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100 rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) modeling groups. The sham group after surgery was observed for 14 days. After MCAO, some rats received isometric contraction training (ICT) which was as follows: an atraumatic tourniquet was placed around left or right hind limb to achieve hind limb ischemia for 5 min, followed by 5 min of reperfusion, 4 cycles for one time, once a day, and five days per week. The MCAO modeling groups included the following four groups: i) a group only received MCAO, and was observed for seven days (MCAO-7d), ii) a group only received MCAO, and was observed for 14 days (MCAO-14d), iii) a group, after MCAO, received ICT for seven days (ICT-7d), and iv) a group, after MCAO, received ICT for 14 days (ICT-14d). Brain infarct area, behavioral outcomes, the number of neurons, apoptosis, cerebral edema and cerebral water content were assessed, respectively. The mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was assayed with RT-PCR, and protein expression of VEGF was quantified with western blot. compared with MCAO controls, cerebral infarction, neurological deficits and neuronal apoptosis were reduced significantly in the ICT groups, while the number of neurons was increased. Moreover, the mRNA expression of VEGF and protein expression of VEGF were enhanced after 1 and 2 weeks of ICT. ICT may promote angiogenesis and neuroprotection after ischemic stroke and this new remodeling method provide a novel strategy for rehabilitation of stroke patients.

Introduction: The treatment of extra-articular distal tibia fractures is a difficult challenge. Minimally invasive plating osteosynthesis (MIPO) and intramedullary nailing (IMN) are satisfactory extra-articular distal tibia fractures. The optimal surgical treatment for extra-articular distal tibia fractures remains controversial. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the clinical and functional outcomes of patients with extra-articular distal tibia fractures treated with MIPO or IMN. Methods: For this retrospective study, a total of 266 patients with closed extra-articular distal metaphysis (AO type 43-A) or closed distal tibial fracture (AO type 42) were enrolled and included; 110 patients were treated with MIPO, and 156 patients underwent IMN. Results: There was no significant difference in the primary operation union rate, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle surgery (AOFAS) score, deep surgical site infection or malalignment between the MIPO and IMN groups. However, there was a longer operation time, more prospective times, more intraoperative blood loss and more frequent anterior knee pain in the IMN groups than that in the MIPO group. There was a significantly shorter time to union in the IMN group than that in the MIPO group (138.8±11.0 vs. 153.5±17.1 days, P < 0.05) and a lower superficial surgical site infection in the IMN group than that in the MIPO group (1.9% vs. 8.2%, P < 0.05). Conclusions: We found that extra-articular distal tibia fractures can be treated satisfactorily with IMN or MIPO. Poller blocking screws have a main role in improving the efficacy of IMN. For patients with poor basic physical conditions or knee pain before fracture, MIPO is preferred to treat extra-articular distal tibia fractures. Whereas, for patients with poor local soft tissue conditions, IMN was recommended as a first choice.

Objective: Delirium is a common postoperative complication in elderly patients with intertrochanteric femur fracture. This study aimed at analyzing risk factors for postoperative delirium (POD) in patients after proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA). Methods: From February 2017 to February 2021, we included elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures who underwent PFNA. The predictive ability and cut-off value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for POD were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate the association between NLR and POD. Results: We enrolled 315 patients. The ROC curve suggested that NLR ≥ 4.85 was the optimal cut-off value for POD. The POD and non-POD groups differed significantly in age, diabetes, time from injury to operation, preoperative albumin level, neutrophil count, and NLR (P < 0.05). Logistic regression indicated that NLR ≥ 4.85 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.491; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.731-5.982; P < 0.001), old age (OR = 1.921; 95% CI: 1.267-4.125; P < 0.001), time from injury to operation ≥ 48 h (OR = 1.733; 95% CI: 1.212-3.542; P = 0.007), and preoperative albumin level ≤ 35 g/L (OR = 2.274; 95% CI: 1.662-4.846; P = 0.001) increased the risk of POD. Conclusion: Old age, time from injury to operation ≥ 48 h, preoperative albumin level ≤ 35 g/L, and NLR ≥ 4.85 were independent risk factors for POD. Thus, NLR may predict POD in elderly patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures after PFNA.

ObjectiveTension band wiring and proximal ulnar plate fixation are commonly used fixation methods for olecranon fractures. However, they may not be suitable for repairing proximal olecranon avulsion fractures. In this study, we present a novel fixation technique for the treatment of proximal avulsion fractures, which is a T-shaped plate combined with a wire.Materials and methodsBetween March 2016 and May 2020, surgery was performed on 16 patients with proximal olecranon avulsion fractures by using a T-shaped plate combined with a wire fixation at our hospital. The parameters followed were fracture healing time, elbow range of motion (ROM), related functional scores (the Mayo score and the DASH score), and complications related to internal fixation.ResultsThe average follow-up period was 17 (14–21) months and fractures had healed in all patients included in the study, with an average fracture union of 9.25 (8–12) weeks. No patient reported fixation failure, serious infection, or revision surgery. The average ROM of the elbow joint was 123° (120–135°). The Mayo score was excellent in 11 patients and good in 5. The average DASH score was 17.75 (12–24).ConclusionOlecranon avulsion fractures were fixed with a T-shaped steel plate combined with a steel wire, which can be used for early functional exercise and for achieving good final functional results. This method can provide stable fixation, especially in elderly patients with osteoporosis.

