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L’objectiu d’aquest article és explorar a través de la teoria afectiva i la crítica de gènere com es projecta el vincle mare-filla-mare i quins afectes es convoquen en un conjunt de poemaris que versen sobre l’impacte d’esdevenir mare, d’un cantó, i el de perdre la figura materna, de l’altre. En concret, analitzem de quina manera les poetes expressen la necessitat de confeccionar una genealogia femenina i quines emocions participen en el seu procés de construcció. A través dels poemaris Ameba (2020), d’Anna Gual, i Felizidad (2020), d’Olga Novo, analitzem les formes de l’amor, la identificació i l’arrelament genealògic present en els poemes que ambdues autores escriuen durant el procés de gestació. I, d’altra banda, pararem atenció al recull La mort de la mare em va fer més lliure (2016), de Mari Luz Esteban, i al poemari I Déu en algun lloc (2017), de Sònia Moll, que versen de maneres diverses sobre l’absència de la mare, la tristesa i el desig de seguir endavant lluny de l’ombra materna. Drawing on affect theory and gender criticism, this article explores the mother-daughter-mother bond. More specifically, it examines affect in relation to becoming a mother and to losing the mother. On the one hand, through the poems Ameba (2020) by Anna Gual and Felizidad (2020) by Olga Novo, I analyse the construction of love, identification and genealogical roots in the poems that both authors write during the gestation process. On the other hand, I focus on the collection La mort de la mare em va fer més lliure (2016), by Mari Luz Esteban and I Déu en algun lloc (2017), by Sònia Moll, which speak of the absence of the mother, the sadness and the desire to move forward, away from the mother’s shadow.

Escherichia coli is the bacterial pathogen most frequently associated with mare infertility. Here, we characterized 24 E. coli strains isolated from mares which presented signs of endometritis and infertility from a genotypic and phenotypic point of view. The majority of the isolates belonged to phylogenetic group B1 (9/24, 37.5%). Regarding antibiotic resistance profiles, 10 out of 24 (41.7%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Moreover, 17 out of 24 (70.8%) were strong or moderate biofilm producers, and of these eight were MDR strains. Interestingly, 21 out of 24 (87.5%) E. coli strains were phenotypically resistant to ampicillin and 10 of them were also resistant to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Regarding the presence of selected virulence factors, 50% of the examined strains carried at least three of them, with fimH detected in all strains, and followed by kpsMTII (11/24, 45.9%). No strain was able to invade HeLa cell monolayers. No relevant differences for all the investigated characteristics were shown by strains that grew directly on plates versus strains requiring the broth-enrichment step before growing on solid media. In conclusion, this work provides new insight into E. coli strains associated with mares’ infertility. These results broaden the knowledge of E. coli and, consequently, add useful information to improve prevention strategies and therapeutic treatments contributing to a significant increase in the pregnancy rate in mares.

This study investigated the seasonal variations in mRNA expression of FSH (Fshr), LH (Lhr) receptors, melatonin (Mt1 and Mt2) receptors, melatonin-synthetizing enzymes (Asmt and Aanat) and melatonin concentration in developing follicles from mares raised in natural photoperiods. For one year, ultrasonographic follicular aspiration procedures were performed monthly, and small (35 mm) follicles were recovered from five mares. One day before monthly sample collections, an exploratory ultrasonography conducted to record the number and the size of all follicles larger than 15 mm. The total number of large follicles were higher during the spring/summer (8.2 ± 1.9) than during autumn/winter (3.0 ± 0.5). Compared to autumn/winter seasons, there was an increase of Fshr and Aanat mRNA expressions in small, medium and large follicles, an increase of Lhr and Asmt mRNA expressions in medium and large follicles and an increase of Mt1 and Mt2 mRNA expressions in small and large follicles during spring/summer. The melatonin levels in follicular fluid were also higher during the spring/summer seasons. The present data show that melatonin locally upregulates the mRNA expression of Mt1 and Mt2 receptors and melatonin-forming enzymes in mare developing follicles during reproductive seasons.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficient of a diet with Angleton hay and concentrate based on rice by-products, and its impact on parameters of follicular dynamics. Seven Colombian criollo mares were fed Angleton hay ad libitum (T1) and Angleton hay plus concentrate containing rice by-products (T2) for periods of 75 days. Samples of the two diets were taken for bromatological analysis, faecal samples for the determination of the apparent digestibility coefficient and blood samples for the determination of metabolic and hormonal analytes. Additionally, follicular monitoring was performed through transrectal ultrasonography. The concentrate made with rice by-products improved the apparent digestibility coefficient of the fibrous fraction of the diet and influenced the daily growth of the preovulatory follicle diameter, doubling the levels of FSH and LH., El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el coeficiente de digestibilidad aparente de una dieta con heno Angleton y concentrado a base de subproductos de arroz, y su impacto sobre parámetros de la dinámica folicular. Siete yeguas criollas colombianas fueron alimentadas con heno de Angleton a voluntad (T1) y heno de Angleton más concentrado elaborado con subproductos de arroz (T2), por periodos de 75 días. Se tomaron muestras de las dos dietas para análisis bromatológico, muestras de heces para la determinación del coeficiente de digestibilidad aparente y muestras de sangre para la determinación de analitos metabólicos y hormonales. Adicionalmente, se realizaron seguimientos foliculares a través de ultrasonografía transrectal. El concentrado elaborado con subproductos del arroz mejoró el coeficiente de digestibilidad aparente de la fracción fibrosa de la dieta e influyó en el crecimiento diario del diámetro del folículo preovulatorio, duplicando los niveles de FSH y LH.

The aim of the research was to determine the differences in IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, INF-γ, TNF-α and IL-1ra blood concentrations in pregnant and non-pregnant healthy mares. The mares were divided into two groups: pregnant mares (n = 18; age 6.11 ± 2.25 years); non-pregnant mares (n = 6; age 5.67 ± 1.75 years). Blood samples were collected from all mares (n = 24) three times every month, and then the pregnant group was divided into three subgroups based on the age of the pregnancy (1st group (n = 6)—6th, 7th, 8th; 2nd (n = 6)—7th, 8th, and 9th; 3rd (n = 6)—8th, 9th, 10th month of pregnancy). The concentrations of IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, INF-γ, and TNF-α were higher in the pregnant than in non-pregnant group, whereas only the concentration of IL-1ra was lower in the pregnant than in the non-pregnant groups. Serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 β, IL-2, and IFN-γ in pregnant mares were greater than in non-pregnant mares at the start of the trimester, whereas, IL-4, IL-17 and TNF-α started to rise in the latter months of the third trimester. IL-10 and IL-1ra concentrations started to decrease after the 6th month of pregnancy. In non-pregnant mares cytokine levels were stable during the whole study. In mares, the change in the ratio between Th1 (IL-1, IL-2, INF-γ, TNF-α) and Th2 (e.g., IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) cytokines occurs during pregnancy. The cytokine profile may be useful in the future for monitoring healthy pregnancies; however, more research is needed especially for miscarriage in mares.

Авторами были проведены исследования корреляции основных селекционных признаков лошадей новоалтайской породы мясного направления продуктивности. В данной работе представлены результаты изучения промеров тела, живой массы, а также индексов телосложения жеребцов и кобыл. При этом установлено превосходство лошадей Алтайского края над животными из Республики Алтай по ряду селекционных признаков. Проведены исследования фенотипических корреляций основных хозяйственно-полезных признаков в разрезе пола. Выявлена высокая положительная связь между живой массой и обхватом груди, средняя - между живой массой и косой длинной туловища. В целом изучение взаимосвязей основных хозяйственно-полезных признаков лошадей новоалтайской породы показало положительные корреляции, которые будут использованы при дальнейшем совершенствовании породы., In order to be effective, the selection on a complex of traits of great practical interest is the determination of the correlations between individual economical and useful traits of the population with which is carried out purposeful breeding work. The author has conducted major correlation studies of economical useful traits of Novoaltayskaya meat productivity breed of horses. This paper presents the results of the study of body measurements, live weight, as well as body indices of stallions and mares. At the same time, the superiority of horses from Altai Region over animals from the Altai Republic in a number of breeding traits was established. Studies of phenotypic correlations of the main economical and useful traits in the context of sex have been carried out. A high-level positive relationship between live weight and chest girth, and a medium-level relationship between live weight and length of body are revealed. In general, the study of basic relationship of economically useful traits of horses of the Novoaltayskaya breed showed positive correlations, which will be used for further improvement of the breed., КОНЕВОДСТВО И КОННЫЙ СПОРТ, Выпуск 2 2023

В статье описываются современное состояние, проблемы и перспективы развития продуктивного коневодства Казахстана., The article describes the current state, problems and prospects for the development of productive horse breeding in Kazakhstan., КОНЕВОДСТВО И КОННЫЙ СПОРТ, Выпуск 2 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive performance of fattening and slaughter of creole horses and mares of 10-11 years of age, finished on grazing and slaughtered after six weeks of fattening. Ten horses and 10 mares were used. The productive performance was not affected by the sex of the animal. Average daily weight gain (0.628 and 0.678 kg), dry matter intake (6.91 and 6.95 kg), feed conversion (11.4 and 11.3), carcass yield (47.6 and 44.9%) and meat yield (37.4 and 37.9%), was obtained in males and females, respectively., El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el desempeño productivo del engorde y beneficio de caballos y yeguas criollos de 10-11 años de edad, finalizados al pastoreo y sacrificados a las seis semanas de engorde. Se utilizaron 10 caballos y 10 yeguas. El comportamiento productivo no se afectó por el sexo del animal. Se obtuvo una ganancia de peso media diaria (0.628 y 0.678 kg), consumo de materia seca (6.91 y 6.95 kg), conversión alimenticia (11.4 y 11.3), rendimiento de carcasa (47.6 y 44.9%) y rendimiento en carne (37.4 y 37.9%), en machos y hembras, respectivamente.

RESUMEN El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el desempeño productivo del engorde y beneficio de caballos y yeguas criollos de 10-11 años de edad, finalizados al pastoreo y sacrificados a las seis semanas de engorde. Se utilizaron 10 caballos y 10 yeguas. El comportamiento productivo no se afectó por el sexo del animal. Se obtuvo una ganancia de peso media diaria (0.628 y 0.678 kg), consumo de materia seca (6.91 y 6.95 kg), conversión alimenticia (11.4 y 11.3), rendimiento de carcasa (47.6 y 44.9%) y rendimiento en carne (37.4 y 37.9%), en machos y hembras, respectivamente. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive performance of fattening and slaughter of creole horses and mares of 10-11 years of age, finished on grazing and slaughtered after six weeks of fattening. Ten horses and 10 mares were used. The productive performance was not affected by the sex of the animal. Average daily weight gain (0.628 and 0.678 kg), dry matter intake (6.91 and 6.95 kg), feed conversion (11.4 and 11.3), carcass yield (47.6 and 44.9%) and meat yield (37.4 and 37.9%), was obtained in males and females, respectively.

