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Diversity of plants and animals influence soil carbon through their contributions to soil organic matter (SOM). However, we do not know whether mammal and tree communities affect SOM composition in the same manner. This question is relevant because not all forms of carbon are equally resistant to mineralization by microbes and thus, relevant to carbon storage. We analyzed the elemental and molecular composition of 401 soil samples, with relation to the species richness of 83 mammal and tree communities at a landscape scale across 4.8 million hectares in the northern Amazon. We found opposite effects of mammal and tree richness over SOM composition. Mammal diversity is related to SOM rich in nitrogen, sulfur and iron whereas tree diversity is related to SOM rich in aliphatic and carbonyl compounds. These results help us to better understand the role of biodiversity in the carbon cycle and its implications for climate change mitigation. Xunta de Galicia | ED481D 2019/024 Xunta de Galicia | ED431C2021/32 European Commission | Ref. H2020, n. 947921 National Science Foundation (NSF) | BE/CNH 05 08094

Ponencia expuesta en la reunión virtual: Presentación de resultados del proyecto ATLANTAXES celebrado en Santiago de Compostela (2021)

Ponencia expuesta en el 27th EAA Annual Meeting (2021), celebrado en Kiel, Alemania, del 6 al 11 de septiembre, The Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula was one of the most important mining hotspots during Roman times, with the stimation that Iberian mines generated 60% of the European lead production (Nriagu, 1983). Mining activity mainly focused on gold but also on other metals. Fingerprints of this activity were extensively recorded on environmental archives such as peatlands and lake sediments. Contrary to this huge evidence, medieval mining signals are more half-hearted, both in the archaeological and palaeoenvironmental records. Although palaeopollution research on peat records in NW Iberia has shown some metal pollution increases during the Middle Ages, they tend to be smaller than Roman levelsboth in intensity and duration. An exception to this trend was found in ‘Cruz do Bocelo’ mire. Besides a clear metal pollution signal recorded during Roman times there was also a signal of similar intensity but of shorter duration peaking at in the transition between 6th and 7th centuries and later between between 10-11th centuries. Preliminary analysis of Pb isotope data indicates that this medieval peak is compatible with the local exploitation of metal resources. In this paper we present the results of ‘Cruz do Bocelo’ palaeopollution study which combines elemental composition by XRF and Pb isotope data. Selected pollen indicators will be also shown in order to evaluate the impact of this possible mining evidence on vegetation. Studies of palaeo-archives located close to the mining and metallurgy centres are badly needed to decipher the local narratives of these activities – in times of social change and reorganization in particular.

Ponencia online expuesta en el 27º EAA Annual Meeting (2021) celebrado en Kiel, Alemania., It is well known that during the Roman expansion across Europe hydraulic engineering experienced a golden period. Examples of hydraulic architecture such as aqueducts for civic, domestic, farming and industrial purposes still remain in many cities (Segovia, Tarragona, Metz, Belgrado, Tivoli, etc.). Hydraulic mining systems are also very well known, such as ‘ruina montium’, which have left large-scale evidence of transformations of the landscape (e.g., Las Médulas). The work presented here focuses on less obvious hydric modifications, which were the indirect result of other anthropogenic activities. The combination of geochemical and palynological approaches in peat archives has provided evidence that, in many different places across Europe, environmental transformations associated with Roman mining, as well with other activities such as forest clearance, resulted in significant, landscape-scale, hydrological changes. These changes led to an increase in run-off and soil erosion in some areas, but also to the formation of peatlands due to a rise in the water table. At Cruz do Bocelo Mire (NW Iberia; Silva Sánchez et al., 2014), for example, the transition from the Iron Age to the Roman Period was a tipping point in the buffer capacity of the catchment in terms of water retention. As a result of a large deforestation event, which occurred between AD 210 and 240, and contrary to what had happened before, the mire hydrology started to respond more abruptly to changes occurring in its catchment. Similarly, in their study of La Molina mire, López-Merino et al. (2011) concluded that between the AD 20 and 140 it would have been used as a ‘piscinae’, marking a no-return point in its hydrological conditions, which led to a change from a minerotropic to an ombrotropic status (responsible for its present declaration as protected habitat in Natura 2000 network).

Trabajo presentado en la 26th EAA Virtual Annual Meeting (European Association of Archaeologists), celebrada online del 24 al 30 de agosto de 2020., This contribution will present the results of the study of the Late Neolithic pottery documented during the excavation of the “Dolmen 4” of the Guidoiro Areoso islet, that is located in Arousa bay (Pontevedra), one of the most important archaeological areas in the Prehistory of Galicia. The site was in constant use from 4600 BC to 800 BC, which includes diverse funerary and ceremonial uses. This study, focuses on the reconstruction of the vessels’s "life" (their manufacture, use and reject), has two basic methodological blocks: one is based on the archeological features of the pottery and another that focus on analytical work. The archaeological part of the study includes the analysis of the morpho-technical features of the pots, their spatial distribution at the site and the type of context in which they were found. The analytical work included archeometric techniques like XRF, XRD, FTIR-ATR, thermochemistry and solid’s colorimetry, allowing us to complete the information about the first steps of the pots biography related to their manufacture. The results of this research will provide us a better understanding of the funerary ritual of this megalithic burial from a material and sociocultural point of view. In addition, a comparative study with other sites in the NW Spain will allow us to start the characterization of the Late Neolithic pottery of the region, a matter that is still poorly addressed

The study of mercury accumulation in peat cores provides an excellent opportunity to improve the knowledge on mercury cycling and depositional processes at remote locations far from pollution sources. We analyzed mercury concentrations in 150 peat samples from two cores from Rano Aroi (Easter Island, 27&deg, S) and in selected vegetation samples of present-day flora of the island, in order to characterize the mercury cycling for the last ~71 ka BP. The mercury concentrations showed values ranging between 35 and 200 ng g&minus, 1, except for a large maxima (~1000 ng g&minus, 1) which occurred at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ~20 ka cal BP) in both peat cores. Low temperatures during the LGM would accelerate the atmospheric oxidation of Hg(0) to divalent mercury that, coupled with higher rainfall during this period, most likely resulted in a very efficient surface deposition of atmospheric mercury. Two exceptional short-lived Hg peaks occurred during the Holocene at 8.5 (350 ng g&minus, 1) and 4.7 (1000 ng g&minus, 1) ka cal BP. These values are higher than those recorded in most peat records belonging to the industrial period, highlighting that natural factors played a significant role in Hg accumulation&mdash, sometimes even more so than anthropogenic sources. Our results suggest that wet deposition, linked to atmospheric oxidation, was the main process controlling the short-lived Hg events, both in the mire and in the catchment soils.

