Search

My doctoral dissertation aims to study the Tukkhā songs of North Bengal composed by the Rājbaṃśī community in the Rājbaṃśī lect, a living tradition largely unexplored by the academic community in Bengal and beyond. My paper analyses language and practice, combining literary criticism with anthropological research. These songs were influenced by the esoteric devotional traditions such as the Buddhist Sahajayāna, Śaiva, Śākta and Vaiṣṇava traditions of north-eastern India. I have conducted extensive fieldwork in North Bengal (2017-2020) and documented and archived a number of songs (close to one hundred), interviews and audio-visual performances. My work focuses on the oral tradition (songs) and performative art and on the direct connections between the Rājbaṃśī living traditions, rituals and cosmology depicted in Tantric medieval literature. My work explores mysticism and language, politics of an alternative imaginative space, which I examine as an expression of esoteric devotionalism in the context of the socio-historical and religious evolution of the Rājbaṃśī community. I assess the artistic and political implications of this literature through a close assessment of how it is performed in the present day. I have translated a corpus of these songs into English for the first time and majority of these songs have not been published before. These songs have created a powerful medium of their self-assertion of the historical consciousness of the Rājbaṃśī community, which has been subjected to political and cultural marginalization. This community has produced diverse genres of songs including Tukkhā, Bhāwaiyā, Tistābuṛir gān (songs for Tista river), songs for Satya- Pīr and Maynāmatī (related to the Nāth cult in Bengal), which are important documents of the cultural traditions of this community, thematically and historically in terms of content, literary value and performance traditions. My thesis also explores notions of identity, marginality, subjectivity, and constructs a critical history ‘from below’ through the medium of literature of the Rājbaṃśī community. While studying the various metaphors used in the Tukkhā songs, the thesis will try to understand the various strands of heterodox religious ideas that were deeply imbricated in older Tantric traditions and how they were responded to, negotiated with, assimilated, and hybridized. The contours of Tukkhā, as a field and as a living tradition have been refigured and reinvented, while it has engaged with various socio-historical changes in historical, religious and political landscape of North Bengal. The metaphors contained in the songs reveal socio-religious and historical clues about the possible influences on these songs in the absence of substantial secondary sources of literature on the Tukkhā songs. My strategy was to connect the various strands of socio-religious traditions and their influences on the Rājbaṃśī community in constructing a preliminary history of the Tukkhā tradition.

PURPOSE: The article aims to analyze the differentiation in poverty and social exclusion in the European Union countries between 2010 and 2018. The empirical research was based on a database of sustainable development indicators, from which indicators describing poverty and social exclusion were selected., DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The research used one of the taxonomic methods – the TOPSIS method, based on which countries were divided into four classes characterized by a similar level of poverty and social exclusion., FINDINGS: The research results show that the highest level of poverty and social exclusion (at least 20th place in the rankings) was recorded mainly in the EU countries after 2004, except for Greece and Portugal. On the other hand, Finland had the lowest level of poverty and social exclusion in 2010 (in 2018, it was ranked second), and in 2018 the Chech Republic, which, compared to 2010, moved up by four positions in the ranking., PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The presented research results are essential for developing a policy of eradicating poverty and social exclusion. Well-functioning social protection systems can have a stabilizing effect on the economy and promote socio-economic equality., ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The article contributes to the most current European and world scientific discussions on the need to eliminate poverty and social exclusion, which are some of the world's most severe social problems., peer-reviewed

Even after six and a half decades since Indian Independence, Dalits (ex-untouchables and oppressed castes) continue to experience caste-based discrimination and social exclusion in social as well as economic life. This research examines the incorporation of Dalits into the business economy - how they enter the market as owners of businesses rather than as wage-workers. The research has three key objectives: first, to analyse the spatial and sectoral patterns and variation of Dalit’s incorporation; second, to explain factors and processes affecting their entry; and third, to analyse the implications of key social and economic policies on Dalits’ incorporation. This doctoral research project uses mixed methods, moves between different scales and deploys a wide range of evidence. The research estimates ‘indices of participation’ and produces a series of maps to show patterns and trajectories. It uses spatial econometric techniques to model quantifiable factors affecting Dalits’ entry. It relies on qualitative methods for individual case studies to unravel other factors and processes. Using Schaffer’s policy analysis framework, the research examines the politics of affirmative policies for Dalit businesses in the agenda-setting, the establishing of procedures and rules, and resource mobilisation. The study revealed that the trajectory of Dalits’ incorporation is uneven and the spatial patterns across several sectors and regions show persistent under-representation. Urbanisation is the most significant predictor of Dalits’ incorporation. Dalits’ entry into the business is conditioned by the interactions of opportunities and resources and by the barriers created by subtle forms of exclusionary and discriminatory practices inherent in social structures, market institutions and the state. The study also found that the politics of patronage, of bureaucratic inefficiency, underinvestment and procrastination, and of domination of the business interests of higher castes are mutually reinforcing. This research has clear policy significance from the perspectives of equity and inclusiveness in the business economy.

This article will introduce the Love Talks and Neighbourhood (later Love Talks) project, part of the AMASS, Acting on the Margin: Arts as Social Sculpture project. Love Talks was realised in Finnish Lapland in 2020, as part of an effort by local artists and art education students to explore how arts initiatives can build tolerant, community-focused neighbourhoods, while reflecting on how such activities can be scaled up to larger initiatives. The artists and art educators involved in the project took on the roles of teachers, developers, enablers, curators, facilitators, producers and creators of a new dialogic operational culture. The project asked whether socially engaged art can provide new tools for social interaction and increased collaboration. Can it lead to a new dialogue, critical discussions and new forums for participation? This paper highlights the importance of paying attention to how activities are organised and realised in the diverse and often challenging environments characteristic of socially engaged art and community-based art education. It explores how to promote encounters, tolerance and well-being through the use of art, and the role of culture and art in promoting social inclusion, capacity building, networking and participation in daily life and living environments., peer-reviewed

RESUMEN: El proyecto interdisciplinario de investigación Contramiradas explora los impactos que tiene la infraestructura urbana sobre las realidades sociales, económicas y culturales de quienes residen en puntos focalizados de Medellín y el Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá (AMVA). A través de la investigación empírica en forma de 130 entrevistas semiestructuradas a residentes en estos barrios, al igual que a personas expertas que han desarrollado investigaciones y/o acciones populares en el territorio y grupos focales con jóvenes y mujeres, el proyecto Contramiradas realizó un acercamiento para visualizar la organización, construcción y supervivencia de las poblaciones que viven en barrios periféricos de la zona nororiental de Medellín y Bello. Se encontró que prácticas específicas como la autogestión y convites, son usadas por habitantes de las partes más alejadas del centro de Medellín con el objetivo de recrear un hábitat como alternativa a una ciudad con fuertes procesos de segregación y marginalidad asociados al fenómeno de la informalidad, donde los recientes desarrollos en infraestructura no han sido suficientes para resolver las desigualdades urbanas. ABSTRACT: The interdisciplinary research project Contramiradas explores the impacts that urban infrastructure has on the social, economic and cultural realities of those who reside in focal points of Medellín and the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley (AMVA). Through empirical research in the form of 130 semi-structured interviews with residents in these neighborhoods, as well as with experts who have developed research and / or popular actions in the territory and focus groups with young people and women, the Contramiradas project made an approach to visualize the organization, construction and survival of the populations that live in peripheral neighborhoods of the northeastern zone of Medellín and Bello. It was found that specific practices such as self-management and so-called “convites” or work groups are used by inhabitants of the most remote parts of the center of Medellín with the aim of recreating a habitat as an alternative to a city with strong processes of segregation and marginality associated with the phenomenon of informality, where recent infrastructure developments have not been sufficient to resolve urban inequalities.

PURPOSE: There is no doubt that homelessness is one of the greatest problems of the 21st century that has contributed to the deepening of social inequalities and discrimination, making extensive groups of people without a place to live vulnerable to being unable to exercise fundamental rights and freedoms. The aim of the paper is to answer the following research question—are rights of homeless persons protected under the universal system of human rights?, DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Basic research methods used in this study include the analytical method with a particular focus on the work of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Additionally, the method of interpretation of norms of applicable law will also be used and aided by the statistical method., FINDINGS: The research results have confirmed that the public international law analyses include regulations that refer to the protection of homeless persons under the universal system. It is necessary for states to increase funds allocated to fight the adverse consequences of a lack of a place to live, and international organizations (most of all the UN and its specialized agencies) should play a special role in coordinating such tasks., PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The research presented in the paper is particularly important for the protection of fundamental human rights and as a result it specifies possible further support for persons in the homelessness crisis and new directions of development of relevant policies of states and international organizations, which has a crucial practical relevance., ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The research will allow a look at the international system of protection of human rights from the perspective of homeless persons, pointing to the scope of rights they are afforded and the possibility to exercise them., The author would like to express his gratitude to the Institute of Legal Studies, Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Szczecin (Poland) for the financial support given to this research., peer-reviewed

Este documento procura reflexionar críticamente sobre el papel de la educación jurídica alternativa como piedra angular del método clínico. A partir de una breve lectura contextual del fenómeno global del COVID-19 y de sus impactos a nivel nacional, se devela la incapacidad real del estado social de derecho para extender la justicia social por todo el corpus popular. En particular, esta aseveración confirma la necesidad de descolonizar el derecho como campo reproductor de la colonialidad del ser, del saber y del poder. La metodología de este trabajo es la siguiente. Primero, se propone como antesala de la discusión una invitación a superar las lecturas legalocéntricas o tradicionalistas del derecho, que no se han cuestionado críticamente la función reproductora de la crisis de justicia social por parte del Estado moderno/colonial/capitalista. La categoría vertebradora de pueblo oculto permite entender que la discriminación y la exclusión social hoy agravadas por el COVID-19 están atravesadas por los derroteros del racismo implantado por la colonialidad. Estas dos últimas categorías vertebradoras (racismo y colonialidad) se constituyen como pilares explicativos del fenómeno del doble estado de excepción que emerge en las zonas periféricas del país This document attempts to reflect critically on the function of alternative legal education as a pillar of the clinical method, from a broad contextual hindsight of the global phenomenon of COVID-19 and its nationwide impacts, and how it demonstrates the real disability of the rule of law to extend social justice around the whole popular corpus. This argument affirms the need to decolonize the law as a reproducer of coloniality of being, of knowledge and power. The working method is as follows. First, it is proposed as a prelude to an invitation to overcome the legal-centric or traditionalist views of law that have not questioned the reproductive function of crisis on behalf of the modern/colonial/capitalist state. The backbone category of hidden people allows to understand that the discrimination and social exclusion aggravated by COVID-19 are crossed by racism, as a result of coloniality

