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Background: Metacognition is the process of awareness of the way in which we think. Healthcare practitioners are intrinsically required to make complex and demanding decisions daily—and just as with non-healthcare-related industries, they are susceptible to human error. Human factors (HF) can have catastrophic implications and the use of metacognition is a well-regarded tool to aid decision-making. Objective: This systematic review aimed to determine how metacognition and human factors influence decision-making in healthcare practitioners. Methods: the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED) Database, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, APA PsycArticles Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection and APA PsychInfo were searched for eligible qualitative studies. The search was carried out in December 2021. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria for the current review. Twenty main themes and twenty-eight subthemes were categorised into twenty-one descriptive themes. These were synthesised into fourteen analytical themes, four of which were determined to be recurrent and one of which held significant implications for clinical practice: (1) Cognitive bias identification; (2) Systematic approach; (3) Holistic approach and creative thinking; (4) Identifying uncertainty; and (5) Drawbacks. Conclusions: This review found that metacognition improves decision-making in healthcare practitioners through cognitive bias identification, facilitation of systematic approaches, holistic approaches, and creative thinking. However, consideration should be made to its limitations. Further research is required to fully understand the findings in relation to specific practice areas and their clinical implications.

Systematic biases and coarse resolutions are major limitations of current precipitation datasets. Many deep learning (DL) based studies have been conducted for precipitation bias correction and downscaling. However, it is still challenging for the current approaches to handle complex features of hourly precipitation, resulting in incapability of reproducing small scale features, such as extreme events. This study developed a customized DL model by incorporating customized loss functions, multitask learning, and physically relevant covariates to bias correct and downscale hourly precipitation data. We designed six scenarios to systematically evaluate the added values of weighted loss functions, multi-task learning, and atmospheric covariates compared to the regular DL and statistical approaches. The model was trained and tested using the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA2) reanalysis and the Stage IV radar observations over northern coastal region of Gulf of Mexico. We found that all the scenarios with weighted loss functions performed notably better than the other scenarios with conventional loss functions and a quantile mapping-based approach at hourly, daily, and monthly time scales as well as extremes. Multitask learning showed improved performance on capturing hourly precipitation climatology, aggregated precipitation at daily and monthly scales, and detailed features of extreme events, while the improvement is not as large as from weighted loss functions. Accounting for atmospheric covariates further improved the model performance for capturing extreme events. We show that the customized DL model can better downscale and bias correct precipitation datasets and provide improved precipitation estimates at fine spatial and temporal resolutions where regular DL and statistical methods experiencing challenges.

Nutrition supports social insect colonies by regulating both individual performance and colony growth. In honey bee colonies, task-related behaviors such as nursing and foraging are partially mediated by nutrition. Young workers (nurses) consume almost all of the pollen in the hive, while foragers consume mostly nectar. Pollen provides vital proteins and lipids, consumed by nurse bees for approximately 1 week post-eclosion. The role that lipids play in the physiology and behavior of adult bees is gaining significant attention. Recent research suggests that diets with balanced ratios of fatty acids increase olfactory learning in honey bees. Olfaction is crucial for young worker bees to perform brood care and cell cleaning behaviors, which is important for hive health and disease control. Thus, we targeted the early adult, pollen-feeding stage to examine how fatty acids affect cognition to hive-relevant odors. We fed young workers (days 0–9) diets balanced or unbalanced in their ratio of essential fatty acids (ω-6:3) sourced from pollen or cooking oils. We then measured their ability to learn healthy and damaged brood odors, as well as their ability to discriminate between the two. Workers fed balanced diets could learn and discriminate between brood odors better than workers fed unbalanced diets. Consumption of both diet types decreased with age, but their cognitive effects remained. These results suggest that diet affects young worker cognitive development, which may affect task-related behaviors and colony hygiene.

Grounded in self-determination theory and the motivational model of the coach-athlete relationship, the purpose of this study was to explore the antecedents of youth sport coaches’ autonomy-supportive and controlling behaviours using a multimethod approach. Recreational level youth swimming and football coaches (N = 12) participated in semi-structured interviews and were observed leading a coaching session. Interviews were thematically analysed and coaching sessions were analysed using the multidimensional motivational climate observation system. Analysis of the triangulated data revealed that the coaches were both autonomy-supportive and controlling in their interactions with athletes, but predominantly autonomy-supportive. Coaches reported that they coached in this way due to factors associated with their personal orientation (significant others’ influence, learning experiences, and beliefs about the role of the coach), the coaching context (time pressure), and perceptions of athletes’ characteristics (readiness for autonomy, gender, and quality of motivation). The findings are discussed in relation to personal and social processes that may determine coaching behaviours, and suggestions for coach development and future research are noted.

