Distance (MAD) filter was used as the feature subset internal evaluation measure in this paper. The proposed method was compared with other state-of-the-art methods including the standard DE combined with SA, which is named DESA in this paper, using five benchmark datasets. The F-micro, F-macro (F-scores) and Average Distance of Document to Cluster (ADDC) measures were utilized as the evaluation measures. The Reduction Rate (RR) was also used as an evaluation measure. Test results showed that the proposed DDESA outperformed the other tested methods in performing the unsupervised text feature selection.

This paper introduces a new memetic optimization algorithm called MeSA (Memetic Simulated Annealing) to address the data fitting problem with local-support free-form curves. The proposed method hybridizes simulated annealing with the COBYLA local search optimization method. This approach is further combined with the centripetal parameterization and the Bayesian information criterion to compute all free variables of the curve reconstruction problem with B-splines. The performance of our approach is evaluated by its application to four different shapes with local deformations and different degrees of noise and density of data points. The MeSA method has also been compared to the non-memetic version of SA. Our results show that MeSA is able to reconstruct the underlying shape of data even in the presence of noise and low density point clouds. It also outperforms SA for all the examples in this paper. This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under grants TEC2013-47141-C4-R (RACHEL) and #TIN2012-30768 (Computer Science National Program) and Toho University (Funabashi, Japan).

International audience; The aim of this paper is to provide a critical thinking against the classical tradecraft used by intelligence services in their fight against jihadism. By combining freely three concepts : emergence, memetics and conceptual integration, we propose a new theoretical model of analysis of the phenomenon of radicalization.; Dans cet article, nous proposons une piste de réflexion épistémologique sur le nécessaire renouvellement des grilles de lecture des services de renseignement face à des phénomènes qui ne répondent plus aux modèles classiques issus de la Guerre froide et, plus récemment, de la lutte contre les réseaux terroristes. Nous prendrons le cas de la lutte contre la radicalisation violente comme exemple des difficultés et des paradoxes auxquels sont aujourd’hui confrontés des services de renseignement toujours mieux équipés et pourtant souvent démunis face à ces phénomènes. En combinant trois concepts théoriques empruntés librement à diverses disciplines (émergence, mémétique et intégration conceptuelle), nous proposons un modèle théorique d’analyse des phénomènes de radicalisation.

Graph vertex coloring with a given number of colors is a well-known and much-studied NP-complete problem.The most effective methods to solve this problem are proved to be hybrid algorithms such as memetic algorithms or quantum annealing. Those hybrid algorithms use a powerful local search inside a population-based algorithm.This paper presents a new memetic algorithm based on one of the most effective algorithms: the Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm HEA from Galinier and Hao (1999).The proposed algorithm, denoted HEAD - for HEA in Duet - works with a population of only two individuals.Moreover, a new way of managing diversity is brought by HEAD.These two main differences greatly improve the results, both in terms of solution quality and computational time.HEAD has produced several good results for the popular DIMACS benchmark graphs, such as 222-colorings for \textless{}dsjc1000.9\textgreater{}, 81-colorings for \textless{}flat1000\_76\_0\textgreater{} and even 47-colorings for \textless{}dsjc500.5\textgreater{} and 82-colorings for \textless{}dsjc1000.5\textgreater{}., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, 2 algorithms

Split delivery vehicle routing problem is one of the traditional types of routing problems in which the demand of different points can be divided among vehicles and the objective is to minimize the path length, which vehicles travel. In this paper, fuel cost of vehicles which is assumed to be dependent on their traveled path and load is considered as the objective functions. Namely, the cost of the consumed fuel is proportionate to the unit of load carried per unit of distance. In order to solve the proposed model a new memetic algorithm is developed which has two rows. The performance of the proposed algorithm for 21 standard problems is compared with the optimum solutions obtained from mathematical programming standard solver and the solutions of the same algorithm with single row solution representation. The results express the efficiency of developed algorithm.

