Search

Additional file 4: Fig. S2. GO enrichment analysis of DE-lncRNA trans-target genes.

Additional file 6.

Additional file 7: Fig. S3. KEGG enrichment analysis of DE-lncRNA trans-target genes.

Additional file 11.

Additional file 11: Table S3. Primers used for qRT–PCR and incubation.

Additional file 3.

Additional file 8.

Additional file 5.

Additional file 7.

Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Identification results of new lncRNA.

Additional file 4.

Additional file 9.

Additional file 1.

Additional file 10: Table S2. Primers used for cloning.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Quality inspection of transcriptome data.

Additional file 10.

The thermal conductivity of compacted graphite cast iron (CGI) after creep test (temperature ranging from 350 °C to 550 °C; stress ranging from 40 to 150 MPa) was measured at different testing temperatures (200 °C to 550 °C) in an argon atmosphere. The thermal conductivity increased slightly when the creep temperature increased from 350 °C to 500 °C under 150 MPa and then decreased dramatically when the creep temperature surpassed 500 °C. When the creep temperature was 550 °C, the thermal conductivity initially decreased slightly, and then decreased dramatically when the stress surpassed 100 MPa. Crack propagation was the main cause of the decrease in the thermal conductivity, which was related to interphase debonding between the graphite and matrix, and grain boundary sliding. Interphase debonding was related to the creep temperature and stress. Compared to the creep stress, the creep temperature played an important role in the interphase debonding between the graphite and matrix.

Natural zeolite was modified using metal ions, including magnesium(II), aluminum(III) and titanium(IV). The modified zeolite was then used as an adsorbent for the investigation of the adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic parameters of fluoride ions in wastewater at various pHs and temperatures. The kinetics and thermodynamics for the removal of the fluoride ions onto the modified zeolite have also been investigated. The fluoride ion adsorption capacity of the three types of modified zeolites exhibited an increase, then decrease, with rising pH. The fluoride adsorption capacity of the modified zeolites decreased with an increase in temperature. The pseudo-second-order model is more suitable for describing the adsorption kinetic data than the pseudo-first-order model for modified zeolite and the adsorption process of the fluoride ions reveals pseudo-second-order kinetic behavior, respectively. It was found that the adsorption equilibrium data fit the Freundlich isothermal equation better than that of the Langmuir isothermal and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isothermal equations. Thermodynamic analysis suggests that the negative values of ΔG0 and ΔH0 further indicate that the fluoride adsorption process is both spontaneous and exothermic. The results of competitive adsorption tests suggest that the modified metal zeolite materials adsorb fluoride ions with high selectivity.

TGF-β receptors play important roles in mediating TGF-β signals during gonadal development. To identify the functions of TGF-β receptors, including the type I receptor (activin receptor-like kinase 5, ALK5) and type II receptor (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2, BMPR2), during the gonadal development of S. prenanti, the full-length cDNA sequences of ALK5 and BMPR2 were isolated and characterized. Their expression patterns in developing gonads and in the gonads of exogenous estradiol (E2) -fed fish were analyzed. The cDNAs of ALK5 and BMPR2 were 1925 bp and 3704 bp in length and encoded 501 and 1070 amino acid residues, respectively. ALK5 and BMPR2 were mostly expressed in gonads, particularly in cortical alveoli stage ovaries and mid-spermatogenic stage testes, however, the overall level of BMPR2 mRNA was higher than that of ALK5 during gonadal development. Furthermore, immunohistochemical signals of ALK5 and BMPR2 were mostly detected at chromatin nucleolar oocytes and perinuclear oocytes in ovaries and at spermatocytes and spermatogonia in testes. Exogenous E2 induces the gonadal expression of ALK5 and BMPR2, and BMPR2 is more responsive to E2 than ALK5. These results suggest that ALK5 and BMPR2 might play a potentially vital role in both folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis in S. prenanti.

Pareuchiloglanis sichuanensis is an endemic fish species in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of P. sichuanensis was analyzed. The mitochondrial genome, consisting of 16,774 base pairs (bp), included 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and a non-coding control region. The phylogenetic tree showed that P. sichuanensis was closely related to P. anteanalis. These results provid the useful information for further studies on taxonomic status, molecular systematics, and stock evaluation.

