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Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Moreover, within thyroid cancer, differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is the most common variety, with the incidence rising over the past decade. Often, most of the cases present with multicentric disease and presenting with lymph node metastases at the time of diagnosis. Nodal metastasis has prognostic importance, and it may guide surgeons regarding further management. Considering this scientific fact, the study was performed to see the frequency of lymph node metastasis in DTC among the patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of otolaryngology and head-neck surgery, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital, for 9 months after the acceptance of the protocol. A total of 50 patients (in all age groups) who attended the relevant department due to thyroid malignancies were approached and interviewed. Thorough history taking, physical examination, and relevant investigation were done and recorded into separate case record forms. Informed written consent was taken from each subject. Following collection, data were coded and inputted into statistical software. Data analysis was done with SPSS 21 according to the objective of the study. Data were presented in the form of tables, and charts. Results: Among the 50 patients, the mean age of the patients was 47.86±15.69 SD (years) with minimum and maximum ages of 14 and 78 years respectively. The male-female ratio was 1:4 (20% male vs 80% female). Papillary carcinoma was the most frequent (88%) followed by follicular (10%). Nodal metastasis was most common in the papillary variety, about 54.55% of cases, whereas 20% were present in the follicular variety. The majority of the patients underwent total thyroidectomy with neck dissection (90%) and the remaining cases were managed by lobectomy (10%). Conclusions: This study concluded that nodal metastasis was present in 54.55% of cases of papillary carcinoma.

Background: Deep neck abscess is a common clinical entity in developing countries like ours. Despite the widespread use of antibiotics, deep neck infections do not disappear and remain one of the most difficult emergencies encountered in daily clinical practice. The extent and severity of the illness could become life-threatening. Therefore, coping with deep neck abscess remain a challenge to otolaryngologists. This study aimed to analyze the bacteriological pattern and antimicrobial susceptibility in deep neck space abscesses. Material Methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study. 50 patients with deep neck space abscesses fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria admitted to the department of ENT Head Neck Surgery, Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur, from 1st July 2017 to 30th December 2017 were enrolled in this study. Pus from deep neck space abscess was collected by either aspiration or incision and drainage with proper aseptic measure and sent by sterile test tube to microbiology department immediately. Data were collected by detailed history taking and clinical examination investigations with informed written consent and analyzed by SPSS (version 20). Results: In this study most commonly involved deep neck spaces were Submandibular (38%), Peritonsillar (32%), Retropharyngeal (14%), and parapharyngeal (8%) spaces. Streptococcus viridans was the most prominent organism 14 (28%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 9(18%) and Staph. aureus 4 (8%). The most effective antibiotic was Ceftriaxone 34(79%) followed by Cefuroxime 30 (70%) and Erythromycin 23(54%). Aerobic organisms were highly sensitive to Cefuroxime (83%) and Ceftriaxone (83%) followed by Erythromycin (48%). Anaerobic organisms were sensitive to Clindamycin (100%), Metronidazole (100%), and Erythromycin (100%) followed by Ceftriaxone (75%). Conclusion: The most frequently isolated organism in deep neck space abscesses were Streptococcus viridans and Staphylococcus aureus and sensitivity results showed the majority of isolates are susceptible to Ceftriaxone and Cefuroxime.

Petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CHCl3), and methanol (CH3OH) extracts of the whole chickpea plant Cicer arietinum (L.) have been tested against adult beetles of Callosobruchus chinensis (L.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) through dose-mortality and repellent activity tests. In dose mortality tests, the PE extracts of C. arietinum gave LD50 values of 3.466, 3.292, 2.721, 2.398, 1.887, 1.663 and 1.428 mg/cm2 against C. chinensis and 4.297, 3.415, 2.246, 1.725, 1.384, 0.984 and 0.722 mg/cm2 against S. oryzae both after 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 h of exposures, respectively. The CHCl3 extracts gave LD50 values of 5.242, 4.844, 3.472, 2.945, 2.540, 1.875, 1.295 and 1.053 mg/cm2 against C. chinensis after 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 h of exposures, respectively. The CH3OH extracts, on the other hand, yielded LD50 values of 0.923, 0.757, 0.649, 0.515, 0.400, 0.303, 0.247 and 0.197 mg/cm2 against C. chinensis, 4.227, 3.528, 3.454, 2.933, 2.493, 2.187, 1.938 and 1.724 mg/cm2 against S. oryzae and 3.485, 3.176, 2.851, 1.531, 1.113, 0.756, 0.534 and 0.478 mg/cm2 against T. castaneum adults after 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 h of exposures, respectively. However, the PE extracts of C. arietinum did not show any mortality against T. castaneum and the CHCl3 extracts were inactive against S. oryzae and T. castaneum adults. In repellency tests, all three organic extracts did not show any repellency against the test beetles. According to their intensity of activities, the extracts could be arranged in the following descending order: CH3OH extracts against C. chinensis > CH3OH extracts against T. castaneum > PE extracts against S. oryzae > CHCl3 extracts against C. chinensis > PE extracts against C. chinensis > CH3OH extracts against S. oryzae adults. The present results indicate that the test plant C. arietinum contains bioactive compounds and could be used as a source of control agents for the stored product pests. J Bio-Sci. 30(1): 91-100, 2022 (June)

