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Introduction: In spite of the various advances in the Tuberculosis (TB) management system in our country, we are still struggling to achieve the End TB strategy. Addressing the health provider difficulties in TB care will definitely be potential tool to control TB. Objective: To assess the competency, challenges and solutions of Indian medical graduates to provide effective Tuberculosis care. Method: It is a mixed methodological study conducted among the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) graduates practising in various parts of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The competency of the Indian medical graduates in delivering TB care was assessed using a content validated e-survey questionnaire disseminated through social media affinity groups and free listing;pile sorting and in-depth interview was done in the qualitative part. Results:The proportion of participants having good, fair and poor competency in providing effective TB care was 35%,19% and 46%, respectively. Various challenges in attaining good competency were enlisted by the participants through free listing, a smaller number of TB patients in private medical college has attained the highest Smith S value followed by other eleven challenges. Based on the pile sorting and indepth interview various solutions have been suggested, with most of them emphasizing on compulsory TB chest clinic posting followed by others measures. Conclusion: The major reason identified in difficulties in delivering TB care was inadequate exposure in managing TB patients, incomplete knowledge on notification,referral and followup system. These lacunae can be overturned by compulsory posting in TB clinics during internship period, provision of required personal protective equipment (PPE) for doctors and patients in TB wards and outpatient department, mandatory teaching on updates of TB management.

Although music learners’ metacognition could regulate and improve their practice and performance, respectively, metacognitive measurement tools for music domains remain scarce. Hence, this study aimed to develop and validate a Metacognitive Questionnaire for Music Learning (MQML). Through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), two rounds of research were conducted on 513 valid questionnaires to analyze the item discrimination, reliability, and validity of the questionnaire. This study developed a questionnaire consisting of two subscales, eight factors, and 35 items. The MQML was explored and validated with a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.960 for the overall scale, subscale Cronbach’s alpha values were 0.914 and 0.947. An eight-factor metacognitive structural model was validated for the first time in the music field. Essentially, MQML could provide empirical data for music students’ metacognition strategies and expand the current body of literature on music cognition.

Every day, it becomes more difficult to find water. The main factor causing water body contamination is human activity. Groundwater becomes contaminated when improperly treated waste water from industries and other sources gets mixed with it. The primary objective of this initiative is to treat water that has been contaminated by toxic substances. The study’s focus is on the process of eliminating additional compounds such as sulphate, nitrate, phenol, fluoride, mineral oil, calcium, and turbidity. The usefulness of ground water for specific uses depends on its chemistry, physical characteristics, and bacterial makeup. The groundwater’s pH, fluoride, nitrate, sulphate, turbidity, hardness, phenol, and other characteristics were all measured. The treatments took into account aeration and sedimentation. The water is then recommended as safe for household and agricultural purposes.

Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), are the most lethal of childhood cancers. Palliative radiotherapy is the only established treatment, with median patient survival of 9 to 11 months. ONC201 is a DRD2 antagonist and ClpP agonist that has shown preclinical and emerging clinical efficacy in DMG. However, further work is needed to identify the mechanisms of response of DIPGs to ONC201 treatment and to determine whether recurring genomic features influence response. Using a systems-biological approach, we showed that ONC201 elicits potent agonism of the mitochondrial protease ClpP to drive proteolysis of electron transport chain and tricarboxylic acid cycle proteins. DIPGs harboring PIK3CA mutations showed increased sensitivity to ONC201, whereas those harboring TP53 mutations were more resistant. Metabolic adaptation and reduced sensitivity to ONC201 was promoted by redox-activated PI3K/Akt signaling, which could be counteracted using the brain penetrant PI3K/Akt inhibitor, paxalisib. Together, these discoveries coupled with the powerful anti-DIPG/DMG pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of ONC201 and paxalisib have provided the rationale for the ongoing DIPG/DMG phase II combination clinical trial NCT05009992. Significance: PI3K/Akt signaling promotes metabolic adaptation to ONC201-mediated disruption of mitochondrial energy homeostasis in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, highlighting the utility of a combination treatment strategy using ONC201 and the PI3K/Akt inhibitor paxalisib.