Ao problematizar um documento da década de 1950 em que se se faziam perceber determinadas ações de xenofobia e racismo desenvolvidas por algumas barbearias de Caxias de Sul, um outro ponto seria percebido: haveria, ali, uma aparente rede de restrições que limitaria tanto o fluxo quanto o acesso a determinados espaços da cidade contemporânea. Em comum entre as tensões pretéritas e contemporâneas ter-se-ia a similaridade dos sujeitos submissos às intolerâncias, opressões ou humilhações e os seus locais de origem. Valendo-me do paradigma indiciário e dos pressupostos teóricos da história cultural, o estudo percebe, por meio da análise da historicidade local e de seus espaços de memória, a possibilidade de se tensionar uma instigante força social e pedagógica contra as conflitantes generalizações, exclusões e apagamentos sociais ali percebidos. A cidade é memória, história e vida. Ela é, acima de tudo, dinamismo, movimento e representação humana, seja ela coletiva ou individual. Logo, também pode apresentar as mais diversas estruturas de opressão e invisibilidade, por vezes sedimentadas tanto em seus espaços educativos quanto de apresentação/representação de memórias ou de fluxos em constante transformação. A historicidade que apresento ao longo de meu estudo tensiona a memória tradicional ao passo que percebe o potencial educativo das cidades como elo para a educação contemporânea; uma educação que se aventure pela urbe, disposta a iluminar as zonas de sombra em que se acondicionam as exclusões sociais e ampliar o volume das polifonias que, por vezes, não são vistas ou ouvidas; uma educação perturbadora perante o estabelecido social, desafiadora das desigualdades. Assim, considero que minha tese surge indissociável da historicidade que compõe o espaço, objeto de reflexão perante as ações e decisões humanas ali desenvolvidas, com reflexos contundentes tanto na relação entre seus cidadãos quanto com os produtos ou espaços culturais de representação decorrentes de tais decisões. Assim, ao considerar os processos históricos de formação e transformação da cidade de Caxias do Sul, o fluxo humano e as sociabilidades existentes, o uso democrático da cidade e de seus equipamentos culturais e, por fim, os próprios desafios sociais e pedagógicos observados tanto no cotidiano urbano quanto no campo escolar da cidade, considero que o objetivo geral da minha tese é contribuir para um maior entendimento da cidade como possibilidade educadora, potencializando as relações entre os campos pedagógico, histórico, social e cultural da cidade de Caxias do Sul/RS, com suas efervescentes continuidades e/ou rupturas. A tese que orienta minha pesquisa é a de que a historicidade ali percebida desvela uma impactante rede de ações e representações deseducadoras perante determinados grupos sociais, especialmente àqueles identificados como periféricos, por vezes destacados como detentores de um capital social, político ou simbólico inferior frente às representações sociais dominantes. Logo, tais ações evidenciam uma importante fragilidade enquanto Cidade Educadora, que se vê inserida em um complexo contexto de impotência sobre determinados campos sociais e espaços culturais da sociedade. Considero que refletir sobre tais historicidades e suas decorrências possibilita pensar a cidade em meio a tensões educacionais desviantes ao campo tradicional, o que a configura como educadora em uma potência elevada frente à problematização histórica e contemporânea, pois tais exclusões e invisibilidades que tencionam a diversidade social, cultural e étnica ali existente fazem-se perceber desde os primórdios da colonização do espaço até o tempo presente [resumo fornecido pelo autor]. When problematizing a document from the 1950s in which certain actions of xenophobia and racism were perceived by some barber shops in Caxias de Sul, another point would be noticed: there would be, there, an apparent network of restrictions that would limit both the flow and access to certain spaces of the contemporary city. In common between past and contemporary tensions, there would be the similarity of subjects subject to intolerance, oppression or humiliation and their places of origin. Based on the indicative paradigm and the theoretical assumptions of cultural history, the study realizes, through the analysis of local historicity and its memory spaces, the possibility of tensioning an instigating social and pedagogical force against conflicting generalizations, exclusions and social deletions perceived there. The city is memory, history and life. It is, above all, dynamism, movement and human representation, whether collective or individual. Therefore, it can also present the most diverse structures of oppression and invisibility, sometimes sedimented both in its educational spaces and in the presentation / representation of memories or flows in constant transformation. The historicity that I present throughout my study emphasizes traditional memory when perceiving the educational potential of cities as a link with contemporary education; an education that ventures through the city, willing to illuminate the shadow areas in which social exclusions are accommodated and to expand the volume of polyphonies that are sometimes not seen or heard; worrying education before social establishment, challenging inequalities. Thus, I consider that my thesis arises inseparable from the historicity that makes up the space, an object of reflection in the face of the human actions and decisions developed there, with remarkable reflections both in the relationship between its citizens and with the products or cultural spaces of representation resulting from it. such decisions. Thus, when considering the historical processes of formation and transformation of the city of Caxias do Sul, the human flow and the existing sociability, the democratic use of the city and its cultural facilities and, finally, the social and pedagogical challenges observed both in the In the urban daily life and in the school field of the city, I consider that the general objective of my thesis is to contribute to a greater understanding of the city as an educational possibility, enhancing the relationships between the pedagogical, historical, social and cultural fields of the city. the city of Caxias do Sul / RS, with its effervescent ruptures and / or ruptures. The thesis that guides my research is that the historicity perceived there reveals an impacting network of educational actions and representations before certain social groups, especially those identified as peripheral, sometimes highlighted as having a lower social, political or symbolic capital in relation to the representations dominant social Therefore, such actions show an important weakness as an Educating City, which is inserted in a complex context of impotence over certain social fields and cultural spaces of society. I believe that reflecting on such historicity and its consequences makes it possible to think of the city in the midst of educational tensions far from the traditional countryside, which configures it as a high-power educator in the face of historical and contemporary problematization, such as such exclusions and invisibilities that tend to social and cultural diversity. and ethnic groups are visible from the beginning of the colonization of space to the present [resumo fornecido pelo autor].

Els paradigmes de mobilitat urbana estan en constant evolució i van fortament lligats al context ambiental i social. Amb una població que tendeix a les grans ciutats, la gestió de la mobilitat i l’urbanisme passa per un diàleg entre els diferents actors que regeixen els desplaçaments; des de les administracions públiques a les empreses privades i particulars, la mobilitat es configura al voltant de models que tinguin en compte la sostenibilitat, les necessitats de la població i l’ús de les noves tecnologies. En aquest sentit es presenten nous reptes que determinaran les agendes polítiques i el desenvolupament del sector privat en relació als desplaçaments i la mobilitat amb una forta presència de les tecnologies de la informació i comunicació. Així doncs es preveuen escenaris on els nous serveis de mobilitat i accés a la informació determinaran la convivència del transport públic, privat, mobilitat activa i models de mobilitat compartida. Amb aquest context, apareixen sinergies amb capacitats per donar situacions d’exclusió social i pobresa en l’àmbit de la mobilitat i l’ús de les noves tecnologies. Cada vegada hi ha més estudis i es profunditza més en els termes d’escletxa digital i la pobresa del transport, però la creixent relació de la mobilitat amb l’ús de les noves tecnologies i les tendències dels governs i empreses a la digitalització del transport obliga a realitzar estudis per relacionar els dos conceptes i tindre una visió acurada de les exclusions socials i les situacions de desigualtat que s’estan generant en aquest àmbit.

BackgroundMarginalised communities such as homeless people, people who use drugs (PWUD), lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people (LGBTI), prisoners, sex workers and undocumented migrants are at high risk of poor health and yet face substantial barriers in accessing health and support services. The Nobody Left Outside (NLO) Service Design Checklist aims to promote a collaborative, evidence-based approach to service design and monitoring based on equity, non-discrimination and community engagement.MethodsThe Checklist was a collaborative project involving nine community advocacy organisations, with a focus on homeless people, PWUD, LGBTI people, prisoners, sex workers, and undocumented migrants. The Checklist was devised via a literature review; two NLO platform meetings; a multistakeholder policy workshop and an associated published concept paper; two conference presentations; and stakeholder consultation via a European Commission-led Thematic Network (including webinar).ResultsThe NLO Checklist has six sections in line with the WHO Health Systems Framework. These are: (1) service delivery, comprising design stage (6 items), services provided (2 items), accessibility and adaptation (16 items), peer support (2 items); (2) health workforce (12 items); (3) health information systems (7 items); (4) medical products and technologies (1 item); (5) financing (3 items); and (6) leadership and governance (7 items). It promotes the implementation of integrated (colocated or linked) healthcare services that are community based and people centred. These should provide a continuum of needs-based health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment and management, together with housing, legal and social support services, in alignment with the goals of universal health coverage and the WHO frameworks on integrated, people-centred healthcare.ConclusionsThe Checklist is offered as a practical tool to help overcome inequalities in access to health and support services. Policymakers, public health bodies, healthcare authorities, practitioner bodies, peer support workers and non-governmental organisations can use it when developing, updating or monitoring services for target groups. It may also assist civil society in wider advocacy efforts to improve access for underserved communities.

Projecte en col·laboració amb l’ONG OasiUrbà la qual cosa defensarà les condicions de vida dels veïns del Raval i intenta garantir el dret a una propietat. En aquest projecte volem crear un model CFD computacional de les zones comunes d’un edifici real, que ens permet l’estudi de les humitats que es presenta per ell per l’efecte de la capil·laritat que ascendeix per a les seves propietats des del subsol. Realitzant petites intervencions en ell, que milloren la ventilació a l’interior i que mitjançant la transferència de la massa entre les parets interiors i l’aire interior s’evacuaran una part de la humitat i l’expulsió del edifici. Es poden crear models amb diferències amb l’alerta d’avaluació com sigui el més òptim, a l’hora de generar una corrent interna de fluix d’aire ascendent per l’interior de l’edifici, tots aquests models que es poden simular mitjançant el programari ANSYS Fluent. Proyecto en colaboración con la ONG OasiUrbá la cual defiende las condiciones de vida de los vecinos del Raval e intenta garantizar el derecho a una vivienda. En este proyecto queremos crear un modelo computacional CFD de las zonas comunes de un edificio real, que nos permita el estudio de las humedades presentes en él por el efecto de la capilaridad que asciende por los muros desde el subsuelo. Realizando pequeñas intervenciones en él, que mejoren la ventilación en el interior del mismo y que mediante transferencia de masa entre las paredes interiores y el aire interior evacuar parte de dicha humedad y expulsarla del edificio. Se crearán deferentes modelos con el fin de evaluar cual es el más optimo, a la hora de generar una corriente interna de flujo de aire ascendente por el interior del edificio, todos estos modelos serán simulados mediante el software ANSYS Fluent. Project in collaboration with the NGO OasiUrbá which defends the living conditions of the inhabitants of the Raval and tries to guarantee the right to housing. In this project we want to create a CFD computer model of the common areas of a real building, which will allow us to study the humidity presented, due to the effect of the capillarity that rises through the walls from the subsoil. By carrying out small interventions in it, we will improve the ventilation from inside the building and applying mass transfer between the interior walls and the interior air we will evacuate part of this humidity and expel it from the building. Different models will be created in order to evaluate which is the most optimal, when generating an internal current of ascending air flow inside the building. All these models will be simulated by the ANSYS Fluent software.

The current way of “doing” inclusive education in many US public schools includes re-imagining the spaces where a young person is receiving their educational services. Still, many schools and programs are set up to provide specialized educational services in a specific place. Most often, this place is outside of the general education classroom and deemed to have rehabilitative properties. Therefore, research that draws on the lived experiences of people in restricted educational programs is needed to understand more clearly how policies of inclusion and exclusion are not only enacted, but lived by the people inhabiting those spaces. By designing a qualitative study that is an ethnographic narrative inquiry, this project describes restricted educational programs from the perspectives of the people who occupy them. This study draws on the words and experiences of participants within restricted educational programs to explore what a concerted focus on the spatial dimension illuminates about these spaces and youth learning. Taking an iterative approach this study used ethnographic methods such as, participant observation and open-ended and semi-structured interviewing to inquire alongside educators who work with young people with disabilities and young people who are court involved in restrictive educational programs. The methodological choice to collect data at two separate restricted educational programs, one in-school and one after school was intentional to investigate the nature of the label “restrictive” and its spatial properties. The research demonstrates that spaces are dynamic and fluid but often limited by the socio-spatial location such as, during or after school. Often it is the adults within each respective space who engage in practices of teaching and learning which either limit youth or provide youth with more expansive curricular possibilities. More consistently youth engage in practices, which add to the dynamic nature of how spaces are socially produced. From this an understanding of the project of inclusive education emerges which demands concerted attention be paid to the spatial dimension of inquiry, one that requires educators, more broadly, to participate in reflexive practices related to understanding their own socio-spatial position along with the socio-spatial position of the youth with whom they are constructing spaces.

La present exploració diagnòstica, es centra en la situació social del perfil migratori que en els últims anys ha contribuït significativament en el creixement de la immigració a Espanya i que ha suposat una influència social i econòmica. Es parla en aquest cas, de migracions de menors d’edat (infants, adolescents i joves), que emigren sols, sense cap referent familiar, i procedents de països en vies de desenvolupament. El col·lectiu anomenat per l’Administració com a MENA (Menors Estrangers No Acompanyats), però que per tal d’evitar connotacions negatives i d’exclusió social, en aquest treball se’ls anomena: menors o joves migrants sense referents familiars. La motivació en vers aquests menors o joves migrants sense referents familiars emana, des de ara ja fa un any, de la pròpia experiència professional en l’àmbit d’aquest col·lectiu. El càrrec que exerceixo és intervenir des del perfil professional d’integradora social en un Pis d’Inserció Laboral (PIL) que gestiona una fundació vinculada a l’ASJTET (Àrea de Suport a Joves Tutelats i Extutelats). El fet de poder conèixer de primera mà les experiències migratòries de molts joves, els itineraris seguits des de la seva arribada al territori català, i sobretot, la observació del neguit i les preocupacions que els genera el futur que els espera a partir de la majoria d’edat; m’ha empès a qüestionar-me la complicació que suposa en les seves situacions personals: la transició a la vida adulta. I aquesta inquietud, ha orientat la recerca cap a l’aproximació de la realitat social dels joves migrants extutelats o en pròrroga assistencial per haver complert la majoria d’edat.

