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Bio resource based metal oxide nanoparticles has potential biomedical applications. In recent years lot of research is concentrated on the production of semiconductor ZnO nanoparticles through a greener approach. The present study is focused on the biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from the ethanolic extract of Delonix Elata leaves. The preliminary phytochemical screening analysis was carried out for the ethanolic extract of Delonix Elata leaves. The biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized using modern analytical techniques such as UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX). The antioxidant potential of the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles are investigated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay and anti-inflammatory activity by bovine serum denaturation assay. The outcome of the studies clearly showed that the zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from the ethanolic extract of Delonix Elata leaves have potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

What does it mean to be young and poor in Iran? How does the youth living in uncertainty and with few economic resources manage to build a life which is decent and valuable to them? Why is the tens...

This article navigates ruptures and transformations in the processes of resistance performed by Iranian workers between two key events of the history of contemporary Iran: the 1979 Revolution and the 2009 Green Movement. It explores how labor activism emerged in the Islamic Republic, and illustrates how it managed to survive. Drawing from the concepts of resistance, collective awareness and counter-conduct as its theoretical basis – between Antonio Gramsci and Michel Foucault – the article details the changing strategies that workers adopted over time and space to cope with the absence of trade unions, monitoring activities, and repression in the workplace. It demonstrates that workers' agency was never fully blocked by the Islamic Republic. However, it tests the limits imposed by the social context to discourage activism, beyond state coercive measures and policies.

Introduction: With limited resources for rehabilitation, burn therapists throughout the world rely on local resources, professional creativity and community relationships to create solutions to help their patients recover. The demands of helping a burn survivor achieve an optimal outcome drive the burn therapist to create tools and strategies that effectively solve common problems after burn injury. Methods: The International Society for Burn Injury (ISBI) invited burn therapists from around the world to describe the innovations that they have created to solve burn rehabilitation problems. The submissions were provided through an online form and inclusion of photographs was encouraged. Each submission was reviewed in a blinded manner by an expert panel of three independent rehabilitation therapists from the ISBI Rehabilitation Committee. The submissions were reviewed for originality, utility, quality and safety, then edited and compiled to be shared and disseminated throughout the world. Results: A total of 77 innovations were submitted for review. 71 were accepted for publication (92%) and given the opportunity to publish in Burns Open. Clinicians from 15 countries submitted innovations. The innovations were categorized as: Orthosis, Scar Management, Techniques, Activities of Daily Living Devices, Educational Tools and Prosthesis. Nineteen submissions were translated from Spanish to English. Discussion: Creative and innovative ideas using local resources are turned into patient solutions by experienced burn therapists around the world. However, because such innovations don’t reach widespread investigation or production, the ideas remain in a silo in the local area when they could be of use to therapists in other cultures. This project resulted in a book of “Innovative Solutions in Burn Rehabilitation from Around the World,” that was printed and is now available as this Special Edition in Burns Open. Future work would include expanding on the book with more innovative solutions and translating it into multiple languages to improve access and usability throughout the world.

Introduction: With limited resources for rehabilitation, burn therapists throughout the world rely on local resources, professional creativity and community relationships to create solutions to help their patients recover. The demands of helping a burn survivor achieve an optimal outcome drive the burn therapist to create tools and strategies that effectively solve common problems after burn injury. Methods: The International Society for Burn Injury (ISBI) invited burn therapists from around the world to describe the innovations that they have created to solve burn rehabilitation problems. The submissions were provided through an online form and inclusion of photographs was encouraged. Each submission was reviewed in a blinded manner by an expert panel of three independent rehabilitation therapists from the ISBI Rehabilitation Committee. The submissions were reviewed for originality, utility, quality and safety, then edited and compiled to be shared and disseminated throughout the world. Results: A total of 77 innovations were submitted for review. 71 were accepted for publication (92%) and given the opportunity to publish in Burns Open. Clinicians from 15 countries submitted innovations. The innovations were categorized as: Orthosis, Scar Management, Techniques, Activities of Daily Living Devices, Educational Tools and Prosthesis. Nineteen submissions were translated from Spanish to English. Discussion: Creative and innovative ideas using local resources are turned into patient solutions by experienced burn therapists around the world. However, because such innovations don’t reach widespread investigation or production, the ideas remain in a silo in the local area when they could be of use to therapists in other cultures. This project resulted in a book of “Innovative Solutions in Burn Rehabilitation from Around the World,” that was printed and is now available as this Special Edition in Burns Open. Future work would include expanding on the book with more innovative solutions and translating it into multiple languages to improve access and usability throughout the world.