Lung cancer is a terrible disease with highest mortality. Although, several modern medications saved many lives but side effects remain dreadful. The natural remedy is needed to overcome the side effects of the lung cancer treatment. Tragia plukenetii belongs to Euphorbeaceae family reported for good ethnopharmacological property which remains unexplored in its anticancer prognosis. This study focusses on cytotoxicity analysis of T. plukenetti extract against A549 cell line and L929 by MTT assay. Scratch assay was done to evaluate their anti-migratory effect against A549 cell line. GC-MS techniques were used to analyse the identification of phytocompounds present in the T. plukenetii leaves and screened their anti-lung cancer mechanism targeting Lung cancer receptors (EGFR, RET, ALK, BRAF, JAK3 and P13k) through molecular docking by SeeSAR 9.2. commercial tool. Best docked ligands were subjected to ADMET analysis and Swiss Target Prediction to check the drug likeliness properties of the ligands. MTT analysis of T.plukenetii leaves extracts against A549 lung cancer cell line revealed the IC50 value as 91.53 ± 0.2 μg and less cytotoxic effect in L929 cell lines. Scratch invasion assay showed 88% inhibition in wound closure at 36 Hrs. T. plukenetii contains fifteen volatile compounds with as Z, Z-3,13-Octadecadien-1-ol (25.71), Oleic acid (16.21) 9-Eicosyne (15.72) and 9,12- Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-(12.62) as major metabolites in the GC-MS analysis. Among best docked ligands, oxacyclododecan-2-one obeyed the major ADMET categories. Top 15 receptor targets predicted from Homo sapiens origin showing T. plukenetii have the anti-cancer potential that may pave the way for the drug discovery.

Objectives: Diabetes is acknowledged as a key public health problem with the prevalence rate increasing globally and reaching epidemic proportions. It is high time that screening programs are implemented at the community level for early detection of the population, who are at risk of having diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A community-based and cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural field practice area of a tertiary care hospital in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu. The screening tool used to assess the risk status was the Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) and the body mass index (BMI) of the participants was also calculated. Results: A total of 396 formed the study population with the males constituting 47.2% of the study population. The majority were more than 50 years of age. Evaluating the risk status of study subjects using IDRS, the higher IDRS risk score was seen in 48.2% of participants, 47.2% had moderate risk, while only 3.5% had low risk. About 54.2% (n = 198) of participants were found to have a BMI within the normal range, 18.4% were underweight, 20.5% were overweight, and obesity was seen in 6.8% of the participants. A statistically significant association was found between gender and IDRS risk status, whereas no significant association was found between BMI category and IDRS risk status. Conclusions: Almost half of the study participants belonged to the high-risk category using IDRS screening. For the mass screening of diabetes, IDRS seems practically feasible and acceptable.

This article highlights the importance of learning models which prevent the resilient attack of robotic technology with a subset of trajectories. Many complement models are introduced in the field of path planning robots without any knowledge of representation procedures, so robotic data are subject to different attacks from several users. During such attacks, the data will be misplaced and commands specified to robots will be disorganized so a new training data set has to be incorporated which is a difficult task. Therefore, to prevent probability of data failure time-dependent binary probability prototypes are introduced with low training data. Furthermore, a regularized boosting procedure (RBP) has been applied with different weights to switch multiple robots with discrete knowledge representation. Then a high space block is incorporated for maximizing coverage areas during loss functions and this is implicit as an innovative technique as compared with existing procedures. To validate the effectiveness of proposed learning techniques in robots, four scenarios are considered which include accuracy and success rate of detection. Subsequently, the outcomes prove that the robotic path with learning models are highly effective for an average percentile of 86% as compared to conventional techniques.

Background: Bromelain is a complex mixture of protease enzyme extract from the fruit or stem of the pineapple plant and it has a history of folk medicine use. It is known to have a wide range of biological actions and it is most commonly used as an anti-inflammatory agent, though scientists have also discovered its potential as an anticancer and antimicrobial agent, it has been reported to have positive effects on the respiratory, digestive, circulatory systems and potentially on the immune system. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the antidepressant potential of Bromelain in the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model of depression. Methods: We studied the antioxidant activity, and neuroprotective effect of Bromelain by analyzing the fear and anxiety behavior, antioxidants, and neurotransmitter levels, and also by analyzing the histopathological changes. Adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups, Control; Bromelain; CUS; CUS + Bromelain, CUS + fluoxetine. Animals of the CUS group, CUS + Bromelain group, and CUS + Fluoxetine group were exposed to CUS for 30 days. Animals of the Bromelain group and CUS + Bromelain group were treated orally with 40 mg/kg Bromelain throughout the period of CUS whereas, the positive control group was treated with fluoxetine. Results: Results showed a significant decrease in oxidative stress marker (lipid peroxidation), and the stress hormone cortisol, in Bromelain-treated CUS-induced depression. Bromelain treatment in CUS has also resulted in a significant increase in neurotransmitter levels, which indicates the efficacy of Bromelain to counteract the monamine neurotransmitter changes in depression by increasing their synthesis and reducing their metabolism. In addition, the antioxidant activity of Bromelain prevented oxidative stress in depressed rats. Also, hematoxylin and eosin staining of hippocampus sections has revealed that Bromelain treatment has protected the degeneration of nerve cells by chronic unpredictable stress exposure. Conclusion: This data provides evidence for the antidepressant-like action of Bromelain by preventing neurobehavioral, biochemical, and monoamine alterations.