Background and aimThe Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a dietary index developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to determine whether a diet adheres to US dietary guidelines. Soluble Klotho (S-Klotho) is a protein with essential anti-aging properties. However, whether HEI is linked to S-Klotho plasma levels is still debatable. This study aimed to assess the association between HEI-2015 and S-Klotho in middle-to-older aged adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2016.MethodsThe study included 8456 middle-to-older aged (40–79 years old) participants. Multivariate regression models were used to estimate the correlation between HEI-2015 and S-Klotho concentrations. General additive models and two-piece-wise regression models were used to investigate the possible non-linear relationships between HEI-2015 and S-Klotho concentrations. Moreover, a stratified analysis of potential influencing factors was performed.ResultsA positive correlation was observed between HEI-2015 and S-Klotho plasma levels (β = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.21, 1.27, P = 0.0067). According to the two-piece-wise regression, the turning point of HEI-2015 was 45.15. When the range of HEI-2015 was from 0 to 45.15, the relationship between HEI and S-Klotho was insignificant (β = −0.87, 95% CI: −2.47, 0.73, P = 0.2858). However, when the range of HEI-2015 was from 45.15 to 100, HEI-2015 increased by 1 unit, the S-Klotho increased by 1.30 pg/ml (β = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.55, 2.05, P = 0.0007), suggesting a dose-response relationship. Furthermore, the stratified analysis showed that the association between HEI-2015 and S-Klotho concentrations was more significant in people with normal body mass index (P-interaction = 0.0161).ConclusionThere is a dose-response relationship between the HEI-2015 and S-Klotho in the middle-to-older aged adults. This relationship suggests that adherence to healthy dietary patterns may benefit the prevention of aging and health maintenance. The underlying mechanisms require further investigation.

In quantum information transformation and quantum computation, the most critical issues are security and accuracy. These features, therefore, stimulate research on quantum state characterization. A characterization tool, Quantum state tomography, reconstructs the density matrix of an unknown quantum state. Theoretically, reconstructing an unknown state using this method can be arbitrarily accurate. However, this is less practical owing to the huge burden of measurements and data processing for large numbers of qubits. Even comprising an efficient estimator and a precise algorithm, an optimal tomographic framework can also be overburdened owing to the exponential growth of the measurements. Moreover, the consequential postprocessing of huge amounts of data challenges the capacity of computers. Thus, it is crucial to build an efficient framework that requires fewer measurements but yields an expected accuracy. To this end, we built a tomography schema by which only a few Pauli measurements enable an accurate tomographic reconstruction. Subsequently, this schema was verified as efficient and accurate through numerical simulations on the tomography of multi-qubit quantum states. Furthermore, this schema was proven to be robust through numerical simulations on a noisy superconducting qubit system. Therefore, the tomography schema paves an alternatively effective way to reconstruct the density matrix of a quantum state owing to its efficiency and accuracy, which are essential for quantum state tomography.

Supplementary Material 1

The bootstrap approach (demanding consistency conditions to scattering amplitudes) has shown to be quite powerful to tightly constrain gauge theories at large $N_c$. We extend previous analysis to scattering amplitudes involving pions and external gauge bosons. These amplitudes allow us to access the chiral anomaly and connect low-energy physical quantities to UV properties of the theory. In particular, we are able to obtain an analytic bound on the chiral anomaly coefficient as a function of the pion dipole polarizabilities. This bound can be useful for holographic models whose dual UV completions are not known, and provide a consistency condition to lattice simulations., Comment: 20 pages, 1 figure

To further investigate the fracture response in propellant grain, numerical methodology is proposed to cope with crack propagation simulation especially for the mixed mode condition. The numerical discrete scheme of the propellant linear viscoelastic constitutive model is proposed, which provides a key means for the simulation of crack propagation. In order to simulate the cohesive traction distribution on the new crack surface, the extrinsic Park-Paulino-Roesler (PPR) cohesive zone model (CZM) is introduced. To let the crack propagate along any direction determined, element splitting technique and its corresponding topological operations are proposed step by step. Then, computational simulation implementation process is explained in greater detail. Typical fracture problem, single edge-notched tension test (SENT) is solved to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. In addition, double edge-notched tension test (DENT) as well as plate tension test with a slant crack is conducted to show the special fracture characters in viscoelastic solid propellant, like time dependence. Computational results reveal that the method proposed can be utilized in further fracture investigation in solid propellant combined with the experimental findings.