9 páginas, 6 figuras., Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), symbionts with most terrestrial plants, produce glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP),which plays a major role in soil structure and quality. Both fungi hyphae and protein production in soils are affected by perturbations related to land-use changes, implying that GRSP is a sensitive indicator of soil quality. Unfortunately, GRSP degrades within years to decades in oxic environments, preventing its use as palaeoecological proxy. However, GRSP is transported to marine, near-shore anoxic sediments, where it accumulates and remains non-degraded, enabling the assessment of its potential as a palaeoecological proxy for soil ecosystem's health. Exploiting this fact, we have obtained for the first time a long-term record (c. 1250 years) of GRSP content using a Posidonia oceanica seagrass mat sediment core from the Western Mediterranean (Portlligat Bay, Spain). The trends in GRSP content matchedwellwith land-use changes related to agrarian activities reconstructed by pollen analysis. In periods of cultivation, GRSP accumulation in the mat decreased. Given the role played by GRSP, the results suggest that agrarian intensification may have resulted in perturbations to soil quality. Thus, GRSP in seagrass mat sediments can be used to assess long-term trends in continental soil quality induced by human activities. These findings open new possibilities in long-term ecology research, as other anoxic environments could be potentially valid too. Testing them would open the possibility to identify long-termpatterns in soil quality and other environmental stressors that could also affect AMF and GRSP production in soils., The studywas also funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, SUMILEN project (CTM2013-47728-R), and the Spanish Autonomous Organism of National Parks, PALEOPARK project (ref. 1104), and supported by the CSIRO Marine and Coastal Carbon Biogeochemistry Cluster.

The Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica maintains a biodiverse ecosystem and it is a world-wide important carbon sink. It grows for millennia, accumulating organic-rich soils (mats) beneath the meadows. This marine habitat is protected by the European Union; however, it is declining rapidly due to coastal development. Understanding its response to disturbances could inform habitat restoration, but many environmental impacts predate monitoring programs (

Poster presentado en el XVIII Simposium de l'Asociación de Palinólogos de Lengua Española: Palynology et Diversites celebrado en Cartagena (España) del 27 al 29 de septiembre de 2011

Ponencia presentada en el XXIIème Symposium de l'APLF - XVIIIème Symposium de l'APLE celebrado en París del 19 al 22 de septiembre de 2011

Poster presentado en el XVIII INQUA-Congress: Quaternary sciences, the view from the mountains, celebrado en Berna (Suiza) del 21 al 27 de julio de 2011, Wetlands are exceptional ecosystems that contribute to biodiversity and play a key role in the hydrological cycle. Knowledge of their ecology is essential for proper conservation and management, but environmental policies still do not consider long-term ecological studies. Here we present the application of multi-proxy analyses to a 115 cm-thick core from La Molina mire (Alto de la Espina) located in NW Iberia, with a chronology spanning from the local Iron Age (ca. 2500 cal BP) to the present. The mire is located in an area intensively mined for gold during the Roman period, and close to a water-canalization system used for mining operations at that time. Our aim was to get insights into the development of the wetland by combining hydro-hygrophytes, non-pollen palynomorphs and geochemical analyses, supported by 14C datings and multivariate statistics (PCA). The results indicated a complex pattern of ecological succession. First, the data suggest the wetland was a minerogenic mire in the Iron Age. After that, and since Roman times, it was subjected to dramatic hydrological changes due to the rise of the water-table, fluctuating between the presence of open water and several phases of drawdown. Finally, by ca. 1350 years ago, the wetland experienced a rapid evolution towards ombrotrophy. High grazing pressure was also detected for the last 100 years. The significant change occurred during Early Roman Empire seems to have been the consequence of the direct use of the wetland as a water-reservoir of the canalisation system used for gold-mining. Thus, the current nature of the mire may be the result of an anthropogenic forcing; although multiple anthropogenic and natural causes were potentially linked to the shifts detected, which at least in three phases supposed a threshold response. Our investigation suggests that palaeoecological research is necessary to understand the origin of wetlands ecosystems, their long-term ecology and the role played by human activities.

Pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs and charcoal from a colluvial soil surrounded by prehistoric petroglyphs (Campo Lameiro, NW Spain) were studied in order to assess the nature of human activities and their impact on Holocene vegetation patterns. Several phases of anthropogenic impact were observed. (i) Between 7.6 and 6.5 ka cal BP, synanthropic taxa (Urtica dioica type, Plantago lanceolata type) and coprophilous fungi (e.g. Sporormiella-type) are indicative of early (pre-agricultural) creation of small patches of pasture using fire, possibly for incipient animal husbandry or as part of a deliberate strategy to improve game availability. Such activities only had a minor effect on the deciduous Quercus-dominated forest established earlier during the Holocene Thermal Maximum. (ii) Between 5.9 and 4.8 ka cal BP a more intense signal indicative of pastoral activity was detected, corresponding to the Neolithic period. (iii) Between 4.8 and 3.4 ka cal BP, which fits within the hypothetical timeframe of petroglyph creation, the synanthropic and humidity (e.g. Cyperaceae, Mougeotia) indicators diminished while charcoal concentration increased, which can be explained by Mid-Holocene cooling/drying (Neoglaciation) in combination with reduced human impact, or by non-pastoral activities in the area possibly in association with the development of the rock art culture, converting pasture to protected open ground through anthropogenic fires. (iv) During the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age (3.4–2.5 ka cal BP), grazing pressure and fire regime intensity are high, coinciding with evidence of regional forest regression, despite an amelioration in climate. (v) Later phases, not corresponding to prehistoric rock art contexts, include a phase of heavy grazing and reduced fire frequency (from ca. 2.5 to 1.2 ka cal BP) as well as the near complete elimination of the deciduous woodland, the expansion of ericaceous shrubland and the evidence of local agriculture and afforestation. These results are consistent with earlier studies in the area and highlight the spatial heterogeneity in the vegetation especially during periods of prehistoric anthropogenic interference., This research was supported financially by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education under the framework of the CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 program “Programa de Investigación en Tecnologías para la conservación y valorización del Patrimonio Cultural (TCP)” (CSD2007-00058) and by “Paleopaisaje y prehistoria del Futuro Parque de Arte Rupestre de Campo Lameiro, Pontevedra” (PGIDT02CCP60601).