Recently, the biosynthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using plant extract gained great attention compared to other methods. In this work, CuO nanomaterial was synthesized by using the leaf extract of Solanum trilobatum. Synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles were characterized by UV, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and EDX to determine the functional group, crystalline size, shape, and elemental composition of the synthesized nanoparticles. The X-ray diffraction and SEM results confirmed that the synthesized CuO NPs were crystalline in nature and the average size was found to be 38.34 nm. The spherical shape of CuO NPs was reported in the green approach, but first-time pentagons, cubes, and elongated forms of CuO NPs are found in this work. The EDX studies showed that the Solanum trilobatum mediated CuO NPs contain 53.57 % of copper and 46.43% of oxygen. Synthesized CuO NPs were tested against the five pathogenic bacteria and they showed a very good zone of inhibition compared with copper sulfate and plant extract. Especially against Escherichia Coli, Solanum trilobatum mediated CuO NPs performed well inhibitory effect.

Adhesive Capsulitis (AC) is a musculoskeletal disorder initially described by Codman in 1934. The disease is characterized by pain-limited restriction in active and passive glenohumeral range of motion (ROM) despite the lack of a structural deficit. In the last decades, arthroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been the only diagnostic tools able to highlight the characteristic alterations of the glenohumeral capsular-ligament apparatus in AC; nevertheless, both arthroscopy and MRI are burdened by intrinsic limitations. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the most significant evidence supporting the use of ultrasound (US) for the diagnosis of AC.We extensively searched via PubMed library the terms "frozen-shoulder" and "adhesive capsulitis" each combined with "ultrasound".We found 3723 papers on PubMed and selected those inherent to AC diagnosis, US imaging, correlation with arthroscopic and MRI findings. Forty papers which were strictly related to the topic of this narrative review were initially chosen, then 20 studies which described and exploited US for AC diagnosis were finally included. Coracohumeral ligament (2.65 ± 0.4 mm) and axillary pouch thickening (3.34 ± 0.8 mm), as well as an increase in vascularity at rotator interval (78/214, 36.44%), represented the commonest US signs useful for AC diagnosis and for which the most significant cut-off values were reported.The evidence collected in this review testify that musculoskeletal US is as reliable as MRI for AC diagnosis, therefore we believe that in this context US should be considered a first-line imaging technique.

Background. Growing evidence suggests that sublobar resections offer more favorable outcomes than lobectomy in early-stage lung cancer surgery. However, a percentage of cases that cannot be ignored develops disease recurrence irrespective of the surgery performed with curative intent. The goal of this work is thus to compare different surgical approaches, namely, lobectomy and segmentectomy (typical and atypical) to derive prognostic and predictive markers. Patients and Methods. Here we analyzed a cohort of 153 NSCLC patients in clinical stage TNM I who underwent pulmonary resection surgery with a mediastinal hilar lymphadenectomy from January 2017 to December 2021, with an average follow-up of 25.5 months. Partition analysis was also applied to the dataset to detect outcome predictors. Results. The results of this work showed similar OS between lobectomy and typical and atypical segmentectomy for patients with stage I NSCLC. In contrast, lobectomy was associated with a significant improvement in DFS compared with typical segmentectomy in stage IA, while in stage IB and overall, the two treatments were similar. Atypical segmentectomy showed the worst performance, especially in 3-year DFS. Quite unexpectedly, outcome predictor ranking analysis suggests a prominent role of smoking habits and respiratory function, irrespective of the tumor histotype and the patient’s gender. Conclusions. Although the limited follow-up interval cannot allow conclusive remarks about prognosis, the results of this study suggest that both lung volumes and the degree of emphysema-related parenchymal damage are the strongest predictors of poor survival in lung cancer patients. Overall, these data point out that greater attention should be addressed to the therapeutic intervention for co-existing respiratory diseases to obtain optimal control of early lung cancer.