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly restricted human activities, and wild species are seemingly thriving in human-dominated areas. However, we have little understanding of the consequences for biodiversity from governmental policies and socioeconomic changes in response to COVID-19, and their conservation significance. Understanding these impacts is a priority for setting effective conservation management in a post-COVID-19 world. Here, we identify putative positive and negative effects of the pandemic on biodiversity. We also highlight consequences that need to be mitigated and others that provided insight into policies to promote biodiversity conservation. To avoid further pandemics and protect human health, local governments should consider biodiversity conservation as a core value and strengthen conservation efforts. In addition, global wildlife trade ban and maintenance of the wildlife’s intact habitats are urgently required.

Siva1, which induces extensive apoptosis, has been well characterized. To elucidate the molecular function of Siva1 in ricefield eel, molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis were performed, and the mRNA expression in the ovary at different developmental stages and ovary tissues exposed to H2O2 and Z-VAD-FMK in vitro were also evaluated. The results indicated that ricefield eel Siva1 was highly conserved and contains three conserved motifs, despite 83 amino acid differences upstream of the initiation codon. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that ricefield eel Siva1 clusters together with the Siva1 protein of the other fish, with high sequence homology with that of Lates calcarifer. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed high siva1 expression levels in the ovary and low expression levels in the liver. The higher mRNA levels of siva1 were detected in the IE and IM, and the lower siva1 mRNA levels were found in the OM, IL, and TE during gonadal development. Additionally, siva1 expression levels in the ovarian tissues were significantly increased at 1 h post incubation (hpi) with H2O2 and then significantly decreased at 2 hpi; however, siva1 expression was upregulated significantly at 4 and 8 hpi, similar to the patterns observed with caspase3, which was used as a molecular marker of apoptosis. Moreover, the siva1 mRNAs were elevated significantly than that in control groups at 1 hpi, but the expression of siva1 was down-regulated dramatically at 2, 4, and 8 hpi, which were similar with that of caspase3 expression profiles after Z-VAD-FMK incubation. What’s more, Pearson’s correlation coefficients showed strongly positive relationships between siva1 and caspase3. These findings suggest that Siva1 plays an important apoptosis role in gonadal development of ricefield eel.

Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) plays pivotal roles in regulating follicular development in many mammalian species. In the present study, the full-length Schizothorax prenanti gdf9 cDNA sequence was isolated and characterized, and its expression pattern in developing gonads and in the gonads of exogenous oestradiol (E2)-fed fish were analysed. The S. prenanti gdf9 cDNA sequence consisted of 1958 base pairs (bp), encoded a 413 amino acid, and showed high sequence similarity with Carassius gibelio and Cyprinus carpio. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that gdf9 was mainly expressed in the gonads, with particularly high expression in the cortical alveoli stage ovary and late-spermatogenic stage testis. Immunohistochemical signals for Gdf9 were mainly detected in chromatin nucleolar oocytes, spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Furthermore, the gonadal expression of gdf9 induced by exogenous E2 was related to the feeding time and dose. Taken together, these findings were helpful to gain a better understanding of the role of Gdf9 in both folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis in S. prenanti.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Changes in the body mass of the Whimbrels at Moreton Bay (red circles) and Roebuck Bay (blue circles) during the nonbreeding period.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Stopover sites used by the Whimbrels from MB (Moreton Bay) and RB (Roebuck Bay) during northward and southward migration. Table S2. Results of linear mixed model testing for the effect of overall stopover duration (Rstopover duration) and travel speed (Rtravelled speed) on the overall migration speed (Rmigration speed) of Whimbrels. Table S3. Distance and duration of the first-leg flights during northward migration of shorebirds in Australia and New Zealand. Table S4. Migration parameters (means) of Whimbrels in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway (EAAF, nonbreeding at Moreton Bay (MB) and Roebuck Bay (RB) in Australia), the Eurasian-Africa Flyway (breeding in Iceland), and the America Flyway (breeding in Manitoba, Canada).

