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The study of faunal remains from archaeological sites is often complicated by the presence of large numbers of highly fragmented, morphologically unidentifiable bones. In Australia, this is the combined result of harsh preservation conditions and frequent scavenging by marsupial carnivores. The collagen fingerprinting method known as zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS) offers the means to address these challenges and improve identification rates of fragmented bones. Here, we present novel ZooMS peptide markers for 24 extant marsupial and monotreme species that allow for genus-level distinctions between these species. We demonstrate the utility of these new peptide markers by using them to taxonomically identify bone fragments from a nineteenth-century colonial-era pearlshell fishery at Bandicoot Bay, Barrow Island. The suite of peptide biomarkers presented in this study, which focus on a range of ecologically and culturally important species have the potential to significantly amplify the zooarchaeological and paleontological record of Australia.

A growing body of archaeological research in the western Gulf of Papua and its associated river systems has high- lighted the dynamic nature of occupation over the last few thousand years (Rhoads 1983; David 2008; Davidet al. 2010; McNivenet al. 2010; Barkeret al. 2012; Barkeret al. 2015; Davidet al. 2015). For example, it has been posited that the articulating stone-sago-pottery production systems and trade relations between the upper, middle and lower Kikori River effected regional polities, including marking the beginning of the social system which produced the headhunting cults described ethnographically (Davidet al. 2010; Barkeret al. 2015). This paper contributes to this body of evidence by utilising contemporary oral history and ar- chaeology to establish the timing of major social changes in the form of Kesele clan establishment and changes to the control and use of land on the upper Kikori River. It is proposed that the impact of long distance trade networks such as thehiripottery trade may have been one of the catalysts for changes to clan structures.

En los 150 años de investigaciones sobre el Paleolítico portugués realizados hasta el momento, sólo se cuenta con un reducido número de yacimientos cronológicamente atribuidos al Gravetiense dentro del marco geográfico del sudoeste peninsular. En este contexto, el asentamiento de Vale Boi (Algarve, Portugal) ha revelado datos muy importantes para el conocimiento del Pleistoceno superior con ocupaciones humanas del Paleolítico medio y superior. En este trabajo presentamos la información obtenida sobre la tecnología, la subsistencia, la territorialidad o la identidad de las comunidades gravetienses en Vale Boi. El conjunto de datos disponibles parece revelar una gran integridad tecnológica, social y cultural. La adaptación ecológica a esta área muestra características singulares cuando son comparadas con los registros gravetienses en otros territorios de la península ibérica. espite of c. 150 years of Paleolithic research in Portugal, only a small number of archaeological sites in southwestern Peninsula are attributed to the Gravettian. Thus, the archaeological site of Vale Boi (Southern Portugal) provides important data on the Early Upper Paleolithic of Southwestern Iberian Peninsula. The Vale Boi chronostratigraphy sequence is composed of middle and upper Paleolithic - Mousterian, Gravettian, Proto-Solutrean, Solutrean and Magdalenian. In this paper, we present the technological and subsistence patterns for the Gravettian of Vale Boi. All these patterns reveal technological high technological investment as well as social and cultural adaptation by these communities. This ecological adaptation to a new territory shows different characteristics when compared to the general patterns seen from the Gravettian of other areas of Iberia.

Located at the crossroads of two rather different ecological and cultural worlds (Mediterranean Spain and Portuguese Atlantic), the site of Vale Boi (Algarve, Portugal) is a crucial element in understanding the economic and social traits of the communit

Ejemplar dedicado a: "De punta a punta. El Solutrense en los albores del siglo XXI", [EN] Located at the crossroads of two rather different ecological and cultural worlds (Mediterranean Spain and Portuguese Atlantic), the site of Vale Boi (Algarve, Portugal) is a crucial element in understanding the economic and social traits of the communities that inhabited Southwestern Iberia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Combining an open-air with a rockshelter component, Vale Boi presents a lengthy Solutrean record starting with a Proto-Solutrean phase followed by a set of occupations in the 25 to 20.3 ka cal BP time-span. The very rich and well preserved assemblages proved that the site was treated, throughout, as a seasonal residential camp and although a striking combination of exogenous cultural traits has been identified, regional adaptive idiosyncrasies are quite evident. This paper focuses on the results of the lithics, fauna, beads and portable art analysis from Vale Boi, and their impact on the comprehension of the LGM ecodynamics in Southwestern Iberia., [ES] Localizado en el marco de dos contextos diferentes desde el punto de vista ecológico y cultural (el Mediterráneo español y el Atlántico portugués), el yacimiento de Vale Boi (Algarve, Portugal) es un lugar fundamental para comprender la organización económica y social de las comunidades que habitaron el sudoeste de la Península Ibérica durante el Último Máximo Glacial (LGM). Situado en una zona en la que se combinan ocupaciones al aire libre y en abrigo, Vale Boi presenta un amplio registro solutrense que comienza con el Proto-Solutrense y a la que le siguen un amplio número de ocupaciones entre el 25 y el 20,3 ka BP. El importante y bien preservado conjunto demuestra que este asentamiento funcionó como un campamento residencia estacional. Aunque han sido identificados diversos caracteres culturales de origen exógeno, son también evidentes los elementos adaptativos idiosincráticos. El presente artículo se centra en los resultados de los análisis del utillaje lítico, la fauna, las cuentas ornamentals y los objetos de arte mueble de Vale Boi y su impacto en la comprensión ecodinámica del LGM en el sudoeste de la Península Ibérica., We would like to thank a diversity of agencies that provided directly or indirectly means to obtain data from Vale Boi: Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Grants PTDC/HAH/64184/2006, SFRH/BD/65527/2009 and PTDC/HIS-ARQ/117540/2010), National Geographic Society (Grant #8045-06), National Science Foundation, and Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research (Grant #8290)