Bidens pilosa finds therapeutic applications in the traditional medicine. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of various extracts obtained from the leaves and stem-bark of B. pilosa by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. We also aimed to determine the total phenolic contents (TPCs) by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method and total flavonoid contents (TFCs) by the aluminium chloride colorimetric method. Various solvent extracts were obtained from the leaves and stem-bark of B. pilosa by maceration and hot solvent extraction techniques. The extracts from leaves and stem-bark exhibited radical scavenging activity in the ranges of 4.40 ± 1.02-81.18 ± 1.14% and 5.92 ± 2.16-79.34 ± 8.43%, respectively at concentrations of 200-3,000 µg/mL. The positive control, ascorbic acid exhibited radical scavenging activity in a range of 55.17 ±1.89-88.12 ± 1.31% at the same concentrations. Additionally, the methanol extracts from both leaves and stem-bark were found to be the most potent with IC50 values of 848.54 and < 200 µg/mL, respectively. The positive control, ascorbic acid exhibited an IC50 value < 200 µg/mL. Furthermore, the extracts from the leaves and stem-bark exhibited ferric reducing power in the ranges of 0.095 ± 0.017-1.175 ± 0.084 and 0.093 ± 0.006-1.100 ± 0.065, respectively at concentrations of 5-100 µg/mL. The positive control, ascorbic acid exhibited a ferric reducing power in the range of 0.326 ± 0.00-1.213 ± 0.078 at concentrations of 5-100 µg/mL. In addition, the TPCs of extracts from the leaves and stem-bark were determined to be in the ranges of 9.03 ± 2.34-179.31 ± 0.96 and 10.93 ± 1.04-154.04 ± 2.15 mg GAE/g of DW of extract, respectively. Similarly, the TFCs of extracts from the leaves and stem-bark were determined to be in the ranges 1.28 ± 0.05-29.33 ± 4.19 and 1.89 ± 0.58-27.75 ± 2.67 mg QE/g of DW of extract, respectively. From this study, we concluded that various extracts obtained from B. pilosa showed a moderate to strong radical scavenging and ferric reducing power and possessed a significant amount of TPCs and TFCs.

A Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) framework to diagnose Pulmonary Edema (PE) and covid-19 from the chest Computed Tomography (CT) slices were developed and implemented in this work. The lung tissues have been segmented using Otsu’s thresholding method. The Regions of Interest (ROI) considered in this work were edema lesions and covid-19 lesions. For each ROI, the edema lesions and covid-19 lesions were elucidated by an expert radiologist, followed by texture and shape extraction. The extracted features were stored as feature vectors. The feature vectors were split into train and test set in the ratio of 80 : 20. A wrapper based feature selection approach using Squirrel Search Algorithm (SSA) with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier’s accuracy as the fitness function was used to select the optimal features. The selected features were trained using the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) classifier. This framework was tested on a real-time PE and covid-19 dataset. The BPNN classifier’s accuracy with SSA yielded 88.02%, whereas, without SSA it yielded 83.80%. Statistical analysis, namely Wilcoxon’s test, Kendall’s Rank Correlation Coefficient test and Mann Whitney U test were performed, which indicates that the proposed method has a significant impact on the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the novel dataset considered. Comparative experimentations of the proposed system with existing benchmark ML classifiers, namely Cat Boost, Ada Boost, XGBoost, RBF SVM, Poly SVM, Sigmoid SVM and Linear SVM classifiers demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms the benchmark classifiers’ results.

