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Background and aims: The association between adiposity measures and dyslipidemia has seldom been assessed in a multipopulational setting. Methods and results: 27 populations from Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Canada (WHO MONICA project) using health surveys conducted between 1990 and 1997 in adults aged 35-64 years (n = 40,480). Dyslipidemia was defined as the total/HDL cholesterol ratio >6 (men) and >5 (women).Overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 25% in men and 23% in women. Logistic regression showed that dyslipidemia was strongly associated with body mass index (BMI) in men and with waist circumference (WC) in women, after adjusting for region, age and smoking. Among normal-weight men and women (BMI84.8 cm) in normal-weight men, menopause in women and regular smoking further defined subgroups at increased risk. Conclusion: standard categories of BMI and WC, or their combinations, do not lead to optimal risk stratification for dyslipidemia in middle-age adults. Sex-specific adaptations are necessary, in particular by taking into account abdominal obesity in normal-weight men, post-menopausal age in women and regular smoking in both sexes

Quinqueloculina triangularis d’Orbigny, 1846 Fig. 2F Quinqueloculina triangularis: d’Orbigny 1846: 288, pl. 18, figs 7–9; Hedley et al. 1967: 26, 27; McMillan 1990 b: 138, figs 5G, 5H. Material examined: A27392. Distribution: Cosmopolitan, inner shelf, littoral. First living record of the species for South Africa at Sea Point., Published as part of Toefy, R., Gibbons, M. J. & McMillan, I. K., 2005, The foraminifera associated with the alga Gelidium pristoides, South Africa, pp. 1-26 in African Invertebrates 46 on page 5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7664789