Ye Zhao,1,&ast; Teng Ma,2,&ast; Duowu Zou1 1Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Duowu Zou 200025 Tel +86-2164370045-665444Email zdwrjxh66@sjtu.edu.cnPurpose: Transcriptomic studies on gastroesophageal reflux disease are scarce, and gene expression signatures in nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) remain elusive. The aim of the study was to identify gene expression profiles and potential hub genes in NERD.Patients and Methods: We performed RNA sequencing on biopsy samples from nine consecutive patients with NERD and six healthy controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analysed with the DESeq2 R package. A DEG-based protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to filter hub genes using Cytoscape. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to identify the coexpression relationships of all modules and explore the relationship between gene sets and clinical traits.Results: In total, 1195 DEGs were identified, including 649 upregulated and 546 downregulated genes involved in regulating the inflammatory response and epithelial cell differentiation. Overlap of the PPI and WGCNA networks identified five shared genes, namely, THY1, BMP2, LOX, KDR and MMP9, as candidate hub genes in NERD. Quantitative PCR analysis of the expression of these five genes confirmed the sequencing results. Receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated that these hub genes had diagnostic potential for NERD patients. Gene set enrichment analysis confirmed that each hub gene was closely associated with the pathophysiological processes of NERD. In addition, a regulatory network comprising 42 transcription factors (TFs), 28 miRNAs and 5 hub genes was established.Conclusion: The five core genes may be promising biomarkers of NERD. The TF/miRNA/hub gene network can improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying disease progression.Keywords: nonerosive reflux disease, RNA sequencing, hub gene, bioinformatics analysis, WGCNA, validation

The Arctic has an important strategic position owing to its rich resources. The world's major nations want to enter the Arctic to participate in Arctic affairs and establish influence in the Arctic; it has become one of the current international hot spots. The current research on geo-setting has turned to the perspective of the national state, but there is little research on this region. Under the background of global warming, China proposed the Arctic policy to build the "Polar Silk Road" with all parties as responsible nations. Based on the framework of geo-setting, this study analyzes the geo-setting of the Arctic and the influence of the "Polar Silk Road" on the geo-setting of the Arctic. First, the geo-setting of the Arctic is complex because it is located at the northernmost end of the earth. It contains rich resources and possesses high strategic value, which has led to competition among major nations in the world. As such, the geo-relations in the Arctic involve many subjects and issues. The subject relations include three aspects: the relation among Arctic nations, the relation between the Near-Arctic nations and the Arctic nations, and the relationship between Arctic aborigines and Arctic nations. These issues focus on territory, economy, energy, and the benefits of Arctic aborigines. The geo-structure of the Arctic has experienced three stages of evolution, and now presents a complex structure with the characteristics of "Central-Subcenter-Periphery." Second, the "Polar Silk Road" will influence the geo-settings in the Arctic in two aspects: on the one hand, although some nations disagree with the "Polar Silk Road," it will improve the tense geo-relations in the Arctic, promote the sub-regional cooperation, enable the participation of the Near-Arctic nations in Arctic affairs, and protect the Arctic indigenous people in general. On the other hand, it will make the core of the geo-structure more stable, the tightness among geo-entities closer, and further extend the geo-relations network.

Bathymetric simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) holds high potential for accurate navigation in long endurance autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) missions. Due to nearly flat seabed topography, the occurrence of invalid loop closures is unavoidable in bathymetric SLAM. Thus, invalid loop closure identification is a crucial component of bathymetric SLAM, a procedure that normally requires a substantial amount of computational resources. An efficient bathymetric SLAM method considering invalid loop closures is proposed in this article, which identifies invalid loop closures via PF-Backend, a robust back end method based on particle filtering theory. Using this set-up, all beliefs of historical loop closures are estimated by a small number of particles and, for each particle, the corresponding map consistency calculated via a global graph optimizer is applied as the measurement update in the particle filter. A loop closure solidification procedure is also discussed to decrease the number of particles in the PF-Backend. The new algorithm is shown to be efficient and capable of providing accurate location and mapping results using play-back experiments.