In recent years, various policies and governments have pushed the European migrant crisis to EU border states, confining thousands of refugees to the islands of Greece. Refugees specifically on the island of Lesvos experience egregious human rights violations including the systemic denial of education, causing NGOs to attempt to fill this gap with non-formal education. By using data from sixteen participant interviews, this study examines the contributions of non-formal education and how it allows refugees to access their right to education, as well as obstacles which impede its success. This study argues that refugees face systemic marginalization and exclusion from social structures in Greece including education; however, non-formal education is able to fill a crucial gap in services and counteract some of these challenges. These include its ability to restore a sense of dignity, foster belonging and support networks, provide transferable skills for a precarious future, and generate tools to access pathways to future opportunities. Although this research argues that non-formal education is the most effective way to educate refugees in this context, it also outlines the ways in which it remains currently insufficient to address a widespread lack of education. This is due to barriers beyond its control including a lack of governmental support for this programming, and the overall protracted, politicized refugee situation on the island, which hinders any smaller-scale efforts for redress from being entirely successful. The study further argues that in order for the lack of education for refugees to be remedied, the Greek government should find political solutions which recognize refugees’ human rights, as well as uphold the right to education and increase governmental support for non-formal education.

Currently, Eurocentric theories and practices of urban teachers and students are often studied under a White gaze of expected deficits. Much of this research is quantitative (e.g., documenting the number of teachers of color); the qualitative research that documents the experiences of people of color usually lacks the personal lived experiences of racial marginalization that only one who has endured them can tell. Addressing this research problem, in this dissertation, I share findings generated from a 9-month autoethnographic study of my experiences in light of the blockade of anti-Black epistemologies and ontologies in (music) teacher education. Framed by Critical Race Theory, Critical Pedagogy, and Postcolonial Theory, the aim of this study is to examine the lived experiences and narratives of a Black-queer doctoral student and teacher educator—in dialogue with majority Black and Latinx preservice early childhood and elementary students in his music teacher education course—considering how Eurocentric frameworks position teachers and students. Inquiries into how curricular stories are constructed as mirrors and windows (Bishop, 1990) are woven to reveal the ways in which dominant theories and ideologies affect the discourses and identities of soon-to-be teachers and point toward the need for students and educators of color to be taught to analyze and name injustices documented within life histories, all the while transforming oppressive encounters to affirm individual and collective humanity. While the focus of this self-study and autoethnography is the researcher, this ethnographic composition of teaching and teacher education is informed by the researcher’s teacher education practices, experiences, and learnings in the context of an early childhood and elementary teacher education course for non-music majors at a primarily-Hispanic serving urban institution of higher education. It examines classroom discursive interactions and archival data (e.g. journal reflections, course assignments) using ethnographic research methods and critical narrative analysis (Souto-Manning, 2014) to make sense of data. In doing so, it co-constructs a polyphonic space for multiple perspectives to stand in counterpoint (conflict), reimagining and reclaiming the discourses that purport to hold knowledge about peoples of color lived experiences. Findings are rendered by engagement with a range of Afrocentric visual and multimodal data.

El consum de drogues per part de l’ésser humà és una realitat evident en la societat d’avui dia. Ha existit sempre, si és cert que de diferents maneres i a través de diferents tipus de consum. Arrel dels constants canvis socials que s’han produït durant les últimes dècades, els avenços en tecnologia o la gran influència dels mitjans de comunicació, són molts els canvis que s’han originat i han afectat a l’àmbit de les drogodependències. El fenomen de les addiccions, actualment és una àrea d’estudi que genera posicionaments diversos. La dependència tant a substàncies psicoactives com a altres activitats – el joc, internet, l’esport, etc. – s’aborden amb l’objectiu de minimitzar els riscos i promoure el consum responsable. La motivació d’aquest treball de final de grau sorgeix, en primer lloc, de la meva experiència de pràctiques a Comunitat Terapèutica CANAAN – Pla de l’Estany. I, en segon lloc, per l’especial interès personal que aquest àmbit d’intervenció m’ha despertat des de principis del Grau. Així doncs, en l’estudi de la dependència a substàncies, i tractant-se d’un servei residencial com el cas de les comunitats terapèutiques, el professional social, realitza una intervenció directa amb l’usuari, intentant atendre totes les necessitats individuals que presenta i amb la finalitat d’assolir l’abstinència. Per tal que això sigui possible, en primer lloc cal conèixer els factors de risc que hi poden influir, i que determinen la necessitat d’intervenció en les persones amb problemes d’addiccions en tots els àmbits de la seva vida quotidiana. Aquest treball pretén respondre a una pregunta concreta: són els centres d’atenció a les drogodependències, el millor entorn per oferir informació de qualitat en relació a les conductes sexuals i on atendre i promoure aquesta pràctica? Actualment, ens trobem davant aquesta carència que, des del meu punt de vista, convé intentar donar resposta, ja que la salut sexual de qualsevol home és fonamental per facilitar el seu tractament de deshabituació i consum de tòxics. De fet, a qualsevol programa, com les Comunitats Terapèutiques, que pretengui oferir una atenció integral als seus usuaris no pot deixar de banda aquesta dimensió que afecta en gran part a tots els humans. Poso l’èmfasi únicament en les necessitats sexuals dels homes, i no de les dones pel simple motiu que, l’atenció de Comunitat Terapèutica CANAAN només està dirigida a homes.

Native people under colonial rule have suffered a multitude of human rights abuses throughout history. The human rights community has attempted to address this by granting colonised peoples self-determination, in addition to creating international laws that seek to prevent and punish the mistreatment of vulnerable people more broadly. However, a growing number of scholars have argued that international human rights law not only fails to sufficiently account for abuses that continue to be perpetrated against native peoples, but also, by doing so, actively contributes to their marginalisation. I will follow this academic trajectory, and will argue that the Genocide Convention specifically, was constructed in accordance with the vested interests of colonial powers. The resulting definition of genocide omitted acts occuring to native people, such as ethnic cleansing and forced assimilation, as it suited the political agendas of colonial countries. I will challenge this position and assert that if genocide is to be understood as the destruction of the group, rather than its individual constituent parts, then any action designed to intentionally decimate the group, (as a metaphysical entity existing beyond its human participants), should be considered genocidal. More specifically, non-lethal methods, often referred to as cultural genocide, should be included in the Genocide Convention. I will contextualise this argument within Palestine and apply a settler-colonial lens to the engagement between the Israeli State and the Palestinian people. I will argue that settler-colonisation has an intrinsically genocidal dimension; it follows therefore that the treatment of the Palestinians by the Israeli State can be plausibly considered. It will be concluded that if international human rights law is to effectively protect vulnerable communities from human rights abuses, such as genocide, it needs to be consistently evaluated and reconsidered from a multitude of perspectives.

Addis Ababa is undergoing rapid urban transformation—and at the expense of local communities who are victim to displacement. Since the early 2000s, Ethiopia has pursued a pro-modernist agenda to reimagine the city, while still grappling with structural legacies of exclusion, like social stratification and ethnic tension. Given institutional weaknesses, as evidenced by the lack of urban housing and related services, arrangements between the government and private entities have not only dominated the development process but have dictated spatial and infrastructural outcomes. This research will explore the development of Ayat, a peri-urban neighborhood, formally incorporated into Addis Ababa in 1989, a year after Ethiopia transitioned to ethnic federalism. As the product of a “governance arrangement” with a real estate company, Ayat serves as a compelling crucible of ethnopolitics in the built environment. Meant to serve as an extension of the capital, Ayat’s suburban development is at odds with Addis’ character of 𝘶𝘳𝘣𝘢𝘯 𝘮𝘪𝘹𝘪𝘵𝘺—as its residents are largely diaspora or part of Ethiopia’s emerging middle to high-income class. This thesis will challenge the governance arrangement that enabled its development and the threat it poses to the city writ-large, namely as emboldening practices of de-facto socio-spatial exclusion. In Ayat, the confluence of the 𝘥𝘦𝘴𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘥 city and the spatial constraints of urban growth, as argued in this work, detail a primacy on realizing a modernist urban fantasy typically found in the West and is by default, an incompatible future for Addis Ababa’s residents.

Thesis (PhD(Sociology))--University of South Australia, 2019. Includes bibliographical references (pages 188-204) Designer fashion boutique workers must embody idealised and branded fashionable femininity as they undertake intimate yet commercial body work to adorn customers’ bodies. Boutique work is hyper-feminised and seemingly glamorous women’s work. Yet it is also widely casualised employment with low labour market status. This feminist poststructural study addresses designer fashion boutique work and workers to theorise new dimensions of women’s disadvantage in contemporary work and career. My argument develops through analysing both the conditions and practices of women’s work within designer fashion boutiques, as well as the perceptions that boutique workers have of this work.

86 páginas. Maestría en Sociología. Trabajo que tiene como objetivo fundamental mostrar algunos de los mecanismos sociales a través de los cuales se establecen relaciones sociales de inclusión y exclusión según dos propuestas teóricas: aquellas de Norbert Elias y Howard Becker. El propósito está en exponer y visibilizar cómo se presentan los procesos sociales de inclusión y exclusión en el planteamiento y desarrollo de estas teorías. En este contexto, el enfoque mecanísmico, es decir, de mecanismos sociales surge como una estrategia analítica alterna que plantea dejar de lado las explicaciones deterministas que se sustenta en regularidades empíricas y descripciones, y se propone priorizar la explicación causal tomando en cuenta diversos factores explicativos asociados con la ocurrencia de fenómenos sociales. Por lo anterior, es posible decir que la categoría de mecanismo social pretende superar las limitantes de los enfoques analíticos tradicionales para fortalecer el poder explicativo en las ciencias sociales. Por tal razón, conviene destacar que, para fines de esta investigación la noción de mecanismo social constituye el eje analítico que guía los argumentos expuestos en este escrito; es decir, los procesos sociales de inclusión y exclusión identificados en las obras de Elias y Becker, son estudiados bajo el concepto de mecanismo social.

This is a qualitative study of how planning, instrumentalized by an established and politically active constituent body, contributes to the exclusion of certain marginalized populations. It examines the mechanisms through which this takes place by examining the practice of unpermitted subdivision of single-family homes, debates concerning its enforcement, and discussion of possible avenues toward its legalization in Rockland County, NY. Local planning and code enforcement officials participated in semi-structured interviews regarding official responses to illegal housing and its relationship to public opinion in their jurisdictions. Complaints collected through a countywide code enforcement initiative were also analyzed to gauge the social and spatial dimensions of anti-illegal-housing sentiment. Other media including newspaper articles, records of public forums, and recently completed comprehensive plans were used to analyze the evolution of public opinion and how it was communicated to and received by local planners. The study uses a communicative planning theory approach in examining planning's relationship to public opinion, how it is measured and interpreted, as well as what sources of information and constituent groups are left out of the process, exposing opportunities for planners to better understand and negotiate conflict in suburban areas experiencing rapid demographic change.

The at-risk, socioeconomically disadvantaged population at a Northern California middle school struggles with lower academic achievement and social adaptation issues. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of teachers working with these socioeconomically disadvantaged students who had participated in the three-part special intervention--growth mindset, thinking skills instruction, and Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports--seeking to understand through the teachers' descriptions how this has affected engagement in the classroom and at school in overcoming the effects of their economic disadvantage. This case study recorded and analyzed the experiences teachers had following the students receiving instruction in developing growth mindsets and thinking skills, along with receiving support in learning and adapting social skills for changing social situations through Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports. Four results emerged from this research: (a) Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports is successful, but limited by a lack of a shared understanding of the program and a shift in reward tactics; (b) Mindset and thinking skills instruction positively influence teacher pedagogy; (c) Teaching socioeconomically disadvantaged students involves more than subject matter instruction; and (d) School Community relationships can be developed with Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports infused with mindset and thinking skills instruction. The transformative potential for increasing engagement and changing school climate is what is available when schools implement an approach that teaches students about their brains and gives them skills for thinking in the moment along with a structure of PBIS to infuse positive support in dealing with misbehavior. This approach is based on Dweck's (2006) mindset work. Putting growth mindset together with Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports and thinking skills instruction forms a three-legged stool that supports and encourages engagement in the classroom due to the safe learning environment, increased communication, and collaborative atmosphere that is established.

