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Background The objective of this study was to analyse the association between oral and general health variables and obesity indicators with the sensation of dry mouth or xerostomia as evaluated on the Xerostomia Inventory (XI). Material and Methods A total of 354 randomly selected subjects participated in this cross-sectional pilot study and completed an anonymous questionnaire. Anthropometric, clinical, and xerostomic variables were evaluated. Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA and Bonferroni test were used for multiple comparisons. ROC curves and multinomial logistic regression were used to determine the (OR) risk of xerostomia. Results A total of 30.7 % of respondents reported xerostomia based on XI. The dry mouth question, the XI taken as a “gold standard”, showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 70.37 %, and a specificity of 83.27 % (AUC=0.768, p

La candidiasis o candidosis oral es la enfermedad infecciosa ocasionada por el crecimiento de las colonias de Cándida y la penetración de las mismas en los tejidos orales cuando las barreras físicas y las defensas del huésped se encuentran alteradas. Es una infección frecuente de la cavidad oral de los adultos de edad avanzada. Aunque la incidencia real se desconoce, se sabe que existe una prevalencia aumentada en ciertas ocasiones como ocurre en ancianos, en presencia de prótesis mucosoportadas, xerostomía o en patologías asociadas frecuentemente en los mayores. Los tipos clínicos más característicos son la forma seudomembranosa y la eritematosa (palatina y lingual). Pueden tener evolución aguda o crónica según la persistencia de los factores predisponentes. También son frecuentes procesos bucales comúnmente asociados: estomatitis protética, queilitis angular, glositis romboidal y lengua vellosa. La mayor parte de las candidiasis orales tienen un diagnóstico clínico, pero ha de confirmarse demostrando la penetración de la cándida en la mucosa oral, siendo el frotis la técnica de elección. Antes de comenzar el tratamiento, debemos estar seguros que se trata de una candidiasis oral, el tipo clínico y los factores predisponentes relacionados con la infección. Empezaremos siempre eliminando estos factores predisponentes, en el adulto mayor, la polifarmacología, la xerostomía, enfermedades crónicas y el uso de prótesis mucosoportadas son situaciones frecuentes que habrá que controlar. Instauraremos medidas higiénicas bucales y posteriormente si es necesario, utilizaremos fármacos antifúngicos, comenzando siempre con formas tópicas. Oral Candidiasis or Candidosis is the infectious disease caused by the growth of colonies of Candida and penetration in the oral tissues when physical barriers and host defenses are altered. It is the most common fungal infection of oral involvement. It is a common infection of the oral cavity in elderly adults. Although the true incidence is unknown, it is known that there is an increased prevalence in certain situations in the elderly: tissue-borne prosthesis, xerostomia or disorders frequently associated. The most characteristic clinical types are pseudomembranous and erythematous (palatal and lingual) form. They may have acute or chronic evolution as the persistence of predisposing factors. They are also frequent mouth commonly associated processes: denture stomatitis, angular cheilitis, rhomboid glossitis and hairy tongue. Most oral candidiasis have a clinical diagnosis, but must be confirmed by demonstrating penetration of candida on the oral mucosa, being the preferred technique smears. Before starting treatment, we must be sure that it is an oral candidiasis, clinical type and predisposing factors associated with infection. Always start eliminating these predisposing factors in the elderly, the polypharmacy, xerostomia, chronic diseases and the use of tissue-borne prostheses are common situations which must be controlled. We will initiate oral hygiene measures and then if necessary, use antifungal drugs, always starting with topical forms.

La endodoncia en el paciente geriátrico es un procedimiento cada vez más habitual en la clínica odontológica. Debemos, dadas las características médicas y dentales de muchos de estos pacientes mayores, planificar correctamente los procesos instrumentales y prever las posibles dificultades que puedan surgir motivadas por conductos estrechos, cámaras pulpares calcificadas etc. En la instrumentación de estos dientes, someteremos a los instrumentos a alto estrés por torsión, motivado por la amplia superficie de contacto entre el instrumento y las paredes, por lo que será totalmente necesario la realización de una preinstrumentación rotatoria y consideramos que es una buena opción el uso del movimiento recíproco. La preparación de los conductos debe dejar un remanente dentinario suficiente, mantenimiento del foramen apical y conicidad progresiva que facilita la administración de irrigantes a lo largo de la longitud de los conductos y las fuerzas de condensación para la obturación. Como irrigantes utilizamos, de forma general, el hipoclorito de sodio al 5% a lo largo de toda la fase instrumental; y una combinación del hipoclorito con un quelante durante la irrigación preobturación que activaremos con algún dispositivo ultrasónico o de aspiración apical negativa. La obturación la realizaremos con sistemas termoplásticos que nos aportan el mejor sellado tridimensional del sistema de conductos. Endodontics in geriatric patients is an increasingly common procedure in the dental clinic. Medical and dental characteristics of these patients makes us properly plan our procedures to anticipate possible difficulties as narrow ducts, calcifications etc. Our procedures should provide for the possible difficulties that may arise cause by narrow ducts, calcified pulp chambers, etc. During the instrumentation of these teeth, we submit a high stress of torsion to our instruments, motivated by the wide surface of contact between the instrument and the walls. For these reason, it will be absolutely necessary to make a rotary preinstrumentation, then, for the final instrumentation, we must consider the alternating rotation as a good option. The canal preparation should leave one sufficient dentin remnant, maintenance of the apical foramen and the proper taper to facilitate the administration of irrigants along the length of the ducts and the forces of condensation for obturation. As irrigants we use, in general, sodium hypochlorite 5% throughout the entire instrumental phase; and a combination of hypochlorite with a chelator for irrigation preobturation, in this phase we will activate with any ultrasonic device or with apical negative pressure. We will make the obturation with thermoplastic systems that provide us a completely three-dimensional sealing of the root canal system.

Introduction: Complete endodontic system disinfection requires the removal of vital and necrotic pulp tissue, microorganisms, and toxins. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 2 ultrasonic irrigation techniques on the penetration of sodium hypochlorite into the main canal and simulated lateral canals of extracted teeth. Methods: Two simulated lateral canals each were created 2, 4, and 6 mm from the working length in 60 single-rooted teeth (6 canals/ tooth, n = 360). To resemble the clinical situation, a closed system was created in each tooth. The teeth were randomly assigned to 3 experimental irrigation groups: group 1 (n = 20), positive pressure irrigation (PPI); group 2 (n = 20), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); and group 3 (n = 20), continuous ultrasonic irrigation (CUI). Samples were evaluated by direct observation of still images recorded under a dental operating microscope. To examine irrigating solution penetration, 20% Chinese ink (Sanford Rotring GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) was added to a 5% sodium hypochlorite solution and delivered into the root canals. Results: The results showed a significantly higher (P < .05) penetration of irrigant into the lateral canals in the CUI group. PUI and CUI did not differ significantly in solution penetration into the apical thirds of the main canals. The PPI group showed a significantly lower penetration of sodium hypochlorite into the main and lateral canals compared with the CUI and PUI groups. Conclusions: CUI as a final rinse significantly increased the penetration of irrigating solution into