Purpose: Femoral neck fracture treatment in young adults remains controversial. Cannulated screws (CS) and femoral neck system (FNS) are well-accepted methods for femoral neck fracture treatment; however, these methods are associated with complications. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the relative safety and effectiveness of CS and FNS for treating young patients with femoral neck fractures. Methods: We searched the following sources for studies that compared CS and FNS fixation: Cochrane library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, and Chinese Science and Technology Journals. The outcomes were surgical and prognostic results and complications. Results: This meta-analysis included eight studies. The pooled results revealed that the two fixation methods were similar in terms of the operation time, length of hospital stay, healing time, intraoperative blood loss, non-union, femoral head necrosis, and internal fixation cut-out. Compared with CS fixation, FNS fixation required fewer intraoperative fluoroscopies and had better Harris Hip Score, earlier weight-bearing, lower number of total complications, lesser femoral neck shortening, and lesser extent of nail retreat. Conclusion: FNS fixation outperforms CS fixation in terms of intraoperative fluoroscopies, Harris Hip Score, and morbidity in young patients with femoral neck fractures. Clinicians should consider FNS as a first choice in treating femoral neck fracture in young adults, except where this approach is contraindicated.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human tissues have been widely used for tissue regeneration because of their strong self-renewal capacity and multi-potential properties. Autophagy plays a vital role in maintaining bone homeostasis. However, the mechanism underlying this role for autophagy in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells remains to be elucidated. Methods: Two microarray datasets were downloaded from the GEO database. Fourteen bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell samples comprising control and induction groups were selected to identify differentially expressed autophagy-related genes via multiple bioinformatics approaches, followed by functional analysis. Interactions among differentially expressed autophagy genes, miRNAs, and transcription factors were analyzed and visualized using Cytoscape software. The association between hub differentially expressed genes and autophagy was validated by qRT-PCR. Results: Ten autophagy-related genes (including VPS8, NDRG4, and CYBB) were identified as osteogenic hub genes. Correlation analysis revealed that CYBB was highly correlated with the sensitivity to multiple drugs, such as imexon, megestrol acetate, and isotretinoin. The regulatory network displayed a complex connection among miRNAs, transcription factors, and differentially expressed autophagy genes. Friends’ analysis showed that NDRG4 was highly closely related to other hub genes (P < 0.05). Furthermore, NDRG4 expression was downregulated in the induction group (P < 0.01). NDRG4 was significantly correlated with infiltrating immune cells, including monocytes, eosinophils, type 17 T helper cells, neutrophils, activated CD8 T cells, and immature B cells. Levels of the 10 autophagy-related genes (including VPS8, NDRG4, and CYBB) were successfully validated based on in vitro experiments. Conclusion: We identified candidate molecules to further investigate their functions in osteogenesis, providing novel insights into the role of autophagy in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.

Poles and building edges are frequently observable objects on urban roads, conveying reliable hints for various computer vision tasks. To repetitively extract them as features and perform association between discrete LiDAR frames for registration, we propose the first learning-based feature segmentation and description model for 3D lines in LiDAR point cloud. To train our model without the time consuming and tedious data labeling process, we first generate synthetic primitives for the basic appearance of target lines, and build an iterative line auto-labeling process to gradually refine line labels on real LiDAR scans. Our segmentation model can extract lines under arbitrary scale perturbations, and we use shared EdgeConv encoder layers to train the two segmentation and descriptor heads jointly. Base on the model, we can build a highly-available global registration module for point cloud registration, in conditions without initial transformation hints. Experiments have demonstrated that our line-based registration method is highly competitive to state-of-the-art point-based approaches. Our code is available at https://github.com/zxrzju/SuperLine3D.git., 17 pages, ECCV 2022 Accepted

The proposed LUXE experiment (LASER Und XFEL Experiment) at DESY, Hamburg, using the electron beam from the European XFEL, aims to probe QED in the non-perturbative regime created in collisions between high-intensity laser pulses and high-energy electron or photon beams. This setup also provides a unique opportunity to probe physics beyond the standard model. In this talk we show that by leveraging the large photon flux generated at LUXE, one can probe axion-like-particles (ALPs) up to a mass of 350 MeV and with photon coupling of 3x10^{-6} GeV^{-1}. This reach is comparable to FASER2 and NA62. In addition, we will discuss other probes of new physics such as ALPs-electron coupling.

There are typically unknown deviation tides and stochastic measurement errors in digital elevation map and real-time measurement terrain map, which result in the failure of the matching algorithm. To address the problem of the robust terrain-aided position under the condition of unknown tidal and measurement errors, a new terrain-aided position (TAP) model and a tide level estimation method based on a single-point observation model are proposed in this study. Accordingly, a jump model of the TAP points that considers the nonlinear mapping relationship between the position point and local terrain is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the TAP and confidence interval estimation algorithms are verified based on shipborne measurement data with a difference in terrain variability. Future research will focus on revealing the relation between terrain characteristics and directionality of the TAP confidence interval.