Ponencia presentada en el Workshop "Anthropocene: Linking Pollen and Geochemical Research" celebrado en Santiago de Compostela (España) en octubre de 2010

Ponencia presentada en el Workshop "Anthropocene: Linking Pollen and Geochemical Research" celebrado en Santiago de Compostela (España) en octubre de 2010

Ponencia presentada en el XVII International A.P.L.E. Symposium of Palynology celebrado en Vigo (España) del 7 al 10 de julio de 2010

Ponencia presentada en el II Congreso de Arte Rupestre Esquemático en la Península Ibérica celebrado en Almeria (España) del 5 al 8 de mayo de 2011

Ponencia presentada en el Workshop "Anthropocene: Linking Pollen and Geochemical Research" celebrado en Santiago de Compostela (España) en octubre de 2010

Ponencia presentada en el Workshop "Anthropocene: Linking Pollen and Geochemical Research" celebrado en Santiago de Compostela (España) en octubre de 2010

Atmospheric mineral dust is intrinsically linked with climate. Although dust flux variability on glacial–interglacial timescales is well documented, Holocene dust records remain scarce. To fill this gap, we conducted elemental, isotopic and sedimentological analyses on a peat core from the Karukinka Natural Park in Tierra del Fuego. An 8000-year-old mineral dust record was extracted indicating three periods of elevated dust deposition: (i) 8.1–7.4 cal ka BP, (ii) 4.2 cal ka BP and (iii) 2.4–1.4 cal ka BP. The two oldest peaks are related to volcanic eruptions of the Hudson and Monte Burney volcanoes, respectively. The most recent dust peak, however, has a rare earth element and neodymium isotopic composition that resembles the geochemical signature of outwash plain sediments from the Darwin Cordillera. Since the timing of this dust peak corresponds to a period of glacier retreat between Neoglacial advances III and IV, we infer that Holocene aeolian dust fluxes in southern Patagonia are mostly driven by glacial sediment availability. Our results underline the important role of glaciers in producing aeolian dust in high-latitude regions, and they imply that the current retreat of glaciers worldwide may result in elevated atmospheric dust loads. Fil: Vanneste, Heleen. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Université de Toulouse; Francia Fil: De Vleeschouwer, François. Université de Toulouse; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Bertrand, Sébastien. University of Ghent; Bélgica Fil: Martínez Cortizas, Antonio. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; España Fil: Vanderstraeten, Aubry. Université Libre de Bruxelles; Bélgica Fil: Mattielli, Nadine. Université Libre de Bruxelles; Bélgica Fil: Coronato, Andrea Maria Josefa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Piotrowska, Natalia. Silesian University Of Technology; Polonia Fil: Jeandel, Catherine. Université de Toulouse; Francia Fil: Roux, Gaël Le. Université de Toulouse; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia

Although archaeological research suggests that mining/metallurgy already started in the Chalcolithic (3rd millennium BC), the earliest atmospheric metal pollution in SW Europe has thus far been dated to ~ 3500–3200 cal. yr. BP in paleo-environmental archives. A low intensity, non-extensive mining/metallurgy and the lack of appropriately located archives may be responsible for this mismatch. We have analysed the older section (> 2100 cal. yr. BP) of a peat record from La Molina (Asturias, Spain), a mire located in the proximity (35–100 km) of mines which were exploited in the Chalcolithic/Bronze Age, with the aim of assessing evidence of this early mining/metallurgy. Analyses included the determination of C as a proxy for organic matter content, lithogenic elements (Si, Al, Ti) as markers of mineral matter, and trace metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb) and stable Pb isotopes as tracers of atmospheric metal pollution. From ~ 8000 to ~ 4980 cal. yr. BP the Pb composition is similar to that of the underlying sediments (Pb 15 ± 4 μg g− 1; 206Pb/207Pb 1.204 ± 0.002). A sustained period of low 206Pb/207Pb ratios occurred from ~ 4980 to ~ 2470 cal. yr. BP, which can be divided into four phases: Chalcolithic (~ 4980–3700 cal. yr. BP), 206Pb/207Pb ratios decline to 1.175 and Pb/Al ratios increase; Early Bronze Age (~ 3700–3500 cal. yr. BP), 206Pb/207Pb increase to 1.192 and metal/Al ratios remain stable; Late Bronze Age (~ 3500–2800 cal. yr. BP), 206Pb/207Pb decline to their lowest values (1.167) while Pb/Al and Zn/Al increase; and Early Iron Age (~ 2800–2470 cal. yr. BP), 206Pb/207Pb increase to 1.186, most metal/Al ratios decrease but Zn/Al shows a peak. At the beginning of the Late Iron Age, 206Pb/207Pb ratios and metal enrichments show a rapid return to pre-anthropogenic values. These results provide evidence of regional/local atmospheric metal pollution triggered by the earliest phases of mining/metallurgy in the area, and reconcile paleo-environmental and archaeological records. This work was funded by the projects CGL2010-20672 and HAR2008-06477-C03-03/HIST (Plan Nacional I + D + i, Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad), 10PXIB200182PR (General Directorate of I + D, Xunta de Galicia), and CDS-TCP (CSD2007-00058, Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010). José Antonio López-Sáez, Fernando Gil Sendino, Carmen Fernández Ochoa and Roberto Zapico for their collaboration and assistance during the fieldwork, to José Rodríguez Racedo for helping with the geochemical analyses, and to Suzanne Leroy for perceptive comments on an earlier draft.