To improve the search ability of biogeography-based optimization (BBO), this work proposed an improved biogeography-based optimization based on Affinity Propagation. We introduced the Memetic framework to the BBO algorithm, and used the simulated annealing algorithm as the local search strategy. MBBO enhanced the exploration with the Affinity Propagation strategy to improve the transfer operation of the BBO algorithm. In this work, the MBBO algorithm was applied to IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) 2015 benchmarks optimization problems to conduct analytic comparison with the first three winners of the CEC 2015 competition. The results show that the MBBO algorithm enhances the exploration, exploitation, convergence speed and solution accuracy and can emerge as the best solution-providing algorithm among the competing algorithms.

E-Learning systems have proven to be fundamental in several areas of tertiary education and in business companies. There are many significant advantages for people who learn online such as convenience, portability, flexibility and costs. However, the remarkable velocity and volatility of modern knowledge due to the exponential growth of the World Wide Web, requires novel learning methods that offer additional features such as information structuring, efficiency, task relevance and personalization. This paper proposes a novel multi-agent e-Learning system empowered with (ontological) knowledge representation and memetic computing to efficiently manage complex and unstructured information that characterize e-Learning. In particular, differing from other similar approaches, our proposal uses 1) ontologies to provide a suitable method for modeling knowledge about learning content and activities, and 2) memetic agents as intelligent explorers in order to create in time and personalized e-Learning experiences that satisfy learners specific preferences. The proposed method has been tested by realizing a multi-agent software plug-in for an industrial e-Learning platform with experimentations to validate our memetic proposal in terms of flexibility, efficiency and interoperability. © 2010 IEEE.

Inspired by animals ability to learn and adapt to changes in their environment during life, hybrid evolutionary algorithms which include local optimization between generations have been developed and successfully applied in a number of research areas. Despite the possible benefits this kind of algorithm could have in the field of evolutionary robotics, very little research has been done on this topic. This thesis explores the effects of learning used in cooperation with a genetic algorithm to evolve control system parameters for a fixedmorphology robot, where learning corresponds to the application of a local search algorithm on individuals during evolution. Two types of lifetime learning were implemented and tested, i.e. Baldwinian and Lamarckian learning. On the direct results from evolution, Lamarckian learning showed promising results, with a significant increase in final fitness compared with the results from evolution without learning. Machine learning is sometimes used to reduce the reality gap between performance in simulation and the real world. Based on the possibility that individuals evolved with Baldwinian learning can develop a potential to learn, this thesis also examines if learning could be advantageous when such a method is used. On this topic, the results obtained in this thesis showed promise in some sample sets, but were inconclusive in others. In order to conclude in this matter, a larger quantity of samples would be necessary.

Orientadores: Christiano Lyra Filho, Celso Cavellucci Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação Resumo: Grande parte das falhas em sistemas elétricos de potência ocorrem por consequência de falhas permanentes nas redes de distribuição. Agências reguladoras definem índices de confiabilidade para quantificar e avaliar a qualidade da distribuição de energia. A violação dos limites estabelecidos podem resultar em multas significativas para a distribuidora de energia. Um dos objetivos ao se realizar a instalação de chaves em redes de distribuição é criar a possibilidade de re-energizar a maior quantidade de clientes no menor tempo possível através da transferência de carga para sistemas que não tiveram seu fornecimento de energia interrompido. Esta tese estuda o problema de alocação de chaves (PAC) em sistemas radiais de distribuição de energia elétrica e propõe a instalação otimizada desses dispositivos em locais apropriados das redes, a fim de melhorar a confiabilidade do sistema pela redução do período que os consumidores ficam sem energia. Uma metodologia baseada nos conceitos de algoritmo memético juntamente com uma população estruturada é proposta neste trabalho para alocar chaves seccionadoras e de manobra, manuais e automáticas, com diferentes capacidades. A função objetivo utilizada busca minimizar o custo de alocação das chaves e o custo da energia não distribuída sob restrições de confiabilidade e fluxo de carga em todos os componentes da rede. É apresentado também um estudo multiobjetivo para o PAC, que procura alocar chaves minimizando simultaneamente os custos de instalação das chaves e da energia não distribuída e maximizando a confiabilidade da rede, sob restrições de fluxos. A abordagem proposta para resolver o PAC mono-objetivo também foi utilizada no PAC multiobjetivo, juntamente com o método do ?-restrito. A metodologia proposta tem o seu bom desempenho confirmado por diferentes estudos de casos com redes reais de grande porte localizadas no estado de São Paulo Abstract: Most failures in electric power systems occur as a result of permanent faults in distribution networks. Regulatory agencies establish reliability standards indices for quantify and evaluate the quality of power distribution. The infringe of established limits can result in costly fines for the utility suppliers. One of the aim when perform the switches allocation in distribution networks is the possibility of re-energize the largest amount of customers in the shortest possible time by transferring load to other power systems which don¿t had their energy supply interrupted. This thesis studies the switch allocation problem (SAP) in radial systems of electrical power distribution and proposes an optimized installation of these devices in appropriate locations of network, in order to improve the reliability system by the reducing of the period that consumers remains without power. A methodology based on the concepts of memetic algorithm with a structured population is proposed in this thesis to allocate sectionalizing and tie switches of different capacities, with manual or automatic operation schemes. The objective function used seeks to minimize the switches allocation and the energy not supplied costs under constraints of reliability and load flow. A Multi-objective study for SAP is presented, to perform the switches allocation seeks minimize simultaneously the switches installation and energy not supplied costs and maximize the network reliability, under constraints of load flow. The proposed approach to solve the SAP monocriteria was also used in SAP multi-criteria along with the ?-constraint method. The proposed methodology has its good performance confirmed by several case studies with real large networks located in the state of São Paulo Doutorado Automação Doutora em Engenharia Elétrica

