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The agrolandscapes and soils of southern Russia in the region of chestnut soils, due to soil and climatic features, with an increase in anthropogenic pressure, are subject to significant deterioration, the criterion of which is the level of crop yields below 5 c/ha in grain units. So, only in the Volgograd region at the moment the area of degraded agricultural land is about 1.3 million hectares. The purpose of the research conducted in 1997-2022 is to develop a set of organizational and technological methods for the formation of ecologically balanced agricultural landscapes in the dry steppe zone of chestnut soils. As a result of the research, the weight of each technological method, an element of the system structure is established and a set of organizational, agrotechnological and forest amelioration measures for the formation of ecologically balanced agricultural landscapes for the dry steppe zone of chestnut soils in southern Russia is synthesized, which provides not only the preservation of landscapes and agrolandscapes of the arid zone, but also allows you to form a new paradigm of sustainable farming and land use to achieve a given quantity and quality of products of the agricultural sector of the economy.

Since the inception of agriculture, it has been adapting for various natural and, above all, soil and climatic conditions. The geographical position of Russia and its vast expanses contribute to the use of various farming systems and agricultural technologies. For a long time in areas of insufficient moisture, systematic work was carried out to expand the diversity of crops, as a result, new crops appeared on the fields, such as triticale, chickpeas, safflower, spring and winter camelina, coriander, oil flax, which have positively proven themselves in the region. A significant contribution to the adaptability system is made by crop breeding, a vivid example of this is the promotion of winter wheat in the south-east of the Russian Federation. An adaptive cultivation methods are aimed at moisture accumulation and include soil protection tillage with stubble, mulching of the soil surface, creation of vegetable wings, snow retention, direct sowing, which provides additional moisture reserves in the meter soil layer up to 30-40 mm and an increase in crop productivity up to 6-8 centners / ha in grain units. At present, an important role belongs to new technologies for the use of symbiotic microorganisms that improve soil fertility. Zonal farming systems began to be practiced (since the 80s of the last century), including the system of dry farming in the Volgograd region, which determines the share of pure fallow in the amount of 20-24% of the arable land. In the modern system of agriculture, a worthy place is occupied by the forest reclamation complex, which performs an important protective and ecological function of preserving and restoring degraded territories and soils. As a result of the research, it was found that farming systems and crop cultivation technologies should contain the main elements or factors of adaptability, such as the arrangement of the territory (size and configuration of fields), a balanced proportion of the main categories of agricultural land (the structure of agricultural land), typification of arable land by slopes and humus content in the soil, adaptive crop rotation (by the number of fields, a set of crops, the method of alternating crops in space and time), the recommended amount of total forest cover, taking into account the zonal aspect , justified type and design of field shelterbelts, which ultimately ensures the formation of an ecologically balanced agricultural landscape.

The aim – to establish the features of left ventricular myocardial remodeling in men with postinfarction cardiosclerosis and to evaluate its relationship with the components of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Materials and methods. 164 patients with stable coronary heart disease and postinfarction cardiosclerosis were examined (100 % male, 53.0±9.14 years). The total antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) to cardiolipin, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, antibodies to β2-glycoprotein 1 (anti-β2-GP1) IgG and IgM classes were determined by ELISA. Echocardiography was performed by conventional methods, the type of left ventricular (LV) geometry was determined according to Ganau. Results and discussion. Positive levels of aPL and anti-β2-GP1 IgG were detected in 56.7 % of patients, including 33.5 % – double positivity for these antibodies. Positivity for aPL and anti-β2-GP1 IgG was associated with more significant echocardiographic signs of LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Among patients with positive levels of aPL and anti-β2-GP1 IgG LV hypertrophy were higher (2.5–3.0 times, p

Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a method of focal non-invasive brain stimulation, characterized by high spatial and temporal resolution. To date, diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation has been used in clinical practice primarily to assess an involvement of the upper motor neurons and to measure the velocity of the neuronal impulse propagation. However, in the last 10 years, a possible range of transcranial magnetic stimulation diagnostic applications has significantly expanded. Many transcranial magnetic stimulation approaches are coming from scientific laboratories to clinical practice due to an increased availability of transcranial magnetic stimulation equipment, in particular, magnetic resonance imaging navigation for transcranial magnetic stimulation and a combination of the transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography and also due to an increased awareness of the clinicians. The diagnostic potential of transcranial magnetic stimulation in relation to motor recovery after a stroke can be classified into 4 directions:1) assessment of the vertical tracts integrity (primarily, the cortico-spinal tract); 2) an assessment of the cortical excitation-inhibition balance;3) probing of the functional and effective connectivity among brain regions (primarily, cortical convexity and cerebellum);4) motor mapping to evaluate cortical reorganization.In this article we will present these 4 directions of the transcranial magnetic stimulation application to study motor system pathophysiology and to predict motor outcome in stroke, including both existing and developing approaches.