Orientador: Maria José Rodrigues Faria Coracini Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem Resumo: nserido no grupo de pesquisa, registrado no CNPq, "Vozes (In)fames: exclusão e resistência", sob a coordenação geral da Profa. Dra. Maria José R. F. Coracini, o presente trabalho pretendeu investigar, através da escrita do livro Quarto de despejo: diário de uma favelada (de Carolina Maria de Jesus), se a escrit(ur)a de si poderia ou não se configurar como dispositivo de (r)existência. E, em caso positivo: como, quando, em relação a quê e em que lugares ela se manifestaria. A pesquisa é pautada na perspectiva teórico-filosófica discursivo-desconstrutivista que se apoia nos estudos do Discurso (a partir do viés foucaultiano), da Psicanálise (lacaniana) e da Desconstrução (derrideana). Nosso objetivo específico é conhecer, compreender e trazer à baila o modo como a escrit(ur)a pode funcionar como (r)existência para a autora. E, como objetivo geral, visamos contribuir para os estudos de Linguística Aplicada - no que tange a questões sobre identidade e discurso -, colaborando também para a formação de professores e alunos, no que diz respeito à discussão de temas sociais. Analisamos a materialidade linguística, observando, principalmente, as representações de si, do outro, da favela, de leitura e escrita. Resultou de nossa pesquisa, a observação de indícios de que há uma (r)existência possibilitada pela escrit(ur)a de si. Tal (r)existência se dá em relação à condição econômico-social da autora, emergindo em três esferas, concernentes aos fatos de ela ser mulher, negra e favelada. Através da singularidade de sua escrit(ur)a, a qual emerge no entremeio das dualidades que aparecem na materialidade linguística, o sujeito (r)existe se diferenciando dos demais habitantes da favela e construindo um destino, um modo de ser/estar no mundo, diferente daquele que se esperaria para uma mulher negra, favelada e com pouca instrução Abstract: Included in the research group, registered in the CNPq, "Vozes (In)fames: exclusão e resistência", under general coordination by Prof. Dr. Maria José R. F. Coracini, the present work is intended to investigate, through the writing in the book Quarto de despejo: diário de uma favelada (by Carolina Maria de Jesus), if its writing may or may not configure a (r)existence device. And, in a positive case: how, when and in relation to what and which places it manifests itself. The research is characterized by the discursive-deconstructionist theoretic-philosophic perspective which bases itself on the studies of Discourse (according to the foucaultian line of thought), of Psychoanalysis (lacanian) and of Deconstruction (derridean). Our specific objective is to get to know, comprehend and bring forth the way in which writing may work as (r)existence for the author. And, as a general objective, we seek to contribute to the studies of Applied Linguistics ¿ in regards to questions regarding identity and discourse ¿ also collaborating with the development of teachers and students, when it comes to the discussion of social themes. We analyzed the linguistic materiality, observing, mainly, the representations of the self, the others, the slums, of reading and writing. Our research resulted in the observation of signals that there is a (r)existence made possible by the writing of the self. This (r)existence occurs in relation to the author¿s socioeconomic conditions, emerging in three spheres, concerning the fact that she is a black, impoverished woman. Through the singularity of her writing, which emerges in the middle of the dualities that occur in the linguistic materiality, the subject (r)exists differentiating herself from the rest of the slums¿ inhabitants and constructing a destiny, a way of being in the world, different than that which is expected of a black, impoverished woman with little education Mestrado Linguagem e Sociedade Mestra em Linguística Aplicada CAPES 1580354

Children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are at increased risk of experiencing stress and associated social-emotional difficulties and behavioural problems, which can undermine academic performance and lead to school drop-out. Previous studies investigating the effects of mindfulness have evidenced positive outcomes among children pertaining to enhanced well-being, school-based competence and decreased levels of stress and anxiety. However, these studies have typically examined teacher’s perceptions of change or quantitative outcomes without consideration of children’s experiences. The present study employs an interpretative qualitative approach to gain a greater understanding of children’s experiences of mindfulness in dealing with stress. A 5-week school-based mindfulness program was performed with 63 primary school children at risk of social exclusion in education. Interviews were undertaken with 16 children and 2 teachers. Thematic analysis identified five key themes labelled conceptualisation of stress, awareness, self-regulation, classroom regulations and addressing future stress. Quantitative measures of children’s perceived stress levels evaluated at baseline and follow-up also revealed significant reductions post intervention. These findings offer support for the incorporation of mindfulness interventions into the school curriculum, as a means of empowering children to address stress in their lives and improving full participation in the education system., peer-reviewed

This text explores the political archeology of the space. Focusing on a marginal neighborhood of Buenos Aires city, I analyze the history of its political battles.

Treball Final de Màster Universitari en Intervenció i Mediació Familiar (Pla de 2014). Codi: SBD016. Curs: 2014/2015 Los trabajadores sociales son considerados como agentes de cambio, teniendo como fin mejorar las actitudes de los usuarios, mediante el aporte de una serie de recursos que potencien sus capacidades, y promoviendo su crecimiento. Esta técnica de modificación de actitudes no difiere de las técnicas utilizadas en la logoterapia, sino todo lo contrario. La logoterapia descubre las potencialidades de los clientes. A través de su conocimiento, se pretende orientarles hacia una búsqueda de significado, mediante un cambio en sus valores, lo cual causa un cambio en su actitud y en la forma de ver la vida (Guttmann, 1998). Es por esto, por lo que los trabajadores sociales deben utilizar este tipo de terapias en las intervenciones que realicen con familias en situación de riesgo de exclusión social, ya que ambas presentan similitudes que al ser tratadas de forma conjunta, pueden ser beneficiosas y enriquecedoras para los usuarios. Por otro lado, algunas familias en riesgo de exclusión social presentan experiencias vitales en las que ha existido mucho sufrimiento. Depende de la visión que se tenga de este, positiva o negativa, ello incidirá de una forma u otra en las interacciones entre sus miembros. Cuando la visión es negativa, puede bloquear a la persona, originando conflictos y carencias a la hora de interaccionarse con su familia. Si el fondo que presenta este tipo de carencias es tratado, podría conseguirse en esas familias la obtención de una serie de recursos personales que mejorase su situación. Por lo que sería propicio utilizar en ellos un tipo de terapia como la logoterapia, bajo la formación de un/a trabajador/a social.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é problematizar a constituição identitária de indígenas sul-mato-grossenses a partir da interpretação da escrita em postagens realizadas na rede social denominada Facebook. Como objetivos específicos, visamos rastrear e apontar no discurso do/sobre o indígena, marcas de exclusão, por meio de análise da materialidade linguística encontrada nas construções verbais e verificar como esse sujeito indígena se representa e é representado nessa rede social. Partimos da hipótese inicial de que a representação identitária dos povos indígenas de Mato Grosso do Sul, construída por meio de discursos veiculados no Facebook, não é a de sujeitos que se constituem por uma identidade fixa e imutável, mas trata-se de um grupo que se constitui em meio a um entrelaçamento de identificações, de si e do outro (o branco). Dessa maneira, pressupomos que os discursos produzidos, em meio ao espaço virtual, possuem marcas linguísticas que apontam para discursos de exclusão numa tentativa de (in)clusão social. Esta pesquisa justifica-se pela importância em mostrarmos, por meio da escrita acadêmica, um problema que atinge os segmentos sociais que é o conflituoso convívio entre os povos indígenas e o branco, e como este contato influencia no deslocamento identitário do indígena sul-mato-grossense, colocando-o num entre-lugar. A pesquisa ancora-se nas teorias da Análise do discurso, da perspectiva francesa, portanto, nos estudos de Pêcheux (2009,1990) e Orlandi (2007, 2008) no que tange aos conceitos de discurso e sujeito; Coracini (2007, 2010, 2011), Hall (2005) e Castells (1999) no que diz respeito ao estudo das identidades sociais. Para sustentar a análise sobre a escrita virtual articulamos estudos de Lévy (1996,1999) e de Baudrillard (2011). Para problematizar as relações de saber/poder, a escrita de si, assim como, o processo de subjetivação na constituição dos sujeitos, valemos dos pressupostos de Foucault (2012, 1987, 1983,1988, 2009). Metodologicamente, apoiando-nos na arqueogenealogia foucaultiana para historicizarmos os acontecimentos discursivos de modo a observar em que condições são produzidos os discursos acerca da temática indígena de Mato Grosso do Sul, no Facebook. A dissertação está dividida em três capítulos. No primeiro apresentamos as condições de produção dos discursos produzidos acerca dos povos indígenas de Mato Grosso do Sul, na rede social Facebook. No segundo, abordamos as concepções teóricas da Análise do Discurso, que julgamos fundamentais para a construção da pesquisa. No terceiro, apontamos algumas representações identitárias dos povos indígenas sul-mato-grossenses construídas por meio de discursos veiculados no Facebook. O corpus foi recortado a partir da noção de formação discursiva de Foucault (1987), pois tal conceito nos possibilita encontrarmos as regularidades existentes por trás da dispersão dos discursos presentes, em nosso estudo. Os resultados apontam que o indígena sul-mato-grossense representado no Facebook é perpassado pela cultura e pela voz do outro (o branco), portanto, é constituído em meio à tentativa de marcar seu espaço social. ABSTRACT - The main objective of this paper is to discuss the identity constitution of the Indigenous of Mato Grosso do Sul from the interpretation of writing in postings made on the social network called Facebook. As specific objectives, we aim to track and point in the discourse of/on indigenous tombstones, by analyzing the linguistic materiality found in verbal constructions and see how this indigenous subject is represented and is represented in this social network. We start from the initial hypothesis that the identity representation of indigenous people of Mato Grosso do Sul, constructed through discourses broadcasted on Facebook, it is not the subject of which constitute a fixed and unchanging identity but this is a group that it is amid a tangle of identifications of self and other (the white). Thus, we assume that the discourses produced amid the virtual space, they have language tags that point to discourses of exclusion in an attempt to social inclusion. This research is justified by the importance of showing, through academic writing, a problem that affects the social segments that is conflictually coexistence between indigenous people and the white, and how this contact influences the identity displacement of the Indigenous of Mato Grosso do Sul by placing him in the context. The research is anchored in theories of discourse analysis, the French perspective , so the studies Pêcheux (2009,1990) and Orlandi (2007, 2008) in relation to the concepts of discourse and subject; Coracini (2007,2010,2011), Hall (2005) and Castells (1999) with regard to the study of social identities. To support analysis about virtual writing, we have the studies of Lévy (1996,1999) and Baudrillard (2011) . To discuss the relations of power/knowledge, the writing itself, as well as the process of subjectivity in the constitution of subjects, it is worth the assumptions of Foucault (2012, 1987,1983,1988,2009). Methodologically, relying on Foucault archeogenealogy to make the historic discursive events in order to observe the conditions in which the discourses on indigenous issues of Mato Grosso do Sul in Facebook are produced. The dissertation is divided into three chapters. In the first we present the conditions of discourse production produced about the indigenous people of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the social network Facebook. Then, we discuss the theoretical conceptions of discourse analysis, which we believe to be fundamental for the construction of the research. In the third, we point out some identity representations of the Indigenous of Mato Grosso do Sul constructed through discourses broadcasted on Facebook. The corpus was cut from the notion of discursive formation, Foucault (1987), as this concept allows us to meet existing regularities behind the dispersion of discourses present in our study. Partial results show that the Indigenous of Mato Grosso do Sul represented on Facebook is permeated by the culture and by the voice of the other (the white) therefore consists in the midst of trying to mark their social space.