Our thesis gives the details on a the study of ponds in Martinique. The ponds were dug up and cared for, in order to meet the need of various domestic and agricultural uses, which included water. In light of anthropisation, these fresh water wetlands are constantly shrinking and are now being threatened by degradation. The influences and changes brought about by these still water ecosystems in this highly anthropized landscape, constitutes to a major environmental issue pertaining to diversity and water resources. This in turn places them at the heart of preservation and conservation issues. A multidisciplinary approach to integrate ecology to these aquatic biotypes, has been chosen in order to provide answers to these problems. The physico-chemical factors of these ponds, will not be addressed in this research. The first phase of this project is to identify the ponds using a cartographic documents a field survey, in order to explain their main characteristics, such as geomorphology, hydrology and vegetation. These inventories will be used to draw up a map at the 1/25000th scale with the geographical reference : WGS_1984_UTM_20N of the distribution of the ponds using the QGIS software version 3.10.5. The first set of resultus obtained from the cartographic survey (1/25000th) showed an approximate number of about 600 ponds in a 1128km² area. The pond is distinguished by its surface area between 1m² and 5000 m². In the field, we have examined 42 ponds.The second phase focuses on plant diversity. These areas are mainly home to invasive species The florstic inventory identified eight species. These two stages will make it possible to understand the functioning of the ponds, and to establish a typology and to produce a map of distribution of ponds. It is not the loss of utility that has led to the disappearance of these pond, but rather the lack of knowledge of their roles in our environment. This approach is necessary for a quite urgent management of wetlands, which is due to the increase of issues which threatens them.; Notre thèse porte sur l’étude des mares de la Martinique. Autrefois, elles ont été creusées et entretenues pour répondre à des besoins à des usages domestiques et agricoles. Face à l’anthropisation, ces milieux humides d’eau douce sont en constante diminution et sont aujourd’hui menacés et/ou dégradés. L’influence et l’évolution actuelle de ces écosystèmes lentiques dans un paysage fortement anthropisé constituent un enjeu environnemental important tant au niveau de la ressource en eau que de la biodiversité. Ce qui les place au cœur des enjeux de préservation et de conservation. Nous avons opté pour une approche pluridisciplinaire intégrant l’écologie afin d’apporter des réponses à ces problématiques liés à ces biotopes aquatiques. Les facteurs physico-chimiques ne seront pas considérés dans ce travail de recherche. La première étape de ce travail est de recenser les mares à l’aide de documents cartographiques et d’une prospection de terrain ce qui permet de décrire leurs principales caractéristiques (géomorphologie, hydrologie et végétation). Ces inventaires seront exploités pour dresser une carte à l’échelle 1/25000e – au référentiel géographique : WGS_1984_UTM_20N de la répartition des mares à l’aide du logiciel QGIS version 3.10.5. Les premiers résultats obtenus par un recensement cartographique (carte 1/25000e) révèlent un chiffre approximatif d’environ 600 mares sur une surface de 1128 km2. La mare se distingue par sa superficie comprise entre 1 m2 et 5000 m2. La deuxième étape s’intéresse à la diversité végétale. Ces milieux abritent principalement des espèces exotiques envahissantes. L’inventaire floristique a permis de recenser huit espèces. Ces deux étapes permettront de connaître le fonctionnement des mares, d'en établir une typologie et de réaliser une carte de la répartition des mares. Ce n’est pas la perte d’utilité qui a entraîné la disparition de ces mares, mais plutôt la méconnaissance de leurs rôles dans notre environnement. Ce travail de recherche est nécessaire pour une gestion assez urgente de ce type de milieu humide par l’augmentation des menaces qui pèsent sur cet écosystème aquatique.

El proyecto MARES de Madrid, liderado por el Ayuntamiento de Madrid (2016-2019), representa una de las iniciativas de innovación social más importantes de la ciudad en los últimos años. MARES desarrolló estrategias de resiliencia urbana y económica en materia de empleo desde el enfoque de la economía social y solidaria en cinco clústeres clave (alimentación, movilidad, reciclaje, energía y economía de los cuidados) para avanzar hacia un nuevo modelo productivo de la ciudad. Analizamos el proyecto a través del estudio de caso de MARES-Alimentación, el clúster que alcanzó el mayor grado de madurez, mediante entrevistas en profundidad y encuestas presenciales. Nuestras conclusiones permiten reflexionar sobre el papel de las redes de colaboración en el ecosistema innovador creado, los diferentes perfiles y formas de proximidad entre actores, la importancia de la infraestructura urbana catalizadora de la innovación social y la compleja relación de este tipo iniciativas con las instituciones públicas. El projecte MARES de Madrid, liderat per l'Ajuntament de Madrid (2016-2019), representa una de les iniciatives d'innovació social més importants de la ciutat en els últims anys. MARES ha desenvolupat estratègies de resiliència urbana i econòmica en matèria d'ocupació des de l'enfocament de l'economia social i solidària en cinc clústers clau (alimentació, mobilitat, reciclatge, energia i economia de les cures) per avançar cap a un nou model productiu de la ciutat. Analitzem el projecte a través de l'estudi de cas de MARES-Alimentación, el clúster que va aconseguir el major grau de maduresa, mitjançant entrevistes en profunditat i enquestes presencials. Les nostres conclusions permeten reflexionar sobre el paper de les xarxes de col·laboració en l'ecosistema innovador creat, els diferents perfils i formes de proximitat entre actors, la importància de la infraestructura urbana catalitzadora de la innovació social i la complexa relació d'aquest tipus d'iniciatives amb les institucions públiques. The MARES project in Madrid, led by the Madrid City Council (2016-2019), is one of the most important social innovation initiatives undertaken in the city in recent years. To advance towards a new productive model for the city, MARES developed a set of strategies for urban and economic resilience strategies for employment based on the Social and Solidarity Economy approach, which are structured around five key clusters (food, mobility, recycling, energy, care economy). We analyze the project through a case study of MARES Alimentación-the cluster that achieved the highest degree of maturity-by means of indepth interviews and face-to-face surveys. Our conclusions allow us to reflect on the role of collaborative networks in the innovative ecosystem created, the different profiles and forms of proximity between actors, the importance of urban infrastructure as a catalyst for social innovation, and the complex relationship of this type of initiative with public institutions. À Madrid, le projet MARES, dirigé par la mairie de Madrid (2016-2019), représente l'une des initiatives d'innovation sociale les plus importantes de la ville ces dernières années. MARES a développé des stratégies de résilience urbaine et économique en termes d'emploi à partir de l'approche de l'économie sociale et solidaire dans cinq pôles clés (alimentation, mobilité, recyclage, énergie et économie des soins) pour s'orienter vers un nouveau modèle productif de la ville. Nous analysons le projet à travers l'étude de cas de MARES-Alimentation, le cluster qui a atteint le plus haut degré de maturité, grâce à des entretiens approfondis et des enquêtes en face à face. Nos conclusions nous permettent de réfléchir sur le rôle des réseaux de collaboration dans l'écosystème innovant qui a vu le jour, les différents profils et formes de proximité entre acteurs, l'importance des infrastructures urbaines en tant que catalyseur de l'innovation sociale et la relation complexe de ce type d'initiatives avec les institutions publiques.

Antibiotics are added to semen extenders in insemination doses but their effect on the vaginal microbiota of the inseminated female is unknown. The objectives of this study were to define the equine vaginal microbiota and its antimicrobial resistance, and to determine whether it changes after exposure to antibiotics in semen extenders. Vaginal swabs were taken prior to sham-insemination (day 0), and again on days 3, 7, and 14 after insemination. Isolated bacteria were identified by MALDI-TOF and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by microdilution. The bacteria isolated from the vagina differed according to reproductive status (brood mare or maiden mare), location (north or middle of Sweden), and the stage of the estrous cycle. Five bacterial species were frequently isolated from mares in both locations: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus capitis, Streptococcus equisimilis, Streptococcus thoraltensis, and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Overall, vaginal bacteria isolated from inseminated mares showed higher antibiotic resistance than from non-inseminated mares, suggesting a possible link between exposure to antibiotics in the semen extender and the appearance of antimicrobial resistance. The whole-genome sequencing of E. coli isolates from inseminated mares revealed some genes which are known to confer antimicrobial resistance; however, some instances of resistance in these isolates were not characteristic of induced AMR.

Les petits plans d'eau, en particulier ceux riches en matière organique, sont encore négligés en tant que sources naturelles majeures d'émission de carbone (C) dans l'atmosphère et contributeurs importants au bilan mondial de C. Les mares de tourbières riches en matières organiques sont une source nette de C atmosphérique dans les écosystèmes de tourbières, qui sont généralement un puits net de C. Ces mares émettent des gaz à effet de serre (GES) à des taux plus élevés, en particulier de méthane (CH4), par rapport à d'autres petits plans d'eau lentiques (petits lacs et étangs), ce qui peut être attribué à la connectivité hydraulique des bassins donc aux apports en C de la tourbe environnante et aux caractéristiques morphologiques des mares. Cependant, il existe très peu d'informations sur les schémas et les mécanismes de la dynamique du C dans les bassins de tourbières par rapport à leur couvert végétal ainsi qu'à d'autres petits environnements aquatiques. En particulier, la matière organique dissoute (MOD), un important intermédiaire et substrat de C, peut influencer la dynamique des émissions de GES, mais son rôle demeure méconnu à l'échelle intra- et inter-régionale. Dans cette étude, nous avons caractérisé et identifié les patrons intra- et interrégionaux et les mécanismes potentiels contrôlant la quantité et la qualité de la MOD et des concentrations de GES, ainsi que leurs liens en analysant une gamme de variables optiques et chimiques et en compilant les données géographiques (c'est-à-dire le climat, le couvert végétal et morphométrie des bassins) à partir de bassins de tourbières ombrotrophes dans cinq régions de l'est du Canada (Grande plée Bleue, sud du Québec et région de la Minganie, est du Québec) et du sud de la Patagonie chilienne (Punta Arenas, parc Karukinka et île Navarino). Nous avons également effectué un échantillonnage interannuel dans la Grande plée Bleue pour identifier les tendances temporelles des concentrations et de la composition des GES et de MOD. Nous avons trouvé une variabilité interrégionale élevée dans les patrons de MOD et de GES par rapport à la variabilité intrarégionale qui était cohérente avec l'hétérogénéité des propriétés géographiques, en particulier, le climat. Les patrons interrégionaux des concentrations de GES étaient de plus déterminés par la couverture végétale environnante, la morphométrie du bassin et la composition de la MOD de type protéique. D'autre part, bien que nous n'ayons pas observé de patrons temporels significatifs dans les concentrations de GES, de MOD et de la composition de type humique terrestre au cours de l’été dans la Grande plée Bleue, les patrons temporels de GES ont été influencés par la concentration de MOD, la composition de type humique terrestre, et la chimie interne de l'eau. Dans l'ensemble, nos résultats suggèrent que les patrons interrégionaux de la MOD et des GES, et les liens entre eux, sont principalement contrôlés par le climat (température et précipitations), la couverture végétale et la morphométrie des bassins, tandis que les patrons temporels de la MOD et des GES sont principalement régis par des facteurs à l'échelle locale tels que la morphométrie des bassins et la connectivité hydrologique., Small waterbodies, especially organic-rich, are still overlooked as a major natural source of carbon (C) emission to the atmosphere and an important contributor in the global C budget. Organic-rich peatland pools are generally net atmospheric C sources embedded in peatland ecosystems, which are generally net C sinks. They emit high areal rates of greenhouse gases (GHG), particularly methane (CH4), compared to other small lentic waterbodies (small lakes and ponds) which may be attributed to peat-pool hydraulic connectivity leading to C loading from the surrounding peat and morphological characteristics. But there is very little information on the patterns and drivers of C dynamics within peatland pools compared to their vegetated areas as well as other small aquatic environments. In particular, the role that dissolved organic matter (DOM), an important intermediate and C substrate, may play in GHG dynamics is poorly known at the intra- and inter-regional scales. In this study, we characterized and identified the intra- and inter regional patterns and drivers of DOM quantity and quality and GHG concentrations as well as their links. We did so by analyzing a range of optical and chemical variables and compiling geographic data (i.e., climate, vegetation cover and pool morphometry) from ombrotrophic peatland pools across five regions in eastern Canada (Grande plée Bleue, southern Québec and Minganie region, eastern Québec) and southern Chilean Patagonia (Punta Arenas, Karukinka Park and Navarino Island). We also conducted inter-annual sampling in Grande plée Bleue to identify the temporal patterns in GHG and DOM concentrations and composition. We found high inter-regional variability in DOM and GHG patterns compared to intra-regional variability which was coherent with the heterogeneity of geographical properties. Inter-regional patterns in GHG concentrations were driven by surrounding vegetation cover, pool morphometry and protein-like DOM composition. On the other hand, although we did not observe significant temporal patterns in GHG and DOM concentrations and terrestrial humic-like composition throughout the growing seasons in Grande plée Bleue, temporal patterns of GHG were influenced by the DOM concentration, terrestrial humic-like composition, and internal water chemistry. Overall, our results suggest that inter-regional patterns in DOM and GHG, and the links among them are predominantly controlled by the broad-scale patterns in climate (temperature and precipitation), vegetation cover, and pool morphometry, while temporal patterns in DOM and GHG are predominantly governed by local-scale drivers such as pool morphometry.