Toefy, R., Gibbons, M. J., McMillan, I. K. (2005): The foraminifera associated with the alga Gelidium pristoides, South Africa. African Invertebrates 46: 1-26, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7664789, {"references":["ACHESON, R., SCHNEIDER, R.R. & KROON, D. 1999. High resolution planktonic foraminiferal records from the southern Cape Basin, evidence for regional and global climate change. European Union of Geosciences, Journal of Conference Abstracts 4 (1): 211.","ALBANI, A.D. 1965. The foraminifera in a sample dredged from the vicinity of Salisbury Island, Durban Bay, South Africa. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research 16 (2): 60-66.","------1979. Recent shallow water foraminifera from New South Wales. AMSA Handbook 3. Sydney: Australian Marine Sciences Association.","ALBANI, A.D., HAYWARD, B.W., GRENFELL, H.R. & LOMBARDO, R. 2001. Foraminifera from the South West Pacific. Australian Biological Resources Study. CD-ROM -ISBN 0 7334 1835 X.","ASANO, K. 1936. Fossil foraminifera from Muraoka-mura, Kamakura gori, Kanagawa Prefecture. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 43 (515): 603-615.","ATKINSON, K.A. 1969.The association of living foraminifera with algae from the littoral zone, South Cardigan Bay, Wales. Journal of Natural History 3: 517-542.","BARKER, R.W. 1960. Taxonomic notes on the species figured by H.B. Brady in his report on the Foraminifera dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Society of Economic Palaeontologist and Mineralogist Special Publication 9. Tulsa, Oklahoma.","BE, A.W.H. 1960. Some observations on arctic planktonic foraminifera. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research 11 (2): 64-68.","BE, A.W.H., VILKS, G. & LOTT, L. 1971. Winter distribution of planktonic foraminifera between the Grand Banks and the Caribbean. Micropaleontology 17 (1): 31-42.","BOLTOVSKOY, E. 1959. Foraminiferos recientes del sur de Brasil y sus relaciones con los de Argentina e India del Oeste. Servicio de Hidrografiea Naval H1005: 1-124.","------1963.The littoral foraminiferal biocoenoses of Puerto Deseado (Patagonia,Argentina). Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research 14 (2): 58-70.","------1970. Distribution of the littoral foraminifera in Argentina, Uruguay and Southern Brazil. Marine Biology 40: 335-344.","BOLTOVSKOY, E. & LENA, H. 1966. Unrecorded foraminifera from the littoral of Puerto Deseado. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research 17: 144-149.","BOLTOVSKOY, E., LENA, H. & ASENI, A. 1976. Algae as a substrate for foraminifera in the Porto Deseado area (Patagonia). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 18: 140-148.","BOLTOVSKOY, E. & WRIGHT, R. 1976. Recent foraminifera. The Hague: Dr W. Junk.","BORNEMANN, J.G. 1855.Die mikroskopische Fauna des Septarienthones von Hermsdorf bei Berlin. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, Berlin 7: 307-371, pls 12-21.","BRADY, H.B. 1870. With an analysis and descriptions of the foraminifera.In: Brady, G.S. and Robertson, D., eds, The Ostracoda and Foraminifera of tidal rivers. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4 (6): 273-309.","------1884. Report on the Foraminifera dredged by the HMS Challenger, during the years 1873-1876. Reports of the scientific results of the HMS Challenger, Zoology 9: 1-814.","BRANCH, G.M. & GRIFFITHS, C.L. 1988. The Benguela ecosystem. Part V. The coastal zone. Oceanographic and Marine Biological Annual Review 26: 395-486.","BRASIER, M.D. 1975. Ecology of recent sediment-dwelling and phytal foraminifera from the lagoons of Barbuda, West Indies. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 5: 42-62.","BROWN, A.C. & JARMAN, N. 1978. Coastal Marine Habitats. In: Werger, M.J.A., ed., Biogeography and ecology of Southern Africa. The Hague: Dr W. Junk, pp. 1239-1277.","CHAPMAN, F. 1923. On some foraminifera and ostracoda from the Cretaceous of Uzamba River, Pondoland. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa 26: 1-6.","------1924. A first report of foraminifera collected by the S. African Government Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey. Union of South Africa Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report 3, Special Report XI (for 1922): 1-19.","CIFELLI, R. 1982. Textural observations on some living species of planktonic foraminifera. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 45: 1-45.","CIFELLI, R. & SMITH, R.K. 1970. Distribution of planktonic foraminifera in the vicinity of the north Atlantic current. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 4: 1-52.","COOPER, J.A.G. & MCMILLAN, I.K. 1987. Foraminifera of the Mngeni estuary, Durban and their sedimentological significance. South African Journal of Geology 90 (4): 489-498.","CUSHMAN, J.A. 1911 A monograph of the foraminifera of the North Pacific ocean, part 2. Textulariidae. Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum Bulletin 71 (2): 1-108.","------1913. A monograph of the foraminifera of the North Pacific ocean, part 3. Lagenidae. Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum Bulletin 71 (3): 1-125.","------1914. A monograph of the foraminifera of the North Pacific ocean, part 4. Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum Bulletin 71 (4): 1-46.","------1922. Shallow-water foraminifera of the Tortugas region. Publications Carnegie Institution of Washington 311: 1-85.","------1923. The foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part 4, Lagenidae. US National Museum Bulletin 104 (4): 1-228.","------1930. A resume of new genera of the foraminifera erected since early 1928. Contributions from the Cushman laboratory for Foraminiferal research 6 (1): 73-94.","------1931. The foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part 8: Rotaliidae. US National Museum Bulletin 104 (8): 1-179.","------1933. Some new Recent foraminifera from the tropical Pacific. Contributions from the Cushman laboratory for Foraminiferal research 9 (4): 77-95.","------1939. A monograph of the foraminiferal family Nonionidae. United States Geological Survey professional paper 191: 1-100.","------1959. Foraminifera: their classification and economic use. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.","CUSHMAN, J.A. & OZAWA, Y. 1930. A monograph of the foraminiferal family Polymorphinidae. Recent and fossil. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 77 (2829): 1-85.","DALE, D.C. & MCMILLAN, I.K. 1998. Mud belt and middle shelf benthonic and planktonic foraminiferal assemblages and sedimentation processes compared through the Holocene successions at two tropical African (Sierra Leone) and two temperate African (western offshore, South Africa) sites. South African Journal of Science 94 (7): 319-340.","------1999. On the beach: A field guide to the Late Cainozoic micropalaeontological history, Saldanha region, South Africa. Cape Town: Hirt & Carter Press.","DAY, J.H. 1970. The biology of False Bay, South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 39: 211-221.","EARLAND, A. 1934. Foraminifera, Part III: The Falklands sector of the Antarctic (excluding South Georgia). Discovery Reports 10: 1-208.","EHRENBERG, C.G. 1845. Uber das kleinste organische leben an mehren bischer nicht untersuchten erdpunkten, mikroskopische lebensformen von Portugal, und Spanien, Sud Afrika, hinter-Indien, Japan und Kurdistan. Monatsbericht der Konigliche Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Bericht: 357-381.","------1861. Uber die Tiefgrund-Verhaltnisse des Oceans am Eingange des Davisstrasse und bei Island. Monatsbericht der Konigliche Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Bericht: 275-315.","------1863. Beitrag zur kenntnis der unterseeischen Agulhas-Bank an der Sudspitze Afrikas al seines sich kundgebenden grunsandigen polythalamien-kalkfelsens. Monatsbericht der Konigliche Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Bericht (10 August 1863): 357-381.","FEYLING- HANSSEN, R.W. 1964. Foraminifera in Late Quaternary deposits from Oslofjord area. Norges geologiske unders gelse 225: 1-383.","FICHTEL, L. VON & MOLL, J.P. VON. 1798. Testacea Microscopa, aliaque minuta ex generibus Argonauta et Nautilus, ad naturam delineate et descripta (Mikroscopische und andere kleine Schalthiere aus den Gesclechtern Argonaute und Schiffer, nach der Natur gezeichnet und beschrieben). Vienna: Camesina.","HAYNES, J.R. 1973. Further remarks on the Cardigan Bay foraminifera. University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, Department of Geology Publications 4: 1-17.","------1981. Foraminifera. London & Basingstoke: MacMillan.","HAYWARD, B.W., GRENFELL, H.R., REID, C.M. & HAYWARD, K.A. 1999. Recent New Zealand shallow-water benthic foraminifera: taxonomy, ecological distribution, biogeography and use in paleoenvironmental assessments. Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences monograph 21. Lower Hutt, New Zealand: Institutes of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited.","HAYWARD, B.W., HOLLIS, C.J. & GRENFELL, H.R. 1997. Recent Elphidiidae (Foraminiferida) of the south-west Pacific and fossil Elphidiidae of New Zealand. Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences monograph 16. Lower Hutt, New Zealand: Institutes of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited.","HEDLEY, R.H., HURDLE, C.M. & BURDETT, I.D.J. 1964. Trochammina squamata Jones and Parker (foraminifera) with observations on some closely related species. New Zealand Journal of Science 7 (3): 417-426.","------1967. The marine fauna of New Zealand: intertidal foraminifera of the Corallina officinalis zone. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 38: 9-86.","HERON- ALLEN, E. & EARLAND, A. 1915. The foraminifera of the Kerimba Archipelago (Portuguese East Africa), Part II, Transactions of the Zoological Society, London 20 (17): 543-795.","------1922. Protozoa, Part II: Foraminifera. British Antarctic Terra Nova Expedition, 1910 (Zoology) 6 (2): 25-268.","------1930. The foraminifera of the Plymouth district, I and II. Journal of the Royal Microscopic Society, London 3 (50): 46-84, 161-199.","------1932. Foraminifera, Part I: The ice-free area of the Falkland Islands and adjacent seas. Discovery Reports 4: 291-460.","HOGLUND, H. 1947. Foraminifera in the Gullmar Fjord and the Skagerak. Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 26: 1-328.","JONES, T.R. & PARKER, W. K. 1860. On the Rhizopodal Fauna of the Mediterranean, compared with that of the Italian and some other tertiary deposits. Quaternary Journal of the Geological Society of London 16: 292-307.","KEMLE- VON MUCKE, S. & HEMLEBEN, C. 1999. Foraminifera. In: Boltovskoy, D., ed., South Atlantic Zooplankton. Vol 1. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers, pp. 43-73.","KITAZATO, H. 1988. Ecology of benthic foraminifera in the tidal zone of a rocky shore. Revue de Paleobiologie 2: 815-825.","LAMARCK, J.B.P.A. DE M. 1804. Suites des memoires sur les fossils des environs de Paris. Explication des planches relatives aux coquilles fossils des environs de Paris. Annales du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 5: 179-188, 237-245, 349-357.","LANKFORD, R.R. & PHLEGER, F.B. 1973. Foraminifera from the nearshore turbulent zone, western North America. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 3 (3): 101-132.","LEVY, A., MATHIEU, R., MOMENI, I., POIGNANT, A., ROSSET- MOULINIER, M., ROUVILLOIS, A. & UBALDO, M. 1979. Revision de quelques genres de la famille Discorbidae (Foraminiferida) fondee sur l'observation de leur architecture interne. Revue de Micropaleontologie 22 (2): 66-68.","LINNE, C. VON. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines genera, specis, cum characteribus, differentiis, synomymis, locis 1. (Tenth edition) Stockholm: L. Salvius.","LOEBLICH, A.R. & TAPPAN, H. 1953. Studies of Arctic foraminifera. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 121 (7): 1-150.","------1964. Sarcodina, chiefly thecamoebians and foraminiferida. In: Moore, R.C., ed., Treatise of Invertebrate Paleontology, Protista 2, part C. Lawrence: Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.","------1988. Foraminiferal genera and their classification. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.","MARTIN, R. A. 1974. Benthonic foraminifera from the western coast of southern Africa. Joint Geological Survey of South Africa/ University of Cape Town Marine Geology Programme Technical Report 6: 83-87.","------1981. Benthic foraminifera from the Orange-Luderitz shelf, southern African continental margin. Joint Geological Survey of South Africa/ University of Cape Town Marine Geoscience Unit, Bulletin 11: 1-75.","MCMILLAN, I.K. 1987a. Late Quaternary foraminifera from the southern part of offshore South West Africa/ Namibia. PhD thesis, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth.","------1987b. The genus Ammonia Brunnich, 1772 (Foraminiferida) and its potential for elucidating the latest Cainozoic stratigraphy of South Africa. South African Journal of Science 83 (1): 32-42.","------1990a. A foraminiferal biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy for the Pliocene to Pleistocene Upper Algoa Group, Eastern Cape, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 93 (4): 622-644.","------1990b. Foraminifera from the late Pleistocene (latest Eemian to earliest Weichselian) shelly sands of Cape Town city centre, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 99 (5): 121-186.","MONTAGU, G. 1803. Testacea Britannica, or Natural History of Bristish Shells, marine land and freshwater. Romsey: J. S. Hollis, 3 vols.","MURRAY, J. 1889. On marine deposits in the Indian, Southern and Arctic Oceans. Scottish Geographical Magazine 5 (8): 405-436.","MURRAY, J.W. 1970. Foraminifers of the western approaches to the English channel. Micropaleontology 16 (4): 471-485.","------1971. An Atlas of British Recent Foraminiferids. London: Heinemann.","------1991. Ecology and Palaeoecology of benthic foraminifera. New York: Longman Scientific and Technical.","NORMAN, A.M. 1878. On the genus Haliphysema with a description of several forms apparently allied to it. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 5 (1): 265-284.","ORBIGNY, A.D.D'. 1826.Tableau methodique de la classe des Cephalopodes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles (1) 7 (2): 245-314.","------1839a. Voyage dans l'Amerique meridionale-Foraminiferes 5 (5). Paris: Pitois-Levrault et Cie; Strasbourg: V. Levrault, pp. 1-86.","------1839b. Foraminiferes. In: Sagra, R. De La. Histoire physique, politique et naturelle d l'Ile de Cuba. Paris: Bertrand, pp.1-224.","------1846. Foraminiferes Fossiles du Bassin Tertiaire de Vienne (Autriche). Paris: Cide et Cie.","------1852. Prodrome de paleontology stratigraphique universelle des animaux mollusques et rayonnes 3. Paris: V. Masson, pp. 1-196.","PARKER, F.L. 1952. Foraminifera species off Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 106 (9): 391-423.","PARKER, W.K.& JONES, T.R. 1865. On some Foraminifera from the North Atlantic and arctic Oceans, including Davis Straits and Baffin's Bay. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London 155 (1): 325-441.","PARR, W.J. 1958. The foraminifera of the Bluff beds, Durban and some other South African calcareous coastal rocks. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa 61: 103-109.","PEARCEY, F.G. 1908. On the genus Botellina (Carpenter), with a description of a new species. Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society 17 (2): 185-194.","POAG, C.W. 1978. Paired foraminiferal ecophenotypes in Gulf Coast estuaries: ecological and paleoecological implications. Transactions of the Gulf-Coast Association of Geological Societies 28 (2): 395-421.","ROGERS, J. & BREMNER, J.M. 1991. The Benguela Ecosystem. Part VII. Marine-Geological Aspects. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review 29: 1-85.","ROSSET- MOULINIER, M. 1972. Etude des Foraminiferes des Cotes nord et ouest de Bretagne. Travail du Laboratoire Geologique, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris 6: 1-225.","SMITTER, Y.H. 1956. Chitinosaccus, a new foraminiferal genus of the Allogromiidae from Santa Lucia Bay, Zululand. South African Journal of Science 52 (11): 258-259.","TERQUEM, O. 1875. Essai sur le classement des animaux qui vivent sur le plage et dans les environs de Dunkerquoise: Deuxieme Fascicule 1: 1-54. Paris: Terquem.","TOEFY, R., MCMILLAN, I.K. & GIBBONS, M.J. 2003. The effect of wave exposure on the foraminifera of Gelidium pristoides. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, UK 83: 705-710.","UJIIE, H. 1966. Shell structure of Japanese smaller foraminifera. Part 2: Pararotalia nipponica (Asano, 1936). Transactions and Proceedings of the Paleontological Society of Japan (n.s.) 61: 191-200.","WALKER, G. & BOYS, G. 1784. Testacea minuta rariora nuperrime detecta in arena littoris sandvicensis. (A collection of minute and rare shells lately discovered in the sand of the sea-shore near Sandwich.) London: Walker, G.","WALKER, G. & JACOB, E. 1798. Essays on the Microscope, containing a practical description of the most improved microscopes: a general history of Insects.A description of 379 animalcula & v. London: Dillion & Keating.","WILLIAMSON, W.C. 1858. On the recent foraminifera of Great Britain. London: Walker, G.","WRIGHT, J. 1886. Foraminifera of the Belfast Naturalists' Field Club's cruise off Belfast Lough, in the steam tug \"Protector\", June 1885; also foraminifera found by Dr. Malcolmson, at Rockport, Belfast Lough. Proceedings of the Belfast Naturalists' Field Club, (1885-6), Appendix: 317-326.","WRIGHT, C.I., MCMILLAN, I.K. & MASON, T.R. 1990. Foraminifera and sedimentation patterns in St. Lucia estuary mouth, Zululand, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 93 (4): 592-601."]}