Esta investigación refleja los principales aprendizajes de una experiencia de agricultura urbana aplicada en el asentamiento de población desplazada Esfuerzos de Paz I de la comuna 8 de Medellín, en el marco del Programa de Cooperación Internacional Antioquia Medellín – Bizkaia Bilbao (AM-BBI), y generado en el desarrollo del proyecto “De la Exclusión al Reconocimiento”, liderado por la Secretaría de las Mujeres de la Alcaldía de Medellín, entre los años 2008 y 2013 -- En esta ocasión se quiso mejorar la realidad social, económica y cultural de esta población afrocolombiana en situación de pobreza extrema, a partir de un dialogo intercultural entre estos y la ciudad que histórica y sistemáticamente los ha marginado, con el propósito de generar equidad y reconocimiento social -- En este proyecto el enfoque de etnodesarrollo constituyó el eje transversal que orientó el proceso para alcanzar los objetivos -- Con esta categoría política se busca promover la participación de la población desde sus particularidades étnicas -- El proyecto de agricultura urbana causó un impacto en la dinámica organizacional de la comunidad de las participantes y transformaron sus esquemas referenciales cognitivos, y afectivos que las estructuran -- Y esto fue posible porque el tema, los antecedentes del origen campesino de las participantes, la metodología aplicada, la consecución de los espacios para establecer las huertas, la dinámica en que se desenvolvieron las reuniones para los talleres de capacitación, la amistad y el respeto con que se trataron las participantes y el apoyo logístico y económico de las instituciones hicieron posible el desarrollo del proyecto de acuerdo con los objetivos propuestos al principio hasta cuando los actores armados ilegales, presentes en la comuna, lo permitieron -- Por esto es importante destacar que la huerta mas que un lugar físico se instauró en la comunidad como un referente a partir del cual se aprendió a mirar a los ojos y escuchar al otro, se construyeron tramas vinculares, redes sociales de primero y segundo orden y potenció la construcción de tejido social a partir del afecto compartido durante las actividades propias de la huerta y en los espacios recreativos -- En cuanto a la seguridad alimentaria, la problemática de la desnutrición y el hambre en la ciudad, o más específicamente en la comuna 8 no se resuelve con proyectos de este tipo -- Ya que los recursos empleados, la exigencia de obra de mano, en cuanto a tiempo requerido para las labores continúas, no compensa la poca cantidad de hortalizas cosechadas y no resuelve la problemática de desnutrición y de inseguridad alimentaria de las huerteros, y tampoco genera ingresos económicos significativos -- La agricultura urbana debe ser implementada como estrategia pedagógica para tratar problemas ambientales, promover la recuperación del saber ancestral, para generar tramas vinculares, el fortalecimiento de relaciones comunitarias, para transformar modelos cognitivos, afectivos y cotidianos que mejoren las relaciones con el entorno, a través de la promoción de relaciones medioambientales sostenibles y responsables y de esta forma la comunidad organizada genere la posibilidad de implementar huertas para los abuelos, adultos, jóvenes y niños en las cuales tengan la oportunidad de ver la trasformación de las semillas en plantas medicinales y alimenticias

O contexto rural da cidade de Castilho-SP caracteriza-se, atualmente, pela legalização de treze assentamentos, dos quais o Assentamento Celso Furtado, o segundo maior da região, lócus desta pesquisa, reúne cento e oitenta e sete famílias. Com a meta de contribuir para os estudos sobre identidade e sobre o sujeito-assentado, os objetivos específicos deste trabalho são: 1) problematizar as representações que o assentado faz de si atualmente e quando era designado como sem-terra, abordando a temporalidade: o antes (sem-terra) e o agora (assentado); 2) discutir a representação que o assentado faz da sociedade, por meio dos discursos, das formações discursivas e da heterogeneidade constitutiva; e 3) analisar relações de poder e resistência nos dizeres dos sujeitos. Enquanto perguntas de pesquisa, procuramos responder: como era a rotina/relações de trabalho no acampamento sem-terra? Houve mudanças depois que tornou-se assentado? Como era a convivência com os representantes do Incra? Como o assentado se vê socialmente? Partimos do pressuposto que social e economicamente a sociedade contemporânea exclui aqueles que pertencem a algum grupo e que resistem à hegemonia, lançando como hipótese que, no decorrer da luta pela posse de terra, as representações atribuídas aos assentados, na maioria das vezes, são negativas. Para trazer à baila as considerações sobre sujeito, discurso e formação discursiva, baseamo-nos pressupostos teóricos de Pêcheux (1990) e Foucault (2007a); a identidade, por seu turno, é vista pela esteira de Hall (2005) e Coracini (2007); as relações de poder e resistência são problematizadas à luz dos estudos de Foucault (2007b); para o conceito de exclusão, reportamo-nos às contribuições de Bauman (1998 e 1999) e Bhabha (1998). O trabalho é inscrito no viés discursivo, com base no método arqueo-genealógico foucaultiano, que tem o objetivo de discutir como surgem os saberes e como estes se transformam. Para a coleta dos dados, realizamos entrevistas, gravadas em áudio no próprio assentamento, a partir de um roteiro semiestruturado, com onze assentados, e selecionamos recortes das falas de sete entrevistados para compor o córpus a ser analisado. A dissertação divide-se em três capítulos. No primeiro, apresentamos os principais conceitos da Análise do Discurso numa interface com algumas contribuições dos Estudos Culturais, trazendo reflexões sobre discurso, sujeito, formação discursiva, representação e identidade e ainda sobre relações de poder, resistência e exclusão; no segundo, descrevemos as condições de produção, a contextualização da pesquisa, a constituição do MST e o percurso da Fazenda Três Barras, até a sua desapropriação para tornar-se o Assentamento Celso Furtado; no último, trazemos a análise da representação identitária do sujeito-assentado, por meio de dois eixos de análise. No primeiro, o assentado relata a representação que faz de si como assentado e sem-terra; no segundo, apresenta a imagem que a sociedade elabora dele. Observamos que as relações de trabalho, a convivência com os representantes do INCRA (Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária) e a busca da aceitação social consistem em relações de poder e de exclusão e, nesse contexto, os assentados apresentam resistência diante da sua ex-condição de sem-terra, das imposições do INCRA e do MST (Movimento do Sem-Terra), relatando que se sentem excluídos socialmente. A exclusão e a resistência manifestam-se por meio das representações que o assentado atribui à identidade atual, à ex-condição de sem-terra e às imagens que ele acredita que a sociedade realiza dele, afirmando que, mesmo mudando de posição social, a exclusão vivida no seu passado de sem-terra foi transferida para a sua identidade atual, sendo rotulados como invasores e oportunistas. ABSTRACT - The rural setting of the municipality of Castilho-SP, is characterized nowadays by the legalization of thirteen settlements, of which the Settlement Celso Furtado, the second largest in the region, locus of this research, brings together one hundred eighty-seven families. With the goal of contributing to studies on identity and on the settled subjects, the specific objectives are: 1 ) to problematize the representations that the settled subject makes of himself currently and when he/she was designated as landless , addressing temporality of the former landless who is now settled, 2) to discuss the representation that the settled subject makes of the society through discourses, discursive formations and their constituent heterogeneity and 3) analyze relations of power and resistance in the words of the subjects . Some of the research questions we sought to answer were: What were the routine / labor relations at the landless camp like? Were there changes after their settlement? How was the interaction with the representatives of INCRA like? How does the settled subject see himself socially? We assume that socially and economically contemporary society excludes those who belong to some group and resist hegemony, stating the hypothesis that during the fight for possession of land , the representations assigned to the settlers, most often, are negative. To bring up the consideration of the subject, discourse and discursive formation, we rely on Pecheux`s theoretical assumptions ( 1990) and Foucault`s ( 2007a ); identity, in turn , is seen by Mat Hall (2005) and Coracini (2007), relations of power and resistance are problematized based on Foucault's studies ( 2007b), to the exclusion concept, we refer to the contributions of Bauman (1998 and 1999) and Bhabha (1998 ). The work is inscribed in the discursive bias, based on Foulcault´s archaeo – genealogical method, which aims to discuss how knowledge arises and how it is transformed. For data collection,we conducted interviews, audio recorded on the settlement itself, from a semi-structured script , with eleven settlers and selected clippings from seven respondents to compose the corpus to be analyzed. The dissertation is divided into three chapters. At first, we present the main concepts of discourse analysis at an interface with some contributions of Cultural Studies, bringing reflections on the subject, discursive formation, representation and identity and also about power relations, resistance and exclusion .In the second chapter, we described the production conditions, the research contextualization, the establishment of the MST and the trajectory of Três Barras Farm until its expropriation to become the Settlement Celso Furtado; in the lastone, we bring the analysis of the identity representation of the settled subject, through two analysis axes .In the first one, the subjects report the representation that they make of themselves as settled and landless subjects; in the second one, they display the image that society makes of them. We observed that the working relationships, living together with representatives from INCRA ( National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform ) and the search for social acceptance consist of relations of power and exclusion, and in this context, the settlers have resistance on their condition of former landless, the impositions of INCRA and the MST ( the Landless Movement ), reporting that they feel socially excluded . The exclusion and resistance are manifested through representations that the settled subjects assign to their current identity, to their condition of former landless and the images that they believe that society have on them, stating that even after changing their social status, the situation of exclusion that they lived in the past as landless subjects, was transferred to their current identity, in which they are labeled as invaders and opportunistic people.

Originada de inquietações presentes em nossa prática como professora atuante na rede regular de ensino, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo geral refletir sobre aspectos da construção identitária de alunos com necessidades especiais, na expectativa de contribuir para sua inserção na escola pública. Para alcançarmos essa meta, nosso objetivo específico é analisar e interpretar representações que alunos com necessidades especiais que frequentam a rede regular de ensino possuem de si e do outro. Temos como hipótese que se vivencia nas escolas de ensino público regular uma exclusão velada, que tem sido designada como inclusão pela sociedade. Para comprová-la, os principais questionamentos problematizados são: Como os alunos com necessidades especiais se veem e são vistos? Quais são suas representações sobre si e o outro? O que é inclusão para eles? Como se sentem na escola? Trata-se de uma pesquisa inscrita no viés discursivo, que se caracteriza como uma pesquisa de campo e tem como base o método arqueogenealógico, que problematiza, nos dizeres de alunos vistos como “deficientes intelectuais”, regularidades e dispersões que determinam discursos sobre sua construção identitária. Além da necessária revisão bibliográfica para construção do referencial teórico-metodológico (conteúdo do primeiro capítulo desta dissertação), adotamos os seguintes procedimentos para coleta de dados: observações de campo e realização de entrevistas, que foram gravadas e posteriormente transcritas. De onze entrevistas transcritas, foram selecionados quinze recortes, para cuja análise foram organizados em três eixos temáticos: anormalidade, inferioridade e interdição. Como arcabouço teórico, apoiamos-nos nas teorias da Análise do Discurso, com as noções de sujeito e de relações de saber e poder de Foucault (1979, 1996, 2006), a que articulamos o conceito de identidade de Coracini (2007) e outros construtos dos Estudos Culturais, com Hall (2005) e Bhabha (2010). Para a elaboração das condições de produção (objeto do segundo capítulo) sob as quais foram produzidos os dizeres dos sujeitos pesquisados, recorremos a um breve histórico da inclusão escolar no país, perpassando pela legislação e mudanças daí decorrentes, além de relatos de professores e da direção das escolas pesquisadas. Por meio das análises e interpretações que compõem o terceiro capítulo deste trabalho, pudemos problematizar os dizeres de alunos com necessidades especiais, para refletir sobre aspectos da sua construção identitária inscritos em suas formações discursivas. Verificamos que, mesmo em uma época intitulada como “era” da inclusão, os dizeres dos alunos que por tanto tempo foram segregados ou marginalizados da sociedade carregam fortes marcas de reprodução do que o outro pensa de si; mesmo diante de avanços legais ou sociais, como a conquista do direito de estar entre os ditos normais, o sujeito que antes sofria exclusão explícita hoje lida com outra forma de exclusão: a velada. As identidades que esse sujeito assume representam sua forma de lidar com a exclusão: embora o outro não queira que ele esteja ali, por causar certo desconforto, embora por vezes seja categorizado pela anormalidade e daí derive certo sentimento de inferioridade, prefere fingir que aceita ser assujeitado como estratégia para estar entre os “normais”. Originated from concerns present in our practice as active teachers in regular education, this research has the objective to reflect on aspects of identity construction of students with special needs, hoping to contribute to their inclusion in public school. To achieve this goal, our specific aim is to analyze and interpret representations that students with special needs who attend regular school have of themselves and the other. We hypothesized a veiled exclusion is experience in regular public schools a veiled, which has been designated as inclusion in society. To prove it, the main problematized questions are: How do students with disabilities see themselves and are seen? What are their representations of themselves and the other? What is inclusion for them? How do they feel at school? It is about a research in the discursive bias, which is characterized as a field research and is based on the archeo-genealogical method, which discusses, in the words of students seen as "intellectually disabled ", regularity and dispersions that determine discourse on their identity. Besides the literature review required for the construction of the theoretical and methodological framework (content of the first chapter of this thesis), we adopted the following procedures for data collection: field observations and interviews, which were taped and later transcribed. From the eleven transcribed interviews, fifteen clippings were selected, whose analysis were organized into thematic axes: abnormality, inferiority and interdiction. As a theoretical framework, we get support in the theories of Discourse Analysis, with Foulcault´s notions of subject and relations of knowledge and power (1979, 1996, 2006), in which we articulated Coracini´s concept of identity (2007) and other constructs of Cultural Studies , with Hall (2005) and Bhabha (2010) . For the preparation of production conditions ( subject of the second chapter ) under which the words of the subjects studied were produced, we turn to a brief history of school inclusion in the country , passing through the legislation and resulting changes , and reports of teachers and the management of the schools surveyed. Through the analyzes and interpretations that make up the third chapter of this work, we discuss the sayings of students with special needs, to reflect on aspects of their identity construction present in their discursive formations. We have found that, even in times called "era" of inclusion, the discourse of students who have been segregated or marginalized in society for so long, still carry strong reproduction marks of what the other thinks of himself, even in the face of legal and social advances, as earning the right to be among the so-called normal, the subject who before suffered explicit exclusion today deals with another form of exclusion: the veiled one. The identities taken by this subject represent his/her way of dealing with exclusion: while the other does not want him to be there, for causing some discomfort, although sometimes this subject is categorized by the abnormality and hence there is a certain sense of inferiority, he/she prefers to pretend to accept subjugation as a strategy to be among the " normal " .