Aim/Purpose: Most programs are designed with full-time doctoral students’ characteristics and needs in mind; few programs consider the unique needs of part-time doctoral students, including time restrictions, experiences during the program, identity development, and different professional aspirations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential differences between part-time and full-time doctoral students in their scholarly development, and how technology may serve as a communication and organization tool for individual and program support. Background: Built on the application of communities of practice, information and communication technology, and situated learning theory, this study sought to evaluate the potential differences among full-time and part-time doctoral students associated with their scholarly development in a traditional doctoral program at a large research-intensive university. Methodology: This study used independent samples t-test to evaluate the potential differences between part-time and full-time doctoral students in their scholarly development. Data were collected from 98 doctoral students via a survey. This study also employed two hypothetical cases that described the issues and solutions related to the program pursuant to scholarly development, which further illustrated the quantitative results and provided more meaningful discussions and suggestions. Contribution: This study provided insights into part-time doctoral students’ scholarly development and provided suggestions for designing doctoral programs and differentiated mentoring for both full-time and part-time doctoral students. Further, additional multifaceted mentoring approaches including peer mentoring and e-mentoring were evaluated. Findings: Significant differences were found in four aspects of doctoral students’ scholarly development: the opportunities to do research related to grants with faculty, support for scholarly work in addition to advisor’s support, involvement in the teaching/supervision activities, and goals for scholarly development. Recommendations for Practitioners: Program designers, faculty, and especially mentors should appreciate the differences between part-time and full-time doctoral students. Potential program redesigns should include judicious applications of technology as essential components to address limited accessibility and opportunities for part-time students. An Individual Development Plan (IDP) should be used to mentor doctoral students to enhance the effectiveness of mentoring regarding academic goals, actions, and related roles and responsibilities. Recommendation for Researchers: Future research can further evaluate and develop the instrument to better measure more domains of doctoral students’ scholarly development. Additionally, qualitative methods may be used to further provide the emic description of the process of part-time students’ engagement with the program, mentors, and peers. Impact on Society: With consideration of the unique needs of part-time students and the application of technology-based learning community, opportunities are provided for mentors and doctoral students to engage in scholarship and develop a sense of belonging to their doctoral program. Future Research: Future research can examine the differences between male and female doctoral students, different race groups, and disciplines.

Researchers have called for additional empirical studies associated with video games. However, every game is novel in terms of mechanics, content, context, and agency; known variables may be operationalized differently based on the game involved. It is incumbent upon researchers to leverage or create the best tools when extracting data from games. This article models instrument development of a scale intended to catalog users’ actions in a novel context (i.e., the game League of Legends) using a mixed methods approach. Specifically, this work outlines data collection and validation strategies using an online social news aggregation, rating, and discussion resource (i.e., Reddit), involving multiple cycles to elicit expert input and queries to generate consensus from expert gamers, followed by analysis of responses and an exploratory factor analysis for scale construction. Reddit provided three unique functions relative to the process: (a) access to experts who informed the development of scale items, (b) a social space and mechanism to validate scale items, and (c) the opportunity to capture data necessary to establish the psychometric properties of the instrument. Findings associated with scale development (i.e., item generation, theoretical and psychometric analyses) are presented. Overall, implications for instrument development in continually evolving contexts are discussed.

Lacanienta and his colleagues (2018) recently reported results of a study of the effect of themes on quality of experience of youths during summer camp activities. Existing literature suggested that theming activity sessions would have a strong main effect. Results, though, revealed an activity-by-theme interaction effect, i.e., themes seem to be effective in some activities but not others. In this follow-up study, we describe results of a secondary analysis revealing significant new insights regarding theme. Adding an indicator of campers’ co-created, lived-experience theme into the models tested substantially clarified how objective theme, lived-experience theme, and activity interact in influencing the quality of structured experiences. This study, then, underscores the importance of including measures of participants’ co-created lived experience as we seek to understand techniques that can be used to enhance the quality of youths’ structured camp experiences.