Cibicides lobatulus (Walker & Jacob, 1798) Fig. 6K Nautilus lobatulus: Walker & Jacob 1798: 642, pl. 14, fig. 36. Cibicides lobatulus: Cushman 1931: 118, pl. 21, figs 3a–c; 1959: 551, pl. 36, fig. 11; Parker 1952: fig. 26; Rosset-Moulinier 1972: 181, pl. 11, figs 9, 10; Haynes 1981: 268, figs 8–10. Material examined A27423. Distribution: Cosmopolitan. Shelf to littoral. Around South Africa from Sea Point to Port Elizabeth. Recorded by McMillan (1987 a) from the coast of Namibia and by Dale and McMillan (1999) from the west coast of South Africa., Published as part of Toefy, R., Gibbons, M. J. & McMillan, I. K., 2005, The foraminifera associated with the alga Gelidium pristoides, South Africa, pp. 1-26 in African Invertebrates 46 on pages 20-21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7664789, {"references":["WALKER, G. & JACOB, E. 1798. Essays on the Microscope, containing a practical description of the most improved microscopes: a general history of Insects. A description of 379 animalcula & v. London: Dillion & Keating.","PARKER, F. L. 1952. Foraminifera species off Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 106 (9): 391 - 423.","MCMILLAN, I. K. 1987 a. Late Quaternary foraminifera from the southern part of offshore South West Africa / Namibia. PhD thesis, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth."]}

