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Introduction. Factors affecting the severity of the course of a new coronavirus infection remain unexplored to the endAim. To study the factors associated with the transition of COVID-19 from moderate to severe form of the disease in patients undergoing inpatient treatmentMaterials and methods. The diagnosis of COVID-19-associated pneumonia was made by a clinician on the basis of PCR test data and an up-to-date chest CT scan. A total of 195 consecutively recruited patients were examined. The average age of the surveyed was 54 (12.1) years.Results. Significantly more patients with severe coronavirus infection at the time of hospitalization were active tobacco smokers (33 (29.73%) vs 67 (79.6%); p < 0.002) and had a BMI consistent with pre-obesity/obesity (42 (37.84%) vs 44 (52.38%); p = 0.027). In patients with severe COVID-19, a significantly higher content of leukocytes was noted in the complete blood count (6.054 (2.813) vs 7.307 (4.707); p = 0.021). The groups also differed significantly in the content of micro- and macroelements. The imbalance of minerals revealed in our study is published for the first time, because. The study of the content of Al, B, Li, Co, Sr and Si in patients with COVID-19 was not carried out.Conclusion. The revealed changes in the microelement status require further study to confirm their significance in the development of a severe form of a new coronavirus infection in patients.

Relevance. The issues of reproduction of fertility of light gray forest soils of the forest-steppe zone and utilization of poultry industry waste as organic fertilizers are interrelated and are very relevant. Methods. The experiments studied the effect of one-time application of various doses (15, 30, 50 t/ha) of chicken manure, chicken manure compost and local organic fertilizers (sapropel and peat) on crop yields, and the aftereffect of fertilizers on the main indicators of soil fertility — amount of humus, nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The variants of the experiments were investigated sixfold. The Federal State Center of Agrochemical Service "Chuvashsky" was involved in laboratory analyses of soils and crop production. Mеthods of analysis of soil samples and crop production are generally accepted in agrochemical science.Results. Organic fertilizers for three years of research were introduced into the soil only once at the beginning of the experiment in doses of 15, 30 and 50 t/ha, and their effect on the yield and quality of crop production (potato tubers, spring wheat grains and peas) in 2020–2022 was positive. The agrochemical properties of the arable soil layer in the variants with the use of organic fertilizers have significantly improved. The nitrate content in the products in variants with doses of chicken manure and compost of 50 t/ha or more approached the critical level. Local fertilizers (sapropel and peat) at a dose of 30 t/ha, chicken manure and compost at a dose of 15 t/ha are good organic fertilizers with a long aftereffect.

This article presents data on the effect of the probiotic preparation Vetom 1 based on the spore-forming bacteria strain Bacillus subtilis DSM 32424. The authors also presented the combined effect of Vetom 1 and a 10 % enrofloxacin solution on the growth rate of geese. Throughout the experiment, the geese were kept in floor cages on deep, non-replaceable bedding. The authors formed three experimental and control groups of 10 goslings each according to the principle of peer pairing. The goslings of the experimental groups were given the probiotic Vetom 1; Vetom 1 in combination with enrofloxacin with subsequent replacement by the probiotic Vetom 1. Geese of the control group were not given the drug. The authors observed an increase in the absolute weight and average daily gain of the experimental geese under the effect of the studied preparations. The authors found a pronounced mass gain when applying Vetom 1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight once a day for 30 days. When using Vetom 1, a pronounced average daily gain in goslings was observed both on day 15 and during the period of the drugs after action (day 30-60). The preparations in the studied doses have no toxic effect on the body of geese.

Introduction. The article presents the results of validation of the Russian language version of the fatigue (FA12) module of the specialized Quality of Life Questionnaire – Core 30 (QLQ-C30) developed by the Study Group of Quality of Life of the European Organization for Research and Treatment Cancer (EORTC). The questionnaire has been successfully applied in Russian and international trials.Materials and methods. A sample of 55 patients (mean age 53.23± 2.01 years; 52.7 % men and 47.3 % women) at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology was used to perform psychometric review of the fatigue module (FA12) of the QLQ-C30 questionnaire which confirmed its convergent validity and reliability – consistency (Cronbach coefficient α is 0.768).Results. The results of factor analysis confirmed adequacy of the structure of the Russian version of the fatigue module and its conformity with the basic factor model.Conclusion. The obtained results allow to state that the Russian version of the fatigue module is a reliable and valid instrument which can be used both in national and cross-cultural trials.