Autologous T-cells engineered with T-cell receptors (TCRs) targeting tumor antigens are promising therapies for metastatic solid cancers.1 Specific peptide enhanced affinity receptor (SPEAR) T-cell therapies are T-cells with engineered HLA-restricted TCRs that precisely target tumor cells with specific antigens, such as MAGE-A4 (a cancer testis antigen), presented on the surface by HLA molecules. In SPEAR T-cell clinical trials targeting MAGE-A4, a 2-step prescreen is done before enrolment. 1) Patients undergo HLA typing via a high-resolution (allelic, 4-digit) sequence-based assay, and those who are positive for the inclusion alleles (HLA-A*02:01P, 02:02P, 02:03P, 02:06P) and not positive for the exclusion allele A*02:05P are eligible. 2) Tumor MAGE-A4 testing is done via an immunohistochemical clinical trial assay (MAGE-A4+ cutoff: ≥30% tumor cell staining at ≥2+ intensity) in HLA-eligible patients. A screening protocol (NCT02636855) has been used in Phase 1 trials of first- and next-generation SPEAR T-cells targeting MAGE-A4 (NCT03132922, NCT04044859) with responses in multiple MAGE-A4+ tumors. As of November 19, 2021, 6,168 patients with 9 solid tumor types were screened at 32 sites across North America and Europe in this screening protocol; among which, 2,744 were HLA-eligible (eligibility rate: 45%, range per tumor type: 42%-55%). HLA-A*02:01 was the most frequent HLA-A*02 allele. Of these HLA-eligible patients, 1,549 had tumor tissues evaluable for MAGE-A4 expression; among which, 313 were MAGE-A4+ (MAGE-A4+ rate: 20%, range: 8%-54%) (Table). MAGE-A4 showed highest prevalence in synovial sarcoma and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma but was seen across all tumor types investigated. Our results will be discussed in the context of tumor histopathology, disease status, and demography. HLA and MAGE-A4 biomarker data will inform the therapeutic opportunities for SPEAR T-cells targeting MAGE-A4 in metastatic solid cancers. 1. D’Angelo et al. Cancer Discov. 2018;8:944. HLA eligibility and MAGE-A4 prevalence in a screening protocol (NCT02636855) Indication Esophageal cancer Esophagogastric junction cancer Gastric cancer Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Non-small cell lung cancer Melanoma Ovarian cancer Urothelial cancer Synovial sarcoma and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma HLA screened (N) 284 228 271 601 3189 668 539 270 118 HLA eligible (%) 46 45 43 42 43 50 49 43 55 MAGE-A4 evaluable (N) 104 91 73 200 457 245 225 93 61 MAGE-A4 positive (%) 22 25 8 22 14 16 24 32 54 Citation Format: Tianjiao Wang, Jean-Marc Navenot, Stavros Rafail, Mark Carroll, Ruoxi Wang, Cheryl McAlpine, Swethajit Biswas, Francine Brophy, Erica Elefant, Paige Bayer, Sandra McGuigan, Dennis Williams, George Blumenschein, Marcus Butler, Jeffrey M. Clarke, Justin F. Gainor, Ramaswamy Govindan, Victor Moreno, Janet Tu, David S. Hong. Identifying MAGE-A4-positive tumors for SPEAR T-cell therapies in HLA-A*02-eligible patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB001.

Seasonal and interannual variations in global wetland area is a strong driver of fluctuations in global methane (CH4) emissions. Current maps of global wetland extent vary with wetland definition, causing substantial disagreement and large uncertainty in estimates of wetland methane emissions. To reconcile these differences for large-scale wetland CH4 modeling, we developed a global Wetland Area and Dynamics for Methane Modeling (WAD2M) dataset at ~25 km resolution at equator (0.25 arc-degree) at monthly time-step for 2000–2018. WAD2M combines a time series of surface inundation based on active and passive microwave remote sensing at coarse resolution (~25 km) with six static datasets that discriminate inland waters, agriculture, shoreline, and non-inundated wetlands. We exclude all permanent water bodies (e.g. lakes, ponds, rivers, and reservoirs), coastal wetlands (e.g., mangroves and sea grasses), and rice paddies to only represent spatiotemporal patterns of inundated and non-inundated vegetated wetlands. Globally, WAD2M estimates the long-term maximum wetland area at 13.0 million km2 (Mkm2), which can be separated into three categories: mean annual minimum of inundated and non-inundated wetlands at 3.5 Mkm2, seasonally inundated wetlands at 4.0 Mkm2 (mean annual maximum minus mean annual minimum), and intermittently inundated wetlands at 5.5 Mkm2 (long-term maximum minus mean annual maximum). WAD2M has good spatial agreements with independent wetland inventories for major wetland complexes, i.e., the Amazon Lowland Basin and West Siberian Lowlands, with high Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.54 and 0.70 respectively among multiple wetlands products. By evaluating the temporal variation of WAD2M against modeled prognostic inundation (i.e., TOPMODEL) and satellite observations of inundation and soil moisture, we show that it adequately represents interannual variation as well as the effect of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on global wetland extent. This wetland extent dataset will improve estimates of wetland CH4 fluxes for global-scale land surface modeling. The dataset can be found at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3998454 (Zhang et al., 2020).