Today, VLSI design involves millions of components, the performance of which is sensitive to design time decisions. CAD software --- which must be both computationally fast, and able to produce near optimal solutions --- is used to handle the growing complexity of VLSI design. Utilizing modern commodity hardware, this Thesis empirically examines parallel methods for finding solutions to the VLSI Circuit Partitioning problem. We combine parallel methods with the Fidducia-Mattheyses, Memetic Algorithm, and Scatter Search advanced search techniques to find near optimal solutions in a reasonable amount of time. We examine a total nine algorithms, three sequential, and six parallel, to determine their effect on solution quality, and runtime. We developed both a Memetic Algorithm, and a Scatter Search algorithm for this investigation, and utilized two parallelization techniques, a Master-Slave design and a Multi-Walk design which implements migration. Experimental results indicate that our parallel techniques give competitive results that are suitable for VLSI design.

This work is about cultural evolution. Memetics and particularly Susan Blackmore's memetic approach is examined as an example of a Darwinian Theory of cultural evolution. It is questioned whether Susan Blackmore's account of cultural evolution has original insights and whether this account is sufficient for explaining the phenomenon of culture. Her account is examined theoretically and conceptually. This dissertation consists of four main parts. In the first part, the forerunners and the background of Susan Blackmore are outlined. In the second part, key points of Susan Blackmore's memetic approach are summarized. The third part is devoted to criticisms of Susan Blackmore's memetic approach from within the memetics and some of the shortcomings of it are reviewed. Finally, coherency of this memetic approach is evaluated in the perspective of social sciences and its implications for cultural studies are discussed. It is concluded that Blackmore's theory of cultural evolution that takes gene-based evolution as a model has a number of shortcomings to shed a proper light on the matter of culture. Bu çalışma kültürel evrimle ilgilidir. Bu tezde, bir Darwinci kültür teorisi olarak memetik ve özelde Susan Blackmore?un memetik yaklaşımı incelenmektedir. Susan Blackmore?un kültürel evrimci açıklamasının yeni kavrayışlar getirip getirmediği ve bu yaklaşımın kültür olgusunu açıklamadaki yeterliliği sorgulanmıştır. Onun yaklaşımı teorik ve kavramsal olarak incelenmiştir. Bu tez dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Susan Blackmore?un halefleri ve memetik yaklaşımının arkaplanı özetlenmiştir. İkinci bölümde, Susan Blackmore?un memetik yaklaşımının ana hatları özetlenmiştir. Üçüncü bölüm Susan Blackmore?un memetik yaklaşımının eksikliklerine ve memetik alanı içerisinde ona yapılan eleştirilere hasredilmiştir. Son olarak bu memetik yaklaşımın tutarlığı sosyal bilim perspektifinden değerlendirilmiş ve kültürel çalışmalar açısından sonuçları tartışılmıştır. Blackmore?un gen-merkezli evrim modelini temel alan kültürel evrim teorisinin kültür sorununa ışık tutamayacak kadar çok eksiklikleri olduğu sonucu çıkarılmıştır. 166

