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The book compiles a portion of the contributions presented during the symposium “Urbanisation, commerce, subsistence and production during the third millennium BC on the Iranian Plateau”, which took place at the Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée in Lyon, the 29-30 of April, 2014. The twenty papers assembled provide an overview of the recent archaeological research on this region of the Middle East during the Bronze Age. The socio-economic transformation from rural villages to towns and nations has prompted many questions into this evolution of urbanisation. What was the impact of interactions between cultures in the Iranian Plateau and the surrounding regions (Mesopotamia, the South Caucasus, Central Asia, Indus Valley)? What was the overall context during the Bronze Age on the Iranian Plateau? What was the extent and means of the expansion of the Kuro-Araxe culture? How did the Elamite Kingdom become established? What new knowledge has been contributed by the recent excavations and studies undertaken in the east of Iran? What was the influence of the Indus Valley culture, known as an epicentre of urbanisation in South Asia? What are the unique characteristics of the ancient cultures in Iran? While the urbanisation of early Mesopotamia has been the subject of much debate for several decades, this topic has only recently been raised in respect to the Iranian Plateau. This volume is the product of an international community from Iranian, European, and American institutions, consisting of recognised specialists in the archaeology of the Iranian Bronze Age. It provides an overview of the latest research, including abundant results from current on-going excavations. The current state of archaeological research in Iran, comprising many dynamic questions and perspectives, is presented here in the form of original contributions on the first emergence of towns in the Near and Middle East. L’ouvrage rassemble une partie des contributions présentées lors du colloque «Urbanisation, commerce, subsistance et production au iiie millénaire avant J.-C. sur le Plateau iranien» qui s’est tenu à la Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée à Lyon les 29 et 30 avril 2014. Les vingt articles réunis livrent un état récent de la recherche archéologique dans cette région du Moyen‑Orient pour l’âge du Bronze. Le développement socio-économique entre le mode de vie rural et la formation des villes et des états soulève de nombreuses interrogations sur le processus de l’urbanisation. Quel est l’impact des relations culturelles entre le Plateau iranien et les régions adjacentes (Mésopotamie, Sud-Caucase, Asie centrale, vallée de l’Indus) ? Quel est le contexte global de l’âge du Bronze sur le Plateau Iranien ? Comment s’opère l’expansion de la culture Kuro-Araxe à partir du Caucase ? Comment le royaume élamite se met en place ? Quel est l’apport des fouilles et travaux récents dans l’Est iranien ? Quelle est l’influence de la vallée de l’Indus, un centre d’urbanisation important en Asie ? Comment se manifestent les singularités du monde iranien ? Alors que la thématique de l’urbanisation en Mésopotamie a été très débattue ces dernières décennies, cette question est abordée depuis peu pour le Plateau iranien. Le présent volume émane d’une communauté internationale d’archéologues d’institutions iraniennes, européennes et américaines, spécialistes reconnus de l’archéologie iranienne de l’âge du Bronze. Il dresse un panorama de l’état des recherches qui se nourrit amplement des travaux de terrain en cours. L’ouvrage rend compte de la dynamique actuelle de la recherche archéologique en Iran, riche de nouveaux questionnements et de nouvelles perspectives, et constitue un apport original à la réflexion sur l’émergence des villes au Moyen-Orient.

Wearable robotic upper limb orthoses (ULO) are promising tools to assist or enhance the upper-limb function of their users. While the functionality of these devices has continuously increased, the robust and reliable detection of the user's intention to control the available degrees of freedom remains a major challenge and a barrier for acceptance. As the information interface between device and user, the intention detection strategy (IDS) has a crucial impact on the usability of the overall device. Yet, this aspect and the impact it has on the device usability is only rarely evaluated with respect to the context of use of ULO. A scoping literature review was conducted to identify non-invasive IDS applied to ULO that have been evaluated with human participants, with a specific focus on evaluation methods and findings related to functionality and usability and their appropriateness for specific contexts of use in daily life. A total of 93 studies were identified, describing 29 different IDS that are summarized and classified according to a four-level classification scheme. The predominant user input signal associated with the described IDS was electromyography (35.6%), followed by manual triggers such as buttons, touchscreens or joysticks (16.7%), as well as isometric force generated by residual movement in upper-limb segments (15.1%). We identify and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of IDS with respect to specific contexts of use and highlight a trade-off between performance and complexity in selecting an optimal IDS. Investigating evaluation practices to study the usability of IDS, the included studies revealed that, primarily, objective and quantitative usability attributes related to effectiveness or efficiency were assessed. Further, it underlined the lack of a systematic way to determine whether the usability of an IDS is sufficiently high to be appropriate for use in daily life applications. This work highlights the importance of a user- and application-specific selection and evaluation of non-invasive IDS for ULO. For technology developers in the field, it further provides recommendations on the selection process of IDS as well as to the design of corresponding evaluation protocols. ISSN:1011-5218