This paper examines changes residential rooftop solar customers make to their demand and energy usage when they take service on a demand rate, and the impact those changes have on their bills and the utilities' cost of service.

Using themes (such as the Wild West or Survivor or Star Wars) in camp settings may enhance the quality of camp activities and youths’ overall camp experience. We evaluated the effect of theming camp experiences on the quality of subjective experiences of campers. Campers (N = 231) in 3 sessions of a residential 4-H camp participated in the study. One camp session was fully themed (all activities used tangible and intangible props, cues, and imaginary story contexts), a second was partially themed (intangible cues and stories only), and the third was not themed. Questionnaires measuring the quality of immediate subjective experiences (N=1,847) were completed following each of 8 activity sessions (e.g., climbing, fishing, swimming). Campers also completed a questionnaire for the purpose of overall camp evaluation at the end of their camp sessions. Activity-level data were analyzed using linear mixed modeling techniques. Ordinary least-squares regression was used to analyze campers’ overall camp experiences. Results at the activity level revealed significant theme-by-activity interaction effects. At the camp level, a hypothesized causal sequence linking theme to likelihood to recommend was supported.

Faced with the need to support a growing number of whole slide imaging (WSI) file formats, our team has extended a long-standing community file format (OME-TIFF) for use in digital pathology. The format makes use of the core TIFF specification to store multi-resolution (or "pyramidal") representations of a single slide in a flexible, performant manner. Here we describe the structure of this format, its performance characteristics, as well as an open-source library support for reading and writing pyramidal OME-TIFFs.

Australian composer Helen Gifford’s Regarding Faustus (1983) is an innovative musical theater setting of Christopher Marlowe’s tragedy Doctor Faustus, with additional adaptation from Marlowe’s Tamburlaine the Great, verse by Marston and Shakespeare, Greene’s Historie of Frier Bacon, and Frier Bongay, and Australian indigenous ceremonial practices. Developing the piece for performance by tenor Robert Gard, Gifford makes effective use of dissonance, with pitched and non-pitched percussion, and pre-recorded chorus, oscillating between diegetic and non-diegetic sounds. Her libretto underplays the visceral aspects of the Faustus character, who damns himself yet still invites our pity. The work is distinctive in its intercultural scope and creative synthesis.

Background In changing higher education environments, medical educators are increasingly challenged to prepare new doctors to care for ageing populations. The Depth of Field: Exploring Ageing resource (DOF) uses photographs, reflective questioning prompts, older adults’ narratives and collaborative dialogue to foster anticipatory reflection or ‘preflection’ in medical students prior to their first geriatric medicine clinical placement. The aim of this research is to explore whether photographs, narratives and small group collaborative dialogue fosters reflective learning, enhances reflective capacity and has the potential to shift medical students’ attitudes towards caring for older adults. Methods This study used a mixed method evaluation design, measuring attitudes using pre and post questionnaire responses and individual written reflections drawn from 128 second year medical students, exploring their perceptions toward older adults. Results Quantitative and qualitative data indicated that the DOF session generated reflective learning that resulted in positive shifts in medical students’ perceptions towards older adults. The qualitative reflections were captured in four main themes: the opportunity provided to Envision working with older adults; the Tension created to challenge learners’ misinformed assumptions, and the work of Dismantling those assumptions, leading to Seeing older people as individuals. Conclusions These findings highlight how visual and narrative methodologies can be used as an effective reflective learning tool to challenge medical students’ assumptions around ageing and how these may influence their care of older adults.

The hyper-virulent emm59 genotype of invasive group A Streptococcus was identified in northern Arizona in 2015. Eighteen isolates belonging to a genomic cluster grouped most closely with recently identified isolates in New Mexico. The continued transmission of emm59 in the southwestern United States poses a public health concern.

Ephemeris error is a limiting factor in GPS position accuracy. The newly introduced GPS Civil Navigation (CNAV) broadcast message, an upgraded version of the legacy NAV message, is designed to provide users with more precise satellite orbit and timing parameters. A CNAV broadcast test was conducted in 2013 on the L2C and L5 bands. Since April 2014, pre-operational CNAV started to broadcast to civilian users. Baseband civil GPS signals on L1, L2, and L5 were recorded during the broadcast test and the pre-operational broadcast using wideband software radio front ends. The signals were acquired and tracked, with navigation messages decoded by the conventional Viterbi method and a computationally efficient matrix-based method. GPS ephemerides were extracted from the messages to compute satellite orbit solutions. This paper evaluates the orbit solution of both CNAV and Legacy NAV during the same time period to demonstrate the improvements in the CNAV ephemeris accuracy. Copyright © 2015 Institute of Navigation.

