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Background and purposeColorectal cancer is a common fatal malignancy, the fourth most common cancer in men, and the third most common cancer in women worldwide. Timely detection of cancer in its early stages is essential for treating the disease. Currently, there is a lack of datasets for histopathological image segmentation of colorectal cancer, which often hampers the assessment accuracy when computer technology is used to aid in diagnosis.MethodsThis present study provided a new publicly available Enteroscope Biopsy Histopathological Hematoxylin and Eosin Image Dataset for Image Segmentation Tasks (EBHI-Seg). To demonstrate the validity and extensiveness of EBHI-Seg, the experimental results for EBHI-Seg are evaluated using classical machine learning methods and deep learning methods.ResultsThe experimental results showed that deep learning methods had a better image segmentation performance when utilizing EBHI-Seg. The maximum accuracy of the Dice evaluation metric for the classical machine learning method is 0.948, while the Dice evaluation metric for the deep learning method is 0.965.ConclusionThis publicly available dataset contained 4,456 images of six types of tumor differentiation stages and the corresponding ground truth images. The dataset can provide researchers with new segmentation algorithms for medical diagnosis of colorectal cancer, which can be used in the clinical setting to help doctors and patients. EBHI-Seg is publicly available at: https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/EBHI-SEG/21540159/1.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Statistics of 66 RNA-seq datasets and AS events.

Additional file 3. Table S2. Statistics of four major AS events in 66 RNA-seq datasets.

Improving the level of intensive cultivated land use is an important measure to ensure food security and promote the sustainable development of the regional society and economy. Based on data from the statistical yearbook of Maoming City and its counties and districts from 2005 to 2018 and the land use change database of Maoming City for 2018, this study constructed an evaluation index system for four aspects: cultivated land use intensity, cultivated land use degree, cultivated land output benefit and cultivated land sustainable use status. The level of intensive use of cultivated land in Maoming City from 2004 to 2017 was evaluated by AHP, the range method and the comprehensive evaluation model, and its temporal and spatial characteristics were evaluated. The results revealed three major points. (1) The intensive use of cultivated land in Maoming City in the past 14 years was good, and its level showed an overall upward trend, with the intensive use degree of cultivated land rising from 0.4045 in 2004 to 1.3148 in 2017. (2) The levels of intensive use of cultivated land in each county and district of Maoming City were generally on the rise, with no significant differences between them. However, according to the regional distribution, the intensive use level of cultivated land was highest in Maonan District, while it was relatively low in Dianbai County. The largest increase in the level of cultivated land intensive use was in Gaozhou, and the smallest was in Dianbai County. (3) According to the existing problems of cultivated land utilization in Maoming City, combined with the current international and domestic measures to effectively improve the level of intensive use of cultivated land, four suggestions are put forward: to improve the efficiency of cultivated land utilization and effectively protect basic farmland; to improve the overall urban planning and rationally adjust the layout of construction land; to raise farmers' awareness of the intensive use of cultivated land; and to increase agricultural investment and improve agricultural infrastructure.

Most of the research on the flower bud differentiation is based on manual measurement. In this paper, a smart morphological change monitoring system using an automatic non-destructive method for soybean flower bud differentiation is presented. A non-destructive measurement system using multiple cameras to measure the morphological characteristics of soybean flower buds was developed and constructed. An automatic threshold segmentation algorithm (OTSU) was used to segment a flower bud image to obtain a binary image, and the morphological parameters of the flower bud characteristics were obtained. The results demonstrated that the optimal reference plate size in the algorithm was 220×230 pixels, and which can adapt to 60h time matching and the NCC was higher. Compared with the manually measured results, the coefficients of the flower bud area and perimeter obtained by our proposed monitoring system were 0.9611 and 0.8983, respectively. In addition, the relative errors of these values were less than 5.7% and 4.4%, respectively, while the relative accuracy of the measurement system could reach 0.01 mm. It was proved that the real-time monitoring method for flower bud differentiation greatly eases the measuring workload and overcomes the limitations of manual measurements.

Due to the long-term waterflooding, thief zone is widely developed in the mature field. As a result, the oil production drops and the water cut rises sharply. As an effective technology to extend the economic life of mature fields, in-depth profile control can fully exploit the remaining oil and improve oil recovery. The decision-making of well selection is key to in-depth profile control measures in the oilfield. In order to solve this problem, we build several indicator sets to measure the need of in-depth profile control for the well candidates. Then we propose a projection pursuit clustering model for well candidates and use the gravitational search algorithm to find the optimal projection direction. Finally, the coefficient for decision-making is obtained based on the optimal projection direction and the technology of well candidates selection in in-depth profile control is established. We apply this method to Bei 301 block of Hailar and the prediction results are compared with the fuzzy synthesis decision-making method. The result shows that the well candidates in Bei 301 block of Hailar are divided into two categories according to their own characteristics in the projection pursuit process, that is, four wells need to take in-depth profile control measures in the nine well candidates. In the previous research, decision-making of well selection in in-depth profile control is almost based on fuzzy synthetic decision-making. In that method, the weight of indicators is determined artificially, featuring subjective nature. However, the method used for decision-making in this paper is based on the feature of well candidates and relatively objective compared with the previous method. The program execution time for these two methods shows that the one proposed in this study is more efficient and accurate. The method adopted in this study solves the artificial weighting problem in the current well selection decision-making and makes the result more objective, which can provide better guidance for the decision-making of well selection in in-depth profile control and extend the economic life of mature fields.