Extensive integration of renewables in the electrical energy distribution system is essential for the implementation of ���green growth��� strategies. However, it contributes to the degradation of the quality of the electrical power, as such power quality (PQ) monitoring holds greater and greater importance. Currently, there are no standards related to the characterisation of the instrument transformers (ITs) for PQ measurements, even if ITs can introduce significant errors in the PQ measurement chain. Therefore, a project has recently funded to investigate gaps in accuracy assessment and characterisation of ITs when used in PQ measurements and to work out specific performance indices, reference measurement systems and test procedures to evaluate the ITs accuracy and uncertainty contributions in PQ measurements. Guidelines and recommendations for the calibration of ITs used in PQ measurements will be provided to the Technical Committee IEC TC 38., "This project 19NRM05 IT4PQ has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme". Funder name: European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) Funder ID: 10.13039/100014132

Bespreking en analyse van Belgische en Europese rechtspraak in de periode 2010-2021 in de materie van het internationaal privaatrecht inzake personen-, familie- en familiaal vermogensrecht

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) binding tracers are promising agents for the targeting of prostate tumors. To further optimize the clinically established radiopharmaceutical PSMA-617, novel PSMA ligands for prostate cancer endoradiotherapy were developed. A series of PSMA binding tracers that comprise a benzyl group at the chelator moiety were obtained by solid-phase synthesis. The compounds were labeled with 68Ga or 177Lu. Competitive cell-binding assays and internalization assays were performed using the cell line C4-2, a subline of the PSMA positive cell line LNCaP (human lymph node carcinoma of the prostate). Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and biodistribution studies were conducted in a C4-2 tumor bearing BALB/c nu/nu mouse model. All 68Ga-labeled ligands were stable in human serum over 2 h; 177Lu-CA030 was stable over 72 h. The PSMA ligands revealed inhibition potencies [Ki] (equilibrium inhibition constants) between 4.8 and 33.8 nM. The percentage of internalization of the injected activity/106 cells of 68Ga-CA028, 68Ga-CA029, and 68Ga-CA030 was 41.2 ± 2.7, 44.3 ± 3.9, and 53.8 ± 5.4, respectively; for the comparator 68Ga-PSMA-617, 15.5 ± 3.1 was determined. Small animal PET imaging of the compounds showed a high tumor-to-background contrast. Organ distribution studies revealed high specific uptake in the tumor, that is, approximately 34.4 ± 9.8% of injected dose per gram (%ID/g) at 1 h post injection for 68Ga-CA028. At 1 h p.i., 68Ga-CA028 and 68Ga-CA030 demonstrated lower kidney uptake than 68Ga-PSMA-617, but at later time points, kidney time–activity curves converge. In line with the preclinical data, first diagnostic PET imaging using 68Ga-CA028 and 68Ga-CA030 revealed high-contrast detection of bone and lymph node lesions in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. The novel PSMA ligands, in particular CA028 and CA030, are promising agents for targeting PSMA-positive tumor lesions as shown in the preclinical evaluation and in a first patient, respectively. Thus, clinical translation of 68Ga-CA028 and 68Ga/177Lu-CA030 for diagnostics and endoradiotherapy of prostate cancer in larger cohorts of patients is warranted.

IUCrJ 9(6), 778 - 791 (2022). doi:10.1107/S2052252522010193, Serial crystallography at conventional synchrotron light sources (SSX) offers the possibility to routinely collect data at room temperature using micron sized crystals of biological macromolecules. However, it suffers from the fact that data collection is not yet as routine and takes currently significantly longer as the standard rotation series cryo-crystallography. Thus its use for high-throughput approaches, such as fragment-based drug screening, where the possibility to measure at physiological temperatures would be a great benefit, is impaired. On the way to high-throughput serial synchrotron crystallography, it is shown here, using a conveyor belt based sample delivery system – the CFEL TapeDrive – with three different proteins of biological relevance (K. pneumoniae CTX-M-14 β-lactamase, Nectria haematococca xylanase GH11 and Aspergillus flavus urate oxidase), that complete data sets can be collected in less than a minute and that only minimal amounts of sample are required., Published by Chester