In this study, we have determined the specific heat of an aluminum alloy AB1 (Al + 1 wt % Be) with lithium in cooling mode from the known specific heat of a reference copper sample. Equations that describe the cooling rates of samples of AB1 alloy with lithium and a reference are obtained. The temperature dependences of the specific heat of the alloys and the reference are formed based on the calculated values of the cooling rates of the reference and the samples. The temperature dependences of the changes in the enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy of the AB1 alloy with lithium are calculated through integration of the specific heat. The specific heat, enthalpy, and entropy of the AB1 alloy increase with increasing lithium concentration and temperature, and the Gibbs energy decreases.

One of the important problems in cotton breeding is the creation of high-yielding, fast-maturing varieties with high fiber yield and quality and their wide use in production. In the world, the cotton plant occupies a key place in the world textile industry. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of these methods in creating genetically enriched selection materials based on a comparative study of the heredity, variability and formation of economic traits in cotton hybrids created by different methods of convergent hybridization. The analysis of the homogeneity index showed that the character index of convergent families based on the principle of transgressive recombination ranged from 86.7 % (O-329/30) to 88.3% (O-32/35). In families O-85/90 and O-325/26, it was 87.4% and 87.95%, respectively.

The use of a systematic approach to the study of the etiology of a certain pathology makes it possible to improve the understanding of its pathogenesis, as well as to develop more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, including improving the prediction of its risk. Within this review, we will consider such an area of interdisciplinary research as neurocardiology, which studies the brain-heart axis. Examples of cardiovascular diseases associated with organic and functional disorders of this axis will be considered, as well as the prospects for research in this area and their translational significance for clinical medicine.

Annotation. There is a tendency for an increase of incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) among young people, with the development of acute myocardial infarction (MI) in the absence of marked atherosclerosis and obstruction of the coronary arteries. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), cellular and humoral mediators of immunoinflammatory activation of endothelium are considered as factors of non-obstructive damage to the coronary vessels. New trigger factors for endothelial dysfunction, cardiac fibrosis, and myocardial hypertrophy include toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4). Antiphospholipid antibodies may act as endogenous activators of toll-like receptors. The study of the association between APS components and expression of toll-like receptors in patients with CHD with postinfarction cardiosclerosis remains relevant. The aim is to study the levels of TLR2 and TLR4 and its relationship with APS components in men with postinfarction cardiosclerosis. 164 patients with stable CHD with postinfarction cardiosclerosis (100% of men, age 53.0±9.14 years) and 48 men of control group (without CHD) were examined. Levels of total antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), antibodies to β2-glycoprotein 1 (anti-β2-GP 1) IgG and IgM, TLR2, TLR4 in serum were determined by ELISA. The studies were conducted in compliance with bioethical standards. Statistical processing of the results was performed in SPSS Statistics 22.0. Determined that men with postinfarction cardiosclerosis showed higher levels of TLR2 and TLR4 (in 1.8–2.2 times, p

Most of the modern agricultural landscapes (agrolandscapes) are significantly deformed in a varying degree. The relevance of systemic assessments of agricultural landscapes lies in prompt and objective identification of their ecological state and deviations, as well as timely development of measures for restoration and preservation of ecosystems. The methodological basis of the research is presented in the works by A.N. Kashtanov, A.A. Zhuchenko, V.A. Nikolaev, V.I. Kiryushin, A.G. Isachenko, M.I. Lopyrev, N.P. Masyutenko and other scientists. The conducted research has allowed revealing a significant impact of agricultural technologies and farming systems (up to 72-78%) on the agrolandscape of the arid zone of chestnut soils of the Volgograd region. The combination of these factors can lead the agricultural objects under study to a high degree of ecological balance or, conversely, to degradation. The authors have developed the system of criteria for direct, indirect and integrated assessment of the state of agricultural landscapes of steppe and dry-steppe zones of the Volgograd region. These criteria are estimated in points from 1 to 5: 5 points (absolutely balanced), 4 points (balanced), 3 points (medium balanced), 2 points (poorly balanced), 1 point or less (unbalanced). This assessment system has been tested on real objects. When calculating the average point, object “C” had 2.3 points (poorly balanced); object “I” – 2.9 points (medium balanced); and object “U” – 3.6 points (relatively balanced). The developed system of direct, indirect and integrated assessment of the state of agricultural landscapes for the conditions of insufficient humidity allows for objective evaluation of agricultural objects in terms of their ecological balance. The system can be used as the basis for regulation of anthropogenic load on the agricultural sphere as well as for timely adoption of organizational and technological measures aimed at restoration of ecological balance in the conditions of insufficient humidity peculiar of the southern regions of the Russian Federation.