Contents: Introduction Music and ideology: Rameau, Rousseau, and 1789, Charles B. Paul The French musical theater: maintaining control in Caribbean colonies in the 18th-century, David M. Powers Mozart and Freemasonry, Katharine Thomson Beethovena (TM)s political music, the Handelian sublime, and the aesthetics of prostration, Nicholas Mathew Deconstructing a a "national composer': Chopin and Polish exiles in Paris, 1831-49, Jolanta T. Pekacz On Ruslan and Russianness, Marina Frolova-Walker Music in Paris during the Franco-Prussian war and the Commune, Jess Tyre The old lie, Glenn Watkins The composer as intellectual: ideological inscriptions in French interwar neoclassicism, Jane F. Fulcher The distorted sublime: music and National Socialist ideology - a sketch, Reinhold Brinkmann What is a "Nazi musica (TM)?, Pamela M. Potter Public lies and unspeakable truth interpreting Shostakovicha (TM)s 5th symphony, Richard Taruskin Beyond the folk song: or, what was Hungarian Socialist Realist music?, Danielle Fosler-Lussier Ike gets Dizzy, Penny M. Von Eschen Born under a bad sign, Robin Denselow Rock and the politics of memory, Simon Frith Appropriating the mastera (TM)s tools: Sun Ra, the Black Panthers and Black consciousness, 1952-1973, Daniel Kreiss Music under Mao, its background and aftermath, Mao Yu Run Power, authority and music in the cultures of Inner Asia, Jean During As Plato duly warned: music, politics and social change in coastal East Africa, Kelly M. Askew African music, ideology and utopia, Nick Nesbitt Brechtian hip-hop: didactics and self-production in post-Gangsta political mixtapes, George Ciccariello Maher Political music and the politics of music, Lydia Goehr Name index.

Safety and security critical GNSS applications ensure system integrity by performing long-term monitoring to quantify and characterize GNSS signal anomalies. Multipath represents a significant error source that hinders these high fidelity signal quality monitoring activities. Currently, multipath at monitoring stations is addressed by careful antenna siting and the use of azimuth and elevation-based masking. However, as urban development around airports and other monitoring installations continues to occur, these solutions may not suffice and more aggressive multipath mitigation technologies are needed. This paper explores the use of Correlator Beamforming as a potential solution. Correlator Beamforming multiplexes the received signals from a multi-element antenna into a single data stream and forms independent beams towards satellites as part of the GNSS receiver’s correlation processing. The resulting attenuation at off-beam directions has been shown to reject multipath almost as effectively as a traditional controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA) digital beamformer, but at a fraction of the cost of the latter. This paper compares the relative multipath rejection performance of four antenna-receiver topologies: 1) a single element antenna and typical receiver processing, 2) a geodetic-grade antenna and typical receiver processing, 3) a multi-element antenna and traditional CRPA beamforming, 4) the same multi-element antenna and Correlator Beamforming. The effects of multipath are analyzed in terms of carrier-to-noise ratio fading, de-trended code-carrier divergence, and three-dimensional position solution errors. The results presented in this paper are relevant for all GNSS monitoring applications.

This article evaluates the compositional aesthetic of the Yale-educated, Virgil Thomson-trained Australian composer Graeme Koehne (b. 1956). Focusing on three recent works by Koehne (In-Flight Entertainment, The Ringtone Cycle , and Mass for the Middle Aged) , the study maps his aesthetic and praxis onto philosophical, intellectual, and aesthetic strategies aligned with the everyday, or quotidian, and its artistic expression. Philosophically, Koehne’s creative locus intersects with the idea of the ecstatic quotidian, as articulated by Jennifer Anna Gosetti-Ferencei. Intellectually, the world that the three works inhabit can no longer be described accurately as postmodern. Koehne’s approach is to chronicle the vicissitudes of life in what Gilles Lipovetsky argues is today’s hypermodern world. Like Marc Auge in his promotion of a more anthropologically orientated supermodernity, Lipovetsky is concerned, as is Koehne, with the way we as individuals negotiate the complexities, excesses, paradoxes, and anxieties of twenty-first-century life. It is argued that Koehne’s music has much in common aesthetically with the neo-realism that has emerged in literary circles as a counterweight to postmodernism. In so doing, the essay encourages a re-evaluation of notions of postmodernity as they are applied to music.