Introduction Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a deadly disease due to its associated morbidity and mortality. Attempts have been made to identify predictors of severity, mortality and need for nephrectomy in EPN with little success. Methods We conducted an ambispective study of EPN patients between March 2014 and September 2019. Retrospective data were collected which included age, sex, comorbidities, symptoms, signs, laboratory investigations including imaging, need for dialysis, management and any complications. All patients were then followed prospectively for renal dynamic scan, stone surgery or nephrectomy. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors affecting mortality and need for elective nephrectomy. Results In total, 112 patients were included. Mean patient age was 50.01 years, 55% were female and 5% had bilateral involvement. Fever and flank pain were the most common symptoms. Diabetes was seen in 75% of cases and 30% of cases required haemodialysis at initial presentation. About 60% of patients improved with pigtail drainage. Need for nephrectomy was greater in Huang–Tseng stage 3a (14.8%). Huang–Tseng stages 3b and 4 had higher mortality rates (25%) than the other stages (2.2%). Twelve of 99 patients had non functional kidney on follow-up and underwent elective nephrectomy. Low platelet counts, high body mass index, septic shock, dialysis and higher Huang–Tseng stage were found to be predictive of mortality and renal parenchymal thickness on computed tomography scan was predictive of follow-up nephrectomy. Conclusions Thrombocytopaenia, high body mass index, septic shock, haemodialysis and higher Huang–Tseng stage are predictors of mortality and renal parenchymal thickness

Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone which plays an active role in maintaining protein homeostasis. Hsp90 is known to be highly expressed in tumour cells where it regulates stability and function of several key oncogenic client proteins including Akt kinase, EGFR, CDK and PDGFR. These client proteins are mutated or overexpressed in tumours and are involved in tumour progression and metastasis due to their roles in signaling pathways, cell cycle and apoptosis. Hsp90 has two isoforms, namely Hsp90α and Hsp90β and share 85% sequence homology. Hsp90β is the constitutive isoform, however, Hsp90α is highly induced in many cancers and is responsible for tumorigenesis.

In this study, baking soda extraction from textile dye bath effluent has been investigated. The novel notion of employing amino acid additions to improve the standard Solvay method and thereby boost the efficiency of Na+ recovery has been investigated. Glycine, L-arginine, and L-alanine are three amino acid additions examined for their effect on enhancing Na+ recovery, and the best-suited additive is chosen. The dumping of brackish dye bath effluent, which has a high percentage of sodium chloride, causes textile dye baths from the textile industry. The primary goal was to remove Na+ (sodium) from the effluent using carbon dioxide gas, which has environmental benefits. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most common greenhouse gas, trapping heat and raising global temperatures, therefore contributing to climate change. The Solvay process is used to transform Na+ in salty wastewater into a valuable product. The effect of different operating variables such as NH4OH (ammonium hydroxide) concentration, reaction temperature, carbonation time, and carbon dioxide gas flow rate on bicarbonate production was investigated. Maximum sodium recovery of about 68 percent is attained under optimal circumstances. When compared with the regular Solvay process, the modified Solvay method has a greater recovery efficiency (33 percent). Amino acid addition (arginine) improved conversion efficiency while also lowering the process’s ammonia need.

Reliable operation of energy management systems, grid stability, and managing energy demand responses are becoming challenging because of the flickering nature of solar irradiance. Accurate forecasting of global solar irradiance, i.e., global horizontal irradiance (GHI), plays a significant role in energy policy-making and the energy market. This paper proposes a novel global solar irradiance forecasting model based on the ensemble recursive radial basis function neural networks (ERRBFNNs). The various atmospheric inputs based on the built ensemble recursive radial basis function neural networks make the network more stable and robust to climatic uncertainty. This paper statistically investigates the performance of novel feed-forward neural networks based on forecasting models with various hidden nodes for global solar irradiance forecasting applications. We validated the proposed ERRBFNN global solar irradiance forecasting model using real-time data sets. The simulation results confirm that the proposed ensemble recursive radial basis function neural network based on global solar irradiance forecasting improves the accuracy, generalization, and network stability. Furthermore, the proposed ERRBFNN lowers the forecasting error to the least compared to other state-of-the-art forecasting models.