The proteins P53 and Mdm2 (murine double minute 2) play a prominent role in preventing the induction of uncontrolled apoptosis in numerous cell types. To better understand their potential roles during gonadal development in Monopterus albus, p53 and mdm2 homologues were isolated and characterized, and their mRNA expression patterns in developing gonadal and ovarian tissue incubated with H2O2 in vitro were analysed. The open reading frames (ORFs) of p53 and mdm2 consisted of 1125 and 1497 base pairs (bp), respectively. A multiple amino acid residue alignment analysis showed that p53 and Mdm2 harboured the typical conserved domains of their gene families. Phylogenetic analysis also demonstrated that the Mdm2 of M. albus exhibited high sequence similarity with Lates calcarifer; however, the p53 sequences of the Neoteleostei, including M. albus, were distinct from those of the Euteleostei and other vertebrates. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that p53 and mdm2 were mainly expressed in the ovary; their expression was significantly increased in the previtellogenic stage, was maintained at the increased level thereafter, showed a second increase in the early intersexual stage, and then decreased with the natural sex change from female to male. After incubation with H2O2, the expression patterns of p53 and mdm2 in ovarian fragments were similar to that of the apoptotic molecular marker caspase3, showing a significant increase at 1 h post incubation (hpi), a decrease after 2 hpi, and then a return to significantly upregulated levels at 4 hpi and 8 hpi. In addition, p53, mdm2 and caspase3 were strongly correlated. These results will be useful for further studies on the function and regulation of p53 and Mdm2 during gonadal development in Monopterus albus, particularly in the ovary.

There are 1,372 bird species, including 77 endemic species in China. The over-exploitation of resources, habitat loss, fragmentation, and environmental pollution challenges the conservation of Chi- nese birds. In order to comprehensively evaluate the status of threatened birds in China, the Red List of Vertebrates (Bird) in China, supported by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Re- public of China, was initiated. According to IUCN red list criteria, this evaluation was accomplished by 27 researchers following the steps: confirm the evaluated species, data collection, preliminary evalua- tion, preliminary check, interactive check and finalization. Our evaluation demonstrated that three spe- cies (white stork Ciconia ciconia, siberian spruce grouse Falcipennis falcipennis, and sarus crane Grus antigone) are characterized as Regionally Extinct (RE), 15 species among them are Critically Endan- gered (CR), 51 species are Endangered (EN), 80 species are Vulnerable (VU), 190 species are Near Threatened (NT), 876 species are characterized as of Least Concern (LC), and 157 species are Data De- ficient (DD). Overall, 146 bird species (10.6% of the birds of China) were threatened (including CR, EN, and VU), and of these, 29 endemic species (37.7%) were listed as threatened. The proportion of

T-shaped equal channel angular pressing (T-shaped ECAP) is a novel process of severe plastic deformation (SPD). The maximum effective strain per pass in the T-shaped ECAP is larger than that in the ECAP. Deformation models of the T-shaped ECAP have been proposed by a designed grids deformation experiment considering the deformation dead zone (DDZ) formation or without it. Based on the deformation models, an upper bound approach has been used to analyse the T-shaped ECAP process. The effects of the plastic deformation zone (PDZ) angles and the friction factor on the relative pressing pressure and the DDZ are analysed. It is found that the relative pressing pressure increases with an increase of the angle and the friction factor m, however, the DDZ decreases. The upper bound solution for the T-shaped ECAP with the DDZ is more close to the experimental load than that without the DDZ. The results show that there is a good agreement between the theoretical value and the measured maximum load required for the T-shaped ECAP conducting.

Following the closure of the Saemangeum seawall in South Korea in 2006 the Yalu jiang National Nature Reserve, Liaoning, China became the most important staging site in the EAAF for Great Knots Calidris tenuirostris on northward migration. Biomass of their main bivalve prey species Potomacorbula laevis at Yalu jiang NNR has decreased greatly in recent years and in 2015 some tagged Great Knots moved to Gaizhou at the head of Liaodong Bay, northern Bohai. Our surveys of this previously unknown site show that it is of international important for Great Knots as well as four other shorebirds and two gulls, however it is threatened by development. The discovery of this site highlights the value of continued satellite tagging of shorebirds to locate key staging sites and understand how birds respond to habitat loss and degradation.