Obese mice exhibited more lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and milder lung injury after Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection. However, it remained unclear whether the spleen contributed to the effect of obese mice with infection. The study was purposed to reveal the histopathological changes of the spleen caused by oxidative stress and inflammation in diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice challenged by Escherichia coli. After infection, the spleen tissues were obtained in normal and DIO mice at 0 h (uninfected), 12 h, 24 h, and 72 h postinfection. Results revealed that DIO mice have higher contents of resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the spleen than normal mice and lower concentrations of GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT and higher MDA than normal mice. After an intranasal drip of E. coli, the activities of GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT in the DIO mice were elevated and the content of MDA declined. The activities of SOD and CAT in the normal mice declined, and the content of MDA was elevated. Moreover, the contents of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the spleen declined in DIO mice at 24 and 72 h, although the contents of leptin, resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were elevated at 12 h. The contents of resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were elevated in normal mice at 12 and 24 h. Those results indicated that obesity elevated splenic oxidation and inflammatory levels, but it enhanced antioxidant capacity and reduced cytokine levels of the spleen in mice to resist splenic injury after an intranasal drip of E. coli.

Well placement optimization is a complex and time-consuming task. An efficient and robust algorithm can improve the optimization efficiency. In this work, we propose a meta-optimized hybrid cat swarm mesh adaptive direct search (O-CSMADS) algorithm for well placement optimization. By coupling Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) algorithm, Mesh Adaptive Direct Search (MADS) algorithm, and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) meta-optimization approach, O-CSMADS has global search ability and local search ability. We perform detailed comparisons of optimization performances between O-CSMADS, hybrid cat swarm mesh adaptive direct search (CSMADS) algorithm, CSO, and MADS in three different examples. Results show that O-CSMADS algorithm outperforms stand-alone CSO, MADS, and CSMADS. Besides, optimal controlling parameters are not same for different problems, which indicates that the optimization of algorithmic parameters is necessary. The proposed method also shows great potential for other petroleum engineering optimization problems, such as well type optimization and joint optimization of well placement and control.

Polyacrylamide (PAM)-based inorganic hybrid materials are of great potential as flocculants in soil-liquid separation. Herein, we reported the design of inorganic soil-TiO 2 -PAM hybrid materials using a unique process, which involved coating of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles on the surface of inorganic soils and subsequent polymerization of acrylamide (AM) on these nanoparticles under visible light. Inorganic soils including kaolin, bentonite, montmorillonite and diatomaceous earth were used to control the volume and to reduce the cost, and the TiO 2 nanoparticles accelerated PAM degradation. The nanoparticles initiated AM polymerization directly under visible light, thus providing a facile strategy for the synthesis of new organic-inorganic hybrid flocculants. The obtained hybrid materials were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The degradation of PAM initiated by UV irradiation exceeded 24% in 2 h, depending on its initial concentration.

In recent years, numerous studies have focused on biodegradable biomass-derived materials for packaging applications. To improve the mechanical and barrier properties, biodegradable hemicellulose extracted from bagasse pith blend films containing poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were elaborated by casting method in this study. A series of blend films at a PVA/hemicellulose weight ratio of 4:1 under the addition of sorbitol and urea were investigated. Influences of the sorbitol and urea amounts on the packaging properties of blend films were analyzed. Results showed that increasing the sorbitol amount led to a decrease in tensile strength and OP, and an increase in elongation at break, contact angle and WVP, While the urea amount led to a decrease in WVP and OP, and an increase in tensile strength, elongation at break and contact angle. The addition of 1.5 % urea in blend films without sorbitol had a positive impact on improving the moisture barrier performance and oxygen barrier properties of blend films，the values of PV and OP were 4.13×10-13·g·cm/cm2·s·Pa and 0.08×10-4·cm3/m·24h·0.1MPa, respectively. Moreover, FTIR and XRD were used to confirm the compatibility of the PVA and hemicellulose components. FTIR analysis displayed the intensity of hydroxyl groups of blend films became stronger with increasing amounts of sorbitol, while the opposite results were obtained with an increase of the amount of urea. These indicated that sorbitol could improve the miscibility between PVA and hemicellulose, and urea could improve the moisture barrier performance of blend films. This study shows potential applications of biopolymer extracted from agriculture and forestry biomass as future barrier packaging films.