Eine Reduzierung von klimaschädlichen Emissionen kann durch den Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien und den Einsatz von Elektrofahrzeugen erreicht werden. In beiden Anwendungen sind elektrochemische Speicher auf Basis von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien gegenwärtig von essentieller Bedeutung. Den positiven Eigenschaften der Technologie hinsichtlich der Energiedichte stehen jedoch weiter Nachteile in Form hoher Kosten sowie eines kritischen Sicherheitsverhaltens gegenüber. Eine Lithium-Ionen-Batterie muss daher stets hinsichtlich der Zustandsgrößen Spannung, Temperatur und Strom überwacht werden um unzulässige Betriebsparameter zu verhindern. Im Rahmen der Dissertation wird untersucht, ob die dominierende elektronische Überwachung (BMS) durch optische Sensoren substituiert werden kann. Es wird gezeigt, dass eine engmaschige Temperaturüberwachung einer Fahrzeugbatterie mittels Faser-Bragg-Gittern sinnvoll ist und sich kritische Temperaturen während einer Schnellladung detektieren lassen, die von der elektronischen Überwachung nicht hinreichend abgebildet werden. Eine notwendige Kompensation der optischen Messwerte erfolgt durch thermo-mechanische Faktoren, die erstmals im laufenden Betrieb eines Speichers ermittelt werden können, wodurch sich das individuelle Dehnungsverhalten einer Zelle präziser abbilden lässt. An beschleunigten Alterungsuntersuchungen wird zudem gezeigt, dass die Änderung des Faktors mit der Degradation einer Zelle korreliert. Ferner wird demonstriert, dass mittels optischer Dehnungssensoren eine bevorstehende Zellhavarie detektiert werden kann. Zur Strommessung wird ein optischer Stromsensor entwickelt, dessen Eignung am Beispiel eines Vollzyklus an einem Batteriemodul demonstriert wird. Darüber hinaus wird ein polymeres optisches Sensorkonzept entwickelt, auf Grundlage dessen es zukünftig vorstellbar ist die optische Sensorik in die Polymerfolie einer flexiblen Lithium-Ionen-Batterie zu integrieren. Im Rahmen des Sensorkonzepts wird erstmalig ein Polymer-AWG-Interrogator (pAWG) zur Auswertung sowie ein planares Polymer-Bragg-Gitter (pBG) als Sensor entwickelt und charakterisiert. Das pAWG ermittelt zuverlässig die Bragg-Wellenlänge eines Dehnungssensors über einen Zeitraum von mehreren Wochen mit einer Abweichung von 0, 65 ± 5, 9 pm. Das pBG reagiert auf Änderungen der Temperatur, der Dehnung sowie der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit. Die Empfindlichkeiten konnten unabhängig voneinander zu −44 pm K (für 43 % r.F.), 0,26 pm m µm und 19 pm % bestimmt werden. Eine vollständige Substitution der elektronischen Überwachung ist zwar gegenwärtig nicht darstellbar, jedoch werden erfolgreich Grundlagen für die Entwicklung eines optoelektronischen Hybrid-BMS gelegt., A reduction in climate-damaging emissions can be achieved through the expansion of renewable energies and the use of electric vehicles. In both applications, electro-chemical storage systems based on lithium-ion batteries are currently of essential importance. However, the positive characteristics of the technology in terms of energy density continue to be offset by disadvantages in the form of high costs and critical safety behavior. A lithium-ion battery must therefore always be monitored with regard to the state variables voltage, temperature and current in order to prevent inadmissible operating parameters. Within the scope of the dissertation it is investigated whether the dominating electronic monitoring (BMS) can be substituted by optical sensors. It is shown that close-meshed temperature monitoring of a vehicle battery using fiber Bragg gratings is useful and that critical temperatures during fast charging can be detected, which are not adequately mapped by electronic monitoring. A necessary compensation of the optical measured values is provided by thermo-mechanical factors, which can be determined for the first time during operation of a storage device, allowing the individual strain behavior of a cell to be mapped more precisely. Accelerated aging tests are also used to show that the change in the factor correlates with the degradation of a cell. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that optical strain sensors can be used to detect impending cell damage. An optical current sensor is developed for current measurement, and its suitability is demonstrated on a battery module using the example of a full cycle. In addition, a polymer optical sensor concept is being developed, on the basis of which it is conceivable in the future to integrate the optical sensor technology into the polymer film of a flexible lithium-ion battery. Within the sensor concept, a polymer AWG interrogator (pAWG) for evaluation and a planar polymer Bragg grating (pBG) as sensor are developed and characterized for the first time. The pAWG reliably determines the Bragg wavelength of a strain sensor over a period of several weeks with a deviation of 0.65±5.9 pm. The pBG is sensitive to changes in temperature, strain, and relative humidity. Sensitivities could be determined independently to −44 pm K (for 43 % r.H.), 0,26 pm m µm , and 19 pm % . Although a complete substitution of electronic monitoring is not presently feasible, foundations for the development of an optoelectronic hybrid BMS are successfully laid.

Background Exosuits have been shown to reduce metabolic cost of walking and to increase gait performance when used in clinical environment. Currently, these devices are transitioning to private use to facilitate independent training at home and in the community. However, their acceptance in unsupervised settings remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate end-user perspectives and the adoption of an exosuit in domestic and community settings. Methods We conducted a mixed-method study to investigate the usability and user experience of an exosuit, the Myosuit. We leveraged on a cohort of seven expert users, who had the device available at home for at least 28 days. Each participant completed two standardized questionnaires (SUS and QUEST) and one personalized, custom questionnaire. Furthermore, a semi-structured interview with each participant was recorded, verbatim transcribed and analyzed using descriptive thematic analysis. Data collected from device sensors quantified the frequency of use. Results A mean SUS score of 75.4 out of 100 was reported. Five participants scored above the threshold for above-average usability. Participants also expressed high satisfaction with most of the technical features in the QUEST with an average score of 4.1 (3.86–4.71) out of 5. Participants used the Myosuit mainly for walking outside and exercising at home. However, the frequency of use did not meet the recommendations for physical activity established by the World Health Organization. Five participants used the Myosuit approximately once per week. The two other participants integrated the device in their daily life and used the Myosuit to a greater extent (approx. five times per week). Major factors that prevented an extensive use of the technology were: (i) difficulties in donning that led to (ii) lack of independence and (iii) lack of motivation in exercising. Conclusions Although usable for various activities and well perceived, the adoption of the exosuit in domestic and community settings is yet limited. Use outside the clinic poses further challenges that should be considered when developing new wearable robots. Primarily, design should meet the users' claim for independence and increased adjustability of the device., Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 19, ISSN:1743-0003