Brizalina “ rocklandsensis ” McMillan, 1987 Fig. 4K Brizalina “ rocklandsensis ”: McMillan 1987 a: 299, pl. 11, figs 3–9. Description: Test initially weakly compressed becoming strongly compressed in final part. Test increases rapidly in width in early part, maximum width in final chambers. Periphery rounded becoming sub-acute. Elongate and tapering strongly. Smooth wall with very large pores, not appearing to be arranged in a particular way. Aperture is terminal. Width = 250 µm, height = 362.5 µm, width:height = 0.69:1. Material examined: A27408. Distribution: Around South Africa from St James to Port Elizabeth. This species was first examined and described by McMillan (1987 a) from vibracores retrieved off the coast of Namibia., Published as part of Toefy, R., Gibbons, M. J. & McMillan, I. K., 2005, The foraminifera associated with the alga Gelidium pristoides, South Africa, pp. 1-26 in African Invertebrates 46 on page 13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7664789, {"references":["MCMILLAN, I. K. 1987 a. Late Quaternary foraminifera from the southern part of offshore South West Africa / Namibia. PhD thesis, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth."]}

Elphidium excavatum (Terquem, 1875) Fig. 6F Polystomella excavata: Terquem 1875: 25, pl. 2, figs 2a–f. Elphidium excavatum: Feyling-Hanssen 1972: 339–344, pl. 1–6; Hayward et al. 1997: 76, pl. 8, figs 14–17, pl. 9, figs 1–8. Material examined: A27407. Distribution: Cosmopolitan. Around South Africa from Sea Point to Port Elizabeth. Recorded by McMillan (1987 a) from the coast of Namibia and by Dale and McMillan (1999) from the west coast of South Africa., Published as part of Toefy, R., Gibbons, M. J. & McMillan, I. K., 2005, The foraminifera associated with the alga Gelidium pristoides, South Africa, pp. 1-26 in African Invertebrates 46 on page 18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7664789, {"references":["TERQUEM, O. 1875. Essai sur le classement des animaux qui vivent sur le plage et dans les environs de Dunkerquoise: Deuxieme Fascicule 1: 1 - 54. Paris: Terquem.","HAYWARD, B. W., HOLLIS, C. J. & GRENFELL, H. R. 1997. Recent Elphidiidae (Foraminiferida) of the south-west Pacific and fossil Elphidiidae of New Zealand. Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences monograph 16. Lower Hutt, New Zealand: Institutes of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited.","MCMILLAN, I. K. 1987 a. Late Quaternary foraminifera from the southern part of offshore South West Africa / Namibia. PhD thesis, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth."]}