The objective of this study was to evaluate follicular growth and ovulatory rates in mares treated with an intravaginal progesterone device (P4) during the 10-day period, associated with the use of estradiol benzoate (EB). The results were compared during the transition period (ET) in the spring and the breeding season in the summer (ER). The variables were submitted to ANOVA (Tukey's test), considering P

A travers les concepts de territoire limnique et de limnorégions, la présente étude croise à plusieurs échelles un état des lieux quantitatif des types de plans d’eau et une identification qualitative de faits sociaux locaux et régionaux à travers le temps. Grâce aux outils et méthodes de la géographie limnologique, des dynamiques et trajectoires paysagères multiples sont mises en évidence sur le territoire choisi pour cette étude, recouvrant le tiers central de la France métropolitaine. Une cartographie inédite fait apparaître sur les deux derniers siècles des territoires connus et d’autres injustement méconnus et sur lesquels des savoir-faire et savoir-être limniques peuvent relever du patrimoine matériel ou immatériel. Through the concepts of limnic territory and limnoregions, this study cross references several scales a quantitative inventory of the types of water bodies and a qualitative identification of local and regional social facts over time. Thanks to the tools and methods of limnological geography, multiple landscape dynamics and trajectories are highlighted in the territory chosen for this study, covering the central third of mainland France. An unpublished cartography reveals over the last two centuries known territories and others unfairly ignored and on which limnic knowledge and interpersonal skills can be part of the tangible or intangible heritage.

This study aimed to investigate the dietary mineral and vitamin supplementation on the hematological, the circulating biochemical parameters, and the reproductive performance of cyclic mares aged 4–12 years old. Purebred Arabian (PAB, n = 8) and East-Bulgarian (EBB, n = 12) breeds were equally divided into treated and control groups. The nutritional supplement was given orally (50 g daily/animal/day) for seven consecutive days and repeated for 4 consecutive months. All mares were examined daily with ultrasound from exhibiting oestrus signs till ovulation. Blood samples were collected with and without anticoagulant before supplementation, on Day 7 and Day 120 for the measurement of ALT, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, calcium, phosphorus, and creatinine and to perform full blood picture. The nutritional supplement decreased lactate dehydrogenase (p

Mycobacterium cell wall fraction (MCWF) is a biological component made up of molecules with immunostimulant properties, which is therapeutically used to modulate persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE). The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of this immunomodulator on the endometrial histological structure during the diestrus of PBIE-resistant and -susceptible mares that either received treatment with MCWF or not. The experiment was conducted with 10 resistant mares (RM) and 9 susceptible mares (SM). In the first estrous cycle of the trial, all mares were inseminated with dead semen as an inflammatory stimulus (Group A); at the next cycle, all mares were inseminated with dead semen and treated with a MCWF commercial immunomodulator (Group B). In both groups, endometrial biopsies were taken on day 7 post-ovulation (diestrus). Endometrial biopsies of untreatedRM (UTRM, n ¼ 6), untreated-SM (UTSM, n ¼ 7) MCWF-treated-RM (TRM, n ¼ 6) and MCWF-treated-SM (TSM, n ¼ 6) were evaluated. They were randomly chosen as representative mares of Group A and B, respectively. The height of lining and glandular epithelia, glandular diameter, glandular density and glandular area were evaluated. The histological structure revealed lymphocytic infiltration and dilated, tortuous glands with some glandular nests, particularly in UTSM. The histomorphometrical results showed no differences (r > 0.05) between the analyzed groups. This would indicate that post-service treatment with the MCWF immunomodulator does not modify the endometrial histoarchitecture but, apparently, its action would be mainly based on the stimulation of the cellular and humoral immune responses. Fil: Herrera, Marcela Fernanda. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Otermin, Martina. Instituto Superior de Formación Docente N º10; Argentina Fil: Herrera, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Simoy, M. Verónica. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable; Argentina Fil: Bianchi, Carolina Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatología. Laboratorio de Endocrinología; Argentina Fil: Aguilar, J. Javier. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Fumuso, Elida Ana. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina

Una de les sensacions més habituals de moltes mares i pares que tenen fills o filles adolescents és que, quan els volen dir alguna cosa, no se'ls escolten: 'Fa com si no em sentís'; 'Sembla que senti ploure'; 'Ignora tot el que li dic', 'Quan li parlo, ni em mira', i un llarg etcètera d'expressions similars. No és d'ara. Hi ha textos atribuïts a alguns dels grans filòsofs clàssics, com Sòcrates, Plató i Aristòtil, que apunten en la mateixa direcció. L'adolescència és una etapa complexa de la vida, imprescindible i crucial, en què es produeixen moltes reconfiguracions neuronals dins el cervell. En un interval relativament breu de temps els adolescents deixen enrere els comportaments propis de la infantesa i adquireixen els necessaris per a la joventut i l'edat adulta, que aniran madurant a poc a poc. A escala neuronal, tot això implica que s'eliminen moltes de les connexions que mantenien els comportaments propis de la infantesa. Es tracta de la poda neuronal. I, simultàniament, se'n construeixen moltes de noves per anar adquirint i consolidant, per assaig i error, la manera de fer pròpia de la joventut i l'adultesa. Però, què hi ha de cert en el plany que els adolescents no escolten els progenitors? El catedràtic de psiquiatria Daniel A. Abrams i els seus col·laboradors, de la Universitat de Stanford, als EUA, han demostrat que durant l'adolescència els nois i les noies tenen literalment més dificultats per sentir la veu de la seva mare, en favor de la d'altres persones, especialment si són desconegudes. És a dir, els canvis biològics propis de l'adolescència impliquen no escoltar -o no escoltar gaire- què diu la mare.

The present study aimed to compare the endometrial cytological results obtained using the cytobrush and low volume lavage in Colombian Creole mares. In total, 90 mares with a clinical history of endometritis were used. The results of the cytological samples were compared under the variables of identification of the leukocyte reaction, type of leukocyte reaction, presentation of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells, presentation of bacteria, hyphae and cellular changes. A leukocyte reaction was found in 100% (90/90) of the cases with the cytobrush and in 93.9% (79/90) for the low volumen lavage (p=0.0031). The result of the presentation of polymorphonuclear cells was similar between the two techniques; however, the presence of mononuclear cells was more effective with the low-volume lavage technique. The finding of hyphae was 5.4% (6/90) with the cytobrush technique and 3.6 (4/90) with the low-volume lavage technique (p=0.515). There were no significant differences in the case of bacteria (p=0.2574). Cellular changes were found in 2.22% (4/90) of the samples with the cytobrush technique and none with the uterine lavage technique (p=0.0431)., El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar los resultados citológicos endometriales obtenidos mediante el citocepillo y el lavado de bajo volumen en yeguas criollas colombianas. Se trabajó con 90 yeguas con historia clínica de endometritis. Los resultados de las muestras citológicas fueron comparados bajo las variables de identificación de la reacción leucocitaria, tipo de reacción leucocitaria, presentación de células polimorfonucleares y mononucleares, presentación de bacterias, hifas y cambios celulares. Se encontró reacción leucocitaria en el 100% (90/90) de los casos con el citocepillo y de 93.9% (79/90) para el lavado de bajo volumen (p=0.0031). El resultado de la presentación de células polimorfonucleares fue similar entre las dos técnicas; sin embargo, la presencia de células mononucleares fue más efectiva con la técnica del lavado de bajo volumen. El hallazgo de hifas fue de 5.4% (6/90) con la técnica de citocepillo y de 3.6 (4/90) por medio de la técnica de lavado de bajo volumen (p=0.515). No hubo diferencias significativas para el caso de las bacterias (p=0.2574). Se encontraron cambios celulares en el 2.22% (4/90) de las muestras con la técnica del citocepillo y ninguna con la técnica de lavado uterino (p=0.0431).

RESUMEN El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar los resultados citológicos endometriales obtenidos mediante el citocepillo y el lavado de bajo volumen en yeguas criollas colombianas. Se trabajó con 90 yeguas con historia clínica de endometritis. Los resultados de las muestras citológicas fueron comparados bajo las variables de identificación de la reacción leucocitaria, tipo de reacción leucocitaria, presentación de células polimorfonucleares y mononucleares, presentación de bacterias, hifas y cambios celulares. Se encontró reacción leucocitaria en el 100% (90/90) de los casos con el citocepillo y de 93.9% (79/90) para el lavado de bajo volumen (p=0.0031). El resultado de la presentación de células polimorfonucleares fue similar entre las dos técnicas; sin embargo, la presencia de células mononucleares fue más efectiva con la técnica del lavado de bajo volumen. El hallazgo de hifas fue de 5.4% (6/90) con la técnica de citocepillo y de 3.6 (4/90) por medio de la técnica de lavado de bajo volumen (p=0.515). No hubo diferencias significativas para el caso de las bacterias (p=0.2574). Se encontraron cambios celulares en el 2.22% (4/90) de las muestras con la técnica del citocepillo y ninguna con la técnica de lavado uterino (p=0.0431). ABSTRACT The present study aimed to compare the endometrial cytological results obtained using the cytobrush and low volume lavage in Colombian Creole mares. In total, 90 mares with a clinical history of endometritis were used. The results of the cytological samples were compared under the variables of identification of the leukocyte reaction, type of leukocyte reaction, presentation of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells, presentation of bacteria, hyphae and cellular changes. A leukocyte reaction was found in 100% (90/90) of the cases with the cytobrush and in 93.9% (79/90) for the low volume lavage (p=0.0031). The result of the presentation of polymorphonuclear cells was similar between the two techniques; however, the presence of mononuclear cells was more effective with the low-volume lavage technique. The finding of hyphae was 5.4% (6/90) with the cytobrush technique and 3.6 (4/90) with the low-volume lavage technique (p=0.515). There were no significant differences in the case of bacteria (p=0.2574). Cellular changes were found in 2.22% (4/90) of the samples with the cytobrush technique and none with the uterine lavage technique (p=0.0431).