IM OF STUDY To show the possibilities of antegrade X-ray surgical techniques in the treatment of iatrogenic bile duct injuries after videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy.MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 24 patients with “minor” and 20 patients with “major” (according to Strasberg) iatrogenic injuries of the extrahepatic biliary tract. Antegrade endobiliary intervention was performed in 26 patients, including the “bridge-procedure” variant preceding the reconstructive surgery. Endobiliary drains were maintained during the reconstructive surgery and in the early postoperative period to control the viability of the anastomosis.When a stricture of the biliodigestive anastomosis (BDA) was detected, balloon dilatation of the anastomotic area was performed. In the subgroup of “minor” injuries, external drainage of the subhepatic biloma in 18 people were supplemented with endoscopic papillotomy in 12 cases.RESULTS In all patients with “minor” injuries of the biliary tree, X-ray surgical techniques were effective. In 11 patients with “major” bile duct injuries, cholangiostomy drainage was gradually transformed into external-internal drainage. In 2 trauma cases of classes D and E temporary antegrade stenting of the duct injury area with a coated self-expanding endobiliary stent was performed. The follow-up period after removal of the antegrade frame drainage ranged from 8 months to 14 years. There were no stricture or failure of BDA.CONCLUSION Short-term external biliary drainage, including the use of rendezvous techniques, may be suffi cient to eliminate the failure of the cystic duct stump. Cholangiostomy drainage, temporary endobiliary stent allow preparing the patient for reconstructive intervention. Drainage marking of the damaged area facilitates the verifi cation of tubular structures in the reconstruction area. Preservation of drainage after reconstructive intervention is the prevention of failure of the biliodigestive anastomosis in the early postoperative period, the development of its stricture in the long term.

An overview of the main groups of disinfectants used in the food industry is presented in article. The opportunity of their using to suppress the microbiological infection during extraction in sugar production is evaluated. The results of laboratory studies of the effects of low-toxic antimicrobial agents (polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PGMG) and sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (SDK)) on the bacterial activity of the juice-beet chips mixture, diffusion juice, beet juice and on the main indicators of the technological quality of diffusion juice are also presented.

Aim. Define the safety and effectiveness of rendezvous technique for choledocholithiasis.Material and methods. We performed a retrospective and prospective analysis of the results in percutaneous transhepatic access to the bile ducts and endoscopic intervention in the rendezvous technique for choledocholithiasis in 100 elderly patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups for 50 people. The implementation of the rendezvous began from the antegrade stage in patients from group I; in patients of group II – from the retrograde stage. Postmanipulation complications and failures were When analyzed. The control point of the study is the identification of complications associated with manipulation from the next stages of the rendezvous technique.Results. We revealed a direct dependence of the results in sequence of rendezvous technique for elderly patients with choledocholithiasis and obstructive jaundice. This fact allows recommending percutaneous transhepatic access before endoscopic intervention for these patients with statistical significance. The frequency of complications and failures in patients of group I was 18%, in group II – 52%. This allows for such patients percutaneous transhepatic access before endoscopic intervention in the rendezvous technique. The frequency of complications and failures in patients of group I was 18%, in group II – 52%.Conclusion. Dilatation of intrahepatic segmental and subsegmental 2 and 3 biliary ducts with moderate and severe obstructive jaundice is a predictor of complications with ineffective endoscopic approach. In such situations, preventive antegrade drainage of the biliary tract with rendezvous technique makes possible to prevent cholangitis, effectively eliminate biliary hypertension, clarify the severity of stenosis of the papilla with antegrade balloon revision, and also secure delayed endoscopic resolution of biliary pathology.

Aim To study the condition of coronary vasculature by data of coronarography (CG) in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (IHD) and arterial hypertension (AH) associated with stage 2-4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to evaluate the effect of a 12-week complex treatment with perindopril or with a combination of perindopril/amlodipine on changes in vascular wall stiffness, endothelial function, and structure and function parameters in this patient category after coronary stenting.Material and methodsr This study included 87 patients with chronic IHD and AH associated with stage 2-3 CKD for whom CG was performed due to ineffectiveness of the antianginal therapy. The patients were divided into three subgroups: subgroup 1 included 28 patients who received a conservative treatment with perindopril 10 mg/day; subgroup 2 consisted of 25 patients who underwent coronary stenting and were prescribed perindopril; subgroup 3 consisted of 34 patients who underwent stenting and were prescribed the perindopril/amlodipine combination. The reference group included 47 patients with IHD and AH with preserved kidney function. Anatomic and functional parameters of the heart, arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity, cardio-ankle vascular index, augmentation index, central aortic systolic and pulse pressure, endothelium-dependent vasodilation, plasma concentration of endothelin-1 (ET-1), and plasma concentration of nitric oxide metabolites were evaluated at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment.Results In patients with IHD, AH, and stage 2-3 CKD, arterial stiffness was more pronounced than in patients with preserved kidney function. Concentrations of ET-1 were significantly higher and levels of nitric oxide were lower in CKD. Supplementing the complex therapy with perindopril resulted in a considerable hypotensive effect in all subgroups, improvement of the kidney function, and positive dynamics of arterial stiffness and endothelial function. Changes in these parameters were more pronounced in patients after coronary stenting than in patients receiving only a conservative treatment. The use of perindopril/amlodipine following stenting exerted the most significant angioprotective and cardioprotective effect.Conclusion Patients with IHD and AH in combination with early CKD have pronounced impairment of the condition of arterial blood vessels and the heart. Addition of perindopril to the treatment not only exerted a hypotensive effect but also beneficially influenced mechanisms of progression of this combined pathology.