Background: Oral cancer is a common neoplasm worldwide which has a increased incidence and mortality rate over the past decades. In spite of skilled surgical and radio therapeutic modalities it is characterized by poor prognosis and a low survival rate. Lymph node metastasis is an important negative prognostic factor in oral cancer. In this study, pattern of cervical lymph node metastasis in oral carcinoma has been described. Such information may contribute to the understanding of oral cancer management plan. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Otolaryngology and Head-Neck surgery department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. The study period was from January 2018 to June 2018. A total of 50 patients were selected by purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by study physician himself. Then these collected data were recorded in structured case report forms. Clinical examination and relevant investigations were done. After planned surgical procedure post operative histopathological reports were collected. All collected questionnaire were checked very carefully. Data were processed and analyzed with the help of computer program SPSS and Microsoft excel. Quantitative data were expressed as mean and standard deviation and qualitative data as frequency and percentage. Comparison were done by tabulation and graphical presentation in the form of tables, pie chart, graphs, bar diagrams, histogram & charts etc. Result: Overall demographic features of 50 patients revealed that, the maximum incidence was seen in the age group 31-50 years (54.0%), mean age of the patient was 49.6 ±9.2 year. Male and female ratio was 4.5:1. In this study most of the tumors were well and moderately differentiated, 34.0% and 62.0% respectively. Aetiology and predisposing factors revealed that the most common were cigarette smoking, betal quid and alcohol consumption, present in 52.0%, 28.0% and 22.0% of patients respectively. Post operative histopathology reports showed that 24 patients (48.0%) had neck node metastasis among which 59.4% were with tumor size >1 cm. Tumors with the depth of invasion >3 mm had a very high risk of metastasis (P

This study tried to identify the factors that have effects on the academic performances of university students in the Sylhet Region. Student’s perceptions were taken to determine the factors affecting academic performance. Independent t-test was used to find out the mean difference of academic results between two groups of students. Results showed that there is a significant difference between male and female students in the case of academic study time and CGPA; as the female students have higher CGPA than male students by utilizing most of the academic study time. To find out the effective factors, the result showed that students who attend class regularly, feel comparatively less academic stress, submit assignments in due time and spend more time for the academic study were found to have higher academic marks compared to others who do not. By assessing other factors, results showed the students coming from the nuclear family got good marks rather than the extended family. Besides, the students having sufficient access to healthy food, satisfied with the current accommodation level had good academic marks, and students who spent more time in unproductive activities got poor marks in academics. Improving these factors would also influence much of the academic success of students., У епоху глобалізації освіта є головною потребою. Освіта дає нам розуміння, а також вдосконалює особистість студентів. Оскільки випускники в майбутньому стануть лідерами, що відповідатимуть за економічний та соціальний розвиток країни, то для них необхідний високий рівень освітніх послуг: формальна інституційна освіта є найбільш важливою, оскільки студенти є головною проблемою навчальних закладів, а без них ці заклади не матимуть ніякої цінності. Отже, видно, що навчальні заклади багато роблять для того, щоб отримати хороший результат від студентів шляхом розвитку їх системи, якості викладання та навчального середовища для загального соціального та економічного розвитку країни. Це дослідження намагалося виявити фактори, які впливають на успішність студентів університетів у регіоні Сілхет. Сприйняття студентів було взято для визначення факторів, що впливають на успішність. Незалежний t-тест був використаний для з’ясування середньої різниці академічних результатів між двома групами студентів. Результати показали, що існує значна різниця між студентами та студентками у випадку академічного часу навчання та CGPA; оскільки студентки мають вищий CGPA, ніж студенти, використовуючи більшу частину академічного навчального часу. Щоб з’ясувати ефективні фактори, результат показав, що студенти, які регулярно відвідують заняття, відчувають порівняно менше академічного стресу, своєчасно подають завдання та проводять більше часу для академічного навчання, мають вищі академічні оцінки порівняно з іншими, які цього не роблять. . Оцінивши інші фактори, результати показали, що студенти, які походять з нуклеарної сім'ї, отримали хороші оцінки, а не розширену сім'ю. Крім того, студенти, які мали достатній доступ до здорової їжі, задоволені нинішнім рівнем проживання, мали хороші академічні оцінки, а студенти, які проводили більше часу в непродуктивній діяльності, отримували погані оцінки в академічних закладах. Поліпшення цих факторів також вплине на значну частину академічного успіху студентів.