Several studies have demonstrated that in woman the sex hormones such as estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) influence iron (Fe) regulation, contributing to variations in Fe parameters along the menstrual cycle. These mechanisms based on the regulation of hepcidin (Hepc) which limits Fe availability during the cycle, remain poorly characterized in healthy mares. The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between Hepc, Fe, ferritin (Ferr), and the primary ovarian hormones E2 and P4 in cycling Purebred Spanish mares. Blood samples were taken from 31 Purebred Spanish mares day −5, on day 0, day +5 and day +16 of the cycle. Fe and Ferr significantly increased and Hepc decreased during pre- and ovulatory periods. The secretion peak of estradiol-17β (E2) was reached on day 0 and progesterone (P4) between days +5 and +16. Fe and Ferr were positively correlated (r = 0.57). Fe and Ferr were negatively correlated with Hepc (r = −0.72 and r = −0.02, respectively). E2 and P4 were negatively and positively correlated with Hepc (r = −0.753 and r = 0.54, respectively). In cycling Purebred Spanish mares there is a measurable relationship between steroid hormones and systemic Fe metabolism. Estrogenic dominance in the pre- and ovulatory period allows for a more effective iron status, mediated by hepcidin inhibition. However, P4 during the luteal phase substantially reduces serum Fe and iron stores, possibly related to Hepc stimulation. Future research is required to clarify the relationship between steroid hormones and iron metabolism at the molecular level in equids.

The loss of genetic variability in livestock populations bred under strict selection processes is a growing concern, as it may lead to increased inbreeding values and lower fertility, as a consequence of the “inbreeding depression” effect. This is particularly important in horses, where inbreeding levels tend to rise as individuals become more and more closely related. In this study, we evaluated the effect of increased inbreeding levels on mare fertility by combining an SNP-based genomic approach using runs of homozygosity and the estimation of genetic breeding values for reproductive traits in a large population of Pura Raza Española mares. Our results showed a negative correlation between whole-genome homozygosity and fertility estimated breeding values (EBVs) at the genome level (ρ = −0.144). However, the analysis at chromosome level revealed a wide variability, with some chromosomes showing higher correlations than others. Interestingly, the correlation was stronger (−0.241) when we repeated the analysis in a reduced dataset including the 10% most and least fertile individuals, where the latter showed an increase in average inbreeding values (FROH) of around 30%. We also found 41 genomic regions (ROHi, runs of homozygosity islands) where homozygosity increased 100-fold, 13 of which were significantly associated with fertility after cross-validation. These regions encompassed 17 candidate genes previously related to oocyte and embryo development in several species. Overall, we demonstrated the relationship between increased homozygosis at the genomic level and fertility in mares. Our findings may help to deal with the occurrence of inbreeding depression, as well as further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying fertility in mares.

Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a promising biomarker and play a vital role in cell–cell communication. This study aimed (I) to identify and characterize EVs from low volume uterine lavage (LVL) and serum in mares with endometritis, compared to healthy controls and (II) to measure serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), and prostaglandins (PGF2α and PGE2). Mares were divided into 30 sub-fertile (endometritis) and 20 fertile (controls). Serum and LVL was collected for EV isolation, and determination of serum levels of inflammatory mediators. Characterization and visualization of EVs were done by electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and flow cytometry. Results Serial ultracentrifugation of LVL and use of a commercial kit for serum were strategies for EVs isolation. Mares with endometritis released higher amounts of larger size EVs. The EVs from mares with endometritis differentially expressed CD9 and CD63, compared to controls. Mares suffering from endometritis evoked higher levels of inflammatory mediators. Conclusions Thus, EVs could be used for a better understanding the regulatory mechanisms associated with developing endometritis in mares.

Equine oocyte cryopreservation is an assisted reproductive technology that allows to preserve female genetic material from valuable mares. The main objective of this thesis was to optimize the evaluation and vitrification of equine oocyte. In chapter 1, two concentrations of the fluorochrome Hoechst 33342 (HO) were compared to assess the nuclear chromatin stage of the oocyte after vitrification using nonpermeable and permeable cryoprotectant agents (CPAs). A higher percentage of oocytes showing upper visibility grade was found when using a lower concentration of fluorescent labels. The assessment of a vitrification solution free of permeable CPAs was performed for the first time in equine oocytes. Unfortunately, no cryoprotectant-free-vitrified oocytes reached metaphase II after warming, therefore cryoprotectant-free vitrification cannot be considered an alternative to conventional equine oocyte vitrification. Chapter 2 was designed to evaluate the DNA fragmentation of equine granulosa cells (GCs) as a biomarker to evaluate the developmental competence of the equine oocyte after cryopreservation. The use of cryopreservation protocols combining different storage temperatures (-80ºC/-196ºC) and CPAs (ethylene glycol or dimethyl sulfoxide), adequately preserved the DNA of equine GCs. The chromatin dispersion test was found as a reliable method to assess DNA fragmentation in equine GCs. The percentage of GCs-DNA fragmentation was higher in GCs from oocytes able to mature. In chapter 3, the effect of permeable cryoprotectant-free vitrification was evaluated on DNA fragmentation of equine cumulus cells. Low and total fragmentation rates of vitrified equine cumulus cells were higher when compared to control group. The use of sucrose as CPA increase the total DNA fragmentation rates of equine cumulus cells but protected them against high DNA fragmentation rates during equine oocyte vitrification. In conclusion, according to the results obtained in this Doctoral Thesis; a low concentration of Hoechst 33342 is recommended to assess the nuclear chromatin stage of equine oocytes; DNA fragmentation analysis of equine granulosa cells can be a valuable test to identify equine oocytes showing the best meiotic competence after in vitro maturation; and cryoprotectant-free vitrification cannot be considered an alternative to conventional vitrification solution for equine oocytes. La criopreservación de ovocitos equinos es una técnica de Reproducción Asistida que permite preservar el material genérico de yeguas valiosas. El objetivo de la presente tesis fue optimizar las técnicas de evaluación y vitrificación de ovocitos equinos. En el capítulo 1, se compararon dos concentraciones del fluorocromo Hoechst 33342 (HO) para evaluar el estado de la cromatina nuclear del ovocito tras la vitrificación usando agentes crioprotectores (CPAs) permeables y no permeables. Empleando menores concentraciones de sustancias fluorescentes, se obtuvo un mayor porcentaje de ovocitos mostrando mayor grado de visibilidad. Medios de vitrificación sin CPAs permeables se han empleado por primera vez en ovocitos equinos. Desafortunadamente, ningún ovocito consiguió alcanzar el estado de metafase II tras el calentamiento en ausencia de crioprotectores permeables, por lo que la vitrificación sin CPAs permeables no puede ser considerada una alternativa a la vitrificación convencional de ovocitos. El capítulo 2 fue diseñado para evaluar la fragmentación del ADN de las células de la granulosa (GCs) como biomarcador para el desarrollo de competencia de los ovocitos de équidos tras la crioconservación. El uso de cualquier protocolo de crioconservación combinando diferentes temperaturas (-80ºC/-196ºC) y CPAs (etilenglicol y dimetilsulfóxido) preservó adecuadamente el ADN de las GCs de équidos. El test de la dispersión de la cromatina resultó en una técnica válida para evaluar el ADN de las GCs de ovocitos equinos. Los ovocitos que consiguieron madurar mostraron mayor fragmentación del ADN de las GCs. En el capítulo 3, se evaluó el efecto de la vitrificación en ausencia de CPAs permeables sobre la fragmentación del ADN de las células del cúmulo de ovocitos equinos. La tasa de fragmentación baja y total de las células del cúmulo del ovocito equino fue mayor cuando se comparó con el grupo control. El uso de medios de vitrificación compuestos por sacarosa como único CPA, aumenta la tasa de fragmentación total del ADN de las células del cúmulo, pero las protege frente a la alta tasa de fragmentación del ADN durante la vitrificación de ovocitos equinos. En conclusión, de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos en esta Tesis Doctoral; una concentración baja de fluorocromo Hoechst 33342 es recomendada para evaluar el estado nuclear de la cromatina de ovocitos equinos; el análisis de la fragmentación del ADN de las células de la granulosa de équidos puede ser un método valioso para identificar ovocitos equinos mostrando la mejor competencia meiótica tras ser madurados in vitro; la vitrificación sin agentes crioprotectores permeables no puede ser considerada una alternativa a la vitrificación convencional.

A study of the duration of oestrus and estrous cycles in mares from Haflinger breed (HB) and the influence of some factors was conducted. The records used for this study were from the breeding registers of the mares from the State Stud farm Kabiuk near Shumen, covering a period of 11 years (2009 to 2020). In the study were included 15 mares with 110 estruses and 22 estrous cycles. With the mares from Haflinger breed, the average duration of oestrus is 5.52 ± 0.26 days and the length of the estrous cycle is 24.21 ± 1.13 days. The year (P, Проведено е проучване за продължителността на еструса и половия цикъл при кобили от породата Хафлингер (ХП) и влиянието на някои фактори върху тях. Записите, използвани за това проучване, са от случните регистри на кобилите от ДП “Кабиюк“ край Шумен, обхващащи период от 11 години (2009 до 2020 г.). В изследването са включени 15 кобили със 110 еструса и 22 полови цикъла. При кобилите от породата Хафлингер средната продължителност на еструса е 5.52 ± 0.26 дни, а продължителността на половия цикъл – 24.21 ± 1.13 дни. Надеждно влияние върху продължителността на еструса има годината (P

International audience; Background Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) and Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone agonists (GnRHa) are routinely used to induce ovulation in mares. However, GnRHa efficacy in transitional mares has been suggested to be low.Objectives The aims of this study were as follows: (a) to compare the efficacy of hCG and GnRHa in inducing the first ovulation of the breeding season and (b) to evaluate the correlation between ovulatory response, uterine oedema and teasing score at the time of treatment during the early or late transitional phase.Study design Randomised controlled superiority trial.Methods Mares in winter anoestrus were treated with sulpiride when at least two follicles reached a diameter of 25 mm. The day after the follicle reached 35 mm in diameter, mares in oestrus were treated with GnRHa buserelin (N = 29) or hCG (N = 33) and checked daily for ovulation.Results More mares (30/33, 90.1%) ovulated when the first ovulation after winter anoestrus was induced with hCG, than with GnRHa, (11/29, 38.0%) (P = .0001). Ovulation rate was lower in mares that did not show uterine oedema and full acceptance of the teaser stallion for at least three days before the treatment (32/41, 78% vs 9/21, 42.9%) P = .01.Main limitations Plasma LH and oestrogen concentrations were not performed.Conclusions These results demonstrate that hCG was more effective than GnRHa for inducing ovulation in the first cycle after winter anoestrus. Uterine oedema and behavioural signs of oestrus, for at least three days before the treatment, were predictors for a positive response to ovulation induction.