Interoperability is a key problem in agent-based systems where different interacting computational entities negotiate to achieve a common goal. In last years, this interoperability issue has been faced by exploiting the concept of ontology that enables a single agent to model its knowledge by means of a semantic description of a domain of interest. However, ontology ability to enable a full interoperability can be limited by the so-called semantic heterogeneity problem which arises when some discrepancies exist among ontologies modeling the knowledge related to different agents. As consequence, in order to enable an effective knowledge exchange, an ontology alignment process is necessary to lead proprietary ontologies to a mutual agreement. Recently, some studies have successfully investigated the suitability of memetic algorithms to solve this complex task. However, memetic algorithms are influenced by some design issues arising from the different choices that can be taken to implement them. The aim of this paper is to compare the performances yielded by different memetic ontology alignment systems in order to individuate the most suitable hybrid evolutionary approach which enables a strong agent interoperability. The comparison among the considered approaches is performed by applying a statistical multiple comparison procedure on a collection of ontologies belonging to the well-known Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) benchmarks. © 2012 IEEE.

Over recent years, there has been increasing interest of the research community towards evolutionary algorithms, i.e., algorithms that exploit computational models of natural processes to solve complex optimization problems. In spite of their ability to explore promising regions of the search space, they present two major drawbacks: 1) they can take a relatively long time to locate the exact optimum and 2) may sometimes not find the optimum with sufficient precision. Memetic Algorithms are evolutionary algorithms inspired by both Darwinian principles and Dawkins' notion of a meme, able not only to converge to high-quality solutions, but also search more efficiently than their conventional evolutionary counterparts. However, memetic approaches are affected by several design issues related to the different choices that can be made to implement them. This paper introduces a multiagent-based memetic algorithm which executes in a parallel way different cooperating optimization strategies in order to solve a given problem's instance in an efficient way. The algorithm adaptation is performed by jointly exploiting a knowledge extraction process together with a decision making framework based on fuzzy methodologies. The effectiveness of our approach is tested in several experiments in which our results are compared with those obtained by nonadaptive memetic algorithms. The superiority of the proposed strategy is manifest in the majority of cases. © 2011 IEEE.

Learning is a critical support mechanism for industrial and academic organizations to enhance the skills of employees and students and, consequently, the overall competitiveness in the new economy. The remarkable velocity and volatility of modern knowledge require novel learning methods offering additional features as efficiency, task relevance and personalization. Computational Intelligence methodologies can support e-Learning system designers in two different aspects: (1) they represent the most suitable solution able to support learning content and activities, personalized to specific needs and influenced by specific preferences of the learner and (2) they assist designers with computationally efficient methods to develop "in time" e-Learning environments. This article attempts to achieve both results by exploiting an ontological representations of learning environment and memetic approach of optimization, integrated into a cooperative distributed problem solving framework. This synergy enables multi-island memetic approach managing a collection of models and processes for adapting an e-Learning system to the learner expectations and to formulate objectives in an effective and dynamic intelligent way. More precisely, our proposal exploits ontological representations of learning environment and a memetic distributed problem-solving approach to generate the best learning presentation and, at the same time, minimize the computational efforts necessary to compute optimal learning experiences. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Learning is a critical support mechanism for industrial and academic organizations to enhance the skills of employees and students and, consequently, the overall competitiveness in the new economy. The remarkable velocity and volatility of modern knowledge require novel learning methods offering additional features as efficiency, task relevance and personalization. Our proposal attempts to deal with these additional features by exploiting an ontological representations of learning environment and a memetic approach of optimization, integrated into a cooperative distributed problem solving framework. In detail, this paper describes a novel multi-island memetic approach managing a collection of models and processes for adapting an e-Learning system to the learner expectations and to formulate objectives in a effective and dynamic intelligent way. © 2008 IEEE.