The development of a system for the digital publication of music is rapidly moving from the realm of fantasy to immediate reality. But a number of significant hurdles impede the development of an efficient and effective system for delivering music digitally, not the least being the current inconsistencies and idiosyncrasies which abound in the referencing systems of published music around the globe. Using the knowledge gained from developing a system to represent the diverse catalogues of many music publishers in his Zinfonia publisher portal, Peter Grimshaw of BTM Innovation has developed a Universal Instrumentation Code which reconciles the various styles by which information about published music is categorised and represented. As outlined here, the Code enables significant new functionality to support the digital publication of music.

This article traces the development and functionality of a new music cataloging system. The new system draws simultaneously on an understanding of classical music's performance culture, reliant as it is upon reading hard copy print music supplied by a central music publisher, and capitalizes on digital formatting and Internet distribution technologies.

Multipath is the single largest naturally occurring un-modelled error source that affects high-accuracy and differential GNSS applications. Even though decades of research and development on advanced multipath mitigating antennas and correlator gating techniques have contributed significantly to reducing this error source, short delay, higher-elevation and carrier multipath continues to be a problem. It is well known that antenna array-based beamforming is particularly effective against these types of multipath. However, traditional beamforming technology is too large, heavy, power hungry and costly for all but a few specific applications. Locata Corporation’s Correlator Beamforming technology employs RF signal switching and a single front-end to significantly reduce complexity, power consumption and cost. The technology has been shown to be effective at mitigating multipath in non-GNSS terrestrial and challenging indoor applications. This paper investigates the feasibility of applying Correlator Beamforming to GNSS. The results reported in this paper shows that a Correlator Beamforming GPS receiver is nearly as effective as a full beamsteering receiver at rejecting multipath.

Despite significant advances in biological imaging and analysis, major informatics challenges remain unsolved: file formats are proprietary, storage and analysis facilities are lacking, as are standards for sharing image data and results. While the open FITS file format is ubiquitous in astronomy, astronomical imaging shares many challenges with biological imaging, including the need to share large image sets using secure, cross-platform APIs, and the need for scalable applications for processing and visualization. The Open Microscopy Environment (OME) is an open-source software framework developed to address these challenges. OME tools include: an open data model for multidimensional imaging (OME Data Model); an open file format (OME-TIFF) and library (Bio-Formats) enabling free access to images (5D+) written in more than 145 formats from many imaging domains, including FITS; and a data management server (OMERO). The Java-based OMERO client-server platform comprises an image metadata store, an image repository, visualization and analysis by remote access, allowing sharing and publishing of image data. OMERO provides a means to manage the data through a multi-platform API. OMERO’s model-based architecture has enabled its extension into a range of imaging domains, including light and electron microscopy, high content screening, digital pathology and recently into applications using non-image data from clinical and genomic studies. This is made possible using the Bio-Formats library. The current release includes a single mechanism for accessing image data of all types, regardless of original file format, via Java, C/C++ and Python and a variety of applications and environments (e.g. ImageJ, Matlab and R).

Rationale: Increased thickness of the airway smooth muscle (ASM) layer in asthma may result from hyperplasia or hypertrophy of muscle cells or increased extracellular matrix (ECM).Objectives: To relate ASM hypertrophy, ASM hyperplasia, and deposition of ECM to the severity and duration of asthma.Methods: Airways from control subjects (n = 51) and from cases of nonfatal (n = 49) and fatal (n = 55) asthma were examined postmortem. Mean ASM cell volume (VC), the number of ASM cells per length of airway (NL), and the volume fraction of extracellular matrix (fECM) within the ASM layer were estimated. Comparisons between subject groups were made on the basis of general linear regression models.Measurements and Main Results: Mean VC was increased in the large airways of cases of nonfatal asthma (P = 0.015) and fatal asthma (P < 0.001) compared with control subjects. NL was similar in nonfatal cases and control subjects but increased in large (P < 0.001), medium (P < 0.001), and small (P = 0.034) airways of cases...