Wearable robotic upper limb orthoses (ULO) are promising tools to assist or enhance the upper-limb function of their users. While the functionality of these devices has continuously increased, the robust and reliable detection of the user's intention to control the available degrees of freedom remains a major challenge and a barrier for acceptance. As the information interface between device and user, the intention detection strategy (IDS) has a crucial impact on the usability of the overall device. Yet, this aspect and the impact it has on the device usability is only rarely evaluated with respect to the context of use of ULO. A scoping literature review was conducted to identify non-invasive IDS applied to ULO that have been evaluated with human participants, with a specific focus on evaluation methods and findings related to functionality and usability and their appropriateness for specific contexts of use in daily life. A total of 93 studies were identified, describing 29 different IDS that are summarized and classified according to a four-level classification scheme. The predominant user input signal associated with the described IDS was electromyography (35.6%), followed by manual triggers such as buttons, touchscreens or joysticks (16.7%), as well as isometric force generated by residual movement in upper-limb segments (15.1%). We identify and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of IDS with respect to specific contexts of use and highlight a trade-off between performance and complexity in selecting an optimal IDS. Investigating evaluation practices to study the usability of IDS, the included studies revealed that, primarily, objective and quantitative usability attributes related to effectiveness or efficiency were assessed. Further, it underlined the lack of a systematic way to determine whether the usability of an IDS is sufficiently high to be appropriate for use in daily life applications. This work highlights the importance of a user- and application-specific selection and evaluation of non-invasive IDS for ULO. For technology developers in the field, it further provides recommendations on the selection process of IDS as well as to the design of corresponding evaluation protocols., Frontiers in Neurorobotics, 16, ISSN:1011-5218

Additional file 1. Supplementary Material 1. Full survey: QuestionPro export (PIL and TL survey trees). Supplementary Material 2. Summary (readout) of linear mixed model.

Funding Information: The work was carried out as part of the research project ASSB coordinated by ZAE Bayern. The project is funded by the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs, Regional Development and Energy. We thank Christoph Wallach for recording the Raman spectrum. Open access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie published by Wiley-VCH GmbH Recently, ternary lithium phosphides have been studied intensively owing to their high lithium ion conductivities. Much less is known about the corresponding sodium-containing compounds, and during investigations aiming for sodium phosphidotrielates, two new compounds have been obtained. The sodium phosphidoaluminumtantalate Na10AlTaP6, at first obtained as a by-product from the reaction with the container material, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n (no. 14) with lattice parameters of a=8.0790(3) Å, b=7.3489(2) Å, c=13.2054(4) Å, and β=90.773(2)°. The crystal structure contains dimers of edge-sharing [(Al0.5Ta0.5)P4] tetrahedra with a mixed Al/Ta site. DFT calculations support the presence of this type of arrangement instead of homonuclear Al2P6 or Ta2P6 dimers. The 31P and 23Na MAS NMR as well as the Raman spectra confirm the structure model. The assignment of the chemical shifts is confirmed applying the DFT-PBE method on the basis of the ordered structural model with mixed AlTaP6 dimers. Thesodium phosphidogallate Na3GaP2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Ibam (no. 72) with lattice parameters of a=13.081(3) Å, b=6.728(1) Å, and c=6.211(1) Å and is isotypic to Na3AlP2. Na3GaP2 exhibits linear chains of edge-sharing 1∞[GaP4/2] tetrahedra. For both compounds band structure calculations predict indirect band gaps of 2.9 eV.

Additional file 2. Extension of Table 2 with all usability attributes.

Additional file 3. Figure S1 and Tables S1 and S2.

This article presents a comparison of measurement methods for current and voltage distortions in low-voltage networks in the frequency range from 2 to 150 kHz (supraharmonics). The comparison encompasses the methods informatively described in IEC and CISPR international standards, as well as other innovative techniques presented in the literature. This work is carried out within a novel framework that includes advanced and complex synthetic test signals, as well as real grid recordings that allow an accurate comparison of the performance of the tested methods. Specifically designed indices are employed to characterize the accuracy of the tested methods in the frequency and amplitude assessments. In light of that, the strengths and weaknesses of the methods are identified. The results of this article contribute to the ongoing standardization work carried out by the IEC SC77A/WG9 with the purpose of defining a normative measurement method suitable for assessing grid disturbance levels in the range from 2 to 150 kHz. This project (18NRM05) has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. This work was funded in part by the Spanish Government under Grant RTI2018-099162-B-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER-UE). The Associate Editor coordinating the review process was Dimitrios Georgakopoulos.

Arch��ologischer Anzeiger, 1. Halbband 2018, Aus dem Bereich des Aphrodite-Heiligtums in Milet stammen f��nf Stempelsiegel, die aufgrund der ��u��eren Form und der Darstellungen zweifellos nordsyrischer Herkunft sind. Hervorzuheben ist das Vorkommen von Beispielen der inzwischen gut dokumentierten Lyre-Player-Gruppe. Alle Exemplare wurden vermutlich von Besuchern des Heiligtums als Votivgaben dargebracht.