e-Learning is a critical support mechanism for industrial and academic organizations to enhance the skills of employees and students and, consequently, the overall competitiveness in the new economy. The remarkable velocity and volatility of modern knowledge require novel learning methods offering additional features as efficiency, task relevance and personalization. The main aim of adaptive eLearning is to support content and activities, personalized to specific needs and influenced by specific preferences of the learner. This paper describes a collection of models and processes for adapting an e-Learning system to the learner expectations and to formulate objectives in a dynamic intelligent way. Precisely, our proposal exploits ontological representations of learning environment and a memetic optimization algorithm capable of generating the best learning presentation in an efficient and qualitative way. © 2008 IEEE.

No considerar la cultura organizacional en el desarrollo de sistemas de información ocasiona algunos problemas, por ejemplo, dificultades en la implantación de dichos sistemas por cuanto sus usuarios no aceptan modificaciones en sus culturas de trabajo. Sin embargo, las actuales metodologías de diseño no contemplan factores culturales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los principales rasgos culturales compartidos por los usuarios de SI de una universidad argentina. Como resultado del trabajo realizado fue posible, por un lado, identificar los memes compartidos por los integrantes de la comunidad elegida, y por otro, categorizar tales memes según su grado de incidencia. Este trabajo pretende ser un paso inicial hacia la construcción de sistemas que evolucionen junto con la cultura de la organización en la que se encuentran insertos. Problems may arise when organizational culture is not considered in the development of information systems, such as difficulties in system implementation, since users do not accept changes in their work cultures. However, current methodology designs do not contemplate cultural factors. The objective of this investigation was to identify the main cultural features shared by the users of information systems in an Argentinean university. As result of this work it was possible to identify the memes shared by the members of the community selected, and to categorize such memes according to their incidence grade. This work seeks to be an initial step towards the construction of systems that evolve along with the organizational culture they are an integral part of.

The Values model was conceived to integrate complex system variables, as well as genetic and memetic (Dawkins 1976) variables. It is our belief that the interplay between genetic, memetic and environmental-demographic variables and their respective integration in the Values model algorithm, should enable us to better predict and estimate the possible developments within complex anthropological systems. The aim of this research is to investigate a model of interaction between environmental, genetic and memetic factors on individual, family and population levels through a combination of field data analysis and simulations developed by the Values model. The purpose of this research is to investigate the applicability of the Values model in simulations of complex systems and thus its applicability for future research in anthropocybernetics and related fields.

Truth and fiction on the Net Yannick Maignien The Internet and the World Wide Web are often praised for their prodigious informational power, but criticised at the same time for the difficulty of determining the veracity of information obtained. The present article attempts to reflect on the necessity of moving beyond this contradiction. With the advent of the Web, fundamental questions regarding the relation of language to the world are once again at stake. Thus, relationships of reference, denotation, veridiction, symbolic denotation and fiction, proposed by logical and analytic philosophy, should be increasingly employed. Moreover, the patterns of human behaviour underlying the Web could be more accurately analysed using pragmatic theories, in order to integrate procedural metadata. Finally, the question of the emergence of fictional or “possible” worlds within the Web heuristic seems essential if we hope to move beyond the error/truth dichotomy. Automatic linguistic tools (metalanguage, RDF syntax) must take into account richer logical dimensions than those currently envisaged. Date of publication: 25 November 2002, C'est fondamentalement le rapport linguistique au monde qui serait à nouveau en jeu avec le Web. Aussi les relations de référence, de dénotation, de véridiction, de dénotation symbolique et de fiction, apportées par la logique et la philosophie analytique devraient être plus mobilisées. Par ailleurs les conduites humaines, sous-jacentes au Web, devraient être mieux caractérisées à l'aide des théories pragmatiques, afin d'intégrer des métadonnées procédurales. Date de publication : 25 novembre 2002

The “ Values” model was conceived to integrate complex systems variables including genetic, memetic and demographic variables. Their respective integration in the “ Values” model algorithm should enable us to better predict and estimate possible developments within complex anthropological systems such as human communities. The aim of this investigation was to test the ability of the “ Values” model to approximately simulate the development and interaction of population size, kinship coefficient, environment and values within an imaginary population. The purpose of our research is to establish a basic model that could be used to simulate the behavior of complex anthropological systems, compare such simulations to available historical data for validation, predict demographic, socio-cultural, psychological and biological developments and finally set guidelines or suggestions for sustainable development of investigated communities.