The study sought to determine whether mast cell counts in endobronchial biopsies of large airways are related to mast cell counts in the small airways.Lungs, obtained postmortem from 10 subjects who had died of non-respiratory causes, were fixed in inflation. Mast cell densities (cells/mm(3)), determined with an optical disector, were compared on histological sections (30 μm thick) of biopsies and small airways stained with human anti-mast cell tryptase.Mean mast cell density over the inner airway wall in biopsies was significantly related to mean mast cell density over the total airway wall in the small airways (r=∼0.80, p0.01). A minimum of three biopsies per case was required to demonstrate this relationship. Within relevant count areas, mast cell density was about 1.6-fold higher in the small airways than in the biopsies.These findings suggest that when mean counts from at least three biopsies per case are used, intersubject comparisons of mast cell density in the inner airway wall in endobronchial biopsies reflect intersubject comparisons of mast cell density over the total airway wall in small airways. This is despite the observation that mast cell densities are generally higher in the small airways.

Music, Politics, and Violence Edited by Susan Fast and Kip Pegley. Middletown CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2012.

Jimi Hendrix's ‘The Burning of the Midnight Lamp’ is one of his lesser known and certainly more enigmatic songs. Its melancholic disposition stands in stark contrast to the otherwise unbridled optimism of 1967's so-called ‘Summer of Love’, during which time it was released. The current study argues that in its style and idea the song offers itself as an exemplar of existential psychedelia: that its preoccupation with the existential dilemma is best seen as a product of Hendrix's struggle to come to terms with the expectations placed upon him by the mid-1960s UK counterculture. After detailing the genesis of the song, the study highlights the ways in which the music accentuates the angst conveyed in the lyrics. It then situates the song within a more nuanced reading of psychedelia, its attendant values and preoccupations.

The Blaue Reiter almanac (Munich, 1912) ranks as one of the twentieth century's seminal artistic treatises. Edited by the painters Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc, the almanac explored the art and ideas of those thought by the editors to be sympathetic to Kandinsky's idea of ‘inner necessity’. Taking as its point of departure the inclusion in the almanac of Arnold Schoenberg's Herzgewachse, op. 20 (after Maurice Maeterlinck), Anton Webern's ‘Ihr tratet zu dem Herde’, op. 4, no. 5 (Stefan George), and Alban Berg's ‘Warm die Lufte’, op. 2, no. 4 (Alfred Mombert), the current study draws upon the theoretical writings of Kandinsky in order to establish what was meant by the term ‘inner necessity’. The study employs interdisciplinary perspectives in order to establish how the painter was able to form the view that the three songs were capable of articulating the idea of ‘inner necessity’.

Pastoral care of teachers is concerned with their personal, individual recognition, needs and welfare. The concept dates back to the 1970s and has been elaborated in the literature in succeeding decades. This article attempts to draw together various outlines on the subject, focusing on what they suggest about how pastoral care of teachers can be implemented. The resulting model is presented in the form of tables summarizing authors’ suggestions in five key areas of support: Induction, Curriculum, Procedural, Professional and Personal.

Two forms of membrane-bound beta-glucosidase in the spleen of normal individuals were distinguished by their thermostability properties. The heat-labile form A predominates; it catalyzes the hydrolysis of the natural substrate, glucosylceramide, and is activated by the detergent, sodium taurocholate. The minor heat-stable form B is inactive against glucosylceramide and is inhibited by taurocholate. The activity of form A increases from childhood to adult life, as does the activity of the soluble beta-glucosidase and of glucosylceramide beta-glucosidase. In the spleen of nine patients with different types of Gaucher's disease the residual membrane-bound beta-glucosidase was predominantly heat-stable and inhibited by taurocholate. There was no clear correlation between the properties of the residual enzyme in the different types of the disorder and their respective clinical severity. The results are discussed in relation to the biochemical pathogenesis and the enzymatic diagnosis of Gaucher's disease.

The Open Microscopy Environment (OME) has built and released Bio-Formats, a Java-based proprietary file format conversion tool and OMERO, an enterprise data management platform under open source licenses. In this report, we describe new versions of Bio-Formats and OMERO that are specifically designed to support large, multi-gigabyte or terabyte scale datasets that are routinely collected across most domains of biological and biomedical research. Bio- Formats reads image data directly from native proprietary formats, bypassing the need for conversion into a standard format. It implements the concept of a file set, a container that defines the contents of multi-dimensional data comprised of many files. OMERO uses Bio-Formats to read files natively, and provides a flexible access mechanism that supports several different storage and access strategies. These new capabilities of OMERO and Bio-Formats make them especially useful for use in imaging applications like digital pathology, high content screening and light sheet microscopy that create routinely large datasets that must be managed and analyzed.