Este documento PDF é unha separata coa selección dalgunhas páxinas do libro para dar unhaimpresión xeral dos seus contidos e formato.-- Este documento PDF es una separata con la selección de algunas páginas del libro para dar una impresión general de sus contenidos y formato.-- This PDF document is a selection of some pages of the text to given an overall impression of the book contents.-- Criado-Boado, Felipe; Parcero-Oubiña, César; Otero Vilariño, Carlos; Cabrejas, Elena (eds.); Rodríguez-Paz, Anxo (ed. gráfica), [GL] A paisaxe é un produto das formas de ser, de estar, de pensar e de actuar de cada sociedade. A paisaxe galega de hoxe é o resultado das nosas formas de ser, estar, pensar e actuar, mais tamén das daqueles que nos precederon no tempo. Moitas das cousas que consideramos máis características da paisaxe de Galicia son o produto ou o efecto da acción humana, e non só diso que chamamos a “ natureza”. Este libro é unha especie de “atlas” arqueolóxico das paisaxes culturais de Galicia, e dicimos «unha especie» porque non é un atlas entendido no sentido convencional de conxunto de mapas; o que fai é describir as diferentes formas da paisaxe que se foron sucedendo ao longo dunha boa parte da historia do que hoxe é Galicia, dende a prehistoria até a época medieval. O relato parte do que coñecemos como paisaxe tradicional para, logo, ir na procura dos seus elementos típicos, xa presentes –ou ausentes– nas paisaxes que o precederon e o foron conformando. Porén, as paisaxes arqueolóxicas son algo que non existe; os seus restos, ou ben se incorporaron en gran medida a formas posteriores de paisaxe, ou ben subxacen relictos e esquecidos (“invisibilizados”) baixo estas. Por iso precisamente as chamamos “arqueolóxicas”. A historia que facemos aquí é unha historia humana do antropoceno, un concepto que vén definir unha nova etapa xeolóxica marcada pola dominación humana dos sistemas da Terra, unha etapa en que a acción sociocultural modifica activamente o mundo e substitúe un medio natural por un medio cultural cada vez máis artificial., [ES] El paisaje es un producto de las formas de ser, de estar, de pensar y de actuar propias de cada sociedad. El paisaje gallego actual es el resultado de nuestras formas de ser, estar, pensar y actuar. Pero también lo es de las de todas aquellas personas que nos precedieron en el tiempo. Muchas cosas que consideramos características del paisaje de Galicia son el producto o el efecto de la acción humana, no sólo de eso que llamamos “naturaleza”. Este libro es una especie de “atlas” arqueológico de los paisajes culturales de Galicia. Y decimos “una especie” porque no es un atlas en el sentido convencional de conjunto de mapas. Lo que hace este libro es describir las diferentes formas de paisaje que se sucedieron a lo largo de una parte de la historia de lo que hoy llamamos Galicia, en concreto desde la prehistoria reciente (desde el inicio del periodo que se denomina “neolítico”) hasta la época medieval. El relato parte del paisaje tradicional de Galicia para, a continuación, descubrir los elementos típicos de este paisaje y ver cuáles estaban presentes –o ausentes- en los paisajes que lo precedieron y que contribuyeron a su conformación. Los paisajes arqueológicos son algo que no existe. Sus restos, o bien se incorporaron en gran medida a las formas posteriores de paisaje, o bien subyacen relictos y olvidados (“invisibilizados”) bajo éstas. Por eso precisamente llamamos a esos paisajes “arqueológicos”. La historia que hacemos aquí es una historia humana del antropoceno, un concepto cada vez más utilizado para definir una nueva etapa geológico que está marcada por la dominación humana de los sistemas de la Tierra, una etapa en la que la dinámica socioecultura modifica activamente el mundo y sustituye un medio natural por un medio cultural y cada vez más artificial., [EN] The landscape is a product of each particular society’s ways of being, thinking and acting. The landscape we see in Galicia today is the result of our ways of being, thinking and acting, but also those of the people who lived here in the past. Many of the things that we consider to be the most typical elements of the Galician landscape are a product or effect of human action, and not only of what we refer to as “nature”. This book is a kind of archaeological “atlas” of the cultural landscapes of Galicia, and here we say ‘a kind’ because it is not an atlas in the conventional sense, containing a series of maps: instead, what this book does is to describe the different types of landscape that appeared over much of the history of what is now Galicia, from late prehistory (beginning of the Neolithic) to mediaeval times. The story begins with what we know as the traditional landscape. It identifies its typical elements that are present or missing from the landscapes that preceded it, and which helped to create it. And so, archaeological landscapes are something that does not exist; their remains are either largely incorporated in subsequent forms of the landscape, or lie lost and forgotten (“invisible”) beneath them. It is precisely for this reason that we refer to them as “archaeological landscapes”. The narrative we present here is a human story from the Anthropocene period, a concept that defines a new geological stage marked by human influence of the Earth’s different systems, a stage in which sociocultural action has actively altered the world, replacing a natural environment with an increasingly artificial cultural environment.

Atmospheric dust loadings play a crucial role in the global climate system. Southern South America is a key dust source, however, dust deposition rates remain poorly quantified since the last glacial termination (~17 kyr ago), an important timeframe to anticipate future climate changes. Here we use isotope and element geochemistry in a peat archive from Tierra del Fuego, to reconstruct atmospheric dust fluxes and associated environmental and westerly wind changes for the past 16.2 kyr. Dust depositions were elevated during the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) and second half of the Younger Dryas (YD) stadial, originating from the glacial Beagle Channel valley. This increase was most probably associated with a strengthening of the westerlies during both periods as dust source areas were already available before the onset of the dust peaks and remained present throughout. Congruent with glacier advances across Patagonia, this dust record indicates an overall strengthening of the wind belt during the ACR. On the other hand, we argue that the YD dust peak is linked to strong and poleward shifted westerlies. The close interplay between dust fluxes and climatic changes demonstrates that atmospheric circulation was essential in generating and sustaining present-day interglacial conditions. Fil: Vanneste, Heleen. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique, EcoLab; Francia Fil: de Vleeschouwer, Francois. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique, EcoLab; Francia; Francia Fil: Martínez Cortizas, Antonio. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; España Fil: Von Scheffer, Clemens. Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique, EcoLab; Francia Fil: Piotrowska, Natalia. Department of Radioisotopes, Institute of Physics, Silesian University of Technology; Polonia Fil: Coronato, Andrea Maria Josefa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Le Roux, Gaël. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia

SI

Presentación de la comunicación oral del día 4 de septiembre de 2014 en la sesión "B27. "Megalithic biographies”: cycles of use and closure" of the XVII World UISPP Congress, celebrated in Burgos., Archaeological excavations carried out in Galicia (NW of Iberia) during the last 15 years, have shown that megalithic barrows had a complex and long-standing life. Not only in terms of later uses and reuses (something that has been already acknowledged in bibliography since many years) but also in terms of construction and ‘megalithic’ use. Today, we can assume that barrows life was not so simple as: construction, use and abandonment. Rather, barrows could be easily compared, for instance, to Christian churches, that once build up were permanently used and rebuild, their ‘form’ becoming either the expression or the result of a permanent negotiation between social and materialization processes. In this contribution, we review the empirical data from different well characterized barrows, such as Romea (with recognizable phases of rebuilding or use dating to 5920 – 5660calBP, 5320 – 5030calBP and 4970 – 4790calBP) and Forno dos Mouros (with a long time-span punctuated in 6510-6300calBP and 5070-4850calBP). From these data, we propose a hypothetical sequence of specific periods of building, use and rebuilding which we relate to social processes occurring on increasingly complex and progressively more unequal communities, even with changing individual identities. This hypothesis is contrasted with a large collection of C14 dates of Galician megaliths. Based on this, we propose that the traditional assumption of a continuous monumental activity from ca. 6,500 to 4,500 cal. BP should be revised since a discontinuous series of building activity and use is a more likely explanation for the chronologies. Activity seems to have been circumscribed to particular periods of monumental building, interspersed with long periods of inactivity, perhaps not shorter than a few centuries (200-300 years). We suggest that this interpretation may also apply to other megalithic European regions. Therefore, the research agenda on Megalithism should incorporate this topic in future investigations as it may demand a change in excavation strategies. In order to reconstruct the formation processes, we propose a methodological approach aiming to implement the techniques of stratigraphic excavation and the chemical and pedological characterization of the sediments in megalithic archaeological contexts. Ultimately, our proposal is to treat barrows as paleoenvironmental archives.