Truth and fiction on the Net Yannick Maignien The Internet and the World Wide Web are often praised for their prodigious informational power, but criticised at the same time for the difficulty of determining the veracity of information obtained. The present article attempts to reflect on the necessity of moving beyond this contradiction. With the advent of the Web, fundamental questions regarding the relation of language to the world are once again at stake. Thus, relationships of reference, denotation, veridiction, symbolic denotation and fiction, proposed by logical and analytic philosophy, should be increasingly employed. Moreover, the patterns of human behaviour underlying the Web could be more accurately analysed using pragmatic theories, in order to integrate procedural metadata. Finally, the question of the emergence of fictional or “possible” worlds within the Web heuristic seems essential if we hope to move beyond the error/truth dichotomy. Automatic linguistic tools (metalanguage, RDF syntax) must take into account richer logical dimensions than those currently envisaged. Date of publication: 25 November 2002

A measurement of the cross section for e+e-→ hadrons using 11 000 hadronic decays of the Z boson at ten different center-of-mass energies is presented. A three-parameter fit gives the following values for the Z mass MZ, the total width ΓZ, the product of the electronic and hadronic partial widths ΓeΓh, and the unfolded pole cross section σ0: MZ = 91.171 ± 0.030 (stat.) ± 0.030 (beam) GeV, ΓZ = 2.511 ± 0.065 GeV, ΓeΓh = 0.148 ± 0.006 (stat.) ± 0.004 (syst.) GeV2, σ0 = 41.6 ± 0.7 (stat.) ± 1.1 (syst.) nb, Good agreement with the predictions of the standard model is observed. From a two-parameter fit the number of massless neutrino generations is found to be Nv = 2.91 ± 0.26. Thus the hypothesis of a fourth neutrino with mass less than 40 GeV is excluded with 95% confidence level. Combining the cross section measurements with the ratio Γl/Γh reported in another DELPHI paper [Phys. Lett. B 241 (1990) 425], the hadronic, leptonic and invisible widths are found to be Γh = 1741 ± 61 MeV, Γl = 85.1 ± 2.9 MeV, Γh/Γl = 20.45 ± 0.98, Γinv = 515 ± 54 MeV, in good agreement with the standard model., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Truth and fiction on the Net Yannick Maignien The Internet and the World Wide Web are often praised for their prodigious informational power, but criticised at the same time for the difficulty of determining the veracity of information obtained. The present article attempts to reflect on the necessity of moving beyond this contradiction. With the advent of the Web, fundamental questions regarding the relation of language to the world are once again at stake. Thus, relationships of reference, denotation, veridiction, symbolic denotation and fiction, proposed by logical and analytic philosophy, should be increasingly employed. Moreover, the patterns of human behaviour underlying the Web could be more accurately analysed using pragmatic theories, in order to integrate procedural metadata. Finally, the question of the emergence of fictional or “possible” worlds within the Web heuristic seems essential if we hope to move beyond the error/truth dichotomy. Automatic linguistic tools (metalanguage, RDF syntax) must take into account richer logical dimensions than those currently envisaged. Date of publication: 25 November 2002

Truth and fiction on the Net Yannick Maignien The Internet and the World Wide Web are often praised for their prodigious informational power, but criticised at the same time for the difficulty of determining the veracity of information obtained. The present article attempts to reflect on the necessity of moving beyond this contradiction. With the advent of the Web, fundamental questions regarding the relation of language to the world are once again at stake. Thus, relationships of reference, denotation, veridiction, symbolic denotation and fiction, proposed by logical and analytic philosophy, should be increasingly employed. Moreover, the patterns of human behaviour underlying the Web could be more accurately analysed using pragmatic theories, in order to integrate procedural metadata. Finally, the question of the emergence of fictional or “possible” worlds within the Web heuristic seems essential if we hope to move beyond the error/truth dichotomy. Automatic linguistic tools (metalanguage, RDF syntax) must take into account richer logical dimensions than those currently envisaged. Date of publication: 25 November 2002