Equine oocyte cryopreservation is an assisted reproductive technology that allows to preserve female genetic material from valuable mares. The main objective of this thesis was to optimize the evaluation and vitrification of equine oocyte. In chapter 1, two concentrations of the fluorochrome Hoechst 33342 (HO) were compared to assess the nuclear chromatin stage of the oocyte after vitrification using nonpermeable and permeable cryoprotectant agents (CPAs). A higher percentage of oocytes showing upper visibility grade was found when using a lower concentration of fluorescent labels. The assessment of a vitrification solution free of permeable CPAs was performed for the first time in equine oocytes. Unfortunately, no cryoprotectant-free-vitrified oocytes reached metaphase II after warming, therefore cryoprotectant-free vitrification cannot be considered an alternative to conventional equine oocyte vitrification. Chapter 2 was designed to evaluate the DNA fragmentation of equine granulosa cells (GCs) as a biomarker to evaluate the developmental competence of the equine oocyte after cryopreservation. The use of cryopreservation protocols combining different storage temperatures (-80ºC/-196ºC) and CPAs (ethylene glycol or dimethyl sulfoxide), adequately preserved the DNA of equine GCs. The chromatin dispersion test was found as a reliable method to assess DNA fragmentation in equine GCs. The percentage of GCs-DNA fragmentation was higher in GCs from oocytes able to mature. In chapter 3, the effect of permeable cryoprotectant-free vitrification was evaluated on DNA fragmentation of equine cumulus cells. Low and total fragmentation rates of vitrified equine cumulus cells were higher when compared to control group. The use of sucrose as CPA increase the total DNA fragmentation rates of equine cumulus cells but protected them against high DNA fragmentation rates during equine oocyte vitrification. In conclusion, according to the results obtained in this Doctoral Thesis; a low concentration of Hoechst 33342 is recommended to assess the nuclear chromatin stage of equine oocytes; DNA fragmentation analysis of equine granulosa cells can be a valuable test to identify equine oocytes showing the best meiotic competence after in vitro maturation; and cryoprotectant-free vitrification cannot be considered an alternative to conventional vitrification solution for equine oocytes. La criopreservación de ovocitos equinos es una técnica de Reproducción Asistida que permite preservar el material genérico de yeguas valiosas. El objetivo de la presente tesis fue optimizar las técnicas de evaluación y vitrificación de ovocitos equinos. En el capítulo 1, se compararon dos concentraciones del fluorocromo Hoechst 33342 (HO) para evaluar el estado de la cromatina nuclear del ovocito tras la vitrificación usando agentes crioprotectores (CPAs) permeables y no permeables. Empleando menores concentraciones de sustancias fluorescentes, se obtuvo un mayor porcentaje de ovocitos mostrando mayor grado de visibilidad. Medios de vitrificación sin CPAs permeables se han empleado por primera vez en ovocitos equinos. Desafortunadamente, ningún ovocito consiguió alcanzar el estado de metafase II tras el calentamiento en ausencia de crioprotectores permeables, por lo que la vitrificación sin CPAs permeables no puede ser considerada una alternativa a la vitrificación convencional de ovocitos. El capítulo 2 fue diseñado para evaluar la fragmentación del ADN de las células de la granulosa (GCs) como biomarcador para el desarrollo de competencia de los ovocitos de équidos tras la crioconservación. El uso de cualquier protocolo de crioconservación combinando diferentes temperaturas (-80ºC/-196ºC) y CPAs (etilenglicol y dimetilsulfóxido) preservó adecuadamente el ADN de las GCs de équidos. El test de la dispersión de la cromatina resultó en una técnica válida para evaluar el ADN de las GCs de ovocitos equinos. Los ovocitos que consiguieron madurar mostraron mayor fragmentación del ADN de las GCs. En el capítulo 3, se evaluó el efecto de la vitrificación en ausencia de CPAs permeables sobre la fragmentación del ADN de las células del cúmulo de ovocitos equinos. La tasa de fragmentación baja y total de las células del cúmulo del ovocito equino fue mayor cuando se comparó con el grupo control. El uso de medios de vitrificación compuestos por sacarosa como único CPA, aumenta la tasa de fragmentación total del ADN de las células del cúmulo, pero las protege frente a la alta tasa de fragmentación del ADN durante la vitrificación de ovocitos equinos. En conclusión, de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos en esta Tesis Doctoral; una concentración baja de fluorocromo Hoechst 33342 es recomendada para evaluar el estado nuclear de la cromatina de ovocitos equinos; el análisis de la fragmentación del ADN de las células de la granulosa de équidos puede ser un método valioso para identificar ovocitos equinos mostrando la mejor competencia meiótica tras ser madurados in vitro; la vitrificación sin agentes crioprotectores permeables no puede ser considerada una alternativa a la vitrificación convencional.

Este estudio, centrado en la denominada economía azul, analiza aquellos sectores de la Comunitat Valenciana ligados al litoral, como el turismo costero, los recursos vivos y no vivos, los puertos, la construcción y reparación naval y el transporte marítimo. También sectores emergentes como la energía eólica ‘offshore’ y la oceánica, la biotecnología, la extracción de minerales marinos y la desalación. Mediante un trabajo colectivo, se pretende identificar los procesos de innovación económica y social en el territorio valenciano, y en este sentido, recoge un análisis de los sectores más dinámicos de dicha economía, así como el análisis espacial de estos, de manera que se identifican los procesos de especialización y las debilidades y fortalezas de cada uno de ellos en las comarcas del Baix Maestrat, la Plana de Castelló, el Camp de Morvedre, el área metropolitana de Valencia, la Ribera Baixa, la Safor, las Marinas, la aglomeración urbana de Alicante y el Bajo Segura. This study, which focuses on the so-called blue economy, analyses those sectors in the Valencia Region linked to the coast, such as coastal tourism, living and non-living resources, ports, shipbuilding and ship repair and maritime transport. Also emerging sectors such as offshore and oceanic wind energy, biotechnology, marine mineral extraction and desalination. Through a collective work, the aim is to identify the processes of economic and social innovation in the Valencian territory, and in this sense, it includes an analysis of the most dynamic sectors of this economy, as well as the spatial analysis of these, In this way, it identifies the specialisation processes and the weaknesses and strengths of each of them in the regions of Baix Maestrat, Plana de Castelló, Camp de Morvedre, the metropolitan area of Valencia, Ribera Baixa, Safor, Marinas, the urban agglomeration of Alicante and Bajo Segura.

Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus), is a β-hemolytic Streptococcus belonging to the Lancefield group C; it is a rare human pathogen, but in horses, it is frequently associated with endometritis. This study aimed to isolate S. zooepidemicus strains, associated with bacterial endometritis in mares, and to define their antimicrobial resistance profile. Twenty-three isolates were recovered from one hundred ninety-six equine uterine swabs (11.7%). Bacterial identification was carried out by Api 20 Strep and confirmed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), while antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar plates. The antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates revealed a high percentage of resistance to amikacin (95.6%), ampicillin (73.9%) and tetracycline (69.6%), while ceftiofur and ceftriaxone were highly effective with 82.6% and 78.3% of the isolates inhibited, respectively. An intriguing value of resistance to penicillin (34.8%), which represents the first-choice antibiotic in equine S. zooepidemicus infections, was observed. Furthermore, a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains (82.6%) was recorded. Continuous surveillance of this potential zoonotic pathogen and an appropriate antimicrobial stewardship program with the promotion of correct use of antimicrobials, after a proper diagnosis, are needed to allow an effective therapy.

After breeding or artificial insemination, especially with frozen/thawed semen, mares often develop a persistent uterine inflammation, which is diagnosed by intra-uterine fluid accumulation. Here, we explored whether intra-uterine fluid accumulation affects corpus luteum function and tested the hypothesis that intra-uterine fluid accumulation after artificial insemination alters blood flow in the corpus luteum and plasma progesterone concentrations. A total of 40 Standardbred mares were artificially inseminated with frozen-thawed semen 30 to 36 h after induction of ovulation, and cases with or without intra-uterine fluid accumulation were detected by ultrasound 12 h after insemination. Luteal blood flow was measured by Power Doppler ultrasonography 3 and 6 days after ovulation, progesterone concentration was measured in peripheral plasma by ELISA 6 days after ovulation, and pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography 14 days after ovulation. Luteal blood flow increased between 3 and 6 days after ovulation, but blood flow did not differ significantly between cases with (n = 28) and without (n = 25) intra-uterine fluid accumulation after insemination. Surprisingly, progesterone concentrations were higher in cases of intra-uterine fluid accumulation than cases without (9.3 ± 1.1 vs. 6.6 ± 0.5 ng/mL, p = 0.048). Pregnancy was less likely in cases with intra-uterine fluid accumulation than in cases without (10/28 vs. 17/25, p = 0.019), and there was a negative correlation between the severity of intra-uterine fluid accumulation and per cycle pregnancy rate. These data suggest that although intra-uterine fluid accumulation increases the secretion of progesterone, pregnancy is more dependent on uterine health than ovarian function.

A sufficient vascular network within the feto-maternal interface is necessary for placental function. Several pregnancy abnormalities have been associated with abnormal vascular formations in the placenta. We hypothesized that growth and expansion of the placental vascular network in the equine (Equus caballus) placenta is regulated by estrogens (estrogen family hormones), a hormone with a high circulating concentration during equine gestation. Administration of letrozole, a potent and specific inhibitor of aromatase, during the first trimester (D30 to D118), decreased circulatory estrone sulfate concentrations, increased circulatory testosterone and androstenedione concentrations, and tended to reduce the weight of the fetus (p &lt, 0.1). Moreover, the gene expression of CYP17A1 was increased, and the expression of androgen receptor was decreased in the D120 chorioallantois (CA) of letrozole-treated mares in comparison to that of the control mares. We also found that at D120, the number of vessels tended to decrease in the CAs with letrozole treatment (p = 0.07). In addition, expression of a subset of angiogenic genes, such as ANGPT1, VEGF, and NOS2, were altered in the CAs of letrozole-treated mares. We further demonstrated that 17β-estradiol increases the expression of ANGPT1 and VEGF and increases the angiogenic activity of equine endothelial cells in vitro. Our results from the estrogen-suppressed group demonstrated an impaired placental vascular network, suggesting an estrogen-dependent vasculogenesis in the equine CA during the first trimester.