Citric acid—neopentylene glycol—citric acid (CNC) triblock claw molecule as a fuel additive was applied as a diesel fuel low-temperature flow improver. Some of the other molecules—such as stearic acid and hexadecyl alcohol—are trapped with the above-synthesized claw molecule. The claw molecule, which is hydrophilic before the other molecules trapped into the suitable sites of the claw molecule, becomes soluble in diesel fuel. The claw molecule structure was further confirmed by 1H NMR and IR spectra. The cold filter plugging point of diesel of adding the claw molecule was measured and discussed. The experimental results showed that the newly developed low-temperature flow improver has a good sensibility to diesel of different batches and different composition. When dosage is 600 μg/g, the reduction value of cold filter plugging point is up to 6 units.

青色光を対象として，LEDと蛍光灯のもとでキクの伸長成長量がどのような影響を受けるのかを調べ，これらの光源を同等と扱ってよいかどうかを検討した．その結果，LED区では一日あたりの伸長成長量が15.2 mmであるのに対してLEDでは8.8 mmであり，両者間には有意な差(p＜0.01)が認められた．この原因を探るため，545 nmの緑色LEDを用いて青色蛍光灯のスペクトルとよく似たスペクトルの光環境を創り，その光質のもとでキクを栽培した場合と青色LEDのみで栽培した場合とで伸長成長量を比較したところ，545 nmの緑色光を付加した実験区では青色LED単独よりも伸長成長量が抑制され，高度に有意な差が認められた．これらのことより，青色蛍光灯および青色LEDの環境下で行なった実験結果は同等zではないことが明らかとなった．

The effect of light quality, light intensity and photoperiod on stem elongation of chrysanthemum was studied using an image processing technique. The plant stem and internode elongation was higher in the dark than in the light, and the growth of chrysanthemum was promoted in dark period. The effect of light quality was more significant than that of light intensity and photoperiod on the growth of chrysanthemum. The growth of chrysanthemum was inhibited under blue light, and the relative elongation rate of internodes decreased with increasing intensity of blue light and irradiation duration. Chrysanthemum growth is regulated by the light condition during irradiation. This system is useful to build a model to describe the stem elongation relative to light condition for chrysanthemum, and to suggest effective production method with substitutes for chemical growth regulators.

本研究では, キク (Dendranthema × grandiflorum cv. “Reagan”) を対象として, 光環境の変化が節間伸長量に与える影響について調べた結果, 以下の知見を得た.1. 一日あたりの節間伸長量を100%とし, 明期, 暗期, 光中断期のそれぞれの時間帯での成長量を時間当たりに変換した相対伸長速度(%/hour)という概念を導入して, 一日のプロフィールを調べたところ, 暗期は約6%/hour, 明期および光中断期は約3%/hourという値となり, 供試植物では暗期に伸長成長が促進されることが明らかとなった.2. 暗期に節間伸長が促進されるという傾向は, 20%L (節間成長が停止した時点を100%Lとした指標) ステージを除いたほとんどのステージにおいて, この傾向が変わらないことが判明した.3. これらの知見より, 光中断期(22:20～2:20)とそれに続く暗期(2:20～6:20)の長さの調節による光環境制御によって, 伸長成長量をコントロールできる可能性が示唆された.

Since there exist significant time delays in the data of phasor measurement unit (PMU) and wide-area measurement system (WAMS), to evaluate their impact is very important for power system online stability assessment and controller design in the wide-area environment. In this paper, we use Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality (LMI) method to analyze the impact of time delays on power system stability. An improved delay-dependent stability criterion for power system stability analysis with multiple time delays is presented. Based on Lyapunov-Krasovskii theory, a proper Lyapunov functional is firstly constructed. And, in deduction of its derivative function along the system trajectory, some necessary slack variables are introduced so as to reduce the method conservativeness. Then the derivative function is expressed as a set of linear matrix inequalities, which can be easily solved with LMI toolboxes in Matlab or Scilab. Finally, a typical two-dimension time-delayed system and WSCC 3-generator-9-bus system with two time delays are employed to validate the method effectiveness. It is revealed that the presented method is correct, effective and with less conservativeness. Work of this paper is helpful for power system stability assessment and control with considering time delays under wide-area environment.

In order to maintain system security at an acceptable level and retain as much transmission line capacity as possible, autoreclosure technique offers an attractive solution to the problem. For a 750 kV transmission line, the problem of overvoltage is especially concerned. Therefore the reclosure strategy of 750 kV transmission lines should consider the effect of overvoltage. Based on the theoretical analysis, the paper researches the operating procedures of tripping and closing, the time interval of reclosure. What's more, a novel single-phase reclosure scheme has been proposed as well, which can effectively restraint the influences of overvoltage. Simulation tests show that the proposed technique is of benefit to secure operation and power supply of 750 kV transmission lines.

It is essential to protect the shunt reactors of EHV/UHV transmission line in the power system. The conventional protection of shunt reactors is not sufficiently sensitive to detect the turn-to-turn fault. In this paper, by analyzing the characters of negative sequence power direction in various fault cases, a novel protection scheme for shunt reactors is proposed. The presented technique is valid to distinguish internal faults of shunt reactors from external faults and some other operation states. EMTP simulations and tests show that the negative sequence power direction relay is valid and sensitive to detect different kinds of faults.