The papers gathered in this volume aimed to address various questions highlighting problems related to the material culture in Iran, the Caucasus and Central Asia. The environmental conditions in this part of the Asian continent, dominated by contrasting highlands and lowlands, general aridity and marked continentality, are very different to those in the Near East. These physical and climatic features, added to deep‑rooted ethnic diversity, led to a different cultural development from that of...

The concept for a symposium on the third millennium BCE of the Iranian Plateau was conceived of in 2013 as the result of discussions between members of four research units and institutions. These four groups, based in France and Germany, are all actively involved in research on the urbanisation and development of the first known towns in the Near and Middle East: UMR 5133 Archéorient in Lyon (French National Center for Scientific Research – CNRS/University of Lyon), UMR 7209 AASPE in Paris (C...

For quite some time, controversy has surrounded discussions concerning the beginnings of urbanisation in Iran, for a number of reasons, for example:– the mountainous landscape differs considerably from the alluvial plain of Mesopotamia;– many publications are only in Farsi;– many results are not yet available, or have only appeared in preliminary publications;– there is a lack of systematic survey in certain part of Iran.Based on investigations in Syria and Iraq, this contribution aims to present largely accepted parameters for the term ”urban”, which can then serve as a common basis for further discussions about urbanisation in Iran. Depuis un certain temps, les débuts de l’urbanisation en Iran ont fait l’objet de débats controversés, et cela pour de nombreuses raisons, comme par exemple :– le paysage est fortement modelé par les chaînes de montagnes et diffère donc considérablement de la plaine alluviale de la Mésopotamie ;– de nombreuses publications n’apparaissent qu’en farsi ;– de nombreux résultats ne sont pas encore disponibles, ou apparaissent uniquement dans des publications préliminaires ;– le manque de prospections systématiques dans certaines zones de l’Iran.Fondé sur des analyses respectivement en Syrie et en Iraq, cette contribution vise à présenter les paramètres généralement admis pour définir le terme “urbain”, qui pourraient ensuite servir de base commune pour un débat plus approfondi sur la question de l’urbanisation en Iran. تقریبا مدت زمانی طولانی است که آغاز شهرنشینی در ایران مورد بحث و چالش است، مهمترین دلایل این بحث­ ها شامل موارد زیر است:– چشم انداز فلات ایران به علت وجود رشته کوه های آن، متفاوت از دشت آبرفتی بین النهرین است. –بیشتر مطالعات انجام شده باستان شناسی این دوره زمانی در ایران به زبان فارسی است. –نتایج پژوهش­ های میدانی انجام شده در این زمینه در ایران یا در دسترس همگان نیست یا فقط گزارش اولیه آنها چاپ شده است. –بررسی­ های میدانی باستان شناسی انجام گرفته مربوط به این دوره غالبا روشمند نبوده است.در نوشتار حاضر نگارنده بر اساس نتایج مطالعات و تحلیل­ های باستان شناسی در همسایگی غرب ایران که به ترتیب در سوریه و عراق انجام گرفته، پارامترهای عموما پذیرفته شده برای تعریف اصطلاح شهرنشینی را ارائه داده است. این پارامترها می توانند به عنوان چهارچوبی بنیادی برای ژرف اندیشی بیشتر راجع به شهرنشینی در ایران نقش داشته باشند.

The Shallow Water Equations model the fluid dynamics of deep ocean flow, and are used to simulate tides, tsunamis, and storm surges. Numerical solutions using finite difference methods are computationally expensive enough to mandate the use of large computing clusters, and the cost grows not only with the amount of fluid, but also the duration of the simulated event, and the resolution of the approximation. The benefits of increased resolution are mostly connected to regions where complex fluid interactions occur, and are not required globally for the entire simulation. In this paper, we nvestigate the potential for conserving computational resources by applying Adaptive Mesh Refinement to dynamically determined areas of the fluid urface. We implement adaptive mesh refinement in a MacCormack finite difference solver, develop a performance model to predict its behavior on large-scale parallel platforms, and validate its predictions experimentally on two computing clusters. We find that the solver itself has highly favorable parallel scalability, and that the addition of refined areas introduces a performance penalty due to load imbalance that is at most proportional to the refinement degree raised to the third power. The journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.

Optical sensors, such as fiber Bragg gratings, offer advantages compared to other sensors in many technological fields due to their outstanding characteristics. This sensor technology is currently transferred to polymer waveguides that provide the potential for cost-effective, easy, and flexible manufacturing of planar structures. While sensor production itself, in the majority of cases, is performed by means of phase mask technique, which is limited in terms of its degrees of freedom, other inscription techniques enable the manufacture of more adaptable sensor elements for a wider range of applications. In this article, we demonstrate the point-by-point femtosecond laser direct inscription method for the processing of polymer Bragg gratings into waveguides of the epoxy-based negative photoresist material EpoCore for a wavelength range around 850 nm. By characterizing the obtained grating back-reflection of the produced sensing element, we determined the sensitivity for the state variables temperature, humidity, and strain to be 45 pm/K, 19 pm/%, and 0.26 pm/µε, respectively. Individual and more complex grating structures can be developed from this information, thus opening new fields of utilization.