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo problematizar o processo de subjetividade de mulheres internas do Estabelecimento Penal Feminino de Três Lagoas - MS via escrita de si, analisando os diferentes modos de constituição desses sujeitos em situação de exclusão, bem como as representações que fazem de si, do outro e da prisão. Assim, este trabalho surge da necessidade de investigar a relação sujeito excluído, sociedade e Instituição, uma vez que discursos cristalizados e jogos de verdade constituem esse contexto pelas relações de poder. Partindo do pressuposto de que a resistência é constitutiva da escrita das mulheres internas pelas relações de poder, temos enquanto hipótese que ao escreverem suas cartas, passam por um processo de exposição de sua subjetividade, por serem essas, lidas pela direção da Instituição, e que, interpeladas pelo silenciamento, emergem, na escrita, discursos da estratégia. A análise focalizou principalmente a compreensão dos modos de constituição da subjetividade das mulheres internas pela escrita de si, com base na metodologia foucaultiana: a arqueogenealogia, e ancorou-se nas seguintes perguntas de pesquisa: de que modo os “muros” da Instituição constituem os sujeitos e os discursos? Como a escrita de si acontece nesse contexto? Quais as representações de si, do outro e da prisão emergem nesse contexto de privação da liberdade? Para tanto, o procedimento metodológico constou da coleta de cinquenta e oito cartas escritas pelas mulheres internas em seu dia-a-dia, sendo os correspondentes: familiares, amigos ou o (a) companheiro (a). Como pressupostos teóricos, buscamos subsídios nos fundamentos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa inaugurada por Pêcheux (1997a, 1988, 1990), utilizando, em especial, seu conceito de formações imaginárias (1988). Sob uma abordagem transdisciplinar e de perspectiva discursivo-desconstrutivista, para tratar de formação identitária, fundamentamos esta investigação em Coracini (2003, 2007). Sobre as relações de poder, jogos de verdade, subjetividade e escrita de si, partimos de Foucault (1979, 2006a, 2006b, 2006c). Em relação aos resultados, a análise mostrou que na/pela escrita de si desses sujeitos emergem discursos da resistência e/ou da estratégia em confronto com a situação de exclusão na qual se veem, caracterizando, assim, seu modo de constituição de si. Ainda, apontamos as relações de poder por meio desses discursos que, por sua vez, são interpelados pelos dispositivos de controle, que buscam silenciar esses sujeitos em privação de liberdade. Esta pesquisa está dividida em três capítulos: o primeiro contém os fundamentos teóricos da Análise do Discurso; no segundo, apresentamos as condições de produção que constituem o discurso das mulheres internas por meio de aspectos históricos que retratam a prisão em diferentes períodos, bem como descrevemos a constituição do corpus apontando, sobretudo, o Regimento Interno da Instituição Penal de que provém. Por fim, o terceiro capítulo traz os gestos de interpretação mobilizados nas/sobre as cartas das mulheres internas pela escrita de si, que permitiram identificar os discursos que emergem nesse contexto de privação da liberdade, bem como, os efeitos de sentido que corroboram uma representação da prisão como lugar de exclusão. ABSTRACT - This research aims to question the subjectivity process of female prisoners from the Female Penal Establishment from Três Lagoas - MS via writing about themselves, analyzing the different modes of formation of those individuals in situations of exclusion as well as the representations about themselves, the others and the prison. This assignment comes out from the need to investigate the relationship between the excluded prisoners, the society and the institution, once crystallized speeches and games of truth constitute the context of power relations. Assuming that resistance is constitutive of writings by those prisoners by the power relations, we have the hypothesis that while they write their letters, they undergo a process of exposing their subjectivity, because they are read by the direction of the institution and challenged by silencing, they emerge discourses of strategy. The analysis mainly focused on understanding the ways of the internal constitution of subjectivity written by the women themselves, based on Foucault's methodology: the arqueogenealogy, and anchored on the following research questions: are the " walls " the order of the institution subjects and discourses? How writing about themselves takes place in this context? What are the representations of themselves, the others and prison emerge in this context of deprivation of liberty? Thus, the methodological procedure consisted of collecting fifty-eight letters written by the female prisoners in their everyday internal and their correspondents: family, friends, or partner. As theoretical assumptions, we seek subsidies in the fundamentals of Analysis of French Discourse inaugurated by Pecheux (1997a, 1988, 1990), using, in particular, his concept of imaginary formations (1988). Under a transdisciplinary approach and perspective - deconstructive discourse, dealing with identity formation, we base this research on Coracini (2003, 2007). On the relations of power, games of truth, subjectivity and writing about themselves, we start from Foucault (1979, 2006a, 2006b, 2006c). Regarding the results, the analysis showed that written done by those prisoners emerge discourses of resistance and / or strategy in comparison with the situation of exclusion in which are seen, thus characterizing their mode of constitution. We still point out the relations of power through these discourses, which, in turn, are challenged by control devices which seek to silence these subjects in custody. This research is divided into three chapters: the first contains the theoretical foundations of discourse analysis, in the second, we present the conditions of production which constitute the internal discourse of women through historical aspects that depict different periods in prison, as well as describe the constitution of the corpus pointing, especially the prisoners’ regulations of the Penal Institution that are established. Finally, the third chapter brings the gestures of interpretation mobilized on the letters written by the prisoners themselves, which allowed to identify the discourses that emerge in this context of deprivation of liberty, as well as the effects of meaning that support for representation of the prison as a place of exclusion.

D’ençà de la invasió de l’Islam a l’Índia, del segle XIII fins a l’actualitat, el poble rom ha patit discriminacions i persecucions de tot tipus. En uns inicis, per l’esclavitud del segle XIV fins als skin-heads i altres formes racistes d’avui en dia, passant per l’Holocaust nazi del segle XX, on es calcula que van morir entre un 70 i un 80 per cent de la població gitana. En aquest article el que es vol és contrastar la imatge social que té la població del col·lectiu romanó amb la imatge que tenen els propis gitanos d’ells mateixos, analitzant si existeix relació, si les definicions corresponen amb la realitat i si la coneixença influeix amb la manera de percebre el col·lectiu i en quina mesura Desde la invasión del Islam en la India, del siglo XIII hasta la actualidad, el pueblo rom ha sufrido discriminaciones y persecuciones de todo tipo. En unos inicios, por la esclavitud del siglo XIV hasta los skin-heads y otras formas racistas de hoy en día, pasando por el Holocausto nazi del siglo XX, donde se calcula que murieron entre un 70 y un 80 por ciento de la población gitana. En este artículo lo que se quiere es contrastar la imagen social que tiene la población del colectivo romanó con la imagen que tienen los propios gitanos de ellos mismos, analizando si existe relación, si las definiciones corresponden con la realidad y si el conocimiento influye con la manera de percibir el colectivo y en qué medida Since the invasion of Islam in India, in the thirteenth century to the present, the Roma people have suffered persecution and discrimination of all kinds. In beginnings, for the fourteenth century slavery to skin-heads and other racism forms today, through the Nazi Holocaust of the twentieth century, where it is estimated that died between 70 and 80 percent of the Roma population. In this article you wanted to compare the social image that people have of the group stays with the image they have of themselves, analyzing the correlation, if the definitions correspond to reality and if the knowledge influences the way of perceiving the group and how much

Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral problematizar o processo de constituição identitária do indígena a partir do discurso do "Documento Final do Acampamento Terra Livre 2011 - pelo direito à vida e à mãe Terra". Os objetivos específicos incluem analisar como são construídas as representações sociais de terra, cidadania e exclusão ‒ que constituem o discurso do documento oficial sobre o indígena ‒ a partir da perspectiva discursiva e do processo de referenciação linguística. Procuramos interpretar, com base em regularidades enunciativas localizadas em torno dos objetos de saber terra, cidadania e exclusão, as diferentes formações discursivas e os efeitos de sentido possíveis que despontam dessa relação e os interdiscursos presentes no discurso do documento oficial. Ao abordar o sujeito por suas práticas discursivas, nos quais o poder se exerce e cruza o eixo social, optamos pelo método de análise arqueogenealógico elaborado por Foucault que, em consonância com a Análise de discurso e os Estudos Culturais, formam a base teórica transdisciplinar de nossa pesquisa. Esta dissertação está dividida em três capítulos, a saber: no primeiro capítulo apresentamos as condições de produção do Acampamento Terra Livre e os principais temas que surgiram em torno da questão indígena após a Constituição Federal de 1988; no segundo capítulo apontamos principais noções da Análise de Discurso e dos Estudos Culturais que irão subsidiar nossa análise e no terceiro capítulo procedemos à interpretação dos recortes selecionados tendo em vista a constituição identitária do indígena. As análises apontam os conflitos existentes entre o Acampamento Terra Livre e o Estado e que situam o indígena no entre-lugar (BHABHA, 1998) conflituoso entre a luta por reconhecimento social, em defesa de seus direitos e a impossibilidade de alcançá-los, considerando que a segregação do indígena encontra-se na própria Constituição que inclui/exclui, simultaneamente. A luta pela terra adquire uma dimensão política em um embate de forças entre o Acampamento Terra Livre, o Estado, os fazendeiros e empresários e é representada no discurso do movimento como um lugar de abrigo, proteção, ao mesmo tempo que se torna objeto da falta, do desejo, lugar de exclusão e de (des)estabilização do indígena. ABSTRACT - The general objective of this research is to discuss the identity of indigenous people in the discourse of the "Final Document of the Free Land Camp 2011 - for the right to life and mother earth". The specific objectives include analyzing how social representations of land, citizenship and exclusion‒that constitute the official document about indigenous people‒are built from a discursive perspective and the linguistic referencing process. Based on enunciative regularities located around the knowledge objects: land; citizenship; and exclusion, we aim to interpret the various discursive formations, the effects of possible sense that emerge from this relationship and the inter-discourses present in the discourse of the official document. When approaching the subjects through their discursive practices, in which power is exercised crossing the social axis, we chose the archeogeneaological analysis method developed by Foucault, which in line with Discourse Analysis and Cultural Studies constitutes the theoretical basis of our transdisciplinary research. This thesis is divided into three chapters: in the first one, we present the production conditions of the Free Land Camp and the main themes that emerged on the indigenous question after the Federal Constitution of 1988; in the second chapter, we point out the main concepts of Discourse Analysis and Cultural Studies that will subside our analysis; and in the third chapter, we interpret the selected excerpts by taking into consideration the identity constitution of indigenous people. The analysis pointed out the existing conflicts between the Free Land Camp and the State, which locate the indigenous people in the conflictive between-place (Bhabha, 1998) between the struggle for social recognition, in defense of their rights, and the impossibility of reaching them, considering that the indigenous segregation is in the midst of the Constitution itself that includes/excludes simultaneously. The struggle for land has a political dimension in a clash of forces between the Free Land Camp, the State, farmers and entrepreneurs and is represented in the discourse of the movement as a place of shelter, protection, at the same time that it becomes object of lack, desire, place of exclusion, and (de)stabilization of indigenous people.