大腸菌をモデル細菌として用いてナノバブル（NB）の殺菌活性を調べた。ナノバブルは、ナノスケールの直孔を規則的に配列させた多孔質アルミナ膜を用いて作製した。ナノバブルの殺菌活性を評価するために、NB 懸濁液中に細菌を留置した。殺菌活性は、細菌培地上にコロニー化した生細胞の数から求めた生存率で推定した。二酸化炭素（CO 2 ）、酸素（O 2 ）、窒素（N 2 ）の3 種類のガスを含むNB 水に曝露した場合の細菌の生存率を調べた結果、CO 2 を含むNB 水に曝露すると細菌の生存率が有意に低下することがわかった。 酸素ガス、窒素ガスを含むNB 水に曝露しても、有意な殺菌効果は認められなかった。O 2 NB 水に曝露した場合には、大腸菌の増殖が観察された。NB 懸濁液中の活性酸素の発生を電子スピン共鳴分光法（ESR）で調べた。その結果、NB 懸濁液中に発生する活性酸素の主なものは水酸基ラジカル（OH・）であり、活性酸素の発生はCO 2 NB 水の場合に最も強く、殺菌効果測定の結果と一致することがわかった。

The effects of high-density electric current pulse (ECP) treatment on the solidification of Cu–37.4 wt% Pb monotectic alloy melt were investigated. Compared to the method of molten glass purification combined with cyclic superheating, ECP treatment created finer microstructures of Cu–Pb alloys, with more homogeneous distribution of the Pb phase in the matrix. This phenomenon can be explained by the cluster theory for liquid metals and the non-equilibrium diffusion theory. First, ECP treatment could cause the fission of larger atomic clusters to increase the undercooling that enabled a large number of smaller clusters to grow and reach the critical nucleation radius. Second, ECP treatment could reduce the diffusion energy barrier to enhance the non-equilibrium diffusion of solute atoms and suppress the segregation of Pb.

The aim of the proposed CERN Gamma Factory is to produce ≈1017 photons per second with energies up to 400 MeV. The photon beam intensity is expected to be a factor of (Formula presented.) larger than that of the presently available photon beams in the MeV energy range. In this work, its potential to probe physics beyond the Standard Model is explored. In particular, searches for axion like particles(ALPs) with dominant couplings to photons are discussed and various production scenarios—fixed target, photon–photon collision, and conversion by a magnetic field—and detection schemes considered—via decay to photons or back-conversion. It is found that the Gamma Factory in a fixed target mode can probe ALPs with mass (Formula presented.) and decay constants larger than 107 GeV, improving by an order of magnitude the discovery potential of previous beam dump experiments.

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have shown strong evidences to gain provable computational advantages for diverse fields such as finance, machine learning, and chemistry. However, the heuristic ansatz exploited in modern VQAs is incapable of balancing the tradeoff between expressivity and trainability, which may lead to the degraded performance when executed on the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) machines. To address this issue, here we demonstrate the first proof-of-principle experiment of applying an efficient automatic ansatz design technique, i.e., quantum architecture search (QAS), to enhance VQAs on an 8-qubit superconducting quantum processor. In particular, we apply QAS to tailor the hardware-efficient ansatz towards classification tasks. Compared with the heuristic ansatze, the ansatz designed by QAS improves test accuracy from 31% to 98%. We further explain this superior performance by visualizing the loss landscape and analyzing effective parameters of all ansatze. Our work provides concrete guidance for developing variable ansatze to tackle various large-scale quantum learning problems with advantages.

Research Data for Osteoperiosteal decortication and bone grafting combined with wave plating for femoral shaft aseptic atrophic nonunion after intramedullary nailing by Yao Lu, Liang Sun, Qian Wang, Cheng Ren, Yibo Xu, Haobo Ye, Ming Li, Hanzhong Xue, Qiang Huang, Zhong Li, Kun Zhang and Teng Ma in Journal of International Medical Research

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-imr-10.1177_03000605221139667 for Osteoperiosteal decortication and bone grafting combined with wave plating for femoral shaft aseptic atrophic nonunion after intramedullary nailing by Yao Lu, Liang Sun, Qian Wang, Cheng Ren, Yibo Xu, Haobo Ye, Ming Li, Hanzhong Xue, Qiang Huang, Zhong Li, Kun Zhang and Teng Ma in Journal of International Medical Research

Environment perception is crucial to autonomous driving. Panoptic segmentation and objects tracking are two challenging tasks, and the combination of both, namely 4D panoptic segmentation draws researchers’ attention recently. In this work, we implement 4D panoptic LiDAR segmentation (4D-PLS) on Volvo datasets and provide a pipeline of data preparation, model building and model optimization. The main contributions of this work include: (1) building the Volvo datasets; (2) adopting an 4D-PLS model improved by Hyperparameter Optimization (HPO). We annotate point cloud data collected from Volvo CE, and take a supervised learning approach by employing a Deep Neural Network (DNN) to extract features from point cloud data. On the basis of the 4D-PLS model, we employ Bayesian Optimization to find the best hyperparameters for our data, and improve the model performance within a small training budget. Miljöuppfattning är avgörande för autonom körning. Panoptisk segmentering och objektspårning är två utmanande uppgifter, och kombinationen av båda, nämligen 4D panoptisk segmentering, har nyligen uppmärksammat forskarna. I detta arbete implementerar vi 4D-PLS på Volvos datauppsättningar och tillhandahåller en pipeline av dataförberedelse, modellbyggande och modelloptimering. De huvudsakliga bidragen från detta arbete inkluderar: (1) bygga upp Volvos datauppsättningar; (2) anta en 4D-PLS-modell förbättrad av HPO. Vi kommenterar punktmolndata som samlats in från Volvo CE och använder ett övervakat lärande genom att använda en DNN för att extrahera funktioner från punktmolnsdata. På basis av 4D-PLS-modellen använder vi Bayesian Optimization för att hitta de bästa hyperparametrarna för vår data och förbättra modellens prestanda inom en liten utbildningsbudget.