The characteristics of formation of the opal mineralization in the host rock within Mutnovskaya volcanic zone were studied. The type of metasomatic rock alteration and its consecutive order were established. The results of study allowed identifying the mineral inclusions in opals, which was linked to the metalliferousness of the Mutnovsky hydrothermal system. Probable mechanism of opals formation within the North Mutnovskaya zone is considered, and its characteristics are compared to those from the opal field Raduzhnoye, Primorye.

Boreal waters are typically low in minerals and oligotrophic, and therefore particularly sensitive to changes in mineral composition. We investigated the effects of potassium and the potassium: sodium (K+: Na+) ratio in freshwater on growth performance and oxidative stress in a typical northern species of whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus. Fish were subjected to 0.8 mM Na and 4.4 mM K, which corresponds to the K+:Na+ ratio in a lake contaminated by mining wastes from the Kostomuksha iron mine and ore dressing mill in northwestern Russia. The control group was subjected to water with similar mineralization levels and equal amounts of Na and K (approximately 0.3 mM of each). Potassium excess caused a decrease in fish growth rate and oxidative stress, as indicated by the level of lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA). Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) were not affected by cation composition.

The content of total lipids, total phospholipids, and fatty acids of total lipids in muscles and liver of juvenile Lake Baikal sympatric coregonid fishes have been analyzed for the first time under a common garden experiment. Baikal omul, Coregonus migratorius Georgi, is an active migrant of the pelagic zones of the lake. Baikal (lacustrine) whitefish, C. baicalensis Dybowski, is a colonizer of the bottom habitats, which are relevant to the pelagic zones of the littoral and underwater slope. Structural lipids (phospholipids and cholesterol) dominated in total lipids of the tissues of all fish under study. Spare lipids significantly prevailed in omul muscles when compared to whitefish. The highest variability of fatty acid composition was reported in muscles of coregonid fishes. Statistically significant differences were revealed in the content of the ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in muscles of lacustrine whitefish and omul. Associations of lipid compositions revealed in tissues of the whitefishes under the study with their respective ecotypes have been discussed.

We studied the growth performance and lipid composition of liver, muscles and visceral fat in rainbow trout Parasalmo mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) and the diets used in its cultivation during the spring-summer season. The differences in dietary lipid composition determined modifications in the biochemical composition of tissues of rainbow trout and had an effect on the weight and growth rate of the fish. Trophic and seasonal factors also had their influence on the studied parameters. The degree of influence depended on the functional characteristics of tissues and organs of rainbow trout.

The base levels and seasonal variability of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, reduced glutathione concentration (GSH) and phospholipids concentration (PhL) of Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Coregonus muksun (Pallas, 1814) were investigated. The relationships between this biochemical markers, hepatosomatic index and seasonal growth were also examined.

Echocardiographic parameters were analyzed in newborn infants who had experienced cerebral ischemia. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) 30-50% packed cell volume; 2) 51-68% packed cell volume. Group 2 was found to have reductions in left ventricular linear dimensions and volume indices, which might suggest that there was a trend for higher rigidity and lower contractility of the myocardium. The findings of neonatal infants who have experienced cerebral ischemia and have a packed cell volume of more than 50% may be interpreted as the preclinical manifestations of myocardial dysfunction.

Urban public spaces in the context of the sociology of architecture are considered, the definition of the urban creative space is given, the creative spaces’ role in the transformation processes of the formation of a modern urban environment is analyzed, the specifics of their organization forms and methods are considered in the article. It is proposed to use the existing public spaces adjoined to the houses of culture that often have their own unique history, identity and “memory of the place” as the platforms for the development of the city’s creative potential. The organization principles and methods of creative spaces in the context of Volgograd regional features based on the scenario approach that provides the development of the types: “scenography”, “activity”, “information”, “arrangement scenarios” are formulated. The conclusion about the need to preserve the specific city spaces containing outstanding historical elements and about the creative spaces’ formation on the basis of the historical succession principle built on a combination of historical objects and new environmental components is made.

The complex two-phase model based on the well-mixed and two-phase models is presented. The profiles of concentrations and temperatures in microparticles are obtained. The average concentrations and temperatures at the active sites of the catalyst are determined. Heat exchange efficiency on the basis of temperature dependence on technological parameters was studied.