MPM has a uniquely poor somatic mutational landscape, mainly driven by environmental selective pressure. This feature has dramatically limited the development of effective treatment. However, genomic events are known to be associated with MPM progression, and specific genetic signatures emerge from the exceptional crosstalk between neoplastic cells and matrix components, among which one main area of focus is hypoxia. Here we discuss the novel therapeutic strategies focused on the exploitation of MPM genetic asset and its interconnection with the surrounding hypoxic microenvironment as well as transcript products and microvesicles representing both an insight into the pathogenesis and promising actionable targets.

Lung cancer (LC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represent leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Common risk factors lead to an increased inflammatory response, enhances oxidative stress, and changes in lung microenvironment contributing to fine-tuned interaction between these respiratory disorders. Despite evidence that COPD represents a main risk factor for LC, assessment of LC risk features among COPD patients is not routinely considered in the clinical practice. In LC patients concurrent COPD may impact on clinical scenario influencing the response to treatment. Better understanding LC and COPD coexistence may impact on clinical scenario influencing therapeutic approach. In this review, we describe the basis of this network and how the complex interplay between these respiratory disorders affects the clinical decision-making process.

In the light of the increasing prevalence of diabetes, research on non-invasive blood sugar measuring devices have begun to be developed, one of which utilizes infrared spectroscopy methods. This method uses a pair of IR LED and photodiode placed in line. In doing so, the location of its placement in the human body has to be considered, thereby enabling the photodiode to capture the light emitted by the IR LED. Therefore, the voltage data generated by the photodiode circuit in several parts of the body is taken as the representation of the ability of the photodiode to absorb infrared light. A higher voltage value is captured in the range of 1 Volt when the sensor is on the finger. Meanwhile, there is no voltage read on the wrist. The results of this study will be used as a reference to determine the location of the sensor placement in the designed blood glucose monitoring device.

In the present work, cotton fabrics were dyed using the acidified aqueous extract of Psuderanthimum reticulatum leaves with different mordants such as ferrous sulphate, stannous chloride, copper sulphate, potash alum and ferric alum by premordanting technique and various shades were obtained. The washing, perspiration and light fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were carried out by standard methods, ISO 105-C06 A2S-2010, ISO 105 E04-2013 and ISO 105 B02 Methods 3:2014, respectively. Cotton fabrics dyed with copper sulphate and ferric alum showed excellent to very good properties towards the entire fastness tests studied. The bioactive colourant present in the aqueous extract of Psuderanthimum reticulatum responsible for dyeing is anthocyanin pigment and it was identified by chemical test, UV & FTIR spectral and HPLC analysis.

Background Dermoscopic content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems provide a set of visually similar dermoscopic (magnified and illuminated) skin images with a pathology-confirmed diagnosis for a given dermoscopic query image of a skin lesion. Although recent advances in machine learning have spurred novel CBIR algorithms, we have few insights into how end users interact with CBIRs and to what extent CBIRs can be useful for education and image interpretation. Materials and methods We developed an interactive user interface for a CBIR system with dermoscopic images as a decision support tool and investigated users' interactions and decisions with the system. We performed a pilot experiment with 14 non-medically trained users for a given set of annotated dermoscopic images. Results Our pilot showed that the number of correct classifications and users' confidence levels significantly increased with the CBIR interface compared with a non-CBIR interface, although the timing also increased significantly. The users found the CBIR interface of high educational value, engaging and easy to use. Conclusion Overall, users became more accurate, found the CBIR approach provided a useful decision aid, and had educational value for learning about skin conditions.

A research was conducted for evaluating an alternative management under evaporation stress of the reservoir El Cuchillo, which supplies water to the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey (AMM, Spanish acronym) located in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. The surface sources of water supplies for the AMM come from three reservoirs: La Boca, El Cuchillo and Cerro Prieto, which are integrated in a single system and exchange water with two reservoirs, Marte R. Gomez and Las Blancas. Due to high temperatures during the whole year, especially in the summer, as well as the big surface area of the pool, El Cuchillo is a big source of water loss by evaporation. This research conducted an analysis to achieve alternative scenarios for water management in reservoirs facing this problem, by applying the model HEC-ResSim. This model, created by the US Army Corps of Engineers, has a multi reservoir simulator and can simulate water resource systems from many sources. The present study used monthly observed data from 1994 to 2014 of reservoir volume, inflow and diversion; in addition, hydraulic data from the reservoirs were used to develop the numerical model. The results show that it is possible to increase the reservoir diversion and obtain 50 % more water for the scenario 1 and 70 % more for the scenario 2 during a period of 20 years from 1994 to 2014, if these cycles of evaporation are taking in consideration.