We applied pyrolysis-GC/MS to archaeological potsherds from prehistoric settlements in north-west Spain, some of which are conspicuously black or exhibit a black inner core from incomplete burn-out. Virtually all pyrolysis products could be related to thermally modified material (partially polycondensed aromatics and short-chain alkyl moieties) that most probably formed during firing (as opposed to cooking). Principal component analysis and supporting evidence (elemental composition, colour parameters and SEM microscopy) showed that the firing conditions (redox conditions and firing intensity) control pyrolysate composition. Laboratory experiments are required to fully understand the pyrolysis fingerprints and sample pre-treatment might enhance the information obtained. © 2013 University of Oxford., This project was partially financed through project Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2008–2011 (Subprograma de Proyectos de Investigación Fundamental, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, code HAR2010-17637) entitled ‘Los estilos cerámicos en la Prehistoria de Galicia: tecnología, materias primas y circulación’. JK was supported by the CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 program TCP (CSD2007-00058).

We have surveyed two areas with open air rock art in Monte Penide, finding in the process several artefact scatters near the petro glyphs of roughly the same age. Also, we have undertaken a soil analysis of a section already exposed in one of those places (Coto da Fenteira), looking for occurrences of enrichment in certain trace elements (Ti, Zr, Hg or Br) along the sequence. As a result of this studies in combination with 14C dating of charcoal and organic matter, we have been able to define two main erosive episodes, resulting from human activity: one in the first half of the third millennium BC and a second, less violent one, from the start of the second millennium BC. These episodes have to do mostly with the spread of a farming economy during the Chalcolithic and its consolidation along the Earlier Bronze Age, thus rejecting the notion of a socioeconomic crisis during the latter and showing, instead, a progressive interference with the environment by human groups up to the second Iron Age.Hemos prospectado dos áreas con manifestaciones de arte rupestre en Monte Penide, descubriendo en su cercanía concentraciones de material cerámico y lítico de cronología semejante. Uno de los lugares examinados (Coto da Fenteira) fue objeto de un análisis edafológico sobre un corte abierto por obras recientes. La combinación de estudios sobre elementos traza (Ti, Zr, Hg o Br) y de dataciones C-14 ha permitido definir un suelo policíclico que se extiende a lo largo del Holoceno y en el que se diferencian dos grandes episodios erosivos vinculados a la acción antrópica: uno a partir de la primera mitad del III milenio AC y otro menos violento desde inicios del II milenio, coincidentes grosso modo con la expansión del sistema agropastoril durante el Calcolítico y su continuación a lo largo del Bronce inicial/medio regional, desmintiendo así la noción de una crisis socioeconómica durante el segundo período y apoyando, en cambio, la hipótesis de una incidencia progresiva de los grupos humanos sobre el medio hasta bien entrada la Edad del Hierro.

Traballos de Arqueoloxía e Patrimonio (TAPA).-- F. Criado-Boado, A. Martínez-Cortizas, y M. V. García Quintela (eds)., El objeto de este libro es el estudio del arte rupestre en la Edad de Bronce hasta la Edad del Hierro en Campo Lameiro (Pontevedra, Galicia), en el que se ha combinado la metodología arqueológica, histórica, etnográfica y paleoambitental, para completar el contexto arqueológico de los petroglifos añadiéndoles un contexto ambiental, físico y material. Este estudio responde al cambio efectuado en el estudio del arte rupestre de esta época, que ha sido sometido a una transformación en los últimos 10-15 años. Asimismo, se ha pretendido, que los resultados de la investigación fuesen utilizados para definir criterios de protección, significación y revalorización del patrimonio en el marco del proyecto de creación del Parque Arqueológico de Arte Rupestre promovido por la Xunta de Galicia en Campo Lameiro dentro del proyecto de creación de la Red Galega de Patrimonio Arqueolóxico.

Póster presentado en el International Congress Science and Technology for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage (TechnoHeritage), celebrado en Santiago de compostela del 2 al 5 de octubre de 2012., We sampled and analyzed with high-resolution a polycyclic terraced soil located in the surroundings of Santiago de Compostela, looking for the imprints of the different ancient agricultural practices. To this aim a combination of techniques were applied (AAS, XRF, IR-MS) together with selective dissolution extractions (for Al, Si and Fe) and the determination of more traditional physico-chemical properties (soil reaction, pH in NaF, phosphorous retention, etc.). The aim was to identify the signals of land use changes and the different agricultural management techniques applied since the beginning of the agricultural use of the soil. The sequence contained a buried paleosol, with strong andic character, which is considered to exemplify the soil properties prior to the construction of the terraces. In the upper anthropogenic soil layers the relative amounts of soil components responsible for andic properties decrease, presumably as a consequence of the introduction of new agricultural techniques that lead to changes in the chemical stability of organo-metal complexes, thus influencing its accumulation. Variations in acidity, P and Ca contents, and the isotopic composition (13C, 15N) of the organic matter, point to the use of fertilization and liming practices and/or the introduction of new agricultural species. The radiocarbon dating of soil samples indicates that the intensification of agricultural use of this soil and its strong anthropization started in the Early Middle Ages. Our research suggests that the current configuration of this agricultural landscape is mainly inherited from those early modifications, and that the application of several techniques to proper archives (like terraced soils) may help to reveal the history of the build up of the present cultural landscape.