During the high-tide period, shorebirds that forage on intertidal flats move to sites known as high-tide roosts, which play an important role in their survival. Understanding how shorebirds use high-tide roosts at stopover sites is crucial for their effective conservation and management. As there is a lack of natural roosting habitats along much of the Chinese coast of the northern Yellow Sea, shorebirds have to use aquaculture pond banks. During northward migration in 2014, we investigated the preference of migrating shorebirds for six physical characteristics of pond banks that function as high-tide roosts at Yalu Jiang Estuary Wetlands National Nature Reserve, a key stopover site for migratory shorebirds. We found that shorebirds showed a preference for long banks with little vegetation cover for high tide roosts in aquaculture ponds. This information can be used to guide management for migrating shorebirds that use artificial habitat as high-tide roosts.

A series of alkali-soluble resins were prepared from esterification reaction of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) and four fatty alcohols having different alkyl chains. The critical aggregates concentration of the prepared hemiester was lower than SMA, indicating that modification of SMA resin with long alkyl chains could improve their emulsification efficiency. The detailed experiments of emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate using these hemiesters as sole surfactants showed that SMA-C12-75, SMA-C14-70, and SMA-C16-65 were good surfactants. In the end, we successfully prepared stable latexes using above three good surfactants with relatively low surfactant concentration and high solid content. Characterization of latexes by Zetasizer and transmission electron microscopy revealed that particles of these latexes have core-shell nanostructure with average particle size below 60 nm. Compared with SMA, the improvement of emulsification efficiency of its hemiesters may come from the better hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and steric stabilization after incorporation of long alkyl chain. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013

The hydrothermal method was used to dope different amounts of Co2+, Mn2+, and Cu2+ in nano-nickel zinc ferrite powder. X-ray diffraction (XRD), a scanning electron microscopy (TEM), and a vector network analyzer (VNA) were used to explore the influence of doping on particle size, morphology, and electromagnetic wave absorption performance. Pure nanometer cobalt nickel zinc ferrite phase was prepared using the hydrothermal method with an increasing Co2+ content. Results showed that the grain type structure changed from a spherical structure to an irregular quadrilateral structure with the average particle size increasing from 35 nm to 60 nm. The lattice constant increased from 0.8352 to 0.8404 nm with Co2+ doping. The increasing Co2+ can change the position of the absorption peak, increase the bandwidth of the absorber, and improve the performance of the materials in GHz low frequency. The doping ratio of Mn2+ can affect the size of the lattice constant, but nanocrystals are easy to reunite without improving the electromagnetic loss. However, the absorbance performance decreases. For the doping of Cu2+, there is an agglomeration phenomenon. When the doping quantity is 0.15, the absorbing wave performance becomes better.

One-dimensional TiO2:xSm3+ microfibers and microbelts were prepared by electrospinning. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), photoluminescence (PL), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and polarized luminescence measurements were performed to characterize these TiO2:xSm3+ microfibers and microbelts. SEM and HRTEM results indicate that TiO2:xSm3+ microfibers calcined at different temperature are belt-like. The average width and thickness of TiO2:xSm3+ microbelts calcined at 700 °C is about 1.0 and 0.4 μm, respectively. Under ultraviolet excitation (λex = 330 nm) and commercial 365 nm UV lamp excitation, these TiO2:xSm3+ microbelts show intense 4G5/2 → 6H5/2,7/2,9/2 emissions of Sm3+ ions. Polarized luminescence measurement confirms that the luminescence of single TiO2:xSm3+ microbelt is linear polarization.

The wetland in Chongming Dongtan, China is an important stopover site for migratory shorebirds along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. The high-abundance macrobenthos in Chongming Dongtan allow migratory birds to refuel during the stopover. This study analyzed the distribution and density of macrobenthos in the intertidal zone. Results showed that the macrobenthos mainly consisted of gastropods, bivalves, polychaetes, crustaceans and insect larvae. The density of gastropods [(2805 ± 360) ind./m 2 ] was the highest, accounting for up to 80% of the total macrobenthos density. Meanwhile, bivalves [(51.4 ± 7.8) g/m 2 ] and gastropods [(38.7 ± 5.1) g/m 2 ] together accounted for more than 90% of the total biomass. On the other hand, there were significant differences in the distribution of macrobenthos among different intertidal zones. Gastropods were mainly confined to the Scirpus zones, and bivalves to the outer Scirpus zone and the muddy and sandy flats. In terms of the spatial distribution of density, the gastropod density was higher in the north but lower in the south. However, no significant difference was found in the density and biomass of macrobenthos groups between spring and autumn, except that the density of bivalves in autumn was significantly higher than that in spring ( P