Bolivina “ fossa ” McMillan, 1987 Fig. 4F Bolivina “ fossa ”: McMillan 1987 a: 285–286, pl. 10, figs 9–13. Description: Test slightly compressed, increasing in width in early part of test, becoming almost parallel-sided, maximum width at final chambers. Wall has moderate to coarse perforations. Periphery broadly rounded with outline irregular, becoming lobate near final chambers. Chambers arranged biserially. Sutures initially indistinct becoming distinct and depressed. Aperture sub-terminal, narrow and elongate-ovate shape. Channel-like depression from proloculus to final pair of chambers. Width = 73.33 µm, height = 120 µm, width:height = 0.61:1. Material examined: A27392. Distribution: Around South Africa from Sea Point to Port Elizabeth. This species was first described and named by McMillan (1987 a) from samples retrieved off the coast of Namibia., Published as part of Toefy, R., Gibbons, M. J. & McMillan, I. K., 2005, The foraminifera associated with the alga Gelidium pristoides, South Africa, pp. 1-26 in African Invertebrates 46 on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7664789, {"references":["MCMILLAN, I. K. 1987 a. Late Quaternary foraminifera from the southern part of offshore South West Africa / Namibia. PhD thesis, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth."]}

Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (Ehrenberg, 1861) Fig. 6J Aristerospira pachyderma: Ehrenberg 1861: 303. Globigerina pachyderma: Bé 1960: 64–68. Globoquadrina pachyderma: Cifelli 1982: 9, pl. 12, figs 2, 3. Neogloboquadrina pachyderma: Kemle-von Mücke & Hemleben 1999: 66, fig. 6.27; Dale & McMillan 1999: 65, pl. 30, fig. 1. Material examined: A27426. Distribution: This species is nearly restricted to polar water masses, and is often the only planktic species in Antarctic and Arctic waters. Around South Africa, Sea Point. Recorded by McMillan (1987 a) from the coast of Namibia and by Dale and McMillan (1999) and Rogers and Bremner (1991) from the west coast of South Africa., Published as part of Toefy, R., Gibbons, M. J. & McMillan, I. K., 2005, The foraminifera associated with the alga Gelidium pristoides, South Africa, pp. 1-26 in African Invertebrates 46 on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7664789, {"references":["BE, A. W. H. 1960. Some observations on arctic planktonic foraminifera. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research 11 (2): 64 - 68.","CIFELLI, R. 1982. Textural observations on some living species of planktonic foraminifera. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 45: 1 - 45.","KEMLE- VON MUCKE, S. & HEMLEBEN, C. 1999. Foraminifera. In: Boltovskoy, D., ed., South Atlantic Zooplankton. Vol 1. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers, pp. 43 - 73.","MCMILLAN, I. K. 1987 a. Late Quaternary foraminifera from the southern part of offshore South West Africa / Namibia. PhD thesis, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth.","ROGERS, J. & BREMNER, J. M. 1991. The Benguela Ecosystem. Part VII. Marine-Geological Aspects. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review 29: 1 - 85."]}

Administration of 1 ml of donor whole blood 7 d before renal transplantation produces long-term (greater than 100 d) graft survival in the DA (RT1a) into PVG (RT1c) rat strain combination. Using this model, the pattern and phenotype of infiltrating leukocytes were examined in rejecting and enhanced renal allografts, at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after transplantation, by immunohistologic techniques. Paradoxically, enhanced grafts showed a more rapid and substantial leukocyte infiltrate, the phenotype of which was similar to that in rejecting grafts except for a reduced number of MRC OX-8+ cells and MRC OX-39+ cells. Graft infiltrating cells and splenocytes from transfused animals showed similar, although modest, levels of both nonspecific cytotoxicity and alloantigen-specific cytotoxicity. Immunohistologic analysis of MHC antigen distribution within the allograft revealed, unexpectedly, that enhanced grafts underwent an accelerated and extensive induction of both donor class I and class II MHC antigens. These findings were confirmed by allospecific quantitative absorption analysis, which showed severalfold increases in class I and class II MHC antigens by day 3 in enhanced grafts but not until day 5 in rejecting grafts. An additional observation was the more rapid disappearance of donor interstitial cells from enhanced grafts. These findings emphasize the overwhelming suppressive effect induced by an organ allograft after preoperative blood transfusion despite the associated induction of large numbers of potential effector cells and increased target antigen density within the graft.

The purpose of this study was to establish blood reference values for Ontario swine from various age groups. Weanling pigs, feeder pigs, gilts and sows on 11 randomly selected swine farms were sampled using the orbital sinus bleeding technique. Routine hematological and biochemical determinations were performed using whole blood and serum. For the variables examined in each age group the means, the standard deviations and the 95% upper and lower limits were calculated.

A method used to calculate the number of Pasteurella haemolytica reaching the lungs of calves during an aerosol exposure is described. This method is based on a linear relationship of bacterial deposition in lungs of mice and calves when exposed to the same bacterial aerosol.