Editors: A. Campar Almeida, Ana M. S. Bettencourt, D. Moura, Sérgio Monteiro-Rodrigues and Maria Isabel Caetano Alves. 29 pp., [EN] The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of sedimentary deposits to be used for the reconstruction of Holocene environmental changes in the Campo Lameiro area (NW Spain). We focused on the evolution of landforms as a key factor in the configuration of alluvial and colluvial sequences. The geomorphological and sedimentological studies indicate that the distribution of landforms is a main factor to understand the formation of colluvial soils. Granitic macroforms dominate the present landscape, constituted by alveolar depressions surrounded by crests and slabs. The thickest sedimentary deposits were found in the depressions. We identified two main stratigraphic units: a basal inorganic layer represented by alluvio‑ colluvial sediments, formed in a highly energetic environment, probably dating to the Younger Dryas (>11000 years BP), and a younger unit of thick sandy, blackish, organic matter rich, colluvium. The oldest radiocarbon age obtained for this unit indicates that it may have started to form by 11240‑11130 cal. BP. The Holocene colluvial soils show discontinuities in grain size, soil reaction, elemental composition of the inorganic phase and molecular composition of the soil organic matter. These features are evidence of the occurrence of several phases of rosion/sedimentation (i.e. landscape instability), some of which were coeval with known periods of Holocene abrupt climate change – the 8.2 ka event, the beginning of the Neoglaciation (ca. 6 ka BP) or the 2.8 ka wet/cold event. But some of the most intense phases coincided with increased human pressure on landscape during the Neolithic, Bronze Age, Roman Period, and the Middle Ages. Charcoal layers, burnt soil layers and the highly aromatic nature of the soil organic matter point to frequent fire episodes. Pollen studies also indicated a sharp decrease in forest cover beginning by ca. 6000 cal BP, which seems to have been accompanied by a progressive soil acidification with time. Our research suggests that both climate and human activities played an important role in the formation of colluvial deposits in the area, confirming that they are valuable geoarchives of Holocene environmental change from a geoarchaeological approach., [PO] Neste trabalho estudaram‑se os depósitos sedimentares na área da estação arqueológica de Campo Lameiro (NW Espanha), com o objetivo de avaliar o seu potencial para a reconstrução das mudanças ambientais holocénicas, no que diz respeito à evolução do relevo como um fator determinante na configuração das sequências aluviais e coluviais. Os estudos geomorfológicos e sedimentológicos indicam que a distribuição das geoformas é um fator principal para comprender a formação dos solos coluviais. Na paisagem atual da área de estudo dominam as macroformas graníticas, constituídas por depressões alveolares rodeadas por cristas e lajes. Os depósitos sedimentares mais espessos ocorrem nas depressões. Identificaram‑se duas unidades estratigráficas principais: uma camada basal inorgânica, representada por sedimentos aluvio‑coluvionares, formados em ambiente altamente energético, provavelmente datados do Dryas recente (> 11000 anos BP) e uma unidade mais recente, arenosa, escura, rica em matéria orgânica, de solos coluviais. A datação mais antiga, obtida por radiocarbono para esta unidade, indica que ela pode ter começado a formar‑se há 11240‑11130 cal. BP. Os solos holocénicos coluviais apresentam descontinuidades na dimensão das partículas, na reação do solo, na composição da fase inorgânica e na composição molecular da matéria orgânica do solo. Estas características comprovam a ocorrência de diversas fases de erosão / sedimentação (ou seja, de instabilidade da paisagem), algumas das quais são contemporâneas dos períodos de mudança climática abrupta conhecidos no Holocénico – o evento a 8,2 ka, no início da Neoglaciação (ca. 6 ka BP) ou o evento húmido e frio a 2,8 ka. Mas, algumas das fases mais intensas coincidiram com o aumento da pressão humana sobre a paisagem durante o Neolítico, a Idade do Bronze, o Período Romano e na Idade Média. A ocorrência de camadas de carvão, de solos queimados e a natureza distintamente aromática da matéria orgânica do solo apontam para episódios de incêndios frequentes. Os estudos polínicos também indicaram uma diminuição acentuada da cobertura florestal, com início a ca. 6500 cal BP, que parece ter sido acompanhada por uma progressiva acidificação do solo ao longo do tempo. O trabalho de investigação realizado, sugere que as mudanças climáticas e as atividades humanas desempenharam ambos um papel importante na formação dos depósitos coluviais na área. De acordo com estudos anteriores, isto indica que os referidos depósitos são geoarquivos valiosos para reconstruir as mudanças ambientais holocénicas, a partir de uma abordagem geoarqueológica., This research was partly funded by the Project “Paleopaisaje y prehistoria del Futuro Parque de Arte Rupestre de Campo Lameiro, Pontevedra” (PGIDT02CCP60601) and the Project 09SEC015606PR (2009‑2012) “Xeoarqueoloxía e reconstrución paleoambiental. Metodoloxía aplicada a contextos arqueolóxico‑culturais” (Consellería de Economía e Industria. Xunta de Galicia) and by Portuguese National Funds through the FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) under the project “PEst‑OE/CTE/UI0039/2011”.

A aplicación das Ciencias da Terra a contextos arqueolóxicos está sendo cada vez máis utilizada para coñecer a información paleoambiental que agochan as formación superficiais -sedimentos e os solos- tanto no xacemento como no seu entorno. A integración dos datos obtidos polas disciplinas das Ciencias da Terra é de gran axuda para coñecer os procesos que se xeran antes, durante e despois do abandono dun xacemento. Coas ferramentas aportadas por cada disciplina, se obteñen da- tos que, integrándoos e relacionándoos entre si, son a base para prantexar a reconstrución e interpretación dos ambientes pasados no que se atopa o xacemento obxecto de estudo. A pesares de obter unha información ampla a reconstrución é sempre parcial, xa que algúns ambientes do pasado sufriron condicións de formación non comparables ás dos ambientes actuais (Martínez Cortizas, 2000).

III Congreso Ibérico de la International Permafrost Association: Criosferas, Suelos Congelados y Cambio Climático. Piornedo (Lugo): 21-23 de junio de 2011., La costa gallega se encuentra tapizada de forma discontínua por material sedimentario, preferentemente de origen continental, que fosiliza formas litorales antiguas. La forma irregular de la costa y la presencia de sierras litorales, con altitudes en torno a los 600 m, ha favorecido que durante el Pleistoceno Final, se haya desarrollado un ambiente morfogenético dominado por procesos fríos.

Recoge los contenidos presentados al 2º Congreso Internacional de Arqueoloxía de Vilalba, celebrado los días 20-23 de julio de 2011. (2º. 2011. Vilalba).