The kinetics of propylene and ethylene copolymerization in a fluidized bed reactor is considered. Dynamic reactor model based on material balance of monomers, copolymer and copolymerization kinetics has been developed in order to obtain predicted data on monomer flow, copolymer concentration under different process conditions. The complex two-phase model is presented based on two models: well-mixed and two-phase model. The profiles of concentrations and temperatures in microparticles are obtained, and the average concentrations and temperatures at the active sites of the catalyst are determined. The dependences of temperature on the height of the fluidized bed of the reactor at different gas incoming velocity and at different temperature of the monomer input are obtained. Mathematical model that is basis of creating expert control complex of PEBC synthesis process and allow to make quantitative connection between technological parameters of reactors which allows to control technological mode with the acceptable accuracy is presented. Experiment catalytic system is microspheric titanium trichloride (MS-TiCl3) and co-catalyst-diethylaluminum chloride.

Background. Arthrogryposis is one of the most severe congenital abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system characterized by 2 or more contractures of the large joints, muscle and anterior grey column pathology. One of the main problems making selfcare limited or impossible for the patients is an absence of the active movements in the joints of the upper extremities which can be restored through autologous transplantation from the various donor areas. Processes of the rehabilitation after these operations are associated with neuronal remodeling in the central nervous system both in the spinal cord and the brain, in the cortial regions in particular.The objective is to evaluate possible reflection of arthrogryposis in the amplitude and neurodynamical characteristics of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in children.Materials and methods. Electrophysiological characteristics of the cerebral cortex in children with arthrogryposis and healthy children of the same age were examined. Such EEG characteristics as power and long-range temporal correlations (evaluation of the neuronal activity dynamics) in ranges of 4–8, 8–12, and 12–16 Hz were measured. The results were evaluated in accordance with clinical scales.Results. Data analysis has shown that children with arthrogryposis have significantly decreased EEG power in all of the studied ranges compared to healthy children. Additionally, a significant correlation between EEG power and the level of restoration of motor functions in the upper extremities after autologous transplantation of various muscle groups in the position of the biceps was observed. The obtained results reflect correlation between the electrophysiological parameters of the cerebral cortex and processes associated with arthrogryposis pathology. However, neurodynamical parameters in children with arthrogryposis are similar to those in healthy children. The results allow to state that arthrogryposis is reflected through decreased electrical activity of the cerebral cortex in 4–16 Hz range with preservation of neurodynamic characteristics typical for disease-free children.Conclusion. In this study, a significant difference in EEG power in 4–8, 8–12, and 12–16 Hz ranges between children with arthrogryposis and healthy children was demonstrated. However, there was no difference in such an important neurodynamical characteristic as longrange temporal correlations. It is possible that decreased amplitude of EEG rhythms in children with arthrogryposis is caused by their lower motor activity in general.

It is shown that the number of solar proton events (SPEs) with proton energies (E) higher than 10 and 100 MeV in the current solar cycle (cycle 24) differs slightly from the number of the same events in earlier cycles (cycles 21–23), even though solar activity was low during the growth and maximum phase in cycle 24. A deficit was in this case observed for the most powerful GLE events, which are characterized by high proton fluxes with E > 100 MeV. The ratio of the number of SPEs with E > 10 and 100 MeV to the number of sunspots in cycle 24 doubled, compared to the same ratio in cycles 21–23, and the relative number of GLEs fell by more than half. The characteristics of flares and coronal mass ejections associated with proton events with E > 100 MeV in cycle 24 were virtually the same as the analogous parameters in cycle 23.

The solar proton singularities in cycles 20–23 were compared. For such a comparison, it is of special importance to present information about solar proton events (SPEs) uniformly. The Katalog working group, including representatives of different institutions, created SPE catalogs for 1970–2010. These catalogs include solar events with E ≥ 10 MeV proton fluxes exceeding 1 cm−2 s−1 sr−1 near the Earth. The various conditions that accompany SPEs result in a considerable scatter of the flux parameters and energy spectra and in a difference in time profiles. Regularities in the distribution of these parameters during four solar activity cycles can be specifically revealed only based on a statistical approach that is used in this work. In this case a comparison can be successful only when the analyzed data series are homogeneous. Solar activity singularities during the entire period of SPE measurements (from cycle 19 to the end of cycle 23) are described. The methods for adjusting solar events in particles that are registered near the Earth to solar sources are of special importance. These statistical data suggest that the number of SPEs in the cycles and the event distribution within a solar cycle may indicate that the SPE generation character is different in cycles 20–21 and 22–23.

