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Supplemental material, Supplemental_Table_1_-_rev for First International Consensus on the diagnosis and management of fibromuscular dysplasia by Heather L Gornik (Co-Chair), Alexandre Persu (Co-Chair), David Adlam, Lucas S Aparicio, Michel Azizi, Marion Boulanger, Rosa Maria Bruno, Peter de Leeuw, Natalia Fendrikova-Mahlay, James Froehlich, Santhi K Ganesh, Bruce H Gray, Cathlin Jamison, Andrzej Januszewicz, Xavier Jeunemaitre, Daniella Kadian-Dodov, Esther SH Kim, Jason C Kovacic, Pamela Mace, Alberto Morganti, Aditya Sharma, Andrew M Southerland, Emmanuel Touzé, Patricia van der Niepen, Jiguang Wang, Ido Weinberg, Scott Wilson, Jeffrey W Olin and Pierre-Francois Plouin in Vascular Medicine

Supplemental material, Supplemental_Impact_of_FMD_on_QoL_and_role_of_patient_assoc_final for First International Consensus on the diagnosis and management of fibromuscular dysplasia by Heather L Gornik (Co-Chair), Alexandre Persu (Co-Chair), David Adlam, Lucas S Aparicio, Michel Azizi, Marion Boulanger, Rosa Maria Bruno, Peter de Leeuw, Natalia Fendrikova-Mahlay, James Froehlich, Santhi K Ganesh, Bruce H Gray, Cathlin Jamison, Andrzej Januszewicz, Xavier Jeunemaitre, Daniella Kadian-Dodov, Esther SH Kim, Jason C Kovacic, Pamela Mace, Alberto Morganti, Aditya Sharma, Andrew M Southerland, Emmanuel Touzé, Patricia van der Niepen, Jiguang Wang, Ido Weinberg, Scott Wilson, Jeffrey W Olin and Pierre-Francois Plouin in Vascular Medicine

Supplemental material, Supplemental_Emerging_biomarkers_and_future_directions_final for First International Consensus on the diagnosis and management of fibromuscular dysplasia by Heather L Gornik (Co-Chair), Alexandre Persu (Co-Chair), David Adlam, Lucas S Aparicio, Michel Azizi, Marion Boulanger, Rosa Maria Bruno, Peter de Leeuw, Natalia Fendrikova-Mahlay, James Froehlich, Santhi K Ganesh, Bruce H Gray, Cathlin Jamison, Andrzej Januszewicz, Xavier Jeunemaitre, Daniella Kadian-Dodov, Esther SH Kim, Jason C Kovacic, Pamela Mace, Alberto Morganti, Aditya Sharma, Andrew M Southerland, Emmanuel Touzé, Patricia van der Niepen, Jiguang Wang, Ido Weinberg, Scott Wilson, Jeffrey W Olin and Pierre-Francois Plouin in Vascular Medicine

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: At present, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) criteria used to assess whether a population qualifies for inclusion in the CITES Appendices relate to (A) size of the population, (B) area of distribution of the population, and (C) declines in the size of the population. Numeric guidelines are provided as indicators of a small population (less than 5,000 individuals), a small subpopulation (less than 500 individuals), a restricted area of distribution for a population (less than 10,000 km2), a restricted area of distribution for a subpopula-tion (less than 500 km2), a high rate of decline (a decrease of 50% or more in total within 5 years or two generations whichever is longer or, for a small wild population, a decline of 20% or more in total within ten years or three generations whichever is longer), large fluctuations (population size or area of distribution varies widely, rapidly and frequently, with a variation greater than one order of magnitude), and a short-term fluctuation (one of two years or less).The Working Group discussed several broad issues of relevance to the CITES criteria and guidelines. These included the importance of the historical extent of decline versus the recent rate of decline; the utility and validity of incorporating relative population productivity into decline criteria; the utility of absolute numbers for defining small populations or small areas; the appropriateness of generation times as time frames for examining declines; the importance of the magnitude and frequency of fluctuations as factors affecting risk of extinction; and the overall utility of numeric thresh-olds or guidelines.