Truth and fiction on the Net Yannick Maignien The Internet and the World Wide Web are often praised for their prodigious informational power, but criticised at the same time for the difficulty of determining the veracity of information obtained. The present article attempts to reflect on the necessity of moving beyond this contradiction. With the advent of the Web, fundamental questions regarding the relation of language to the world are once again at stake. Thus, relationships of reference, denotation, veridiction, symbolic denotation and fiction, proposed by logical and analytic philosophy, should be increasingly employed. Moreover, the patterns of human behaviour underlying the Web could be more accurately analysed using pragmatic theories, in order to integrate procedural metadata. Finally, the question of the emergence of fictional or “possible” worlds within the Web heuristic seems essential if we hope to move beyond the error/truth dichotomy. Automatic linguistic tools (metalanguage, RDF syntax) must take into account richer logical dimensions than those currently envisaged. Date of publication: 25 November 2002

Truth and fiction on the Net Yannick Maignien The Internet and the World Wide Web are often praised for their prodigious informational power, but criticised at the same time for the difficulty of determining the veracity of information obtained. The present article attempts to reflect on the necessity of moving beyond this contradiction. With the advent of the Web, fundamental questions regarding the relation of language to the world are once again at stake. Thus, relationships of reference, denotation, veridiction, symbolic denotation and fiction, proposed by logical and analytic philosophy, should be increasingly employed. Moreover, the patterns of human behaviour underlying the Web could be more accurately analysed using pragmatic theories, in order to integrate procedural metadata. Finally, the question of the emergence of fictional or “possible” worlds within the Web heuristic seems essential if we hope to move beyond the error/truth dichotomy. Automatic linguistic tools (metalanguage, RDF syntax) must take into account richer logical dimensions than those currently envisaged. Date of publication: 25 November 2002

No considerar la cultura organizacional en el desarrollo de sistemas de información ocasiona algunos problemas, por ejemplo, dificultades en la implantación de dichos sistemas por cuanto sus usuarios no aceptan modificaciones en sus culturas de trabajo. Sin embargo, las actuales metodologías de diseño no contemplan factores culturales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los principales rasgos culturales compartidos por los usuarios de SI de una universidad argentina. Como resultado del trabajo realizado fue posible, por un lado, identificar los memes compartidos por los integrantes de la comunidad elegida, y por otro, categorizar tales memes según su grado de incidencia. Este trabajo pretende ser un paso inicial hacia la construcción de sistemas que evolucionen junto con la cultura de la organización en la que se encuentran insertos. Problems may arise when organizational culture is not considered in the development of information systems, such as difficulties in system implementation, since users do not accept changes in their work cultures. However, current methodology designs do not contemplate cultural factors. The objective of this investigation was to identify the main cultural features shared by the users of information systems in an Argentinean university. As result of this work it was possible to identify the memes shared by the members of the community selected, and to categorize such memes according to their incidence grade. This work seeks to be an initial step towards the construction of systems that evolve along with the organizational culture they are an integral part of.

The Hypergraph Partitioning (HGP) problem is a well-studied problem that finds applications in a variety of domains. In several application domains, such as the VLSI design and database migration planning, the quality of the solution is more of a concern than the running time of the algorithm. In this work, we introduce novel problem-specific recombination and mutation operators and develop a new multilevel memetic algorithm by combining these operators with kKaHyPar-E. The performance of our algorithm is compared with the state-of-the-art HGP algorithms on 150 real-life instances taken from the benchmark sets used in the literature. The experiments reveal that our algorithm outperforms all others, and finds the best solutions in 112, 115, and 125 instances in 2, 4, and 8 hours, respectively. © 2022 Owner/Author.