In Santos Beach, southwest coast of Brazil, cleaning operations are intensified during the summer using manual and mechanical techniques, driven mainly by sanitary and aesthetic aspects that neglect basic ecological standards. This study evaluated the abundance, richness, and diversity of dead shells, after spring and neap tides, found in two strips of sandy beaches: the "damp" and the "wet "sectors, where only the former undergoes mechanical cleaning. We collected and counted all fragmented and whole shells, identified each down to the species levels, and measured their weight. We used mixed statistical modeling to evaluate the effect of the sector over the abundance (in weight and number), richness, and Shannon-Wiener diversity (). We found a significantly greater abundance of fragmented shells in the damp sector. Since this is the sector where mechanical cleaning is applied, we understand such a strategy promotes potential harmful impacts over the conchological structure in Santos Beach, requiring mitigatory measures to protect empty shells. Finally, we fathom incorrectly discarded litter is brought from the surrounding mangrove to the beach after the spring tides; thus, integrated cleaning management with the participation of the local population, are also required to reduce the mechanical cleaning and its impacts. En Playa de Santos, en la costa suroeste de Brasil, las operaciones de limpieza se intensifican durante el verano a través de técnicas manuales y mecánicas, orientadas principalmente por aspectos sanitarios y estéticos que descuidan los estándares ecológicos básicos. Este estudio evaluó la abundancia, riqueza y diversidad de conchas muertas, como mareas vivas y mareas en cuadratura, encontradas en dos franjas de arena de la playa arenosa: el sector "húmedo" y el "húmedo", por donde solo pasa la primera. limpieza mecanica. Recolectamos y contamos todas las conchas rotas y enteras, identificamos cada una hasta el nivel de la especie y medimos su peso. Utilizamos modelos estadísticos mixtos para evaluar el efecto del sector sobre la abundancia (en peso y número), riqueza y diversidad de Shannon-Wiener (H '). En el sector húmedo se encontró una importante enfermedad crónica de las conchas fragmentadas. Por tratarse del sector de aplicación de la limpieza mecánica, entendemos que esta estrategia promueve impactos deletéreos en la estructura del caparazón de Praia de Santos, requiriendo medidas de mitigación para proteger los caparazones. Finalmente, calculamos que la basura desechada incorrectamente se trae del manglar relacionado a la playa después de las mareas de primavera; por ello, la gestión integral de la limpieza con la participación de la población local también es fundamental para reducir la limpieza mecánica y sus impactos. Na Praia de Santos, litoral sudoeste do Brasil, as operações de limpeza são intensificadas durante o verão por meio de técnicas manuais e mecânicas, orientadas principalmente por aspectos sanitários e estéticos que negligenciam os padrões ecológicos básicos. Este estudo avaliou a abundância, riqueza e diversidade de conchas mortas, após as marés de sizígia e marés de quadratura, encontradas em duas faixas de areia da praia arenosa: o setor "úmido" e o "molhado", onde apenas a primeira passa por limpeza mecânica. Coletamos e contamos todas as conchas fragmentadas e inteiras, identificamos cada uma até o nível de espécie e medimos o seu peso. Usamos modelagem estatística mista para avaliar o efeito do setor sobre a abundância (em peso e número), riqueza e diversidade de Shannon-Wiener (H'). Encontramos uma abundância significativamente maior de conchas fragmentadas no setor úmido. Por se tratar do setor de aplicação da limpeza mecânica, entendemos que tal estratégia promove potenciais impactos deletérios sobre a estrutura conquiliológica da Praia de Santos, exigindo medidas mitigadoras para proteção de conchas. Finalmente, calculamos que o lixo descartado incorretamente é trazido do mangue circundante, para a praia, após as marés de sizígia; assim, a gestão integrada da limpeza com a participação da população local, também são essenciais para reduzir a limpeza mecânica e seus impactos.

A presente Dissertação de Mestrado visa a produção de uma ferramenta informática, em Matlab, para análise e previsão de marés e correntes de maré, a qual foi designada SeaTideWave. Pretende-se a partir de três métodos matemáticos - séries de Fourier e duas variantes de mínimos quadrados - Boon e Kiley (1978) e Boon (2004) – calcular os coeficientes de Fourier que ajustem o polinómio trigonométrico às observações e obter as constantes harmónicas, as quais serão alvo de uma avaliação de qualidade. Procura-se encontrar uma metodologia para detetar e avaliar a ocorrência de eventos de maré meteorológica, como storm surges. Foi criado um sistema de programas que envolvem: a análise harmónica e previsão com recurso àqueles métodos, a partir de registos temporais entre 29 a 369 dias; controlo de qualidade das constantes harmónicas conseguidas, de vários portos ou locais, envolvendo o tratamento estatístico dos resíduos temporais entre as observações e as correspondentes previsões, complementado por análise espectral; e deteção e avaliação de marés meteorológicas, a partir de processos de filtragem e espectros cruzados, de registos de Newport, EUA, que incluem registos de pressão atmosférica e ventos. Os resultados obtidos revelam a boa qualidade dos modelos preditivos para as alturas de maré, em portos costeiros onde os efeitos da propagação em pequenas profundidades não sejam significativos, e razoável qualidade no caso de correntes. A partir da metodologia inerente à deteção e avaliação de storm surges constata-se o efeito de «barómetro invertido», entre os episódios de maré meteorológica e da pressão atmosférica, bem como a consistência da teoria de Ekman para explicar esses episódios. Destaca-se vários aspetos inovadores, associados à ferramenta SeaTideWave, nomeadamente a implementação da análise por mínimos quadrados e a capacidade de previsão de correntes de maré, demonstrada pela «tabela de correntes» para 2022 e também na forma de «elementos de correntes de maré», para um local próximo da Trafaria, no estuário do Tejo This Master’s Thesis aims to produce a computer tool, in Matlab, for the analysis and prediction of tides and tidal currents, which was named SeaTideWave. From three mathematical methods - Fourier series and two least-squares variants - Boon and Kiley (1978) and Boon (2004) - calculates the Fourier coefficients, that adjusts the trigonometric polynomial to the observations and obtains the harmonic constants, which will be subject to a quality assessment. It seeks to find a methodology to detect and assess the occurrence of meteorological tidal events, such as storm surges. A system of programs was created that involves: harmonic analysis and prediction using those methods, based on time series between 29 and 369 days; quality control of the harmonic constants achieved, from various ports or locations, involving the statistical treatment of residues, between the observations and the corresponding predictions, complemented by residues spectral analysis; and detection and evaluation of meteorological tides, using filtering processes and cross spectra, using Newport, USA, atmospheric pressure and wind data. The obtained results reveal the quality of the predictive models for the tide height in coastal ports where the propagation effects in shallow waters are not significant and reasonable for the currents. Based on the methodology inherent to the detection and evaluation of storm surges, the «inverted barometer effect» can be seen between the meteorological tide and atmospheric pressure episodes, as well as the consistency of Ekman’s theory to explain these episodes. There are several innovative aspects associated with the SeaTideWave tool, namely the implementation of the least-squares analysis and the ability to predict tidal currents, demonstrated by the «tidal current table» for 2022 and also in the form of «tidal current elements», for a place close to Trafaria, in the Tagus estuary.

The aim of the present study was to describe the dynamics of glucose and insulin curves in pregnant mares, and to evaluate the curves according to body condition score, identifying the presence of insulin resistance and correlating these values with the weight, height and clinical changes of the neonates. For this, pregnant mares were evaluated and then grouped according to body condition score during the gestation length until lactation. GrM corresponds to mares with moderate body score (BCS 5-6); GrOv were mares with overweight body score (BCS 7) and GrOb were obese mares (BCS 8-9). A two-step oral sugar test (OST) was used to determine the data. Cortisol analysis was performed with 300-320 days of gestation, at foaling and after parturition. For evaluation of the neonate, a general clinical examination and, weight and height measurements were performed. The results showed hyperglycemia in response to OST with normal insulin values at foaling with a subsequent fall in both values at lactation disregarding group division. Baseline glucose was decreased in GrM compared to GrOv and GrOb with 70-100 days of gestation and with 130-160 days of gestation. With 270-300 days of gestation and post-partum GrOb had increased baseline glucose than GrM. After OST, glucose at foaling day in GrOb presented increased values than GrM. Baseline insulin values did not differ between groups. Post OST insulin levels were higher in GrOb than GrM and GrOv at parturition. No difference in cortisol between moments was identified. GrOb and GrOv maintained increased concentrations after foaling while GrM had a decrease. No correlation was found between maternal glucose and insulin values with foal weight and height, however, a lower ratio between neonatal weight and mare’s weight in GrOb and GrOv was identified in relation to the GrM. At foaling, mares presented glucose dysregulation, with obese and overweight mares presenting a greater response to OST. RESUMO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a dinâmica das curvas de glicose e insulina em éguas gestantes e avaliar as curvas de acordo com o escore de condição corporal, identificando a presença de resistência insulínica e correlacionando esses valores com o peso, altura e alterações clínicas dos neonatos. Para isso, as éguas prenhes foram avaliadas em conjunto e agrupadas de acordo com o escore de condição corporal durante a gestação até o pós-parto. GrM pertenciam éguas com escore corporal moderado (EC 5-6); GrOv, grupo de éguas com escore corporal acima do peso (EC 7) e GrOb, grupo de éguas obesas (EC 8-9). O teste de glicose oral em duas etapas (OST) foi usado para determinar os dados. A análise do cortisol também foi realizada nos 300-320 dias de gestação, no dia do parto e após o parto. Para avaliação do neonato, foram realizados exame clínico geral e medidas de peso e altura. Os resultados mostraram hiperglicemia em resposta ao OST com valores normais de insulina no momento parto, com uma queda subsequente em ambas as variáveis na lactação, desconsiderando a divisão do grupo. A glicemia basal diminuiu no GrM em comparação com GrOv e GrOb com 70-100 dias de gestação e com 130-160 dias de gestação. Com 270-300 dias de gestação e no pós-parto, o GrOb apresentou aumento na glicemia basal em relação ao GrM. Após OST, a glicose no dia do parto no GrOb apresentou valores aumentados em relação ao GrM. Os valores basais de insulina não diferiram entre os grupos. Após OST níveis de insulina foram maiores no GrOb do que GrM e GrOv no momento do parto. Não houve diferença nos valores de cortisol entre os momentos. O GrOb e GrOv mantiveram cortisol aumentado após o parto enquanto o GrM diminuiu. Não foi encontrada correlação entre os valores de glicemia e insulina materna com o peso e a altura do potro, entretanto, foi identificada uma relação menor entre o peso neonatal e o peso da égua no GrOb e GrOv em relação ao GrM. No parto, as éguas apresentaram desregulação da glicose, sendo que as éguas obesas e com sobrepeso apresentaram uma resposta maior ao OST.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:38:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-07-01 Brazilian Association of Criollo Horse Breeders (ABCCC) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) FAPERGS Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Placental tissues from humans, rodents, and farm animal contain leptin and its receptor. Expression of leptin has already been described in horses, although there is no description about immunolocalization of leptin and its receptor. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence and distribution of leptin and ObR-b in the equine placenta at term by immunofluorescence staining, and the changes on plasma leptin concentrations during late gestation. The present study involved eight Criollo-type mares carrying healthy pregnancies. Blood samples were collected during the third trimester of gestation, at foaling, and at 24 hours after foaling. Leptin concentrations were analyzed via radioimmunoassay. Plasma leptin concentrations did not change from the 8th to the 10th month of gestation and displayed a discrete decrease 24 hours after parturition (P=.07). The expression of leptin and ObR-b was observed in the cytoplasm of pseudostratified epithelial cells in the areolar region and in the epithelium of micro-cotyledons. Also, leptin receptor was allocated in the apical surface of the cells. The presence of leptin and its receptor (ObR-b) in the placenta of mares at term supports an endocrine and autocrine/paracrine action of leptin within this organ. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc. Univ Fed Pelotas, Fac Vet, Dept Clin Vet, Campus Capao do Leao, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Rio Grande, Dept Reprod Anim Comparada, Inst Ciencias Biol, Campus Univ, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Pelotas, Fac Vet, Dept Patol Anim, Campus Capao do Leao, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Reprod Anim & Radiol Vet, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Reprod Anim & Radiol Vet, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

This study aimed to investigate the dynamic change of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, leptin, mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), lipids and lipoproteins in mares during late pregnancy and the postpartum period. A total of 20 mares (10 pregnant mares, monitored from 14 ± 2 days before expected foaling until 14 days after foaling, Group A, 10 non-pregnant and non-lactating mares, Group B) were enrolled in the study. Body Condition Score (BCS) and body weight (BW) values were recorded from each animal. In Group A, blood samples were collected on days 14 ± 2 and 7 ± 2 before foaling (T−14, T−7), and on days 7 and 14 after foaling (T+7, T+14). From mares of Group B, blood samples were collected at the beginning of the study. The levels of ACTH, cortisol, leptin, UCP1, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), triglycerides and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) were investigated. While BCS showed no statistical change throughout the monitoring period (p &gt, 0.05), all the other studied parameters displayed statistically significant variations in Group A over the peripartum period (p &lt, 0.0001). A significant effect of pregnancy was found on all studied parameters (p &lt, 0.001). The ACTH and cortisol levels measured in mares belonged to Group A showed a significant positive correlation with the values of leptin, LDLs, triglycerides and VLDLs, whereas they were negatively correlated with the serum UCP1 and NEFAs values. Together, the findings gathered in this study highlight a dynamic change of serum leptin, UCP1 and lipid parameters in peripartum mares and suggest an interaction of the HPA axis with lipid metabolism and mobilization in mares during the peripartum period in order to deal with metabolic and energy demand and maintain energy homeostasis.

