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Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, involving a pathological process of endothelial dysfunction, lipid deposition, plaque rupture, and arterial occlusion, and is one of the leading causes of death in the world population. The progression of AS is closely associated with several inflammatory diseases, among which periodontitis has been shown to increase the risk of AS. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), presenting in large numbers in subgingival plaque biofilms, is the “dominant flora” in periodontitis, and its multiple virulence factors are important in stimulating host immunity. Therefore, it is significant to elucidate the potential mechanism and association between P. gingivalis and AS to prevent and treat AS. By summarizing the existing studies, we found that P. gingivalis promotes the progression of AS through multiple immune pathways. P. gingivalis can escape host immune clearance and, in various forms, circulate with blood and lymph and colonize arterial vessel walls, directly inducing local inflammation in blood vessels. It also induces the production of systemic inflammatory mediators and autoimmune antibodies, disrupts the serum lipid profile, and thus promotes the progression of AS. In this paper, we summarize the recent evidence (including clinical studies and animal studies) on the correlation between P. gingivalis and AS, and describe the specific immune mechanisms by which P. gingivalis promotes AS progression from three aspects (immune escape, blood circulation, and lymphatic circulation), providing new insights into the prevention and treatment of AS by suppressing periodontal pathogenic bacteria.

With the rapid development of modern multimedia technology and Internet technology, the traditional media in people’s daily life, including newspapers, magazines, radio, and television, are far less timely and extensive than the new media that use the Internet to spread, such as today’s headlines, microblog, TikTok, and NetEase News. In the process of its own development, Internet new media has gradually derived new media art, which is different from traditional art forms, with the mixture of sound, light, and electricity as the form of expression and the Internet as the media. The wide spread of new media art depends very much on the development of the Internet. In the early stage, the audience of new media is not wide, such as Tianya Forum and Sina blog. It is only for information exchange and communication with people who use the computer Internet. At the same time, the content shared is limited to words and pictures. When the computer Internet began to popularize and the mobile network terminal began to develop, new media art immediately sprouted. Starting from instant messaging, Tencent QQ integrates the strengths of all kinds of new media and promotes the further development of new media art. Standing at the juncture of 2022, after more than ten years of continuous innovation and development, the expression terminal has come from the computer to the mobile phone we use every day. The media has quickly entered the 5 g network from 2G and 3G networks, and the communication path and time have been quite flexible. In addition, AI (artificial intelligence) and other intelligent technologies have begun to enter people’s daily life. The combination of intelligent technology and new media art has brought new media art into another period of transformation and sublimation. This paper will discuss that in the current environment where intelligent technology has begun to be popularized in people’s daily life, new media art achieves the result of ecological reconstruction by innovating and deepening its own characteristics in combination with intelligent technology.

A new hydroxyl functionalized ionic liquid (IL) 1-(3-chloro-2-hydroxy-propyl)-pyridinium acetate was used as the binder for the preparation of carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE), which was further used for the voltammetric determination of adenosine-5′-monophosphate (5′-AMP). The modified electrode was characterized by different electrochemical methods including cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicated that the presence of IL in the carbon paste greatly improved the electrochemical performances of the modified electrode. A remarkable oxidation peak of 5′-AMP appeared on CILE with the oxidation peak potential of 1.38 V (vs. SCE) at pH 4.0 Britton-Robinson buffer. The electrochemical parameters of 5′-AMP electrooxidation were calculated with the electron transfer coefficient (α) as 0.27, the electron transfer number (n) as 1.11 and the apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) as 1.03 × 10−5 s−1. Under the selected condition and by using sensitive differential pulse voltammetry the oxidation peak current was proportional to 5′-AMP concentration in the range from 3.0 to 2500.0 μmol/L with the detection limit as 0.60 μmol/L (3σ). The proposed method showed good selectivity to the 5′-AMP detection without the interference from coexisting substances and was further applied to the vidarabine monophosphate injection samples determination with satisfactory results.

We report on a new electrode for the determination of adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP). It is based on modified carbon paste electrode that contains an ionic liquid (IL) as the binder. The electrode shows strong electrocatalytic oxidative activity towards ATP at pH 4.5 in giving a well-defined single oxidation peak. The oxidation reaction is adsorption-controlled and due to the presence of the highly conductive IL. The electron transfer rate constant was calculated to be 2.04×10–3 s–1, and the surface coverage is 1.11×10–10 mol cm–2. Under the selected conditions, the oxidation peak current changes linearly with the concentration of ATP in the range from 5.0 to 1000 μmol L−1 and a detection limit of 1.67 μmol L−1 (3 σ) as determined by differential pulse voltammetry. The method displays good selectivity and was applied to the determination of ATP injection samples with satisfactory results.

