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In this work, a novel poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) was designed and synthesized from dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), 3-amino-1-propanol (AP) and adipic acid (AA). Firstly, the aromatic diol monomer (BHTT) was synthesized by DMT and AP, it was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR and DSC, respectively. Then, the BHTT and AA were used to synthesize the semi-aromatic PEAs with alternating structure by melt polymerization. The effects of polymerization temperature and time on the crystallization, thermal stability and amide transesterification of PEAs were fully investigated. It was found that the prepared PEAs are semi-crystalline polymer with melting point around 154–165 °C and decomposition temperature around 377–392 °C. Most important, the chemical structure of PEAs synthesized under different conditions was explored by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and DEPT spectra, which confirms the occurrence of amide transesterification during the melt polymerization process.

PA56 is a newly commercialized bio-based polyamide with excellent thermal, mechanical and processing properties. However, its hydrogen bonds and crystalline structures are not well investigated yet. In this study, PA56 films with γ form and α-like form crystalline phases were successfully prepared by melt-crystallization and solution casting, respectively. The hydrogen bond and crystalline structure were systematically studied with solid-state 13C NMR, variable temperature-FTIR and dynamic oscillatory rheological tests. 13C NMR and variable temperature-FTIR results indicate that the hydrogen bond strength of PA56 in α-like form crystal is higher than that in γ-form, while both are lower than that of PA66 in α-form. The chemical shifts of carbons in diamine units are highly dependent on the crystalline forms due to the molecular chain of PA56 adopts different conformations in γ-form and α-like form. The curve-fitting of variable temperature-FTIR spectra reveals that the melt crystallization results in γ-form regardless of the crystal form before melt. Dynamic oscillatory rheological tests demonstrate that the stronger hydrogen bond interactions endow α-like form of PA56 a higher dynamic storage modulus and complex viscosity than γ-form.

Poly (lactic acid), a promising biodegradable polymer, is restricted by poor heat resistance, which is determined by the crystallization. It is important to expound the relationship between crystal structure and thermal, mechanical performance. Several PLA specimens were prepared by fully crystallized at different temperature (100 °C, 110 °C, 115 °C, 120 °C, and 130 °C) from melt state. The morphology, crystallization behaviors, thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated by polarizing optical microscope (POM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and Vicat softening temperature (VST), respectively. It was found that the PLA crystal shows the characterization of spherulite and many nuclei are generated at low temperature (100 °C and 110 °C). The nuclei gradually decrease and the spherulites grow as the crystallization temperature increases. Compared with the amorphous PLA specimens, the tensile strength of crystallized samples gradually decreases from 29.4 MPa to 25.8 MPa and the VST is improved from 51.6 °C to 64.9 °C. It confirms that the crystallization is an effective way to enhance the heat resistance. However, when the temperature reaches 130 °C, the crystalline and amorphous region aggregate, forming the distinct two phases, which leads to a decrease in VST (53.2 °C). Meanwhile, the spherulites become irregular, larger, and imperfect at high temperature, resulting in the further deterioration of mechanical performance. In addition, the molecular dynamics was further used to simulate the structural evolution during the crystallization and reveals the mechanism behind the relationship.

In this paper, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) was synthesized and used as solvent to dissolve bamboo pulp. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was selected as cosolvent to adjust the solution viscosity. As compared with the bamboo pulp/[Bmim]Cl system, the addition of DMSO decreases the solution viscosity dramatically. Afterward, cellulose hollow fiber membranes were prepared by dry-wet spinning process using 75 wt % [Bmim]Cl + 25 wt % DMSO as solvent. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), mechanical testing, pure water permeability, and retention rate were used to characterize its properties, respectively. The SEM result shows that the prepared cellulose hollow fiber membrane presents dense surface structure, which leads to a relative high tensile strength and retention rate to bovine serum albumin, i.e. 28 MPa and 98%, respectively, but a relative low pure water permeability, i.e. 83 L/m2·h. In the end, the [Bmim]Cl is recovered by azeotropy, and the recycling yield reaches 99 wt %.