The consolidation process was discussed by using finite element analysis (FEA) in SCS–6SiC/Ti–6Al–4V composite fabricated by means of fiber coating method. With consolidation time and temperature changing, the effect of Ti–6Al–4V creep property on the matrix stress distribution was analyzed. The results indicated that the magnitude of matrix stress decreased remarkably and should be more close to the practical consolidation process when taking the effect of matrix creep property into account. In addition, the more time and the higher temperature the consolidation process took, the more obvious the effect of matrix creep property on the consolidation was. The selection of consolidation parameter such as time and temperature could be based on the simulation results.

In the course of preparation of titanium matrix composite by fiber-coating method, it is one of the important procedures to deposit titanium alloy onto SiC fiber. In our experiment, SiC fiber was coated with Ti–6Al–4V by magnetron sputtering. And then the coating was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The coating whose composition is consistent with the target material, and whose thickness is uniform, has (001) texture preferred orientation. In addition, deposition rate, dimension of crystallites and surficial morphology are changed with sputtering parameters.

Chongming Island, the third largest island in China and the largest alluvial island in the world, is situated in the north of Shanghai Municipality at the mouth of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River. Along the fertile and prosperous sea coast there are a total area of over 120×103ha, with a population of 735 000, accruing some 500ha of new tidal land resources come from silt, sand and mud carried by the Changjiang River every year, extending about 140m per year. This dynamic process of alluvial growth has run for some 1500 years. Mudflat on Chongming Island at the mouth of the Changjiang River is a resting ground for migratory birds and host more than a hundred species, including rare cranes and geese. But the local people keep reclaiming the tidal land for economic development. Obviously, it is crucial to have a well-concerted plan for future exploitation. In this study, we attempted to investigate the status changes of land use and wild life habitats on Chongming Island in recent 10 years, and then analyzed different human activities and their effects on wild life habitats using satellite image data (1990, 1997 and 2000) as well as field survey. Based on the analysis, this study explored the relationships between island growth and land use/cover change (LUCC), predicted what the habitat would be like in the future and tried to find more effective use of this new growing resource. At last, this study provided some preliminary management plans for Chongming Island that will coordinate the development of local economies and the conservation of wild life and their habitats.

Battlefield damaged equipment repair ordering is a key problem in equipment maintenance support decision-making during wartime. The model of battlefield damaged equipment repair ordering was established by analyzing the factors affecting repair ordering and classifying those factors in detail according to the theory and method of MADM. Thus the objective information of battlefield damaged equipment and the subjective information of weights given by decision-makers were integrated. Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution was used to order for repairing battlefield damaged equipments. An example could illustrate the solution process. It is efficiently to solve the problem of battlefield damaged equipment repair ordering, and also provides a basis for equipment support decision-making.

Additional file 1: Table S1. A summary of information on catching sites, deployment dates, number and type of deployed transmitters for both far eastern curlew and whimbrel. Fig. S1. The distribution of ground speed measurements acquired by the transmitters for far eastern curlew and whimbrel. Fig. S2. Relationships between atmospheric conditions at the actual flight altitude of far eastern curlew and whimbrel. Table S2. Atmospheric conditions at the actual flight altitude of far eastern curlew and whimbrel during northbound and southbound migration. Table S3. Effects of atmospheric conditions and altitude on far eastern curlew’s and whimbrel’s flight altitude selection as estimated using conditional logistic mixed effect modelling.

Additional file 1: Table S1. A summary of information on catching sites, deployment dates, number and type of deployed transmitters for both far eastern curlew and whimbrel. Fig. S1. The distribution of ground speed measurements acquired by the transmitters for far eastern curlew and whimbrel. Fig. S2. Relationships between atmospheric conditions at the actual flight altitude of far eastern curlew and whimbrel. Table S2. Atmospheric conditions at the actual flight altitude of far eastern curlew and whimbrel during northbound and southbound migration. Table S3. Effects of atmospheric conditions and altitude on far eastern curlew’s and whimbrel’s flight altitude selection as estimated using conditional logistic mixed effect modelling.