Comunicación presentada en las IV Jornadas do Quaternário (1st International Conference. Alterações Ambientais e Interação Humana na Fachada Atlântica Ocidental. Environmental Change and Human Interaction in the Western Atlantic Façade), celebradas en Coimbra el 9 y 10 de dicembre de 2011., The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of sedimentary deposits for the reconstruction of Holocene environmental changes in the Campo Lameiro area (NW Spain). We focused on the evolution of landforms as a key factor in the configuration of alluvial and colluvial sequences. Geoarchaeology applies techniques and methods of the Human Sciences and Geosciences to reconstruct landscape evolution at different geographical scales. In order to develop our research we have analyzed: relief structure and its role on sediment genesis, distribution and volume of colluvial deposits; key sedimentary features; and elemental composition and physico-chemical properties of the sediments/soils. The geomorphological and sedimentological studies point that the distribution of landforms is a main factor to understand the formation of these colluvial deposits. Granitic macroforms dominate the present landscape, constituted by alveolar depressions surrounded by crests and granitic slabs. The thickest sedimentary deposits were found in the depressions. We identified two main stratigraphic units: a basal inorganic layer represented by alluvio-colluvial sediments, formed in a highly energetic environment, probably dating from the Younger Dryas (>11,000 years BP) and a younger unit of thick sandy, blackish, organic matter rich, colluvial soils. The oldest radiocarbon age obtained for this unit indicates that it may have started to form by 11.240-11.130 cal. BP. The Holocene colluvial soils show discontinuities in grain size, soil reaction, elemental composition of the inorganic phase and molecular composition of the soil organic matter. These features are evidence of the occurrence of se veral phases of erosion/sedimentation (i.e. landscape instability), some of which were coeval with known periods of Holocene abrupt climate change - the 8.2 ka event, the beginning of the Neoglaciation (ca. 6 ka BP) or the 2.8 ka wet/cold event. But some of the most intense phases are coincident with increased human pressure on landscape during the Neolithic, Bronze Age, Roman Period, and the Middle Ages. Charcoal layers, burnt soil layers and the highly aromatic nature of the soil organic matter point to frequent fire episodes. Pollen studies have also indicated a sharp decrease in forest cover beginning by ca. 6500 cal BP, which seems to have been accompanied by a progressive soil acidification with time. Our research suggests that both climate and human activities played an important role in the formation of colluvial deposits in this area. In agreement with previous studies, this indicates that they are valuable geoarchives to reconstruct Holocene environmental change from a geoarchaeological approach. Given their wide distribution and the time period covered by them, they may also be crucial to decipher and understand human responses to climate change and the impact of anthropogenic activities on the environment at the local and regional scales., Manuela Costa-Casais is supported by a Research Program "Isidro Parga Pondal 2007" of Xunta de Galicia. This research was partially funded by the Project 09SEC015606PR (2009-2012).

[ES] En este trabajo investigamos el origen de niveles de gravas, cantos y bloques situados en el techo de una secuencia sedimentaria Holocena y proponemos la interpretación paleoambiental de la misma. Estos niveles se encuentran entre 8 y 9 metros sobre el nivel actual de bajamar máxima viva equinoccial. Dos dataciones radiocarbónicas sitúan el inicio de esta sedimentación hace 1600 años. Este trabajo ejemplifica la evolución compleja de las costas rocosas del NW peninsular en el Holoceno final, durante el cual, el régimen del oleaje, el ascenso del nivel del mar, la exhumación de una plataforma rocosa y la disponibilidad de sedimento son los principales factores implicados. Este trabajo ha permitido identificar un proceso de construcción de crestas relacionado con la acción de las tormentas y el reajuste reciente del sistema a las condiciones actuales del nivel del mar que es sincrónico con el retroceso del acantilado., [EN] This study investigates the origin and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the sedimentary layers composed of gravels, pebbles and boulders at the top of a Holocene sedimentary sequence. The layers are located at heights of 8 - 9 m above the lowest low tide. Results suggest that these coarse-clastic levels were formed by a process of storm ridge construction during storm events. Radiocarbon dating revealed that this deposition started after 1600 yr BP and that it was synchronous with the cliff retreat. It is an example of a complex evolution in the Late Holocene in which wave regime, sea level rise, the exhumation of a rocky shore platform and the sediment supply were involved. This work allows the identification of a process of storm ridge construction related with storm activity and recent beach adjustment to the current sea level conditions.

[ES] En este trabajo investigamos el origen de niveles de gravas, cantos y bloques situados en el techo de una secuencia sedimentaria Holocena y proponemos la interpretación paleoambiental de la misma. Estos niveles se encuentran entre 8 y 9 metros sobre el nivel actual de bajamar máxima viva equinoccial. Dos dataciones radiocarbónicas sitúan el inicio de esta sedimentación hace 1600 años. Este trabajo ejemplifica la evolución compleja de las costas rocosas del NW peninsular en el Holoceno final, durante el cual, el régimen del oleaje, el ascenso del nivel del mar, la exhumación de una plataforma rocosa y la disponibilidad de sedimento son los principales factores implicados. Este trabajo ha permitido identificar un proceso de construcción de crestas relacionado con la acción de las tormentas y el reajuste reciente del sistema a las condiciones actuales del nivel del mar que es sincrónico con el retroceso del acantilado. [EN] This study investigates the origin and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the sedimentary layers composed of gravels, pebbles and boulders at the top of a Holocene sedimentary sequence. The layers are located at heights of 8 - 9 m above the lowest low tide. Results suggest that these coarse-clastic levels were formed by a process of storm ridge construction during storm events. Radiocarbon dating revealed that this deposition started after 1600 yr BP and that it was synchronous with the cliff retreat. It is an example of a complex evolution in the Late Holocene in which wave regime, sea level rise, the exhumation of a rocky shore platform and the sediment supply were involved. This work allows the identification of a process of storm ridge construction related with storm activity and recent beach adjustment to the current sea level conditions.

III Congreso Ibérico de la International Permafrost Association: Criosferas, Suelos Congelados y Cambio Climático. Piornedo (Lugo): 21-23 de junio de 2011.

Capítulo de libro con imágenes., [ES] El yacimiento de A Mourela se encuentra en el ayuntamiento de As Pontes, en la parte alta de los Montes da Fraga Verde, sobre la divisoria de aguas de la margen izquierda del río Chamoselo, afluente del río Eume. Se incluye íntegramente en una litología de filitas con esquistos, con algunos filones de cuarzo. A petición del Dr. Ramón Fábregas, Director del Grupo de Estudos para a Prehistoria Recente do NW Ibérico (GEPN) de la USC, y de Andrés Bonilla, arqueólogo profesional, de la empresa Prospectiva y Análisis Arqueólogos, S.L. y director de la actuación en el yacimiento, se hizo una valoración de las posibilidades existentes en el área arqueológica del Círculo Lítico de A Mourela, para la reconstrucción de los procesos acaecidos en el yacimiento y su entorno inmediato. Con este fin, se llevó a cabo una primera evaluación del yacimiento el 22-03-2007, donde el equipo de arqueólogos que estaban realizando los trabajos explicaron el origen y situación actual de la actuación, y mostraron los elementos arqueológicos más relevantes que caracterizaban el yacimiento.