Introducción y objetivos: Algunas especies de helechos cheilanthoideos son caracterizados por presentar adaptaciones a hábitats xéricos. Además, presentan la particularidad de enrollar sus láminas frente a condiciones de stress hídrico. Sin embargo, al retornar las condiciones ambientales óptimas las láminas se vuelven a expandir. El objetivo de este trabajo es proporcionar información morfo-anatómica de las frondes y asociar estructuras anatómicas a estos movimientos foliares.M&M: Se estudiaron mediante microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido la morfo-anatomía de las frondes de cuatro especies: Adiantopsis radiata, Cheilanthes glauca, Doryopteris concolor, y D. pentagona. Además, se analizó la densidad de los estomas y se calculó el índice estomático.Resultados: Se observó mesófilo homogéneo en A. radiata y D. pentagona. Cheilanthes glauca y Doryopteris concolor presentaron mesófilo heterogéneo dorsiventral. Todas las especies mostraron hojas hipoestómaticas y estomas de tipo anomocítico. El índice estomático osciló entre 9,1% (A. radiata) y 14,1% (D. concolor) y el rango de densidad de los estomas fue de 39,7 (D. pentagona) y 57,8 (D. concolor).Conclusiones: El mesófilo observado en A. radiata y D. pentagona refleja la especialización para habitar ambientes mesófilos. El mesófilo heterogéneo dorsiventral de Doryopteris concolor podría ser una ventaja para su hábito epifítico facultativo. Cheilanthes glauca tiene características xeromorfas y mesomorfas, probablemente como resultado de la disponibilidad de agua en el ambiente durante las diferentes estaciones. Se propone como hipótesis que el engrosamiento de las paredes anticlinales de las células epidérmicas podría estar involucrados en los movimientos de las láminas.

One commonly used clinical approach towards detecting melanomas recognises the existence of Ugly Duckling nevi, or skin lesions which look different from the other lesions on the same patient. An automatic method of detecting and analysing these lesions would help to standardize studies, compared with manual screening methods. However, it is difficult to obtain expertly-labelled images for ugly duckling lesions. We therefore propose to use self-supervised machine learning to automatically detect outlier lesions. We first automatically detect and extract all the lesions from a wide-field skin image, and calculate an embedding for each detected lesion in a patient image, based on automatically identified features. These embeddings are then used to calculate the L2 distances as a way to measure dissimilarity. Using this deep learning method, Ugly Ducklings are identified as outliers which should deserve more attention from the examining physician. We evaluate through comparison with dermatologists, and achieve a sensitivity rate of 72.1% and diagnostic accuracy of 94.2% on the held-out test set., Accepted at Sixth ISIC Skin Image Analysis Workshop @ CVPR 2021

Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is characterized by the deposition of amyloid fibers derived from pathologic immunoglobulin light chains. Although systemic plasma cell neoplasms are the most common cause of AL amyloidosis, a subset of cases is caused by B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders such as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma or extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). Recently, SOX11-negative IGH hypermutated mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is recognized to show frequent plasmacytic differentiation and indolent clinical course. Here we report three cases of peritumoral AL amyloidosis associated with SOX11-negative MCL. All three cases showed Cyclin D1 expression by immunohistochemistry and CCND1 translocation as detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Peritumoral AL amyloidosis was observed at the biopsy sites in the GI tract, a supraclavicular lymph node, and a cervical lymph node, and all presented with marked plasmacytic differentiation of lymphoma cells. None of the cases showed evidence of bone marrow involvement by morphology and immunophenotyping. None of the patients had distant organ involvement with systemic amyloidosis. All three patients had an indolent clinical course and are alive with disease at the time of last follow up (range 48–74 months). Our findings show that MCL with plasmacytic differentiation can cause amyloid deposition and CCND1 abnormalities should be performed in all cases of extramedullary AL amyloidosis. Recognition of indolent MCL as a cause of peritumoral AL amyloidosis may have important clinical management implications.