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

In this study donor specific blood transfusion of PVG recipients prevented rejection of DA strain kidneys but, paradoxically, failed to prevent the rapid and progressive accumulation of large numbers of mononuclear cells within enhanced grafts. Morphometric analysis showed that the percentage cellular infiltrate at day 3 was significantly greater in enhanced than in rejecting grafts but a notable feature in the phenotypic analysis of day 5 infiltrates was a markedly reduced number of MRC OX8 positive cells (Tc/s and NK cells) in enhanced grafts. Both rejecting and enhanced allografts showed a marked induction not only of class I but also of class II MHC antigens, and quantitative absorption analysis of donor class I MHC antigens indicated that induction occurred more rapidly in enhanced grafts. Taken together, these findings suggest that blood transfusion sensitizes the recipient, resulting in a more rapid allograft response, but that even in the presence of massive MHC/antigen induction and large numbers of infiltrating cells, immunoregulatory mechanisms are able to suppress the rejection response.

The prevalence and extent of respiratory tract lesions were measured in 1425 pigs from 27 randomly selected herds in the summer of 1982 and winter of 1983. About 75% of pigs had lesions of enzootic pneumonia, approximately 60% had atrophic rhinitis and approximately 11% had pleuropneumonia and/or pleuritis. Individual pig growth rate was recorded on two of the farms, and it was found that the correlations between growth rate and severity of enzootic pneumonia lesions were positive on one farm and negative on the other. Negative correlations between severity of turbinate atrophy and growth rate existed in one of the two herds. Extent of pneumonia and severity of turbinate atrophy were poorly related in individual pigs but herd averages were moderately and positively correlated. Prevalence of diffuse pleuritis and of pleuropneumonia were positively related, as were the extent of pneumonia and prevalence of localized pleuritis. Prevalence of pleuropneumonia was strongly correlated with increased days-to-market. A method of estimating the average days-to-market using weekly herd data (inventory) was developed.

The effect of minocycline hydrochloride (Minocin) on bovine spermatozoa was studied in eggyolk-citrate, Tris buffer and whole milk extenders. Each of the extenders contained penicillin, streptomycin, lincomycin-spectinomycin and four levels of minocin (10, 260, 510 and 760 mug/ml). Split ejaculates from Holstein sires were diluted in each of the extenders. This was followed by microscopic evaluation for progressive motility after initial dilution at 32 degrees C, after cooling at 5 degrees C and complete dilution, immediately after freezing and after 14 days of storage in liquid nitrogen. Under the experimental conditions employed, a decrease in the percent progressive motility was observed in the eggyolk-citrate and Tris buffer extenders with increasing concentration of minocin. Little or no difference in the percent progressive motility in the whole milk extender, either before or after freezing was observed when the minocin concentration was elevated.

This study reports on the effects of aging on fitness and non-fitness traits of laying hens during the first laying cycle. Age-related changes in mean heterosis, reciprocal effects, strain additive, Z-chromosome and heterotic effects, and their variances were estimated for hens housed one and three per cage. The expression of heterosis depended on age, trait, cross and environment. Mean heterosis increased in magnitude with age, except for specific gravity (SG), and albumen height (AH) with one bird per cage. Mean heterosis for egg number including mortality and morbidity (EPMM) decreased at the end of the cycle with three birds per cage, suggesting possible heterosis x environment interaction. Reciprocal effects were influenced by age, trait, cross and environment. Reciprocal effects were larger for egg number of survivors (EP) with three than with one bird per cage. Age-related changes in additive, Z-chromosome and heterotic effects varied among strains, showing that strains differ in their genetic response to aging. The pattern of change varied by environment suggesting possible genotype x environment interaction. Heterotic, environmental and phenotypic variances increased with age, except for AH with one bird per cage. Trends in additive and Z-chromosome variances varied depending on the trait and environment. For fitness traits, additive variance increased with age, except for hatchability, and EPMM with three birds per cage. The Z-chromosome variance decreased with age for fertility and hatchability and did not show any consistent trend for EP nor EPMM. For non-fitness traits these variances increased with age, except for SG, and for AH with one bird per cage. Heritabilities, however, tended to decrease with age for most of the traits. Genetic variance increased with age for all traits. Improvement of lifetime performance may be obtained by selecting animals at older ages, which would possibly favour individuals with better DNA repair or those who had more genes switched on or off during the course of aging. As the relative increase with age in additive variance was larger for fitness than for non-fitness traits, selection for egg quality traits should be performed at early stages.