La pandemia por Covid-19, causa un incremento en el uso de bolsas plásticas, como una medida para reducir las posibilidades de contagio y la facilidad de darles un solo uso, esto afecta gravemente los mares y océanos porque terminan contaminándolos debido a una mala gestión de los residuos, por esta razón se realizó una revisión de referencias bibliográficas sobre el impacto de estos plásticos en estas fuentes hídricas, además de alternativas para mejorar esta situación, luego se realizaron encuestas para indagar el nivel de conocimiento que las personas tienen sobre la disposición y uso de las 3R (reducir, reusar y reciclar) en bolsas plásticas, para comparar toda la información obtenida, proponer soluciones que minimicen su impacto ambiental y contribuyan al ODS 14 de la ONU. Se obtuvo que hay confusión, tanto con el nuevo código de colores para la disposición de residuos que se maneja en Colombia, como con la diferencia de los distintos tipos de residuos. Adicionalmente, se identificó que en cuanto a las 3R, la mayoría de la población hace uso de prácticas de reutilización y reciclaje, además de tener clara su diferencia. Se logró determinar, que es necesario un mayor compromiso con estar bien informados sobre la disposición de residuos que se rige en nuestro país, la puesta en marcha de las 3R más reforzadamente y complementarlas con dos R más: rechazar y reintegrar, para minimizar la generación de residuos y así mejorar la naturaleza de los mares y océanos. The Covid-19 pandemic caused an increase in the use of plastic bags, as a measure to reduce the chances of contagion and the ease of giving them a single use, this seriously affects the seas and oceans because they end up contaminating them due to poor management of waste, for this reason a review of bibliographic references was carried out on the impact of these plastics on these water sources, in addition to alternatives to improve this situation, then a survey was carried out to investigate the level of knowledge that people have about the disposition and use of the 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) in plastic bags, to compare all the information obtained, propose solutions that minimize their environmental impact and contribute to the UN SDG 14. It was obtained that there is confusion, both with the new color code for the disposal of waste that is handled in Colombia, and with the difference of the different types of waste. Additionally, it was identified that regarding the 3Rs, the majority of the population makes use of reuse and recycling practices, in addition to being clear about their difference. It was possible to determine that a greater commitment to being well informed about the disposal of waste that is governed in our country is necessary, the implementation of the 3Rs more strongly and complement them with two more Rs: reject and rot, to minimize the generation of waste and thus improve the nature of the seas and oceans. Especialización

The order Harpacticoida (Copepoda) is composed of microcrustaceans, generally benthic, with wide distribution, and can be found even in deep-sea regions. In these environments, the presence of undersea canyons that present peculiar characteristics that influence the benthic communities is common. The present work aimed to study the occurrence and spatio-temporal distribution of the harpacticoid community in two submarine canyons on the continental margin of Sergipe, Brazil, relating them to environmental variables. The biotic and abiotic samples came from two oceanographic campaigns carried out in March/April (SED3) and October/November (SED4) 2013, through the project “Environmental Characterization of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin” (MARSEAL), coordinated by PETROBRAS/ CENPES, on the Sergipe continental slope, in the regions of the São Francisco (C) and Japaratuba (E) canyons, at depths of 400, 700, 1,000, 1,300, 1,900 and 3,000 m. At each station, the sediment samples were collected in triplicate, with the aid of a box corer to carry out the physicochemical and biological analyses. The samples for the study of the fauna were cut into strata of 0-2 and 2-5 cm. In the laboratory, the samples were washed in 300 μm sieves and all retained material was sorted under a stereomicroscope and then identified under an optical microscope. As a result, 40 new occurrences were registered for the continental margin of Sergipe, being 27 of these taxa, new records for the Brazilian coast. The Harpacticoida community was composed of 87 species, 45 genera and 18 families. Argestidae, Pseudotachidiidae, Ameiridae, Aegisthidae and Ectinosomatidae were the most abundant families. Of the 2.968 specimens identified in both canyons, the taxa with the highest total abundance were: Sarsameira sp.1, Pseudotachidius spp., Argestes mollis, Cervinia bradyi, Bradya spp., Anoplosomella sp., Pseudotachidius coronatus, Dactylopusia sp., Keraia longiseta and Bradya scotti. The presence of harpacticoids was significantly more abundant in the 0-2 cm superficial stratum (ANOVA, F=69.40, p=3.44e10), confirming existing records in the literature. Considering the sum of the strata, it was observed that the ecological descriptors of the harpacticoids did not vary significantly between the months sampled. Multivariate permutation analysis detected a significant difference in the composition of the harpacticoid community between the two canyons (PERMANOVA, F=24.31, p=0.001). The São Francisco canyon was represented by 616 adult harpacticoid copepods distributed in 59 taxa, 19 of which were not registered in Japaratuba. In the Japaratuba canyon, 2.352 individuals distributed in 81 taxa were identified, however 41 of these did not occur in the São Francisco canyon region. The abundance, richness and diversity index of harpacticoids were higher at intermediate depths when compared to shallower and deeper regions. Depth, temperature and total carbonate were the environmental variables that most influenced the structuring of the harpacticoid community in both canyons. A ordem Harpacticoida (Copepoda) é composta por microcrustáceos, geralmente bentônicos, de ampla distribuição, podendo ser encontrados inclusive em regiões de mar profundo. Nesses ambientes, é comum a presença de cânions submarinos que apresentam características peculiares que influenciam as comunidades bentônicas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo estudar a ocorrência e a distribuição espaço-temporal da comunidade de harpacticóides em dois cânions submarinos na margem continental de Sergipe, Brasil, relacionando-as com as variáveis ambientais. As amostras bióticas e abióticas foram provenientes de duas campanhas oceanográficas realizadas em março/abril (SED3) e outubro/novembro (SED4) de 2013, através do projeto “Caracterização Ambiental da Bacia de Sergipe-Alagoas”(MARSEAL), coordenado pela PETROBRAS/CENPES, no talude continental de Sergipe, nas regiões dos cânions São Francisco (C) e Japaratuba (E), em profundidades de 400, 700, 1.000, 1.300, 1.900 e 3.000 m. Em cada estação, as amostras de sedimentos foram coletadas em triplicata, com o auxílio de um box corer para a realização das análises físico-químicas e biológicas. As amostras destinadas ao estudo da fauna foram recortadas em estratos de 0-2 e 2-5 cm. No laboratório, as amostras foram lavadas em peneiras de 300 μm e todo o material retido foi triado sob microscópio-estereoscópio e, em seguida, identificado sob microscópio ótico. Como resultados, foram registradas 40 novas ocorrências para margem continental de Sergipe, sendo 27 destes táxons, novos registros para costa brasileira. A comunidade de Harpacticoida foi composta por 87 espécies, 45 gêneros e 18 famílias. Argestidae, Pseudotachidiidae, Ameiridae, Aegisthidae e Ectinosomatidae foram as famílias mais abundantes. Dos 2.968 exemplares identificados em ambos os cânions, os táxons que apresentaram maior abundância total foram: Sarsameira sp.1, Pseudotachidius spp., Argestes mollis, Cervinia bradyi, Bradya spp., Anoplosomella sp., Pseudotachidius coronatus, Dactylopusia sp., Keraia longiseta e Bradya scotti. A presença dos harpacticóides foi significativamente mais abundante no estrato superficial de 0-2 cm (ANOVA, F=69,40, p=3,44e-10), confirmando os registros já existentes na literatura. Considerado a soma dos estratos, observou-se que os descritores ecológicos dos harpacticóides não variaram significativamente entre os meses amostrados. A análise multivariada de permutação detectou diferença significativa na composição da comunidade de harpacticóides entre os dois cânions (PERMANOVA, F=24,31, p=0,001). O cânion São Francisco foi representado por 616 copépodes harpacticóides adultos distribuídos em 59 táxons, sendo que 19 destes, não foram registrados no Japaratuba. No cânion Japaratuba, foram identificados 2.352 indivíduos distribuídos em 81 táxons, contudo 41 destes, não ocorreram na região do cânion São Francisco. A abundância, riqueza e índice de diversidade dos harpacticóides se mostraram mais elevados em profundidades intermediárias quando comparada a regiões mais rasas e profundas. A profundidade, a temperatura e o carbonato total foram as variáveis ambientais que mais influenciaram na estruturação da comunidade de harpacticóide em ambos os cânions. São Cristóvão, SE

The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of two oral antiparasitics in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in horses. 45 mares from 2 to 4 years old were randomly distributed into three groups: I: control group, II: antiparasitic treatment. doramectin in doses of 11.4 mg / kg of body weight and III: treatment with antiparasitic fenbendazole in doses of 7.5 mg / kg of body weight, with 15 repetitions each. Stool samples were collected prior to dosing and 30 days after treatment. The fecal samples were analyzed using the modified Baermann cup technique, Kato-Katz and the Graham test. Pre and post treatment data were analyzed with parametric and non-parametric tests. The efficacy of the treatments was determined by the method of percentage reduction of eggs per gram of feces (hpg). All mares were positive for nematodes, identifying Strongylus sp, Parascaris sp and Oxyuris sp. The efficacy of doramectin was 97% and fenbendazole 51% (p

So far the intimate link between serum microRNA (miRNA) and uterine inflammation in mares is unknown. We aimed (I) to investigate expression profile of eca-miR-155, eca-miR-223, eca-miR-17, eca-miR-200a, and eca-miR-205 (II) and to measure concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), and prostaglandins (PGF2α and PGE2) in serum of mares with healthy and abnormal uterine status (endometritis). This study was conducted on 80 Arabian mares: young (4–7 years), and old (8–14 years). Mares were divided into 48 sub-fertile (endometritis) and 32 fertile (control) at stud farms. Serum was collected for measuring IL-6, PGF2α, and PGE2, as well as miRNA isolation and qRT-PCR. Concentrations of IL-6, PGE2, and PGF2α were higher in mares with endometritis compared to control. Age of mares had a remarkable effect on IL-6, PGE2, and PGF2α concentrations. Relative abundance of eca-miR-155, eca-miR-223, eca-miR-17, eca-miR-200a, and eca-miR-205 was higher in both young and old mares with endometritis. We noticed that eca-miR-155, eca-miR-223, eca-miR-200a, and eca-miR-205 revealed higher expression level in old than young mares with endometritis. This is the first study that has revealed the changes in cell free miRNA and serum inflammatory mediators during endometritis, and these findings could be used for a better understanding the pathophysiology mechanisms of endometritis in equine.