Background: Remote monitoring for heart failure (HF) has had mixed and heterogeneous effects across studies, necessitating further evaluation of remote monitoring systems within specific healthcare systems and their patient populations. “Care Beyond Walls and Wires,” a wireless remote monitoring program to facilitate patient and care team co-management of HF patients, served by a rural regional medical center, provided the opportunity to evaluate the effects of this program on healthcare utilization. Materials and Methods: Fifty HF patients admitted to Flagstaff Medical Center (Flagstaff, AZ) participated in the project. Many of these patients lived in underserved and rural communities, including Native American reservations. Enrolled patients received mobile, broadband-enabled remote monitoring devices. A matched cohort was identified for comparison. Results: HF patients enrolled in this program showed substantial and statistically significant reductions in healthcare utilization during the 6 months following enrollment, and these reductions were significantly greater compared with those who declined to participate but not when compared with a matched cohort. Conclusions: The findings from this project indicate that a remote HF monitoring program can be successfully implemented in a rural, underserved area. Reductions in healthcare utilization were observed among program participants, but reductions were also observed among a matched cohort, illustrating the need for rigorous assessment of the effects of HF remote monitoring programs in healthcare systems.

The Indian Health Service has been a leader in implementing telehealth programs and technologies that increase access to and efficiencies in care, particularly in the fields of mental health and ophthalmology.

Telehealth innovation has brought important improvements in access to quality healthcare for American Indian and Alaska Native communities. Despite these improvements, substantive work remains before telehealth capability can be more available and sustainable across Indian healthcare. Some of this work will rely on system change guided by new care model development. Such care model development depends on expansion of telehealth reimbursement. The U.S. Indian healthcare system is an ideal framework for implementing and evaluating large-scale change in U.S. telehealth reimbursement policy.

Adrenomedullin, originally identified in the adrenal medulla, has binding sites in the adrenal gland; however, its role in the adrenal medulla is unclear. This study was designed to characterise adrenomedullin binding sites in the rat adrenal medulla, using ligand binding studies, immunocytochemistry, and mRNA analysis. A single population of specific adrenomedullin receptors was identified in adrenal medullary homogenates. 125I-Adrenomedullin was displaced only by adrenomedullin1-50 and not by calcitonin gene-related peptide or amylin at concentrations up to 100 nmol/L. The receptor KD was 3.64 nmol/L with a receptor density of 570 fmol/mg of protein. Analysis of mRNA revealed that the genes encoding both the putative adrenomedullin receptors, termed calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and L1, were expressed in the rat adrenal medulla. Dual-colour indirect-labelled immunofluorescence was used to localise phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and the adrenomedullin receptor in the same section. PNMT is the enzyme that converts noradrenaline to adrenaline and is not expressed in noradrenaline-secreting cells. These studies revealed that both CRLR and L1 were expressed only in cells that did not express PNMT, suggesting that adrenomedullin receptors are only found in noradrenaline-secreting cells. Further evidence to support this conclusion was provided by the demonstration of colocalisation of adrenomedullin receptors with dopamine β-hydroxylase, confirming the presence of the receptors in medullary chromaffin cells. Taken together, these data suggest that adrenomedullin acts through a specific adrenomedullin receptor in the rat adrenal medulla. RT-PCR and northern blot analysis revealed greater abundance of mRNA for L1 than for CRLR, possibly suggesting that L1 may be the major adrenomedullin receptor expressed in this tissue. As it has been reported that adrenomedullin is synthesised predominantly by adrenaline-secreting cells, it appears likely that adrenomedullin is a paracrine regulator in the adrenal medulla.

During the past two decades, GPS receivers have gained tremendous popularity as passive sensing instruments for ionospheric scintillation monitoring due to their low cost and GPS signals' distributed global coverage. The emergence of Russian's GLONASS, China's Beidou, and the European Union's Galileo satellites has nearly doubled the number of ionosphere piercing points (IPP) offered by GPS alone, greatly improving the spatial coverage of observations. Contemporary GNSS open signals implement data-less pilot channels at multiple bands, which enable more robust receiver tracking loop designs and studies of the dispersive properties of the ionospheric medium. There are, however, challenges in effectively utilizing this massive number of signals. This paper will present an event-driven, multi-constellation, multi-band GNSS data collection system and equatorial scintillation observations generated from data collected during the current solar maximum using the system.

This paper presents software receiver processing results of GPS L1, L2C, and L5 signals undergoing strong ionosphere scintillation. The data used in this study were obtained from a multi-GNSS multi-band IF data collection system at Ascension Island in March 2013. Detailed signal processing algorithms and scintillation indices calculated from carrier tracking loop output such as S4 and σ φ are presented and the results are compared with the output of a co-located Septentrio PolaRxS receiver.