Study of the reaction of alkylation of ortho-, meta-, and para-cresols with propanol-1 in the presence of ferrite cobalt and manganese catalysts is reported. The effect of the catalyst composition and reaction conditions on the yield and isomeric composition of the resulting propyl derivatives of cresol was examined and the main and side conversions occurring in the catalysis were determined.

Aim. To investigate the specifics of ischemic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP), platelet aggregation activity, and the reaction of the latter to the beta-adrenoblocker (β-AB) therapy with atenolol or bisoprolol. Results. In DCMP patients, a significant increase in velocity and maximal amplitude of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, as well as a significant reduction in the time to the maximal aggregation amplitude, was observed. In both therapy groups, all parameters of platelet aggregation activity were significantly higher in ischemic vs. idiopathic DCMP patients. Long-term bisoprolol therapy provided a more manifested antiaggregant effect of the basis treatment, compared to atenolol therapy. Conclusion. DCMP patients, especially ones with ischemic DCMP, demonstrated an increase in platelet aggregation activity. Long-term bisoprolol therapy facilitated a more pronounced anti-aggregant effect of the basis treatment, compared to atenolol treatment.

Using the data on solar proton fluxes measured on board the GOES satellites, the most powerful solar proton events (SPEs) of solar cycle 23 are selected, and ionization rates in the atmosphere in these periods at high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere are calculated. Assuming that each ion pair formed at the retardation of solar protons in the atmosphere leads to the formation of 1.25 molecules of nitric oxide, 2.0 molecules of the OH radical, and one oxygen atom, changes in the content of ozone, nitrogen and other compounds were calculated using a photochemical model. The calculations showed that the strongest ionization and destruction of ozone was caused by SPEs that occurred on July 14, 2000; November 8, 2000; November 4, 2001; and October 28, 2003. The results can form the basis for compiling the catalog of changes in ionization and ozone in the atmosphere caused by solar proton activity.

In this article dynamics of distraction narcotism in Russia is analyzed, the important role of the preventive measures is marked, allowing to lower to a minimum an opportunity of outflow of narcotics and psychotropic substances from legal channels, including ad a stage of distribution

Materials on methods for diagnostics and repair of centrifugal oil transfer pump rotor shaft are considered. Results of research on reconditioning worn-out pump shaft journals are presented with provision of surface low roughness by a method of mechanical and ultrasound surface ruggedizing final finish. Analysis of the results attained by the ultrasound ruggedizing finish of a pump shaft and inspection of the superficial layer quality has shown the method, when applied, to considerably increase equipment availability, reliability, and serviceability.

Electron bunching processes in a carcinotrode (backward-wave oscillator with self-modulation of electron emission) operating in the high-efficiency regime determined previously are investigated. The possibility of obtaining an efficiency of about 80% is explained from the physical viewpoint.

Analysis and systematization of proton activity in the declining phase near the minimum of the 23rd cycle of solar activity in the period 2004–2005 have been performed. Flux, spectral, energy, and some temporal characteristics of the solar proton events observed in the near-Earth space during the noted period are investigated and reported.

The wind regime in a territory with forest groves is examined. Dependences are given for calculating the average and maximum wind speeds in the spaces between groves with afforestation from 0.4 to 22%.

The reaction of 1-naphthol with methanol in the presence of mordenite catalysts was studied. The synthesis conditions ensuring high yields of methylnaphthols, methylnaphthalenes, or methoxynaphthalene were determined.

We describe the model of nonlinear non-stationary discrete electron-wave interaction in a finite segment of the slow-wave structure (SWS). It is based on the equation of excitation in the finite-differences 2-th order, which includes local coupling impedance and the electron beam current determined by averaging of local currents on the width of the gap. The method of large particles is used in current calculations. The algorithm and a results example are presented. The model can be used for simulating of the process of fixing of oscillations in the discrete SWS.

The non-stationary model and its program realization for simulating carsinotrodes show the opportunity of a considerable increase of the efficiency η. The four main parameters are chosen for the optimal variant with η=82 % and the phase trajectories are presented for several time moments. The physical explanation of such high efficiency are considered.

In warm seasons of the year, the major unfavourable factors in the labour conditions of bus-drivers engaged in local and transrepublican bus routes were heating microclimate, neuropsychic and physical overload, excessive noise levels. The unsatisfactory labour conditions resulted into strain and overstrain of the thermoregulatory function and cardio-vascular system, decreased working capacity and increased fatiguability, as well as in development of nonspecific pathology in the drivers. Improving of the labour conditions should include measures towards optimization of the microclimate and modernization of the cabin's design, rationalization of the labour regimen and improvement of services on the roads.