Submitted by Paula Guerreiro (passarinho@reitoria.ulisboa.pt) on 2021-11-23T14:21:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ulsd737081_td_Hannah_Davies.pdf: 67741174 bytes, checksum: 95f9ce5f180d3fbeab6c53b1e7142f56 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-13T15:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ulsd737081_td_Hannah_Davies.pdf: 67741174 bytes, checksum: 95f9ce5f180d3fbeab6c53b1e7142f56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-07 Instituto Dom Luiz, grant no. IF/00702/2015

In equines, as other mammalian species, the umbilical cord is the only source of conduction of nutrients, gases, and metabolites from the placenta to the fetus, and its adequate development is super important for fetal health during pregnancy. The aim of the present review is to characterize the umbilical cord during pregnancy in horses, as well as to describe the main changes and casual findings in its evaluation with the placenta and the newborn in the postpartum period. For methodology a qualitative literature review was performed about the characteristics of the umbilical cord in the equine specie using articles selected using Mendeley, MEDLINE, PubMed and SciELO platforms. As a result, we can identify the characteristics of anatomy and development. Moreover, the most common changes in the umbilical cord are the identification of excessive length cords (over 85 cm at term), pathological twisting, or torsion of the cord and changes of uracus. These can be of non-infectious (umbilical hernias and patent uracus) or infectious conditions (omphalopathies). As casual findings, we can find amniotic plaques and ossification of remnants of the umbilical cord and yolk sac. We conclude that the evaluation of the umbilical cord in the immediate postpartum period could help in the recognition of changes not observed during pregnancy, and it is essential to characterize the changes of clinical relevance of the casual findings in evaluation of the umbilical cord in equines. En el caballo, así como en los mamíferos en general, el cordón umbilical es la única fuente de conducción de nutrientes, gases y metabolitos de la placenta al feto, y su adecuado desarrollo es de suma importancia para la salud fetal durante la gestación. El objetivo de la presente revisión es caracterizar el cordón umbilical durante la gestación en caballos, así como describir los principales cambios y hallazgos casuales en su evaluación con la placenta y el recién nacido en el posparto. Como metodología, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica cualitativa sobre las características del cordón umbilical en la especie equina utilizando artículos disponibles en las plataformas Mendeley, MEDLINE, PubMed y SciELO. Como resultado, podemos identificar las características de la anatomía y el desarrollo. Así como, los cambios más frecuentes en el cordón umbilical: la identificación de cordones excesivamente largos (más de 85 cm de longitud al nacer), torsión del cordón y cambios en el uraco. Estos pueden ser de origen no infeccioso (hernias umbilicales y uraco persistente) o infecciosos (onfalopatías). Como hallazgos casuales podemos mencionar las placas amnióticas y la osificación de los restos del cordón umbilical y del saco vitelino. Se concluye que la evaluación del cordón umbilical en el posparto inmediato ayuda en el reconocimiento de cambios no observados durante la gestación, y es fundamental caracterizar la relevancia clínica de los cambios de los hallazgos casuales en la evaluación del cordón umbilical en equinos. No equino, assim como nos mamíferos em geral, o cordão umbilical é a única fonte de condução de nutrientes, gases e metabólitos da placenta para o feto, e o seu adequado desenvolvimento é de extrema importância para a saúde fetal durante a gestação. O objetivo da presente revisão é caracterizar o cordão umbilical durante a gestação em equinos, bem como descrever as principais alterações e achados casuais na avaliação deste junto à placenta e o neonato no pós-parto. Como metodologia foi realizada uma revisão de literatura qualitativa sobre as características do cordão umbilical na espécie equina utilizando artigos disponíveis nas plataformas Mendeley, MEDLINE, PubMed e SciELO. Como resultados podemos identificar as características de anatomia e desenvolvimento. Assim como as alterações mais comuns: presença de cordões excessivamente longos (apresentando mais de 85 cm de comprimento ao nascimento), torção do cordão e alterações do úraco. Estas podem ser de origem não infecciosa (hérnias umbilicais e o úraco persistente) ou infecciosa (onfalopatias). Como achados casuais podemos citar as placas amnióticas e a ossificação dos remanescentes do cordão umbilical e saco vitelínico. Conclui-se que a avaliação do cordão umbilical no pós-parto imediato auxilia no reconhecimento de alterações não observadas durante a gestação, sendo imprescindível caracterizar as alterações de relevância clínica dos achados casuais na avaliação do cordão umbilical em equinos.

En aquest treball, em centro en l'estudi de les relacions socials de gènere a través de la corporalitat. Mitjançant una metodologia qualitativa i abductiva, que consta d'una cerca documental, set entrevistes semiestructurades i una etnografia digital exploratòria, tracto d'aproximar-me a l'autopercepció del cos les dones embarassades i que han donat a llum recentment a Espanya. Una autopercepció que es troba travessada pel discurs i la moralitat neoliberal tan present a les societats de consum contemporànies, la qual té grans efectes en les pràctiques i concepcions del nostre dia a dia. En este trabajo, me centro en el estudio de las relaciones sociales de género a través de la corporalidad. Mediante una metodología cualitativa i abductiva, que consta de una búsqueda documental, siete entrevistas semiestructuradas y una etnografía digital exploratoria, trato de acercarme a la autopercepción del cuerpo de las mujeres embarazadas y que han dado a luz recientemente en España. Una autopercepción que está atravesada por el discurso y la moralidad neoliberal tan presente en las sociedades de consumo contemporáneas, la cual tiene grandes efectos en las practicas i concepciones de nuestro día a día. In this research, I focus on the study of gender relations through corporality. By means of a qualitative and abductive methodology, that consists of a documental research, seven semi structured interviews and an exploratory digital ethnography, I try to approach to the corporal auto perception of pregnant women and women who have recently given birth in Spain. The auto perception that is influenced by a neoliberal discourse and morality, the one that is so present in contemporary consume societies, that has huge effects in our daily practices and conceptions.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:29:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Background: During pregnancy, cardiovascular adaptations occur in order to meet maternal demands and adequate support for fetal development, but they are still unclear in the equine species, especially in the American Miniature horse breed. The main hemodynamic changes that occur during pregnancy are increased heart rate, cardiac output, and blood volume. It is necessary to use the reference values for the miniature breeds, in addition to the age range and reproductive condition, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pregnancy on electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters in mares and also of age in newborns foals of American Miniature horse breed. Materials, Methods & Results: Ten American Miniature Horse mares, between 7 and 19 years old (12.14 ± 4.05 years), 116.85 ± 24.09 kg of body weight were used in the experiment. All these mares were pluriparous, with 5.9 ± 3.5 of births, minimum of 2, and maximum of 12 foaling times. They were maintained in common social group in an indoor house stable with straw bed, with access to an outdoor paddock for several h per day. Twice a day they were fed with hay. Mineral supplements and water were available ad libitum. The ECG were obtained in 10 pregnant mares and in 10 neonates. All females were examined at a representative time of each trimester of pregnancy, at 30, 210, 300 days before and 21 days after delivery. Neonates were examined on different times: first 24 h after delivery, weekly on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th days of age. The ECG parameters considered were the heart rate and rhythm, duration and intervals (P, PR, QRS, QT, T) and amplitude (P, R, S, T) of ECG waves. The mean of pregnancy duration was 319.4 ± 4.97 days. Heart Rate (HR) varied between 51 to 59 bpm during pregnancy and 56 bpm on the 21st day after delivery. Comparing the clinical parameters of pregnant mares, non-pregnant mares and foal a difference was found for HR, Respiration Rate (RR) and Temperature (P = 0.001). All ECG parameters of pregnant, non-pregnant and foal mares showed a significant difference (P = 0.0001), except for the amplitude of the P1, P2 and R waves, which was similar for the 3 groups. The mean values of HR and amplitude of the positive T wave were higher in foals when compared to pregnant and non-pregnant mares, which in turn did not differ from each other. The mean duration of the P wave, PR segment, QRS complex, QT segment and T wave were the same among mares and greater than in foals. Comparing pregnant and non-pregnant mares, there was a difference in only 3 parameters: duration of the QTc segment, amplitude of the S wave and negative T wave. The non-pregnant mares had a longer duration of the QTc segment and a greater amplitude of the negative T wave, while the foals had a greater amplitude of the S wave. Discussion: Although this study did not measure HR at delivery time, it is worth to consider the action of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system close to delivery, which reduces the HR of mares. This is because at delivery, sympathetic-adrenal activation should be avoided since the increase in sympathetic tone can cause uterine atony via B2 receptors. For this reason, it has been shown that, during physiological birth, horses are under parasympathetic control, and stress response mechanisms are not activated. It was conclude that the morphometry of the waves, intervals and ECG complexes, during the evolution of the reproductive state, the electrocardiographic aspects were generally associated with heart rate (PR and QT intervals). As for neonates, there was a discrepancy among the most of ECG parameters when compared to the adult female, regardless of reproductive status, clarifying the importance of ECG patterns not only for the breed, but also for the age group. Department of Veterinary Clinic School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) Department of Biostatistics Institute of Biosciences (IB) São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA) Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), MG Department of Basic Sciences School of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA) University of São Paulo (USP), SP Department of Veterinary Clinic - FMVZ - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Jr. s/n. SP Department of Biostatistics Institute of Biosciences (IB) São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP Department of Veterinary Clinic - FMVZ - UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Jr. s/n. SP

Treballs Finals del Màster d'Economia, Facultat d'Economia i Empresa, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2020-2021, Tutor: Joan Gil, This study explores the association of maternal employment on childhood nutrition in Ecuador by understanding the trade-off between the maternal time devoted to work and childcaring. I use exogenous regional variation of the labor market as an instrument. Using the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2018, I estimate the causal effect of maternal labor supply on children’s nutrition outcomes based on anthropometrics measurements. Maternal employment increases the probability of having stunted children, while I have not found any effect of maternal employment on children suffering from wasting, underweight and overweight. The results are robust and account for possible endogeneity sources.

The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the standard microbiological protocol to assure the evaluation of bacterial endometritis in the equine clinical practice. Four hundred fifty-two equine uterine swabs were seeded on different types of agar plates and then in a broth-enrichment (Brain Heart Infusion Broth) before plating by using the same media the day after. The prevalence of positivity was 33.7% following direct plating and 66.3% following use of added enrichment-broth phase before seeding on solid media. Furthermore, the prevalence of isolated bacteria included E. coli (29.7%) and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (15.2%), both frequently associated with equine endometritis. Our results indicate that the addition enrichment-broth culture significantly increases the rate of positivity for the detection of bacteria in equine uterine swabs compared to the direct plating of samples alone. Thus, this diagnostic technique may be recommended to increase the sensitivity of bacteriological analysis in mares with endometritis.