Advances in power electronics, increasing share of renewables in the energy system and e-mobility cause an increase of disturbances in the frequency range 2-150 kHz, also known as supraharmonics. A rigorous, credible and agreed measurement framework is essential to evaluate electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in this frequency range. While a normative method exists for measuring equipment emission in the laboratory, no normative method exists yet for the measurement of supraharmonic disturbance levels in the grid. The aim of this research is a detailed comparison of potential measurement methods derived from existing standards IEC 61000-4-7, IEC 61000-4-30, CISPR 16-1-1 and a critical assessment of their suitability for disturbance measurements in grid applications. Based on a comprehensive set of synthetic signals and real measurements from laboratory and field, this article studies the ability of the methods to assess the typical characteristics of supraharmonic emission with relevance to EMC coordination. It presents the benefits and drawbacks of the existing measurement methods and discusses the suitability of possible modifications for grid compliance assessment. The results and recommendations intend to be an input for the present activities of IEC SC 77A WG 9 to define a normative method for the measurement of supraharmonic disturbance levels to be included in the next edition of IEC 61000-4-30. Validerad;2020;Nivå 2;2020-06-03 (alebob)

International audience

Scientific reports 10(1), 1784 (2020). doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58318-7, Studies of biological systems typically require the application of several complementary methods able to yield statistically-relevant results at a unique level of sensitivity. Combined X-ray fluorescence and ptychography offer excellent elemental and structural imaging contrasts at the nanoscale. They enable a robust correlation of elemental distributions with respect to the cellular morphology. Here we extend the applicability of the two modalities to higher X-ray excitation energies, permitting iron mapping. Using a long-range scanning setup, we applied the method to two vital biomedical cases. We quantified the iron distributions in a population of macrophages treated with Mycobacterium-tuberculosis-targeting iron-oxide nanocontainers. Our work allowed to visualize the internalization of the nanocontainer agglomerates in the cytosol. From the iron areal mass maps, we obtained a distribution of antibiotic load per agglomerate and an average areal concentration of nanocontainers in the agglomerates. In the second application we mapped the calcium content in a human bone matrix in close proximity to osteocyte lacunae (perilacunar matrix). A concurrently acquired ptychographic image was used to remove the mass-thickness effect from the raw calcium map. The resulting ptychography-enhanced calcium distribution allowed then to observe a locally lower degree of mineralization of the perilacunar matrix., Published by Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature, [London]

Thomas Frank: The People, No - A Brief History of Anti-Populism. New York City: Metropolitan Books 2020. 9781250220110

Submitted by Maria Helena Ribeiro (helena.ribeiro@lisboa.ucp.pt) on 2020-02-21T15:49:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 152118020_Jan Meyer_DPDFA.pdf: 2788057 bytes, checksum: ab9dd053fc08db9935d793bc97cda070 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Helena Ribeiro (helena.ribeiro@lisboa.ucp.pt) on 2020-02-21T15:49:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 152118020_Jan Meyer_DPDFA.pdf: 2788057 bytes, checksum: ab9dd053fc08db9935d793bc97cda070 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-02-21T15:49:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 152118020_Jan Meyer_DPDFA.pdf: 2788057 bytes, checksum: ab9dd053fc08db9935d793bc97cda070 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-01-27

A supplementary table for the manuscript:"A Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome (SOLO)-based task to improve self-evaluation and capacity to integrate concepts in first year physiology students".The table containsthe nine possible answers to the open-ended question implemented in a SOLO-based activity described in the aforementioned manuscript.

Computational Fluid Dynamics encompasses a great variety of numerical approaches that approximate solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations, which generally describe the movements of viscous uid substances. While the objectives of these approaches are to capture related physical phenomena, the details of di erent methods lend them to particular classes of problems, and scalable solutions are important to a large range of scienti c and engineering applications. In this paper, we investigate the practical scalability of two proxy applications that are made to recreate the essential performance characteristics of Lattice-Boltzmann Methods (LBM) and Smoothed Particle Hydrodyamics (SPH), using the former to simulate the formation of vortices resulting from sustained, laminar ow, and the latter to simulate violent free surface ows without a mesh. The di ering scalability properties of these methods suggest di erent designs and programming methods in order to exploit extreme scale computing platforms. In particular, we investigate implementations that enable the use of task-based programming constructs, which have received attention in recent years as a means of enabling improved parallel scalability by relaxing the synchronization requirements of classical, bulk-synchronous execution that both LBM and SPH simulations exemplify. We nd that suitable adaptations of the central data structures suggest that scalable LBM performance can be improved by tasking constructs in situations that are determined by an appropriate match between the input problem and the platform's performance characteristics. This suggests an adaptive scheme to identify and select the highest performing implementation at program initialization. The SPH implementation admits a substantial performance gain by partitioning the physical domain into a greater number of independent tasks than the number of participating processors, but its performance remains dependent on a powerful node architecture to support conventional SMP workloads, suggesting that further algorithmic improvements beyond the bene ts of task programming are required to make it a strong candidate for exascale computing.