Medical image diagnosis can be achieved by deep neural networks, provided there is enough varied training data for each disease class. However, a hitherto unknown disease class not encountered during training will inevitably be misclassified, even if predicted with low probability. This problem is especially important for medical image diagnosis, when an image of a hitherto unknown disease is presented for diagnosis, especially when the images come from the same image domain, such as dermoscopic skin images. Current out-of-distribution detection algorithms act unfairly when the in-distribution classes are imbalanced, by favouring the most numerous disease in the training sets. This could lead to false diagnoses for rare cases which are often medically important. We developed a novel yet simple method to train neural networks, which enables them to classify in-distribution dermoscopic skin disease images and also detect novel diseases from dermoscopic images at test time. We show that our BinaryHeads model not only does not hurt classification balanced accuracy when the data is imbalanced, but also consistently improves the balanced accuracy. We also introduce an important method to investigate the effectiveness of out-of-distribution detection methods based on presence of varying amounts of out-of-distribution data, which may arise in real-world settings., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures

The necessity to conduct hydrological studies for water resources management, infrastructure design and, ecosystems protection can help mitigate flood and drought hazards. Prediction of low flows remains an important task for water management and ecosystems protection that can affect streams during low-flow periods. There have been many approaches to low flow prediction applying either statistical or deterministic methods, but there has not been any successful approach to link low flows between similar watersheds yet. The Fenton, Natchaug and Mount Hope Rivers watersheds are neighbors and are the major streams that discharge into the Mansfield Hollow Lake that belongs to the Thames River watershed, located in Northeast of the State of Connecticut in USA. A study to determine whether and how water withdrawals from the University’s Fenton River water supply wells affect the fisheries habitat of the Fenton River adjacent to the well field was conducted for four years at the beginning of 2002. The Mount Hope River was the only river with a long record of daily discharges available since the year 1940, meanwhile the Fenton and Natchaug River remained ungagged until the year 2006. This research developed and tested two mathematical models for the prediction of minimum discharges in the Fenton and Natchaug Rivers with the discharges available from the Mount Hope River. Yearly Low Flow Duration Curves (LFFC) and Weibull distribution methods were applied to the three rivers to predict the low flows in the Fenton and Natchaug Rivers taking as input the minimum flows and dates in the Mount Hope River. The results found that the Weibull distribution model showed a much better accuracy than the Low Flow Duration Curve method for the prediction of low flows discharges in the Fenton and Natchaug Rivers.

Rationale: The impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) has not been established. Objectives: To assess outcomes in patients with ILD hospitalized for COVID-19 versus those without ILD in a contemporaneous age-, sex-, and comorbidity-matched population. Methods: An international multicenter audit of patients with a prior diagnosis of ILD admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 between March 1 and May 1, 2020, was undertaken and compared with patients without ILD, obtained from the ISARIC4C (International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium) cohort, admitted with COVID-19 over the same period. The primary outcome was survival. Secondary analysis distinguished idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis from non–idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ILD and used lung function to determine the greatest risks of death. Measurements and Main Results: Data from 349 patients with ILD across Europe were included, of whom 161 were admitted to the hospital with laboratory or clinical evidence of COVID-19 and eligible for propensity score matching. Overall mortality was 49% (79/161) in patients with ILD with COVID-19. After matching, patients with ILD with COVID-19 had significantly poorer survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.60; confidence interval, 1.17–2.18; P = 0.003) than age-, sex-, and comorbidity-matched controls without ILD. Patients with an FVC of Conclusions: Patients with ILD are at increased risk of death from COVID-19, particularly those with poor lung function and obesity. Stringent precautions should be taken to avoid COVID-19 in patients with ILD.

Psychology research has shown that song lyrics are a rich source of data, yet they are often overlooked in the field of MIR compared to audio. In this paper, we provide an initial assessment of the usefulness of features drawn from lyrics for various fields, such as MIR and Music Psychology. To do so, we assess the performance of lyric-based text features on 3 MIR tasks, in comparison to audio features. Specifically, we draw sets of text features from the field of Natural Language Processing and Psychology. Further, we estimate their effect on performance while statistically controlling for the effect of audio features, by using a hierarchical regression statistical model. Lyric-based features show a small but statistically significant effect, that anticipates further research. Implications and directions for future studies are discussed.