A new electrochemical method was proposed for the determination of thymine, which relied on the oxidation of thymine at a carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) in a pH 5.0 Britton–Robinson buffer solution. CILE was fabricated by using ionic liquid 1-(3-chloro-2-hydroxy-propyl)-3-methylimidazole acetate as the binder, which showed strong electrocatalytic ability to promote the oxidation of thymine. A single well-defined irreversible oxidation peak appeared with adsorption-controlled process and enhanced electrochemical response on the CILE, which was due to the presence of high conductive ionic liquid on the electrode. The reaction parameters of thymine were calculated with the electron transfer coefficient ( α ) as 0.27, the electron transfer number ( n ) as 1.23, the apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant ( k s ) as 6.87 × 10 −6 s −1 and the surface coverage ( Г T ) as 5.71 × 10 −8 mol cm −2 . Under the selected conditions the oxidation peak current was proportional to thymine concentration in the range from 3.0 to 3000.0 μM with the detection limit as 0.54 μM (3 σ ) by differential pulse voltammetry. The proposed method showed good selectivity to the thymine detection without the interferences of coexisting substances.

A novel kind of carbon paste electrode (CPE) was prepared by mixing graphite powder, liquid paraffin and the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate. The resulting electrode was used for the simultaneous determination of guanosine and adenosine by differential pulse voltammetry. Compared to a conventional CPE, the oxidation peak currents are largely increased, and the oxidation peak potentials are negatively shifted. The electrochemical responses to guanosine and adenosine were investigated. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curves are linear in the concentration range from 1.0 × 10-6 mol L-1 to 1.6 × 10-4 mol L-1 for guanosine, and from 1.0 × 10-6 mol L-1 to 2.7 × 10-4 mol L-1 for adenosine at pH 3.5. Substances potentially interfering in the biological matrix do no interfere. The method was successfully applied to detect adenosine and guanosine in human urine without sample treatments.

A biocomposite material composed of sodium alginate (SA), Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles, and ionic liquid 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([DMIM]Br) was fabricated and used for the immobilization of myoglobin (Mb) on the surface of a carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE). The CILE was fabricated by mixing graphite powder with ionic liquid N -butylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate (BPPF 6 ) together. UV–Vis absorption and FTIR spectroscopic results indicated that Mb retained its native structure in the composite material. A pair of well-defined redox peaks appeared on the cyclic voltammogram in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) with the formal peak potential ( E 0′ ) at −0.256 V (versus SCE), which was the typical electrochemical behavior of Mb heme Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couples. The Mb-modified electrode showed good electrocatalytic activity to the reduction of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and NaNO 2 with wide linear range, good sensitivity, and reproducibility. The calibration range for TCA detection was between 0.6 and 12.0 mmol L −1 with the linear regression equation as Iss (μA) = 42.44 C (mmol L −1 ) + 50.57 and a detection limit of 0.4 mmol L −1 (3 σ ). The Mb-modified electrode also applied to NaNO 2 determination in the concentration range from 4.0 to 100.0 mmol L −1 with a detection limit of 1.3 mmol L −1 (3 σ ). So the proposed electrode has potential applications as third-generation biosensors.

A voltammetric sensor was fabricated by applying a Nafion and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite film on the surface of a carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE), which was prepared by mixing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate with graphite powder. The electrochemical behavior of adenine on the Nafion-MWCNTs/CILE was investigated in pH 5.5 buffer solution. Adenine showed an irreversible adsorption-controlled oxidation reaction with enhanced electrochemical response, which was due to the presence of high conductive MWCNTs on the CILE surface. The electrochemical parameters of adenine electro-oxidation were determined, and the experimental conditions were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the oxidation peak current was linear to the adenine concentration over the range of 1.0 × 10−7 to 7.0 × 10−5 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 3.3 × 10−8 mol L−1 (signal/noise = 3). The electrode showed good stability and selectivity, and was further applied to milk powder samples with satisfactory results.

An electrode modified with an ionic liquid was used for the electrochemical determination of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA). Cyclic voltammetry indicated a pair of well-defined quasi-reversible redox peaks with a formal peak potential located at 586 mV (vs. the SCE). The voltammetric response to DHBA is largely improved compared to a traditional carbon paste electrode. This is attributed to a larger interface (due to the presence of an ionic liquid) with higher conductivity and inherent catalytic capability. The charge transfer coefficient, the standard rate constant and the apparent diffusion coefficient were calculated. The oxidation peak current was linearly related to the concentration of DHBA in the range 0.8–1.5 mM, and the detection limit was 0.62 µM (at 3σ). The effect of potential interferents was investigated, and the method was successfully applied to the determination of DHBA in different samples.