IUCrJ 6(5), 927 - 937 (2019). doi:10.1107/S205225251900914X, Reliable sample delivery and efficient use of limited beam time have remained bottlenecks for serial crystallography (SX). Using a high-intensity polychromatic X-ray beam in combination with a newly developed charge-integrating JUNGFRAU detector, we have applied the method of fixed-target SX to collect data at a rate of 1 kHz at a synchrotron-radiation facility. According to our data analysis for the given experimental conditions, only about 3 000 diffraction patterns are required for a high-quality diffraction dataset. With indexing rates of up to 25%, recording of such a dataset takes less than 30 s., Published by Chester

Setting realistic emission limits for distorting customer installations is a crucial requirement for a reliable and disturbance-free operation of public distribution networks. Therefore only an adequate share of the total allowable voltage distortion (compatibility level) has to be allocated to each customer installation. This allowable contribution of a single customer installation is usually small and difficult to assess. Hence, nowadays most standards and guidelines translate the allocated voltage distortion in a respective current distortion by using the network impedance at the considered frequency. As frequency-dependent network impedance is usually not known during the planning process, assumptions are required, which have to be realistic and not too conservative. This applies in particular to frequencies above 2 kHz, where the usually used extrapolation based on short circuit impedance can be very conservative due to the increasing impact of connected customer equipment on the network impedance. Based on a comprehensive measurement campaign in four different countries this paper identifies typical ranges of the frequency-dependent network impedance in the frequency range 2-9kHz. It analyses the impact of short circuit power and proposes a simplified impedance estimation, which can be used to calculate realistic current emission limits in the planning stage.

International audience

Los memes digitales son un formato controvertido en el debate político y social contemporáneo. Este trabajo explora qué elementos del meme afectan al éxito de su difusión. El trabajo combina metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas para el análisis de una muestra de memes políticos en España. Los resultados muestran que hay tres elementos básicos en el éxito del meme: el contenido emocional, un humor sofisticado y el capital social del creador. The digital meme is a disputed format in the current political and social debate. This paper explores the meme’s features as regards its virality. The study combines qualitative and quantitative methodology to analyse a sample of political memes in Spain. The results show three key features: emotional topics, complex humour, and the digital social capital of meme-creators.

Die Integration von Spielelementen ist in der Lehre weit verbreitet. Häufig werden begleitende Geschichten eingesetzt, innerhalb derer Lernende agieren. Bleibt die identifikation mit dieser Geschichte jedoch aus, wird das Lernangebot nicht angenommen und die Lernziele nicht erreicht. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Vergleichsstudie durchgeführt, wobei die Identifikation mit einer realitätsnahen gegen eine fiktive Spielgeschichte und deren Beeinflussung des Lernerfolgs getestet wird. Während die Identifikation mit der realitätsnahen Spielgeschichte höher ausfiel, hat nur die Gruppe mit der fiktiven Spielgeschichte einen subjektiv wahrgenommenen Wissensgewinn erfahren. Objektiv haben beide Gruppen ihr Wissen steigern können und auch die Bewertung der Motivation war fast identisch. (DIPF/Orig.)

Um eine realitätsnahe Datengrundlage für die dritte Ausgabe der DACHCZ-Regeln in Bezug auf die Beurteilung von Oberschwingungsströmen zu gewinnen, haben drei Hochschulen gemeinsam in verschiedenen Regionen der Schweiz an unterschiedlichen Netzpunkten die frequenzabhängige Netzimpedanz gemessen. Die frequenzabhängigen Netzimpedanz wird benötigt, um die Rückwirkung der emittierten Oberschwingungsströme auf die harmonischen Netzspannungen erklären zu können und ist somit eine wichtige Grundlage um Oberschwingungsspannungen in Ströme umzurechnen. Die Auswertung zeigt, dass weder die Geografie noch die Art des Netzes (städtisch/ländlich) einen direkten Einfluss auf die Netzimpedanz hat. Die an den Verteilkabinen (VK) und Trafostationen (TS) gemessenen Verläufe unterscheiden sich zwar stark in ihrer Lage, weisen aber in ihrem Verlauf sehr ähnliche Muster auf.

In this paper the equation for the waveform of single phase PWM voltages is transformed from its Fourier series form to a variation in which the voltage in each submission band is represented as a single frequency modulated voltage.

Electromagnetic Compatibility in the frequency range 2 −150 kHz (supraharmonics) is an increasing concern. Recently compatibility levels have been finalised and the work on emission limits has started. Up to now no normative method to measure supraharmonics in electricity networks exists in the relevant standards of IEC 61000 series. Due to the lack of a normative method, instrument manufacturers have started to implement individual measurement methods, which differ from each other and do not provide equal results for the same signal. This paper studies commonly implemented frequency domain methods, which are either based on IEC 61000-4-7 or the informative annex of IEC 61000-4-30. The paper identifies parameters, which can influence the measurement results and studies their impact on reproducibility and comparability of the methods. Based on the results the paper provides recommendations, which shall contribute to the ongoing maintenance work on IEC 61000-4-30 regarding a normative measurement method for the frequency range 2 – 150 kHz.