[ES] Tipos de hábitat de turberas ácidas a escala de mesotopo, resultantes de la evolución de un sistema minerogénico hacia otro ombrotrófico. Esta evolu¬ción es debida a la intensa acumulación de turba desde el Holoceno medio, que conllevó la desco¬nexión de la capa freática de la turbera de los suelos de la cuenca en la que se inició su formación. Es frecuente que posean un patrón superficial de ras¬gos especializados a escala de nano y microtopo (crestas, montículos, depresiones, charcos); en parte debido a que las principales especies vegetales for¬madoras de turba tienen modos de crecimiento ca¬racterísticos y, en parte, a la dependencia del régi¬men hidrológico., Esta ficha forma parte de la publicación Bases ecológicas preliminares para la conservación de los tipos de hábitat de interés comunitario en España, promovida por la Dirección General de Medio Natural y Política Forestal (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino).

[EN] Crutzen and Stoermer (2000) introduced the concept of “Anthropocene”, to highlight the beginning of a new, human-dominated, geological epoch, one in which the degree of alteration of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG) concentrations by humans is large enough to produce significant changes in the climate system. Its beginning was set to 1800 AD, at the onset of the Industrial Revolution, assuming that human influence on the atmosphere was negligible before this date. Others see the start of a notable increase in the effect of a human activity on the functioning of the biosphere, as the Neolithic Revolution, when all the usual geological processes were “joined by a new and immensely significant one, never before seen on the planet, and one without which civilization would not exist: agriculture” (Chesworth, 2002). It is obvious that at present the degree of transformation of the environment is larger than at any other previous period of human history. For example, recent modelling of human impact on ocean ecosystems has revealed that no area of the oceans is unaffected by, at least, indirect impacts (Halpern et al., 2008). This research showed that a large fraction (41%) of the oceans is strongly affected by multiple drivers, and that only particular areas (as those near the poles) show little human impact., [ES] Crutzen y Stoermer (2000) introdujo el concepto de "Antropoceno", para resaltar el comienzo de una nueva, dominada por humanos, época geológica, en la que el grado de alteración de los gases atmosféricos de efecto invernadero (GEI) por parte de los seres humanos es lo suficientemente grande para producir cambios significativos en el sistema climático. Su comienzo se estableció en 1800 dC, en el inicio de la Revolución Industrial, en el supuesto de que la influencia humana sobre el ambiente era insignificante antes de esta fecha. Otros ven el inicio de un notable incremento en el efecto de una actividad humana sobre el funcionamiento de la biosfera, como la revolución neolítica, cuando todos los procesos geológicos normales fueron "acompañados por una nueva e inmensamente significativa, nunca antes vista en el planeta , y sin la cual no existiría la civilización: la agricultura " (Chesworth, 2002). Es obvio que en la actualidad el grado de transformación del medio ambiente es mayor que en cualquier otro período anterior de la historia humana. Por ejemplo, la modelización reciente del impacto humano sobre los ecosistemas oceánicos ha puesto de manifiesto que ninguna región de los océanos no es afectada por, al menos, los impactos indirectos (Halpern et al., 2008). Esta investigación mostró que una gran proporción (41%) de los océanos está fuertemente afectada por múltiples factores, y que solamente las áreas particulares (como las cercanas a los polos) muestran escaso impacto humano.

[ES] Definición según Bartolomé et al. (2005): comuni¬dades vegetales pioneras colonizadoras de substratos ácidos turbosos desnudos resultantes de la erosión artificial o natural de las turberas de Sphagnum. Este tipo de hábitat se presenta en los mismos terri¬torios que otras turberas de Sphagnum, fundamen¬talmente en las comarcas septentrionales y en los sistemas montañosos ácidos de la Península.

[ES] Definición según Bartolomé et al. (2005): turberas desarrolladas en bordes de lagos y otras superficies acuáticas o encharcadas formadoras de un sustrato inestable u oscilante (“tremedales”) que puede ser incluso flotante. En determinados casos tienden a evolucionar hacia turberas altas (sic). En España este tipo de hábitat está representado espe¬cialmente en los territorios cántabro-atlánticos y pire¬naicos, así como en zonas montañosas del resto de la Península, con la excepción de las más meridionales.

In this paper we present the corded zone maritime bell beaker of Forno dos Mouros Dolmen (Toques, A Coruña), an exceptional piece in the regional context. New features of the decorative techniques used and archaeometric determinations (i.e. mineralogical and geochemical composition) allowed to know other aspects of this vase, until now unpublished. The results emphasize a local manufacture but with strong decorative influences linked to Britanny (France), consequence of the complex networks of circulation in III millenium BC in Europe. En este artículo se da a conocer el vaso campaniforme cordado del dolmen de Forno dos Mouros (Toques, A Coruña) como una pieza excepcional en el contexto regional. Se aportan novedades sobre las técnicas decorativas empleadas e información arqueométrica que nos permite conocer otros aspectos del recipiente hasta ahora inéditos. Destaca su fabricación cuidada, elaborada y local pero con influencias decorativas vinculadas íntimamente con la Bretaña francesa, consecuencia de las complejas redes de circulación existentes en III milenio BC en Europa.

[ES] La ubicación del depósito sedimentario de Caamaño en una paleoensenada, ha favorecido la acumulación de material desde al menos el 36.0000 BP hasta la actualidad. Su formación ligada a una pequeña área preferencial para la acumulación, ha permitido que se conserve un registro sedimentario continental muy detallado. Este depósito, hoy convertido en acantilado activo, es un archivo de alto valor paleoambiental. En él han quedado registrados procesos erosivo-acumulativos, representados por los niveles coluviales, que se pueden correlacionar con los eventos Heinrich, ya identificados en otros testigos marinos recogidos en el Atlántico Norte., [EN] The location of the sedimentary deposit of Caamaño in small bay, has favored the accumulation of material, since at least the 36,0000 BP to present times. Its formation related to a small preferential area for the accumulation, has allowed that preservation of a detailed continental sedimentary record. This deposit, today an active cliff, is an archive of a high palaeoenvironmental value. It has recorded a number of erosive-cumulative processes, represented by the colluvial levels, that can be correlated with a number of Heinrich events, already identified in marine sediment cores from the North Atlaantic.