This report argues for greatly increased resources in terms of data collection facilities and staff to collect, process, and analyze the data, and to communicate the results, in order for NMFS to fulfill its mandate to conserve and manage marine resources. In fact, the authors of this report had great difficulty defining the "ideal" situation to which fisheries stock assessments and management should aspire. One of the primary objectives of fisheries management is to develop sustainable harvest policies that minimize the risks of overfishing both target species and associated species. This can be achieved in a wide spectrum of ways, ranging between the following two extremes. The first is to implement only simple management measures with correspondingly simple assessment demands, which will usually mean setting fishing mortality targets at relatively low levels in order to reduce the risk of unknowingly overfishing or driving ecosystems towards undesirable system states. The second is to expand existingdata collection and analysis programs to provide an adequateknowledge base that can support higher fishing mortality targets while still ensuring low risk to target and associated species and ecosystems. However, defining "adequate" is difficult, especially when scientists have not even identified all marine species, and information on catches, abundances, and life histories of many target species, and most associated species, is sparse. Increasing calls from the public, stakeholders, and the scientific community to implement ecosystem-based stock assessment and management make it even more difficult to define "adequate," especially when "ecosystem-based management" is itself not well-defined. In attempting to describe the data collection and assessment needs for the latter, the authors took a pragmatic approach, rather than trying to estimate the resources required to develop a knowledge base about the fine-scale detailed distributions, abundances, and associations of all marine species. Thus, the specified resource requirements will not meet the expectations of some stakeholders. In addition, the Stock Assessment Improvement Plan is designed to be complementary to other related plans, and therefore does not duplicate the resource requirements detailed in those plans, except as otherwise noted.

Mathematical models describing the components of predator-prey interactions are reviewed and evaluated, and new equations representing selected aspects of the relationship are proposed. A model of prey selection that distinguishes between predator performance and prey vulnerability is devised and shown to lead to conclusions that may be qualitatively different from those produced using previous methods. The feeding habits of staghorn sculpins (Leptocottus armatus), the extent to which they utilize estuarine habitats and their predatory response to chum salmon fry (Oncorhynchus keta) are examined for the purposes of (i) ascertaining the factors shaping sculpin foraging behaviour and (ii) assessing their potential for limiting survival of juvenile salmon. During periods of fry migration, sculpin populations in the estuaries of Big Qualicum River, Salmon Creek and Rosewall Creek (on Vancouver Island, B. C.) were composed predominantly of small juveniles less than 80 mm in length. Tolerance to waters of low salinity, which decreased with sculpin size, was found to be the major variable governing residence in these areas. There was little evidence that the migration of fry was important in attracting sculpins to estuaries. Sculpins preyed on a wide diversity of fauna concentrating on benthic crustaceans, particularly the amphipod Eogammarus confervicolus. Juveniles were active throughout the day, but feeding became progressively more restricted to periods of low light intensity as they grew. The smallest that captured fry were 40-45 mm in length. When chum fry were offered to starved sculpins in field enclosures, the response of those less than 80 mm in length was type 2 (Holling 1965) whereas that of 80-99 mm sculpins was type 3 (sigmoid). Predation on fry was inversely related to light intensity from dawn to dusk, and positively correlated with' light levels during the night. When benthic invertebrates were added, sculpins exhibited an overall preference for fry, which were 4-5 times more profitable in terms of net energy intake. However, preference for fry declined markedly as their abundance relative to other prey increased, indicating a divergence from the usual predictions of optimal foraging theory. Capture rates by sculpins initially naive to salmon fry increased up to three-fold over 3-5 two hour trials. It is suggested that the foraging strategy of sculpins given a choice between salmonid fry and benthic invertebrates represents a balance between the requirement of minimizing risk of starvation and the need to evade their own predators (particularly birds). The schooling behaviour of fry requires that sculpins, even when experienced, must devote considerable attention to the attack process and in so doing, run the risk of being eaten themselves. The combined effects of the schooling response, which reduces the incentive to attack fry, and a profusion of alternative prey, which decreases average hunger levels, were thought to be responsible for low fry consumption in natural situations. In Big Qualicum River, an estimated 240,000 and 40,500 chum were captured by sculpins in 1979 and 1980, respectively. This represents corresponding percentages of only 0.51% and 0.06% of the fry populations, and was calculated to be less than one-tenth of the potential that could have been realized. Predation rates on coho fry (0. kisutch) were considerably greater, despite a smaller population size. Estimated consumption was 817,700 (42.97%) and 144,000 (9.09%) in 1979 and 1980. Systems where sculpins could consume higher proportions of chum fry populations were identified as small, shallow, warm estuaries of intermediate to high salinity with relatively few suitable benthic invertebrates and small numbers of fry. Recommendations for reducing sculpin predation in such cases are proposed. Birds, particularly Bonaparte's gulls (Larus Philadelphia), were found to be even more avid predators than sculpins on juvenile salmon in Big Qualicum River. In contrast to sculpins, they exhibited pronounced numerical responses to the appearance of fry in the estuary. An estimated 10-25% of the hatchery-reared chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) and 2-4% of the coho were removed by birds in the years 1979-81.