Background: Sesame is a traditional oilseed comprising essential amino acids. However, the presence of allergens in sesame is a significant problem in its consumption; thus, this study attempted to reduce these allergens in sesame oilseeds. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of cold plasma processing on structural changes in proteins, and thereby the alteration of allergenicity in sesame milk. Method: Sesame milk (300 mL) was processed using atmospheric pressure plasma bubbling unit (dielectric barrier discharge, power: 200 V, and airflow rate: 16.6 mL/min) at different exposure times (10, 20, and 30 min). Results: The efficiency of plasma-bubbling unit as measured by electron paramagnetic resonance in terms of producing reactive hydroxyl (OH) radicals proved that generation of reactive species increased with exposure time. Further, the plasma-processed sesame milk subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and differential scanning calorimetery analysis revealed that plasma bubbling increased the oxidation of proteins with respect to bubbling time. The structural analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism revealed that the secondary structure of proteins was altered after plasma application. This change in the protein structure helped in changing the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding epitopes of the protein, which in turn reduced the allergen-binding capacity by 23% at 20-min plasma bubbling as determined by the sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, 30-min plasma bubbling intended to increase allergenicity, possibly because of increase in IgE binding due to the generation of neo epitopes. Conclusion: These changes proved that plasma bubbling is a promising technology in oxidizing protein structure, and thereby reducing the allergenicity of sesame milk. However, increase in binding at 30-min bubbling is to be studied to facilitate further reduction of the binding capacity of IgE antibodies.

In the modern era, digital data processing with a huge volume of data from the repository is challenging due to various data formats and the extraction techniques available. The accuracy levels and speed of the data processing on larger networks using modern tools have limitations for getting quick results. The major problem of data extraction on the repository is finding the data location and the dynamic changes in the existing data. Even though many researchers created different tools with algorithms for processing those data from the warehouse, it has not given accurate results and gives low latency. This output is due to a larger network of batch processing. The performance of the database scalability has to be tuned with the powerful distributed framework and programming languages for the latest real-time applications to process the huge datasets over the network. Data processing has been done in big data analytics using the modern tools HADOOP and SPARK effectively. Moreover, a recent programming language such as Python will provide solutions with the concepts of map reduction and erasure coding. But it has some challenges and limitations on a huge dataset at network clusters. This review paper deals with Hadoop and Spark features also their challenges and limitations over different criteria such as file size, file formats, and scheduling techniques. In this paper, a detailed survey of the challenges and limitations that occurred during the processing phase in big data analytics was discussed and provided solutions to that by selecting the languages and techniques using modern tools. This paper gives solutions to the research people who are working in big data analytics, for improving the speed of data processing with a proper algorithm over digital data in huge repositories.

Eighteen nucleic acid therapeutics have been approved for treatment of various diseases in the last 25 years. Their modes of action include antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs), RNA interference (RNAi) and an RNA aptamer against a protein. Among the diseases targeted by this new class of drugs are homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, spinal muscular atrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis, familial chylomicronemia syndrome, acute hepatic porphyria, and primary hyperoxaluria. Chemical modification of DNA and RNA was central to making drugs out of oligonucleotides. Oligonucleotide therapeutics brought to market thus far contain just a handful of first- and second-generation modifications, among them 2′-fluoro-RNA, 2′-O-methyl RNA and the phosphorothioates that were introduced over 50 years ago. Two other privileged chemistries are 2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-RNA (MOE) and the phosphorodiamidate morpholinos (PMO). Given their importance in imparting oligonucleotides with high target affinity, metabolic stability and favorable pharmacokinetic and -dynamic properties, this article provides a review of these chemistries and their use in nucleic acid therapeutics. Breakthroughs in lipid formulation and GalNAc conjugation of modified oligonucleotides have paved the way to efficient delivery and robust, long-lasting silencing of genes. This review provides an account of the state-of-the-art of targeted oligo delivery to hepatocytes.