BackgroundThe recent outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has led to a worldwide pandemic. A subset of COVID-19 patients progresses to severe disease, with high mortality and limited treatment options. Detailed knowledge of the expression regulation of genes required for viral entry into respiratory epithelial cells is urgently needed.MethodsHere we assess the expression patterns of genes required for SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells, and their regulation by genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors, throughout the respiratory tract using samples collected from the upper (nasal) and lower airways (bronchi).FindingsGenes encoding viral receptors and activating protease are increased in the nose compared to the bronchi in matched samples and associated with the proportion of secretory epithelial cells in cellular deconvolution analyses. Current or ex-smoking was found to increase expression of these genes only in lower airways, which was associated with a significant increase in the predicted proportion of goblet cells. Both acute and second hand smoke exposure were found to increase ACE2 expression while inhaled corticosteroids decrease ACE2 expression in the lower airways. A strong association of DNA- methylation with ACE2 and TMPRSS2- mRNA expression was identified.InterpretationGenes associated with SARS-CoV-2 viral entry into cells are high in upper airways, but strongly increased in lower airways by smoke exposure. In contrast, ICS decreases ACE2 expression, indicating that inhaled corticosteroids are unlikely to increase the risk for more severe COVID-19 disease.FundingThis work was supported by a Seed Network grant from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative to M.C.N. and by the European Union’s H2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement no. 874656 (discovAIR) to M.C.N. U BIOPRED was supported by an Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking (No. 115010), resources from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) and EFPIA companies’ in kind contribution (www.imi.europa.eu). Longfonds Junior Fellowship. We acknowledge the contribution of the whole U-BIOPRED team as listed in the Appendix S1.’ SDB, FM and RFS would like to thank the Helmholtz Association, Germany, for support.” NIH K08HL146943; Parker B. Francis Fellowship; ATS Foundation/Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. Research Fellowship in IPF. RCR is part funded by Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre and the Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. BAP was funded by programme support from Cancer Research UK. The CRUKPAP Study was supported by the CRUK Cambridge Cancer Centre, by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and by the Cambridge Bioresource. PIAMA was supported by The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development; The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research; The Netherlands Lung Foundation (with methylation studies supported by AF 4.1.14.001); The Netherlands Ministry of Spatial Planning, Housing, and the Environment; and The Netherlands Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sport. Dr. Qi is supported by a grant from the China Scholarship Council.

RationaleThe impact of COVID-19 on patients with Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) has not been established.ObjectivesTo assess outcomes following COVID-19 in patients with ILD versus those without in a contemporaneous age, sex and comorbidity matched population.MethodsAn international multicentre audit of patients with a prior diagnosis of ILD admitted to hospital with COVID-19 between 1 March and 1 May 2020 was undertaken and compared with patients, without ILD obtained from the ISARIC 4C cohort, admitted with COVID-19 over the same period. The primary outcome was survival. Secondary analysis distinguished IPF from non-IPF ILD and used lung function to determine the greatest risks of death.Measurements and Main ResultsData from 349 patients with ILD across Europe were included, of whom 161 were admitted to hospital with laboratory or clinical evidence of COVID-19 and eligible for propensity-score matching. Overall mortality was 49% (79/161) in patients with ILD with COVID-19. After matching ILD patients with COVID-19 had higher mortality (HR 1.60, Confidence Intervals 1.17-2.18 p=0.003) compared with age, sex and comorbidity matched controls without ILD. Patients with a Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) of ConclusionsPatients with ILD are at increased risk of death from COVID-19, particularly those with poor lung function and obesity. Stringent precautions should be taken to avoid COVID-19 in patients with ILD.

A key area of research in hydrologic modeling is the prediction of flood response in complex urban basins with hydraulic structures such as pump stations, canals, culverts, and spillways. The prediction of the basin’s response to heavy rainfall is needed in order to assess the impacts of potential watershed management decisions, especially during high flow periods. In this study, the HEC-HMS model was adopted to predict the accumulated discharges in a small urban basin located in West Palm Beach, Florida, USA. The model was calibrated based on seven flood events and validated using seven independent events spanning a 5-year period. The results show that the accumulated flow of water released from the basin was simulated with high accuracy, and that the model can be used for various management scenarios involving high flow conditions in the south Florida urban basin.

In this research, the physically-based WTS (Water Temperature Simulation) model was developed to predict water temperature changes in a river in eastern Connecticut during the summer. The model was applied and calibrated with a one-hour time step during the summer’s low-flow season on the Fenton River, which is tributary of the Mansfield Hollow Lake. Temperatures were recorded at one-hour intervals during the summer in 2004 and 2005, at various locations along the river to provide data for the model’s calibration. Model results were tested against observed stream temperatures and also compared to the SSTemp (Stream Segment Temperature model) created by Bartholow (2002). Results show that both models can be used to predict changes in stream temperature due to changes in groundwater inflow/outflow, and could be used to assess various water management scenarios.