Anomalous heat transfer (AHT), a process by which heat spontaneously flows from a cold system into a hot one, superficially contradicts the Clausius statement of the second law of thermodynamics. Here we provide a full classification of mechanisms of the AHT in nonequilibrium quantum systems from a quantum-information perspective. For initial states in local equilibrium, we find that the AHT can arise from three resources: initial correlation, intrasystem interaction, and intrasystem temperature inhomogeneity. In particular, for qubit systems, we prove that initial quantum coherence is necessary for AHT if the intersystem interactions are limited to the two-body type. We explicitly show the AHT dominated by each of the mechanisms in a three-qubit system. Our classification scheme may offer a guideline for developing high-efficiency quantum heat pump., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures

Supplemental Material for A meta-analysis of the Masquelet technique and the Ilizarov bone transport method for the treatment of infected bone defects in the lower extremities by Cheng Ren, Ming Li, Teng Ma, Zhong Li, Yibo Xu, Liang Sun, Yao Lu, Qian Wang, Hanzhong Xue and Kun Zhang in Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-imr-10.1177_03000605221139667 for Osteoperiosteal decortication and bone grafting combined with wave plating for femoral shaft aseptic atrophic nonunion after intramedullary nailing by Yao Lu, Liang Sun, Qian Wang, Cheng Ren, Yibo Xu, Haobo Ye, Ming Li, Hanzhong Xue, Qiang Huang, Zhong Li, Kun Zhang and Teng Ma in Journal of International Medical Research

In order to study the effects of spatial urbanization in Shuicheng basin on shallow karst groundwater, this study analyzed the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and hydrochemical components of the water at groundwater sampling sites, and water level data at groundwater monitoring sites. Based on an analysis of these data, the groundwater recharge sources and the influence of spatial urbanization on the hydrochemical characteristics and water level dynamics of the karst groundwater were assessed. The results showed that the groundwater in the study area mainly came from atmospheric precipitation, and the main hydrochemical species were HCO3-Ca and HCO3·SO4-Ca. Under the influence of spatial urbanization, the spatial differences in land use types were consistent with the enrichment of many ions in the shallow karst groundwater, and the intensity of human activity had a great influence on groundwater quality. In the study area, the intra- and inter-annual variations in groundwater level tended to be stable. Considering the relationship between rainfall and the spatial variation in groundwater level during the study period, this showed that urbanization led to an increase in impermeable surfaces, and a decrease in the response of the water level to rainfall. The condition of groundwater runoff deteriorated, and the variation in groundwater exploitation was the main factor affecting the groundwater level. We can conclude that spatial urbanization has seriously affected the groundwater recharge and runoff conditions and groundwater quality. The changing land use pattern in the basin has resulted in the accumulation of harmful ions in localized areas.

AUV (autonomous underwater vehicles) are required to have long-term and high-precision positioning capability relative to seabed targets in most deep-sea exploration tasks. However, acoustic positioning error is positively correlated with its operating range and inertial navigation has inevitable accumulated time errors, neither of which provide precise AUV positions. TAN (terrain aided navigation) directly calculates the AUV position to the seabed terrain coordinate system by tracking the seabed topographic characteristics, which can guide the AUV to seabed target accurately. However, the initial TAN positioning error will increase with the AUV operation depth, which causes a large PF (particle filter) initialization error and particle coverage interval, and will affect the convergence and stability of TAN. To solve this problem, we first propose a TAP (terrain aided position) confidence interval model. We then use the confidence interval to constrain the initial particles to a smaller range. Finally, the validity of the algorithm is verified by playback simulation with ship-borne multi-beam sonar sensor measured data. The results show that the TAP confidence interval can reduce the coverage of the initial particle, and can improve the convergence speed and filtering accuracy of the TAN.

The diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) remains a clinical challenge, reliable biomarkers that can easily distinguish BA and other forms of intrahepatic cholestasis (IC) are urgently needed. Differentially expressed genes were identified by R software. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and support vector machine algorithms were used to filter the diagnostic biomarkers of BA. The candidate biomarkers were further validated in another independent cohort of patients with BA and IC. Then CIBERSORT was used for estimating the fractions of immune cell types in BA. Gene set enrichment analyses were conducted and the correlation between diagnostic genes and immune cells was analyzed. A total of 419 differentially expressed genes in BA were detected and 2 genes (secreted phosphoprotein 1 [SPP1] and ankyrin repeat domain [ANKRD1]) among them were selected as diagnostic biomarkers. The SPP1 yielded an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.798 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.742–0.854) to distinguish patients with BA from those with IC, and ANKRD1 exhibited AUC values of 0.686 (95% CI: 0.616–0.754) in discriminating BA patients and those with IC. Further integrating them into one variable resulted in a higher AUC of 0.830 (95% CI: 0.777–0.879). The regulatory T cells, M2 macrophages cells, CD4 memory T cells, and dendritic cells may be involved in the BA process. The ANKRD1 and SPP1 was negatively correlated with regulatory T cells. In conclusion, the ANKRD1 and SPP1 could potentially provide extra guidance in discriminating BA and IC. The immune cell infiltration of BA gives us new insight to explore its pathogenesis.

Background PPI-refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (RGERD) is characterized as the existence of reflux symptoms resistant to optimized PPI treatment. Alleviated mucosal integrity has been regarded as one of the mechanisms of RGERD. Methods RNA sequencing analysis and GSEA were performed. Human biopsy samples, cell lines, and rat models were recruited. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was tested and a FITC-dextran flux assay was performed to detect barrier permeability. Tissue morphology was evaluated using HE staining, while gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR, western blotting, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis. Results The tight junction protein Claudin-1 is significantly weakened in the RGERD epithelium, while levels of EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 were increased. Forced EZH2 expression in epithelial cells led to H3K27me3 accumulation and Claudin-1 suppression, which consequently caused epithelial barrier dysfunction. Notably, studies on esophagogastroduodenal anastomosis (EGDA) rat models showed the attenuation of Claudin-1 level and barrier function could be rescued by an Ezh2 inhibitor GSK126. ChIP analysis followed by qPCR (ChIP-qPCR) revealed H3K27me3 suppressed CLDN1 via accumulating at the TSS area. Conclusion For the first time, we explored the attenuated tight junction of RGERD, demonstrating a potential underlying mechanism that EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 could impair esophageal epithelial barrier function by suppressing the transcription of CLDN1.

Jing Xu,1,&ast; Fengyuan Chen,1,&ast; Guoquan Wang,1,&ast; Bin Liu,2 Hang Song,1 Teng Ma2 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Teng Ma; Hang Song Email mateng82913@163.com; hangsong@ahtcm.edu.cnAbstract: G. lucidum has a long history of thousands of years in China and is closely related with the lives of the Chinese people. It is reported to cure various diseases due to its high nutritional value and wide range of uses. The fascinating effects of G. lucidum have tethered a multitude of efforts to explore its effective ingredients and supplement functions. At present, many cancer research studies have reported the G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) and G. lucidum triterpenes (GLTs) as the main active ingredients in G. lucidum, which have shown positive effects on radiotherapy and chemotherapy. GLPs or GLTs treatment synergizes with radiotherapy and chemotherapy through multiple pathways, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, immune microenvironment, etc. Therefore, this review aims to analyze and summarize these complex molecules from G. lucidum in order to create more treatment options for cancer patients in the future.Keywords: GLP, GLTs, pharmacology, general structure, radiotherapy and chemotherapy

The sine wave drive technology of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on Hall sensor is a rotor position detection technology that can ensure the running performance of the motor, and at the same time can effectively control the system cost and improve the reliability of the system. It has attracted wide attention from scholars at home and abroad. However, the actual three-phase Hall signal has a certain deviation from the ideal situation, which causes the accuracy of motor speed and rotor position estimation to decrease, thereby affecting the control performance of the motor. This article first introduces the working principle of the Hall position sensor, and then discusses two different rotor position estimation schemes based on the three-phase Hall position sensor. In view of the imperfect Hall signal, a frequency tracking filter is proposed to improve the observation performance of the position vector observer, and finally verify the performance of the scheme through simulation.

We propose a novel way to search for feebly interacting massive particles, exploiting two properties of systems involving collisions between high energy electrons and intense laser pulses. The first property is that the electron-intense-laser collision results in a large flux of hard photons, as the laser behaves effectively as a thick medium. The second property is that the emitted photons free-stream inside the laser and thus for them the laser behaves effectively as a very thin medium. Combining these two features implies that the electron-intense-laser collision is an apparatus which can efficiently convert UV electrons to a large flux of hard, co-linear photons. We further propose to direct this unique large and hard flux of photons onto a physical dump which in turn is capable of producing feebly interacting massive particles, in a region of parameters that has never been probed before. We denote this novel apparatus as ``optical dump'' or NPOD (new physics search with optical dump). The proposed LUXE experiment at Eu.XFEL has all the required basic ingredients of the above experimental concept. We discuss how this concept can be realized in practice by adding a detector after the last physical dump of the experiment to reconstruct the two-photon decay product of a new spin-0 particle. We show that even with a relatively short dump, the search can still be background free. Remarkably, even with a 40 TW laser, which corresponds to the initial run, and definitely with a 350 TW laser, of the main run with one year of data taking, LUXE-NPOD will be able to probe uncharted territory of both models of pseudo-scalar and scalar fields, and in particular probe natural of scalar theories for masses above 100 MeV., 10 pages, 4 figures, and 6 pages of supplementary material