In this study, a virulent field canine parvovirus type - 2a variant (CPV-new 2a) strain, ABT/CPV/MVC02, was identified from the faeces of a Dog with severe haemorrhagic gastroenteritis in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The genomic sequence of ABT/CPV/MVC02 (MN661243) shares 99.33% nucleotide identity with those of CPV new 2a variant strains. Based on the VP2 capsid protein amino acid variation (Ser297Ala), the ABT/CPV/MVC02 strain is classified as a new CPV 2a variant strain. Two VP2 mutations Tyr324Ile and Thr440Ala were reported in most of the CPV-2a stains also present in ABT/CPV/MVC02.The phylogenetic analysis of the reported strain revealed that it was distinct from existing CPV 2a strains from India and other countries. This complete genomic analysis revealed that the CPV-2a new variant strain circulating in India is evolving rapidly with unique antigenic variations between field CPV-2a and vaccine strains which may be the major cause for vaccine failure in vaccinated dogs.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) has poor prognosis, high mortality rate and lack of effective therapy. A synergic combination of PD-L1 antibody together with cell death promoting substances like deacetylase inhibitors (DACi) and multi-kinase inhibitors (MKI) could sensitize ATC cells and promote decay by autophagic cell death. The PD-L1-inhibitor atezolizumab synergized with panobinostat (DACi) and sorafenib (MKI) leading to significant reduction of the viability, measured by real time luminescence, of three different patient-derived primary ATC cells, of C643 cells and follicular epithelial thyroid cells too. Solo administration of these compounds caused a significant over-expression of autophagy transcripts; meanwhile autophagy proteins were almost not detectable after the single administration of panobinostat, thus supporting a massive autophagy degradation process. Instead, the administration of atezolizumab caused an accumulation of autophagy proteins and the cleavage of the active caspases 8 and 3. Interestingly, only panobinostat and atezolizumab were able to exacerbate the autophagy process by increasing the synthesis, the maturation and final fusion with the lysosomes of the autophagosome vesicles. Despite ATC cells could be sensitized by atezolizumab via the cleavage of the caspases, no reduction of cell proliferation or promotion of cell death was observed. The apoptosis assay evidenced the ability of panobinostat alone and in combination with atezolizumab to induce the phosphatidil serine exposure (early apoptosis) and further the secondary necrosis. Instead, sorafenib was only able to cause necrosis. The increase of caspases activity induced by atezolizumab, the apoptosis and autophagy processes promoted by panobinostat synergize thus promoting cell death in well-established and primary anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. The combined therapy could represent a future clinical application for the treatment of such lethal and untreatable solid cancer.

SUMMARY Acute behavioural disturbance is relatively common during the perinatal period. The management of agitation in pregnant women is similar to that in the general population, although with some additional considerations, such as modifications to restraint techniques, careful medication selection, monitoring of maternal and fetal well-being and the importance of a debrief. There are benefits of agreeing a pre-determined care plan for women who are at risk.

Local governments are enhancing their governance through various information communication technologies (ICTs). This article presents an exploratory case study of three municipalities within the United States, examining how each applies YouTube for communication. Using content analysis and selected statistical tests of mean difference, the authors analyzed the videos uploaded between January 2020 to August 2020. The three municipalities used YouTube to document policymaking, publicize programs and services, update critical information during times of crises, and, in some cases, create unique brand images. The average number of views per video were similar across the three YouTube channels. However, one of the municipalities received a statistically significant number of average likes per video, which spotlights its positive brand image. In conclusion, the authors suggest directions for future research and recommend practices for social media adaptation in government.

PurposeLabour efficiency is the key component for the long-term sustainability of construction firms. Recent studies show that modernising organisational/managerial processes is necessary to raise labour efficiency in many emerging nations. Construction supervision is a crucial element in organisational/managerial practices, which provide blood circulation to the project operations by directing labour. Accordingly, this study aims to quantify the impacts of crucial organisational/managerial elements on the efficiency of labour in building construction projects based on the viewpoint of construction supervisors.FindingsA total of 28 factors were determined as critical, where lack of labour motivation, poor labour training facilities, poor performance evaluation practices, no labour rewarding mechanism and poor communication/cooperation between parties were judged to be the top five key issues in the list. The validity and reliability of the study findings were ensured through statistical tests and the experts' discussion outcomes. In view of the evolving challenges facing the industry, the results indicate that the organisational policies of construction enterprises in place addressing financial procedures, communication strategies, resource management and performance management practices must be enhanced.Research limitations/implicationsThe study findings will make a substantial contribution to reducing the disparity between organisation/management policies and labour practices towards changing how the sector operates to increase labour efficiency in construction projects.Originality/valueThis study contributes to addressing the knowledge gap in the industry associated with the organisational protocols, especially to understand/predict how such elements are significant, how much they influence the efficiency of construction practices and what steps can be made to limit their effects on labour efficiency in construction. These could be crucial in modernising organisational policies and procedures for construction management.