Stella, J. M., & Warner, G. S. (January-February, 2018). Modelling a hydrologic Black-Box. Water Technology and Sciences (in Spanish), 9 (1), 101-112, DOI: 10.24850/j-tyca-2018-01-07. Hydrologic simulation models have become an essential tool in the modern world of water management; they are used extensively and play an important auxiliary role in fulfilling the core tasks of water management, in policy preparation, operational water management and research. A physical based hydrologic Black-Box model was created to simulate the water inflows and outflows of the system that could be used for an educational purpose. Then a mathematical model using Stella® software was created to simulate the Black-Box model. The results of the simulations show that the combination of a physical hydrologic Black-Box model and the mathematical model using the Stella® software can helps students understand the basic hydrologic processes.

Purpose of review Poor appetite and weight loss are a source of family conflict, psychological distress, and associated with poor tolerance to chemotherapy, impaired quality of life, and decreased survival. Despite clinicians' concern about the effect of cachexia on their patients, few oncological professional organizations provide guidelines for the treatment of cancer-related weight loss. Recent findings Recent publications indicate there is an unmet need for addressing cachexia in patients with cancer. Studies also reveal that patients are often consuming inadequate calories and protein. Inadequate oral intake may be mitigated by a multimodal interdisciplinary approach that uses pharmacological and nonpharmacological measures such as exercise and counseling. Other positive clinical outcomes include decreased symptom burden, improved quality of life, and enhanced physical performance. Summary Experience from specialist cachexia clinics and published literature indicates that simple assessments and interventions can be applied more broadly in clinical practice and that the interdisciplinary multimodal approach is important for achieving successful outcomes. The positive influence of this approach on clinical outcomes also has to be considered in clinical trial design.

El presente articulo analiza los trabajos que dan cuenta del saber acumulado en investigaciones y estudios empiricos de los ultimos diez anos en algunos paises de Latinoamerica y Colombia considerados relevantes en relacion con la implementacion de las politicas de educacion inclusiva en el nivel superior. La base del analisis es de caracter documental, se consultaron articulos, tesis de grado e informes, que permitieron evidenciar la evolucion de las Universidades en el transito del sistema educativo hacia una educacion inclusiva para las personas con discapacidad. Se muestran multiples y diversas realidades, en algunos casos contradictorias entre el reconocimiento de la garantia del derecho a la educacion inclusiva evidente en las politicas publicas y las practicas reales de inclusion, que son propias de una universidad que desde hace poco tiempo procura ofrecer respuestas a la atencion de la diversidad.

RODRIGUES (José Honório) . — Teoria da Tlistória do Brasil (Introdução Me-todológica). 39 edição. Coleção Brasiliana. Série Grande Formato. Volume 11. Companhia Editôra Nacional. São Paulo, 1969.

Capsular contracture is the most frequent complication in breast augmentation. It has multifactorial aetiology but biofilm is suggested to have a central role in the capsular contracture pathogenesis. To sterilize the breast cavity and the implant after insertion we decided to use a mixture of oxygen and ozone, using ozone sterilizing properties with no subsequent contamination related to manipulation.

Many of the mission targets that NASA and the planetary-science community are interested in are located in deep space, in the 5-10AU range. This provides compelling motivation to develop solar cells and arrays that are highly efficient in low irradiance low temperature (LILT) environments. We give several examples of the iterative process our team has employed to develop cell designs that optimize the performance at LILT. We also provide results on advanced-architecture devices that have already demonstrated very high efficiencies in the Jupiter and Saturn LILT and radiation environments, specifically fourjunction inverted metamorphic and triple-junction upright metamorphic solar cells, respectively.

The 5G communication deploys for instant communication between devices to everything. The smart city developed in such a way that wherever user goes, should be connected with data. In this case spectrum scarcity is a major barrier and it leads to the network congestion. The spectrum allocation is a necessary step in repurposing of spectrum for wireless communication systems. For this purpose an emerging technique called Licensed Shared Access (LSA) is under development for 5G wireless communication. In such a sharing technique, the available spectrum of incumbent can be used by the LSA licensees with certain sharing rules included in the rights of use of spectrum granted to the licensees, thereby allowing all the licensees to provide a certain level of QoS. This work illustrates the systems for various applications to next generation wireless communication with Licensed Shared Access (LSA).