Quan una persona comet un delicte tipificat per la llei i el jutge decreta presó, ja sigui preventiva o havent de complir una condemna en un Centre Penitenciari, la persona, per a la societat, automàticament acaba formant part de la categoria social de pres. El contingut d’aquesta i la imatge social que se’n tingui, pot presentar certes diferències segons qui l’observi, ja siguin els mateixos interns i internes, sigui la població general que hagi tingut contacte amb persones privades de llibertat, o bé la que població que no n’ha tingut Cuando una persona comete un delito tipificado por la ley y el juez decreta prisión, ya sea preventiva o debiendo cumplir una condena en un centro penitenciario, la persona, para la sociedad, automáticamente termina formando parte de la categoría social de preso. El contenido de esta y la imagen social que se tenga, puede presentar ciertas diferencias según quien la observe, ya sean los propios internos e internas, sea población general que haya tenido contacto con personas privadas de libertad, o bien población que no haya tenido dicho contacto When a person commits a crime punishable by law and the judge orders prison, either preventive or having to serve a sentence in a penitentiary, the person for the society automatically ends up in the social categorical of prisoner. The content of this, and the social image, may have some difference according to whom observes, whether the inmates themselves, the general population, which has been in contact with prisoners, and people who have not contact with them

This paper explores the relationship between social work and social exclusion within the context of poverty as capability deprivation. It suggests that a social exclusion perspective could be relevant and useful to social work theory and practice in Latin America. The Chile Solidario Program is used as an example of a social program that incorporates a social exclusion perspective and in which social workers play a vital role in promoting social inclusion., Columbia Social Work Review, Vol 7 No 1 (2009)

En una època de transformacions vertiginoses que han situat les generacions joves en una situació d'exclusió social, política, econòmica i simbòlica, les polítiques de joventut han d'esdevenir un revulsiu per a l'aprenentatge i la normalització de la ciutadania activa, dins un ampli programa de reforma social orientat a la recuperació de l'Estat del benestar i de la iniciativa política per part d'unes institucions refundades sobre nocions de democràcia participativa. En aquest context, el moviment associatiu juvenil és una expressió genuïna d'apoderament, participació autònoma i capacitat d'anàlisi que pot tenir un paper protagonista, amb l'extensió del model de consells de joves arreu del territori com a espais de deliberació, decisió i participació democràtica

The central question of this thesis, as the title indicates, is to question the changing meaning of public space. But, it also about measuring the constitutive role of regulations embedded in the property of public space in the functioning of marginal groups. I believe that the former is connected to the latter. The people whose rights are adversely affected by regulations around public property are marginal groups (homeless, day laborers, etc.). The changes in urban planning practices that expand the opportunities and functioning of marginal groups can thus be one of the major forces in reducing the systematic deprivation of these groups. Through the case of Homeless "Agency" and Day labor "Agency," I will examine the evidence that exemplifies cooperative approach of organization in public space rather than coercive.

[spa] La presente investigación analiza la influencia del territorio (el barrio) sobre la configuración y desarrollo de los trayectos juveniles -especialmente en las dimensiones formativas, laborales y de ocio-, al mismo tiempo que tiene en cuenta la ciudad y el impacto de las instituciones sociales ubicadas en el barrio. La pregunta de investigación entorno a la cual gira el presente trabajo es si vivir en un barrio desfavorecido influye en el desarrollo personal, laboral y social de los jóvenes (de entre 16 y 24 años) que residen en él; así como la forma en qué influye, y a través de qué mecanismos lo hace. Dicho de otro modo, pretendemos estudiar si el tipo de barrio en el que los jóvenes crecen, está relacionado con que los jóvenes residentes desarrollen trayectorias vitales vulnerables a la exclusión social. Con la intención de comprender el efecto barrio y qué relación mantiene con la vulnerabilidad a la exclusión social juvenil, definimos tres objetivos fundamentales: el primer objetivo supone analizar la influencia del barrio en las condiciones y la calidad de vida de sus residentes, especialmente entre los jóvenes. El segundo objetivo pretende explicar los mecanismos a través de los que operan la influencia que ejercen las instituciones y sus actores (educadores, trabajadores sociales) en la configuración los trayectos juveniles. Y el tercer objetivo es identificar puntos fuertes y débiles de las actuaciones institucionales dirigidas a los jóvenes en estos barrios. Para abordar estos objetivos, hemos desarrollado una metodología variada, la cual combina el análisis cuantitativo –mediante el uso de datos censales y del padrón municipal -, el análisis cualitativo –a partir de la recogida de información (sentimientos, percepciones…) a través de instrumentos cualitativos como de la entrevista semi-estructurada temática y oral, la entrevista estructurada temática y escrita –y, el análisis comparativo entre ciudades (Barcelona y Milán), barrios (Trinitat Nova, Ciutat Meridiana, Comasina y Sant’Ambrogio) y jóvenes. Entre las conclusiones del estudio se destaca: en primer lugar, la heterogeneidad del colectivo joven y la diversidad de trayectos juveniles que éstos desarrollan en cada uno de los cuatro barrios. En segundo lugar, la evidencia de que el efecto barrio en Trinitat Nova, Ciutat Meridiana, Comasina y Sant’Ambrogio no es homogéneo ni determinante para los trayectos vitales de los jóvenes. Sino que éste presenta intensidades y formas diferentes de influencia, en función de las estrategias e interacciones que los jóvenes establecen con las instituciones (en especial, en el ámbito de la educación y uso del tiempo libre). Y en tercer lugar, la vulnerabilidad social que experimentan algunos jóvenes en estos barrios no está tan vinculada al barrio en el que viven, sino a las interacciones que se establecen entre instituciones y jóvenes, y las experiencias derivadas de dicha interacción. Entre el conjunto de experiencias, tienen un peso muy importante en la configuración de los trayectos juveniles las vivencias en el ámbito de la instrucción y del uso del tiempo libre. Éstas impactan significativamente en la autoestima de los jóvenes y en sus expectativas de futuro., [cat] Aquesta investigació analitza la influència del territori (el barri) sobre la configuració i desenvolupament dels trajectes juvenils- especialment en les dimensions formatives, laborals i d'oci-, alhora que té en compte la ciutat i l'impacte de les institucions socials ubicades al barri. La pregunta d’investigació entorn de la qual gira el present treball és si viure en un barri desfavorit influeix en el desenvolupament personal, laboral i social dels joves¡ (d'entre 16 i 24 anys) que hi resideixen, així com la forma en què influeix, i a través de quins mecanismes ho fa. Dit d’una altra manera, pretenem estudiar si el tipus de barri en què els joves creixen, està relacionat amb què els joves residents desenvolupin trajectòries vitals vulnerables a l'exclusió social. Amb la intenció de comprendre l'efecte barri i quina relació manté amb la vulnerabilitat a l'exclusió social juvenil, definim tres objectius fonamentals: el primer objectiu suposa analitzar la influència del barri en les condicions i la qualitat de vida dels seus residents, especialment entre els joves. El segon objectiu pretén explicar els mecanismes a través dels que operen la influència que exerceixen les institucions i els seus actors (educadors, treballadors socials) en la configuració dels trajectes juvenils. I el tercer objectiu és identificar punts forts i febles de les actuacions institucionals adreçades als joves en aquests barris. Per abordar aquests objectius, hem desenvolupat una metodologia variada, la qual combina l'anàlisi quantitatiu- mitjançant l'ús de dades censals i del padró municipal-, l'anàlisi qualitatiu- a partir del qual s’ha recollit informació com ara sentiments, percepcions..., mitjançant instruments qualitatius com l'entrevista semi-estructurada temàtica i oral, l'entrevista estructurada temàtica i escrita- i, l'anàlisi comparatiu entre ciutats (Barcelona i Milà), barris (Trinitat Nova, Ciutat Meridiana, Comasina i Sant'Ambrogio) i joves. Les conclusions més rellevants d’aquest estudi són: en primer lloc, l'heterogeneïtat del col•lectiu jove i la diversitat de trajectes juvenils que aquests desenvolupen en cada un dels quatre barris. En segon lloc, l'evidència que l'efecte barri a Trinitat Nova, Ciutat Meridiana, Comasina i Sant'Ambrogio no és homogeni ni determinant per als trajectes vitals dels joves. Sinó que aquest presenta intensitats i formes diferents d'influència, en funció de les estratègies i interaccions que els joves estableixen amb les institucions (en especial, amb les institucions de l'àmbit de l'educació en el lleure). I en tercer lloc, la vulnerabilitat social que experimenten alguns joves en aquests barris no està tan vinculada al barri on viuen, sinó a les interaccions que s'estableixen entre institucions i joves, i les experiències derivades d'aquesta interacció. Entre el conjunt d'experiències, tenen un pes molt important en la configuració dels trajectes juvenils les vivències en l'àmbit de la instrucció i de l'ús del temps lliure. Aquestes impacten significativament en l'autoestima dels joves i en les seves expectatives de futur., This investigation analyses the influence of the territory (the neighbourhood) on the configuration and development of youth trajectories – especially regarding education, work and leisure time-, while taking into consideration the city and the impact of social institutions located in the neighbourhood. Our central research questions are: Does living in a deprived neighbourhood have an impact on the careers, and personal and social development of young people (16 to 24 years old)? How is that influence? Which are the mechanisms at work? In other words, we aim to study if the neighbourhood where young people grow up is related to the development of life trajectories vulnerable to social exclusion. Aiming to understand the neighbourhood effect and the type of relation with vulnerability to social exclusion, three main objectives were defined: First, to analyse the influence of the neighbourhood regarding living conditions and quality of life of the residents, especially young people. Second, to explain the mechanisms used by institutions and their actors (educators, social workers) to impact on the configuration of youth trajectories. And third, to identify weaknesses and strengths of institutional actions designed for young people in these neighbourhoods. To tackle our objectives, we have developed a comprehensive methodology, combining quantitative analysis –combining census data and the municipal registry of inhabitants-, qualitative analysis –gathering information (feelings, perceptions…) through qualitative tools such as thematic semi-structured oral interviews, and thematic structured written interviews- and, comparative analysis between cities (Barcelona and Milan), neighbourhoods (Trinitat Nova, Ciutat Meridiana, Comasina y Sant’Ambrogio), and young people. The conclusions of our research highlight, firstly, the heterogeneity of young people and the diversity of youth trajectories developed in each neighbourhood. Secondly, it became evident that the neighbourhood effect in the sample neighbourhoods is neither homogeneous, nor determinant for youth life paths. In contrast, there are different degrees and types of impact, depending on the strategies and interactions young people establish with the institutions (especially with regard to education and use of leisure time). And, thirdly, social vulnerability experienced by some youth in the sample neighbourhoods is not strictly related to the neighbourhood where they live but, instead, to the interactions established between institutions and young people, and the experiences based on such interaction. Among these experiences, the ones related to education and use of leisure time, play a key role in the configuration of youth trajectories, having a significant impact on the self-esteem and future expectations of young people.