Glycol nucleic acid (GNA) is an acyclic nucleic acid analog connected via phosphodiester bonds. Crystal structures of RNA–GNA chimeric duplexes indicated that nucleotides of the right-handed (S)-GNA were better accommodated in the right-handed RNA duplex than were the left-handed (R)-isomers. GNA nucleotides adopt a rotated nucleobase orientation within all duplex contexts, pairing with complementary RNA in a reverse Watson–Crick mode, which explains the inabilities of GNA C and G to form strong base pairs with complementary nucleotides. Transposition of the hydrogen bond donor and acceptor pairs using novel (S)-GNA isocytidine and isoguanosine nucleotides resulted in stable base-pairing with the complementary G and C ribonucleotides, respectively. GNA nucleotide or dinucleotide incorporation into an oligonucleotide increased resistance against 3′-exonuclease-mediated degradation. Consistent with the structural observations, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) modified with (S)-GNA had greater in vitro potencies than identical sequences containing (R)-GNA. (S)-GNA is well tolerated in the seed regions of antisense and sense strands of a GalNAc-conjugated siRNA in vitro. The siRNAs containing a GNA base pair in the seed region had in vivo potency when subcutaneously injected into mice. Importantly, seed pairing destabilization resulting from a single GNA nucleotide at position 7 of the antisense strand mitigated RNAi-mediated off-target effects in a rodent model. Two GNA-modified siRNAs have shown an improved safety profile in humans compared with their non-GNA-modified counterparts, and several additional siRNAs containing the GNA modification are currently in clinical development.

Talon cusp is an uncommon developmental anomaly resulting in an extra cusp or cuspal projection on an anterior tooth consisting of normal enamel, dentin, and varying degrees of pulp tissue. Talon cusp shows varied presentations of which the palatal talon cusp has been the most common of all. The management requires an extensive understanding of this clinical entity and the complications associated with its occurrence. In this case series, we are reporting double talon cusps which is a rarity itself, involving the palatal aspect of maxillary central incisors.

This paper takes the music class of Fuzhou Preschool Normal College, Jiangxi Province, China as a case study to analyze the different attitudes of students to the traditional Chinese opera—Fuzhou tea-picking opera which has been introduced into the music class of the school, thus affecting the cultural inheritance effect. A total of 150 non-music major local college students were selected from three classes to carry out the music course inheritance practice for four months in Fuzhou Preschool Normal College. This study was divided into three stages, (a) student assessment, (b) teaching the lesson, (c) feedback and assessment. The aim of this study was to study the perceptions of students from Fuzhou Preschool Normal College, Jiangxi Province, China towards the art from of Fuzhou tea-picking opera, and to explore the factors affecting the learning attitudes of these students. Mixed-methods design was employed within the study. The study found that the implementation of the course significantly improved students’ positive attitude towards Fuzhou tea-picking opera. The implementation of the course played a positive role in promoting the inheritance of the tea-picking opera. Although this is a study on the inheritance of traditional Chinese music course, the ideas of course design and research results are applicable to other traditional Chinese music, and even to other countries which have needs for the inheritance of traditional music.

Recent instances of novel biological circuits that enable cells to gain biosynthetic skills demonstrate synthetic biology’s therapeutic potential. Synthetic biology is a branch of biology whose primary role is to build completely functional biological systems from the smallest basic elements such as DNA, proteins, and other organic molecules to complex bacteria. This review briefly mentions some novel way of synthetic strategies like bacterial modelling, two-component systems, synthetic peptide, and synthetic flavonoids used for targeting biofilm and drug-stable microbial communities. Bacterial modelling was mainly done in Escherichia coli and Mycoplasma using different strategies like introducing quorum sensing devices and CRISPR-mediated editing. Synthetic peptides are also one of the extensively studied ongoing areas which are produced from natural peptides taking as a template and altering amino acid position. Flavonoids are produced by two-step reaction and molecular hybridization methods. This kind of synthetic approach reported significant biofilm dispersion and lethal effects on clinically relevant bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Streptococcus species and Klebsiella pneumonia.

A field study was carried out to evaluate the yield potential of 10 sunflower hybrids under rainfed vertisols condition at Black Soil Farm, Agricultural Research Station, Kovilpatti, Tamil Nadu during Rabi Season of 2016 -18. The hybrids such as Krishian, Arathana, Ganga GK 2002, Suvathi, Sun bread 293, Sun bread 275, Arunodhaya, Sunny, Modern were compared with variety CO 2. Among the hybrids significantly higher plant height was recorded in CO 2 (123.7and 113.0 cm) and the lowest in sunny (91.1and 71.7 cm). However, maximum capitulum diameter was observed in Sunny (19.4 and 15.9 cm) and minimum in Sun bread 293 (11.3 and 11.1 cm). The early maturing varieties were modern (90 and 75 days). Among the hybrids significantly higher seed yield was observed in Suvathi (1157 and 979 kg/ha), Sun bread 275 (1174 and 1105 kg/ha) and Sunny (1235 and 1236 kg/ha) over variety CO2 (763 and 514 kg/ha). The highest oil content was in Sunny (37.3 and 37.6 %) followed by Krishna (35.6 and 35.4%) and Ganga GK 2002(35.5 and 35.4 %). However, the maximum oil yield was recorded in Sunny (461 and 465 kg/ha) over other hybrids.