This paper deals with an investigation on the effectiveness of integrated Statcom-Fuel cells in improving the transient stability of power systems. In this paper, a voltage source inverter based Statcom is used to alleviate the transient stability issues. In order to increase the real power compensation capability of the Statcom, it is integrated with fuel cells. Fuel cells are known for providing reliable back up power, though, they do not respond quickly to unexpected changes. An effectual hybrid control algorithm is used to compensate for the energy oscillations that occur due to unexpected changes, compensate for the slow response of fuel cells, and hence to improve transient stability of the system. The control scheme uses a two-layer neuro-fuzzy PI controller which is a function based Takagi-Sugeno-Kang fuzzy model. In order to circumvent the recurring computation of controller parameters at different operating conditions, a modified PSO algorithm is used. The efficacy of the proposed approach is assessed in a multimachine transmission system using MATLAB simulation under various transient disturbances and operating conditions. The results are compared with that of an integrated Statcom-BESS. Explorations reveal that the transient stability is amazingly improved with the incorporation of an integrated fuel cell system.

Pupillary response is associated with perceptual and cognitive loads in visual and cognitive tasks, but no quantitative link between pupil response and the task workload in visual−motor tasks has been confirmed. The objective of this study is to investigate how the changes of task requirement of a visual−motor task are reflected by the changes of pupil size. In the present study, a simple continuous aiming task is performed and the task requirement is manipulated and measured by Fitts’ Index of Difficulty (ID), calculated for different combinations of the target size and movement distance. Pupil response is recorded using a remote eye-tracker. The results show that event-triggered pupil dilations in continuous aiming movements respect Fitts’ Law, such that higher task difficulty evokes higher peak pupil dilation and longer peak duration. These findings suggest that pupil diameter can be employed as a physiological indicator to task workload evoked by the task requirement in visual−motor tasks.

Background and purpose Infectious mononucleosis (IM) caused by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the mechanism linking these pathologies is unclear. Different reports indicate the association of EBV, and recently Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), with MS. For a better understanding of the role of these pathogens, the host response induced by selected antigenic peptides in subjects with a history of IM that significantly increases the risk of MS was investigated. Methods Both humoral and cell-mediated response against peptides able to induce a specific immune activation in MS patients deriving from lytic and latent EBV antigens BOLF1 305−320 , EBNA1 400−413 , from MAP MAP_4027 18−32 , MAP_0106c 121−132 and from human proteins IRF5 424−434 and MBP 85−98 in subjects with current and past IM were examined. Results EBNA1 and MAP_0106c peptides were able to induce a humoral immune response in subjects with a history of clinical IM in an independent manner. Moreover, these peptides were capable of inducing pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon γ by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis factor α by CD14+ monocyte cells. Conclusion Our results highlight that EBV and MAP may be involved independently in the same causal process leading to MS in subjects with a history of IM.

Resume L’incidence mondiale du melanome cutane est en forte augmentation depuis une trentaine d’annees. Malgre des progres recents, son pronostic en cas de dissemination metastatique reste defavorable. La presence d’un envahissement ganglionnaire est un element pronostique majeur pour les patients atteints de melanome et la technique radio-isotopique de detection du ganglion sentinelle (GS) s’est imposee pour l’identification d’un tel envahissement. Techniquement realisable dans la plupart des centres prenant en charge les patients porteurs de melanome, ses modalites de realisation doivent etre rigoureuses pour en garantir les performances. La technique du GS permet de detecter un eventuel envahissement ganglionnaire avec une haute precision, avec l’avantage d’une morbidite faible. Elle permet de reserver le curage ganglionnaire a un nombre limite de patient et augmente leur survie sans recidive. Toutefois, l’interet therapeutique du curage ganglionnaire en cas d’envahissement du GS reste debattu et, a l’avenir, les indications de tels curages seront probablement mieux ciblees, notamment grâce aux informations apportees par l’analyse du GS. Bien que jusqu’a present les traitements adjuvants aient ete decevants, de nouvelles molecules prometteuses sont a l’etude. Si elles se revelent effectivement efficaces, la technique du GS permettra tres probablement de selectionner les patients qui devront en beneficier.