The role of resolvin D1 (RvD1) in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the potential role of RvD1 in acid-induced DNA damage in esophageal epithelial cells, patients with refractory GERD and a rat model of acid reflux. Weak acid exposure induced longer comet tails, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, oxidative DNA damage and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in cells and RvD1 (0.1 μM) blocked all these effects. Mechanistic analyses showed that apart from ROS-reducing effects, RvD1 possessed a strong capacity to promote DNA damage repair, augmenting cell cycle checkpoint activity and DSB repair by modulating phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in cells. We also detected the surface expression of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), a receptor for RvD1, in the esophageal epithelial cells, and inhibition of FPR2 abrogated the protective effects of RvD1 on cells. Furthermore, a positive correlation between RvD1 and PTEN was observed predominantly in the esophageal epithelium from patients with refractory GERD (r = 0.67, P 0.05). Additionally, RvD1 administration upregulated PTEN, suppressed DNA DSBs and alleviated microscopic damage in the rat model of gastric reflux. FPR2 gene silencing abolished the therapeutic effects of RvD1 on the rat model. Taken together, RvD1 binding to FPR2 protects the esophageal epithelium from acid reflux-induced DNA damage via a mechanism involving the inhibition of ROS production and facilitation of DSB repair. These findings support RvD1 as a promising approach that may be valuable for the treatment of GERD.

The aim of the proposed CERN Gamma Factory is to produce $\sim 10^{17}$ photons per second with energies up to 400 MeV. The photon beam intensity is expected to be a factor of $\mathcal{O}(10^7)$ larger than that of the presently available photon beams in the MeV energy range. In this work, we explore its potential to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. In particular, we discuss searches for axion like particles (ALPs) with dominant couplings to photons and consider various production scenarios - fixed target, photon-photon collision, and conversion by a magnetic field and detection schemes - via decay to photons or back-conversion. We find that the Gamma Factory in a fixed target mode can probe ALPs with mass $m_a \lesssim \mathcal{O}(100\,\mathrm{MeV})$ and decay constants larger than $10^7$ GeV, improving by an order of magnitude the discovery potential of previous beam dump experiments., 12 pages, 4 figures

For underwater terrain-aided navigation systems to collect enough terrain features, a path-planning method for terrain-aided navigation is proposed. First, a distribution model of terrain features is built based on underwater terrain Fisher information content. Then, terrain information and path length are taken as optimization targets, and considering the constraints of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) maneuverability, a path applicable to terrain-aided navigation can be provided. Simulation tests show that the terrain feature information in AUVs' sailing area obtained with the method is adequate; therefore, this method can effectively improve the performance of terrain-aided navigation systems.

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-osj-10.1177_23094990211024395 for Comparison of intramedullary nailing fixation and percutaneous locked plating fixation for the treatment of proximal tibial fractures: A meta-analysis by Cheng Ren, Ming Li, Liang Sun, Zhong Li, Yibo Xu, Yao Lu, Qian Wang, Teng Ma, Hanzhong Xue and Kun Zhang in Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery

By using the dry etching process of tantalum (Ta) film, we had obtained transmon qubit with the best lifetime (T1) 503 us, suggesting that the dry etching process can be adopted in the following multi-qubit fabrication with Ta film. We also compared the relaxation and coherence times of transmons made with different materials (Ta, Nb and Al) with the same design and fabrication processes of Josephson junction, we found that samples prepared with Ta film had the best performance, followed by those with Al film and Nb film. We inferred that the reason for this difference was due to the different loss of oxide materials located at the metal-air interface.

Recently, the community has witnessed numerous datasets built for developing and testing state estimators. However, for some applications such as aerial transportation or search-and-rescue, the contact force or other disturbance must be perceived for robust planning and control, which is beyond the capacity of these datasets. This paper introduces a Visual-Inertial-Dynamical (VID) dataset, not only focusing on traditional six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) pose estimation but also providing dynamical characteristics of the flight platform for external force perception or dynamics-aided estimation. The VID dataset contains hardware synchronized imagery and inertial measurements, with accurate ground truth trajectories for evaluating common visual-inertial estimators. Moreover, the proposed dataset highlights rotor speed and motor current measurements, control inputs, and ground truth 6-axis force data to evaluate external force estimation. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed VID dataset is the first public dataset containing visual-inertial and complete dynamical information in the real world for pose and external force evaluation. The dataset: https://github.com/ZJU-FAST-Lab/VID-Dataset and related files: https://github.com/ZJU-FAST-Lab/VID-Flight-Platform are open-sourced., Comment: 7 pages,11 figures