The traffic signal recognition model plays a significant role in the intelligent transportation model, as traffic signals aid the drivers to driving the more professional with awareness. The primary goal of this paper is to proposea model that works for the recognition and detection of traffic signals. This work proposes the pre-processing and segmentation approach applying machine learning techniques are occurred recent trends of study. Initially, the median filter & histogram equalization technique is utilized for pre-processing the traffic signal images, and also information of the figures being increased. The contrast of the figures upgraded, and information about the color shape of traffic signals are applied by the model. To localize the traffic signal in the obtained image, then this region of interest in traffic signal figures are extracted. The traffic signal recognition and classification experiments are managed depending on the German Traffic Signal Recognition Benchmark-(GTSRB). Various machine learning techniques such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Convolutional neural network (CNN)- General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) is used for the classification process. Finally, the obtained results will be compare in terms of the performance metrics like accuracy, F1 score, kappa score, jaccard score, sensitivity, specificity, recall, and precision. The result shows that CNN-GRNN with ML techniques by attaining 99.41% accuracy compare to other intelligent methods. In this proposed technique is used for detecting and classifying various categories of traffic signals to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the system.

In this work, the transformer oil reclamation experimental test has been created utilising the physical-chemical reclamation technique and oil lifespan analysis using ANFIS algorithm. The significant of work is that it develops an ANFIS algorithm for estimating transformer life and analyzing transformer oil reliability. Rubber seed oil (mineral oil) is used in transformers to cool the substantial portion of the power transformer and decrease electrical ageing issues. These mineral oils interact chemically with the windings, suffering electrical and mechanical pressure owing to high temperatures over its power balance which leads to moisture and oxidation. In order to improve the performance of ageing oil, a physical and chemical reclamation approach with two primary steps, Coagulation and Adsorption, is used. Breakdown voltage, flash point, viscosity, and fire point are the important dielectric qualities of oil reclamation that will differentiate the performance between before and after reclamation when compared to diverse oil samples. The results of the work revealed that the physical-chemical reclamation process is enhanced the dielectric characteristics of the ageing oil, and the parameters of the reclaimed oil are utilised to predict the projected lifespan of the transformer service.

Background: Siddha system of medicine depends largely on herbal for the treatment of diseases which was practiced at village levels and now becomes an important medicine in worldwide, According to the Akasthiyar -2000-Part– III textbook, Saaranai Chooranam is a herbal drug that is indicated for Raththa kothippu (Systemic Hypertension) Saaranai is the Tamil name for Trianthema portulacastrum, which belongs to the family Aizoaceae. Aim & Objective: This study primarily aims to evaluate the Physicochemical and Phytochemical evaluation of Saaranai Chooranam, Preliminary Phytochemical analysis such as High Performed Thin Layered Chromatography and Powder Microscopy of Saaranai Chooranam. Methodology: The Physicochemical analysis of Saaranai Chooranam is carried out using standard procedures. Results: Preliminary Phytochemical screening found, the presence of phytochemicals such as Proteins, Terpenoids, Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, and Tannins. High-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprinting revealed the presence of many phytochemicals with different Rf values and densitometric scans of the plates showed numerous bands and peaks. The Powder Microscopy reveals the presence ofTracheidal fibre, Vessel with bordered pits, Calcium oxalate crystal, Stone cell, Group of sclereids with brownish content, Paracytic stomata and surrounding subsidiary cells, Rosette Calcium oxalate crystal, Sclereid with narrow lumen, Thick walled cells, Tracheidal fibre and Trichome. Physicochemical analysis revealed the values of total ash (17.86%), acid-insoluble ash (1.34%), water-soluble ash (13.62), sulphated ash (25.72%), pH (6.05 in 4% alcohol solution), volatile oil (0.5%), foaming index (111.11%) and swelling index (4ml). Conclusion: This study is an effort to explore the different Physico and Phytochemical compounds of Saaranai Chooranam effective in the management of Raththa kothippu (Systemic hypertension).