Machine-specific optimizations command the machine to behave in a specific way. As current programming models largely leave machine details unexposed, they cannot accommodate direct encoding of such commands. In previous work we have proposed the design of performance-transparent programming models to facilitate this use-case; this report contains proof-of-concept examples of such programming models. We demonstrate how programming model abstractions may reveal the memory footprint, vector unit utilization and data reuse of an application, with prediction accuracy ranging from 0 to 25 \%., Companion report to short-paper "Make Software Harder", to be presented at Computing Frontiers 2018

Component-based harmonic studies in public Low Voltage grids require realistic models of individual loads as well as their typical penetration ratios. As fundamental basis for the development of comprehensive models for residential users, this paper identifies the most commonly used household loads in Colombia. The loads are classified according to their Power Factor Correction (PFC) circuit topology in no-PFC, passive-PFC and active-PFC devices, and a comprehensive set of loads is selected. Their behavior in terms of harmonic emission is characterized by intensive lab measurements with systematically varied supply voltage distortion. Based on several indices, the suitability of different frequency-domain modeling approaches (e.g. constant current source, decoupled and coupled Norton models) is assessed. Los estudios de armónicos en redes de baja tensión requieren el desarrollo de modelos realistas de cargas individuales así como el conocimiento de sus niveles típicos de penetración. Como base para el desarrollo de modelos en frecuencia, este artículo identifica las cargas no lineales más comunes que se usan en redes residenciales de Colombia. Estas cargas se clasifican de acuerdo con la topología de su circuito de corrección de factor de potencia (PFC) en no-PFC, PFC-pasivos y PFC-activos, y se selecciona un grupo representativo de cargas para cada caso. El comportamiento de la distorsión armónica para cada grupo se caracteriza a través de mediciones en laboratorio variando sistemáticamente la distorsión en tensión. Finalmente, se calculan varios indicadores para evaluar la conveniencia de los diferentes modelos en frecuencia (fuente de corriente constante, Norton acoplado y desacoplado) para cada grupo de cargas.

7 p., El paradigma de las redes inteligentes promueve aplicaciones de monitorización avanzada de carga para apoyar la gestión de la de-manda y los ahorros energéticos. La monitorización no intrusiva de carga ha generado un creciente interés para estimar la operación y el consumo individual de potencia de los aparatos residenciales, a partir de mediciones eléctricas en un solo punto. Este enfoque aprovecha las ventajas del procesamiento de señales para reducir los esfuerzos de hardware asociados a los sistemas con múltiples sensores dedicados. Algunas características distintivas de los aparatos, llamadas firmas de carga, pueden ser extraídas de señales en estado transitorio o estable. En este artículo se investiga el efecto de algunos factores que pueden afectar las firmas estacionarias de carga bajo condiciones reales: distorsión en la tensión de suministro, impedancia de la red y frecuencia de muestreo del equipo de medida. Para tal fin, se adquirieron y procesaron mediciones eléctricas de diferentes aparatos residenciales para obtener algunos índices en el dominio del tiempo. Los resultados incluyen comparaciones entre distintos escenarios y evaluación de la idoneidad y la capacidad de discriminación de la información del estado estable., Smart Grid paradigm promotes advanced load monitoring applications to support demand side management and energy savings. Re-cently, considerable attention has been paid to Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring to estimate the individual operation and power con-sumption of the residential appliances, from single point electrical measurements. This approach takes advantage of signal processing in order to reduce the hardware effort associated to systems with multiple dedicated sensors. Discriminative characteristics of the appliances, namely load signatures, could be extracted from the transient or steady state electrical signals. In this paper the effect of impact factors that can affect the steady state load signatures under realistic conditions are investigated: the voltage supply distortion, the network impedance and the sampling frequency of the metering equipment. For this purpose, electrical measurements of several residential appliances were acquired and processed to obtain some indices in the time domain. Results include the comparison of distinct scenarios, and the evaluation of the suitability and discrimination capacity of the steady state information.

As organisations have become aware of the strategic importance of web sites, the trend to use web sites for various purposes has increased in domains such as education, health, government and business. However, organisations seeking to obtain benefits from their web sites need to create and maintain web sites that are supporting the interaction and communication of the organisation with their users. The purpose of the study was to investigate the information quality of a web site. A set of information quality indicators, including accuracy, timelines, easy understanding, organisation, consistent representation and easy navigation, were divided into four categories and evaluated in this study. For this purpose, an extensive study of the literature on existing quality evaluation models, essential web site success factors and criteria was made to identify necessary quality factors, sub factors and criteria. An evaluation framework consisting of five factors (Content, Usability, Reliability, Efficiency and Functionality), hierarchically arranged into sub quality factors and criteria was developed. The framework was applied on web sites to assess its effectiveness and at the same time to evaluate the quality of the web site. The results of evaluating a web site showed participants in general consider individual web sites to be of good quality, reliable and efficient, while having moderate quality in its content, usability and functionality features.

Additional views of the fabric-based soft robotic glove. (PDF 430 kb)