Entre 1960 y 1980 el Área Metropolitana de Monterrey (en adelante, AMM) experimenta un auge gradual de su estructura geoeconómica, reduciendo su importancia relativa de las manufacturas y aumento de los servicios, con ello eleva su economía y participación nacional. Posteriormente en el periodo comprendido entre 1970 y 1990, el AMM se posiciona como la tercera ciudad en importancia demográfica en México. En las últimas dos décadas, se consolida como capital de servicios en la región noreste de México. Ello ha provocado un intenso fenómeno de inmigración en busca de una mejor calidad de vida. El resultado ha propiciado un crecimiento urbano con ciertos impactos medioambientales y sociales, una urbanización sin dotación de equipamiento, altos costos y tiempos para el desplazamiento, una fragmentación territorial, un incremento de inseguridad y una delincuencia organizada. Este estudio caracteriza y describe las tipologías de segregación residencial y su impacto urbano en un ámbito constituido por fronteras físicas y sociales que se erigen como respuesta a la creciente importancia de la inseguridad. En donde, la mitigación al fenómeno se ha reducido a murallas y dispositivos de seguridad privada, como símbolos de status y distinción. En esta línea, se analiza Ciudad Solidaridad, debido a que en ella se han ubicado fraccionamientos de este tipo (clase media) rodeados de colonias tradicionales (clase baja), lo cual acentúa la diferenciación en la calidad de vivienda de los diferentes estratos socioeconómicos. En el análisis se utilizaron datos estadísticos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (en adelante, INEGI), de Catastro y de levantamiento de campo, con los que se conformó un SIG. El análisis empírico se realiza por medio de estadísticos descriptivos, indicadores sintéticos de segregación y correlación. Entre 1960 i 1980 l’Àrea Metropolitana de Monterrey (en endavant, AMM) experimenta un auge gradual de la seva estructura geoeconòmica, reduint la seva importància relativa de les manufactures i l’augment dels serveis, elevant la seva economia i participació nacional. Posteriorment, en el període comprès entre 1970 i 1990, l’AMM es posiciona com tercera ciutat en importància a Mèxic. En les últimes dos dècades, es consolida com a capital de serveis de la regió nord-oest de Mèxic. Això ha provocat un intens fenomen d’immigració cercant una millor qualitat de vida. El resultat ha suposat un creixement urbà amb certs impactes mediambientals i socials, una urbanització sense dotació d’equipament, alts costos i temps pel desplaçament, una fragmentació territorial, un increment d’inseguretat i una delinqüència organitzada. Aquest estudi caracteritza i descriu les tipologies de segregació residencial i el seu impacte urbà en un àmbit constituït per fronteres físiques i socials que sorgeixen com a resposta a la creixent importància de la inseguretat. On la mitigació al fenomen s’ha reduït a muralles i dispositius de seguretat privada, com símbols d’estatus i distinció. En aquesta línia es canalitza Ciutat Solidaritat, degut a que en ella s’han ubicat fraccionaments d’aquest tipus (classe mitja) rodejats de colònies tradicionals (classe baixa), la qual cosa accentua la diferenciació en la qualitat de l’habitatge dels diferents estrats econòmics. En l’anàlisi s’han utilitzat dades estadístiques de l’Institut Nacional d’Estadística i Geografia, de Cadastre i de treball de camp, amb les que s’ha conformat el Sistema d’Informació Geogràfica. L’anàlisi empíric es realitza per mitjà d’estadístics descriptius, indicador sintètics de segregació i correlació. Between 1960 and 1980 the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey (MAM) experienced a gradual transformation of its geoeconomical structure, reducing the relative importance of manufacturing but increasing services; raising their economy and participation in the national scene. Thereafter, in 1970-1990 period, MAM ranked third in largest population in Mexico. In the last two decades, it has been consolidating as a services node of Mexican northeast region. This has led to an intensive immigration phenomenon, seeking for a better quality of life. As a result, an urban growth with some environmental and social impacts, a non-well equipped urbanizations, higher mobility costs and time, territorial fragmentation, and the increase in insecurity and organized crime. This work is aimed to characterize and describe the types of residential segregation and its urban impacts in places with particular physical and social limits in response to the growing importance of insecurity; places where walls and private security devices has been appeared as marks of distinction. “Ciudad Solidaria” has been studied in this framework because there has been located this type of subdivisions (middle class type), surrounded by traditional lower class neighborhoods, which emphasizes the distinction in the quality of housing of different socioeconomic levels. The analysis used statistical data from the National institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), Cadastre and field survey, which was formed with a GIS. The empirical analysis is performed using descriptive statistics, summary measures of segregation and correlation.

Entre 1960 y 1980 el Área Metropolitana de Monterrey (en adelante, AMM) experimenta un auge gradual de su estructura geoeconómica, reduciendo su importancia relativa de las manufacturas y aumento de los servicios, con ello eleva su economía y participación nacional. Posteriormente en el periodo comprendido entre 1970 y 1990, el AMM se posiciona como la tercera ciudad en importancia demográfica en México. En las últimas dos décadas, se consolida como capital de servicios en la región noreste de México. Ello ha provocado un intenso fenómeno de inmigración en busca de una mejor calidad de vida. El resultado ha propiciado un crecimiento urbano con ciertos impactos medioambientales y sociales, una urbanización sin dotación de equipamiento, altos costos y tiempos para el desplazamiento, una fragmentación territorial, un incremento de inseguridad y una delincuencia organizada. Este estudio caracteriza y describe las tipologías de segregación residencial y su impacto urbano en un ámbito constituido por fronteras físicas y sociales que se erigen como respuesta a la creciente importancia de la inseguridad. En donde, la mitigación al fenómeno se ha reducido a murallas y dispositivos de seguridad privada, como símbolos de status y distinción. En esta línea, se analiza Ciudad Solidaridad, debido a que en ella se han ubicado fraccionamientos de este tipo (clase media) rodeados de colonias tradicionales (clase baja), lo cual acentúa la diferenciación en la calidad de vivienda de los diferentes estratos socioeconómicos. En el análisis se utilizaron datos estadísticos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (en adelante, INEGI), de Catastro y de levantamiento de campo, con los que se conformó un SIG. El análisis empírico se realiza por medio de estadísticos descriptivos, indicadores sintéticos de segregación y correlación. Entre 1960 i 1980 l’Àrea Metropolitana de Monterrey (en endavant, AMM) experimenta un auge gradual de la seva estructura geoeconòmica, reduint la seva importància relativa de les manufactures i l’augment dels serveis, elevant la seva economia i participació nacional. Posteriorment, en el període comprès entre 1970 i 1990, l’AMM es posiciona com tercera ciutat en importància a Mèxic. En les últimes dos dècades, es consolida com a capital de serveis de la regió nord-oest de Mèxic. Això ha provocat un intens fenomen d’immigració cercant una millor qualitat de vida. El resultat ha suposat un creixement urbà amb certs impactes mediambientals i socials, una urbanització sense dotació d’equipament, alts costos i temps pel desplaçament, una fragmentació territorial, un increment d’inseguretat i una delinqüència organitzada. Aquest estudi caracteritza i descriu les tipologies de segregació residencial i el seu impacte urbà en un àmbit constituït per fronteres físiques i socials que sorgeixen com a resposta a la creixent importància de la inseguretat. On la mitigació al fenomen s’ha reduït a muralles i dispositius de seguretat privada, com símbols d’estatus i distinció. En aquesta línia es canalitza Ciutat Solidaritat, degut a que en ella s’han ubicat fraccionaments d’aquest tipus (classe mitja) rodejats de colònies tradicionals (classe baixa), la qual cosa accentua la diferenciació en la qualitat de l’habitatge dels diferents estrats econòmics. En l’anàlisi s’han utilitzat dades estadístiques de l’Institut Nacional d’Estadística i Geografia, de Cadastre i de treball de camp, amb les que s’ha conformat el Sistema d’Informació Geogràfica. L’anàlisi empíric es realitza per mitjà d’estadístics descriptius, indicador sintètics de segregació i correlació. Between 1960 and 1980 the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey (MAM) experienced a gradual transformation of its geoeconomical structure, reducing the relative importance of manufacturing but increasing services; raising their economy and participation in the national scene. Thereafter, in 1970-1990 period, MAM ranked third in largest population in Mexico. In the last two decades, it has been consolidating as a services node of Mexican northeast region. This has led to an intensive immigration phenomenon, seeking for a better quality of life. As a result, an urban growth with some environmental and social impacts, a non-well equipped urbanizations, higher mobility costs and time, territorial fragmentation, and the increase in insecurity and organized crime. This work is aimed to characterize and describe the types of residential segregation and its urban impacts in places with particular physical and social limits in response to the growing importance of insecurity; places where walls and private security devices has been appeared as marks of distinction. “Ciudad Solidaria” has been studied in this framework because there has been located this type of subdivisions (middle class type), surrounded by traditional lower class neighborhoods, which emphasizes the distinction in the quality of housing of different socioeconomic levels. The analysis used statistical data from the National institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), Cadastre and field survey, which was formed with a GIS. The empirical analysis is performed using descriptive statistics, summary measures of segregation and correlation.

This paper explores the extent to which older persons living in the Northern and Southern Harbour regions in Malta are prone to processes and conditions of social exclusion. In this study, seven dimensions of social exclusion were constructed - namely, social relationships, cultural/leisure activities, civic activities, basic services, neighbourhood, financial products, material goods. Research data demonstrate clearly that older persons face and experience social exclusion - ranging from participation in civic society to access to services and amenities. A significant percentage also experiences multiple risks of social exclusion. This paper also puts forward policy proposals to counter social exclusion experiences amongt older persons., non peer-reviewed

Critical commentary on Fintan O’Regan’s paper Exclusion from School and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder., peer-reviewed

Critical commentary on Fintan O’Regan’s paper Exclusion from School and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder., peer-reviewed

Critical commentary on Fintan O’Regan’s paper Exclusion from School and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, peer-reviewed

Critical commentary on Fintan O’Regan’s paper Exclusion from School and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder., peer-reviewed

RESUMEN: Esta investigación aborda la producción de espacialidades por efecto del destierro de poblaciones afrodescendientes en Medellín, Colombia. En las espacialidades del destierro configuradas por el conflicto armado y las interrelaciones de poderes diferenciales entre el régimen del capital globalizado, actores armados, el Estado, la sociedad civil, los movimientos sociales, las víctimas de la guerra y los demás agentes sociales involucrados, se desenvuelven las vidas de los desterrados quienes son confinados y dominados en los espacios del desarraigo: lugares de expulsión, albergues o refugios, asentamientos y nuevos barrios de reubicación urbana. El destierro afrodescendiente en Colombia entendido como un proceso social, político y económico de dominación y control produce unas espacialidades concretas que afectan formas territoriales específicas producidas ancestralmente por las comunidades afrocolombianas, al tiempo que hace emerger nuevas condiciones territoriales que configuran a su vez la cotidianidad de los desterrados, sus culturas y formas de organización.En los espacios del destierro también se dan acciones y discursos de resistencia por parte de los mismos desterrados, lo que pone en juego la dialéctica de la producción social del espacio, haciendo posible que los sujetos desterrados articulen distintas formas de organización para sobrevivir al interior de una sociedad que los discrimina y excluye, tanto por su condición de afrodescendientes como de desterrados. En los contraespacios de la re-existencia afrodescendiente se despliegan distintas prácticas y discursos para sobrevivir a la muerte, el olvido y la marginalización a través de la activación de las memorias desterradas y de una serie de prácticas de re-existencia que apelan a los conocimientos configurados en los territorios de origen y a la actualización de las identidades urbanas para producir nuevas subjetividades individuales y colectivas.

Ankara : The Department of Management, Bilkent University, 2009. Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2009. Includes bibliographical references leaves 62-67. Yıldırım, Gülberk M.B.A

Este estudio se enfoca en la manera en que un grupo de jóvenes de sectores populares de Cali, Colombia, ha construido sus identidades sociales en relación con el rap. Los datos que se presentan como evidencia se apoyan en una investigación etnográfica hecha en 1998 y 2000 con grupos de raperos que tienen una fuerte ascendencia en esta ciudad. La discusión que se propone se centra, básicamente, en dos aspectos. Uno, caracterizar el tipo de identidad que los jóvenes construyen alrededor de esta oferta cultural y, dos, analizar estas identidades como un tipo de productividad simbólica que los jóvenes realizan para resistir y luchar contra las condiciones de pobreza y exclusión social en que viven. The study focuses on the way in which a group of young people living in working-class neighborhoods in the city of Cali, Colombia, uses rap to construct its social identities. The data derive from ethnographic research conducted with prominent Cali rap groups in 1998 and 2000. Discussion centers on two themes: (1) characterization of the type of identity young people construct around this cultural phenomenon, and (2) analysis of these identities as a type of symbolic productivity by which these young people resist and fi ght the conditions of poverty and social exclusion in which they live.

This research report documents the carrying out of focus group research to reflect the drive of EAPN Malta to continue aiding the development of existing national strategies for social protection and social inclusion in Malta. Drawing inspiration from the strengths and recommendations found in previous EAPN Malta projects - such as EAPN Malta recommendations for the NAP 2006-2008, EAPN Malta response to the draft National Action Plan 2006-2008, and EAPN Malta assessment of the National Action Plan against Poverty and Social Exclusion 2004-2006 plus Light Update Report 2005 - this report records the interest of EAPN Malta to give a voice to subaltern social sectors. Although poverty and social inclusion/exclusion are related to various aspects of life - ranging from employment to education, culture and leisure, housing to social welfare - limited time and human resources compelled EAPN Malta to limit its focus to employment. EAPN Malta reflects the Government of Malta’s belief that employment is imperative in the achievement of economic independence and the promotion of social integration. This is especially true in times of postindustrialism and consumerism where a ‘normal life’ is one which is preoccupied with the making of choices among the wide variety of publicly displayed opportunities for pleasurable sensations and lively experiences., peer-reviewed