Ommochromes are screening and antioxidant pigments in the compound eyes of invertebrates and fulfil the functions of light filtration, light absorption, and antioxidant defense. We report here the first observation that ommochromes display antiglycation activity in vitro. Ommochromes were prepared from the eyes of insects of three different families: Strationyidae, Sphingidae, and Acrididae. All the ommochromes studied were found to inhibit the reaction forming fluorescent serum albumin modification products in the presence of high fructose concentrations (fructosylation). Ommochromes from the eyes of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) were the most effective fructosylation inhibitors. Ommochromes oxidized with hydrogen peroxide produced no inhibitory action in relation to glycation. Our results are of interest both for understanding the biological role of ommochromes in invertebrates, in particular for clarifying their influence on oxidative modification of the proteins of the retinular and pigment cells of ommatidia, and for using them to create pharmacological agents for the treatment and prevention of pathology associated with the development of metabolic syndrome.

This work deals with the problem of synthesis and investigation of the structure and properties of polymer calcium phosphate biopolymer suspensions, their use to obtain film samples containing drugs, and the study of the kinetics of drug release from the polymer matrix. The compositions were synthesized using the method of mechano-acoustic activation. The use of the mechano-acoustic activation technique and ultrasonic dispersion makes it possible to synthesize calcium phosphate compounds in aqueous media, to modify the synthesized products with drugs and bioactive substances, and to form biocompositions for the manufacture of bone implants.

Purpose: Analysis of infectious complications incidence in different types of percutaneous externalinternal biliary drainage in patients with obstructive jaundice of tumor genesis.Material and methods: The results of using antegrade external-internal drainage of the biliary tree in transpapillary and suprapapillary variants in 110 patients were analyzed. External-internal biliary drainage was performed in stages, after percutaneous transhepatic cholangiostomy or involuntarily primary with proximal obstruction of the biliary tree with bile duct segregation if it is impossible to form a fixing element of drainage proximal to the obstruction zone.Results: In the first group, transpapillary external-internal drainage was performed in 30 patients with peripapillary tumor obstruction. Of the 26 patients with proximal obstruction, suprapapillary external-internal drainage was performed in 8 patients, transpapillary — in 18 patients. Postmanipulation cholangitis in the first group occurred in 16 cases (28.6 %), liver abscesses developed 4 cases (7.1 %). In the second group, among 30 patients with transpapillary drainage on the background of peripapillary tumor obstruction, signs of acute cholangitis developed in 4 cases. Cholangitis was stopped by timely transfer of external-internal drainage to external. Among 24 patients with proximal obstruction of the biliary tree, suprapapillary external-internal drainage without complications was performed in 18 cases, transpapillary in 6 patients with the proximal block without disconnecting of the biliary tree. Acute cholangitis developed in 2 cases. Patients of the second group had no liver cholangigenic abscesses. There were no cases of hospital mortality in both groups.Conclusion: Factors in the development of postmanipulation cholangitis and liver abscesses during external-internal drainage of the biliary tree against the background of its tumor obstruction are the transpapillary position of endobiliary drainage with duodeno-biliary reflux in persistent biliary hypertension. In the case of suprapapillary location of the working end of external-internal drainage during antegrade drainage of the proximal tumor obstruction of the biliary tree with dissociation, the risk of postmanipulation cholangitis in non-drained liver segments is minimal. In the event of post-manipulation cholangitis in the case of transpapillary drainage of the biliary tree, a temporary transformation of external-internal drainage into external cholangiostomy is necessary.

The results of the study on the effect of new microbial preparations on the dynamics of the absolute weight and average daily gain of geese are presented. In the scientific experiment, probiotics Vetom 20.76 based on the predatory fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora and Vetom 1 on the basis of live spore-forming bacteria of the Bacillus subtilis DSM 32424 strain, which have anthelmintic, antiviral and antifungal effects, were used. One control and four experimental groups of 10 goslings each at the age of 1 month were formed according to the principle of analog pairs. The goslings of the experimental groups received Vetom 20.76 in various dosages: young birds of the 1st experimental group – 0.5 μl/kg of live body weight, the 2nd – 1 μl/kg, the 3rd – 2 μl/kg. Goslings of the 4th experimental group were given Vetom 1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg of live body weight. Both drugs were given in the morning with water, once a day for 30 days. These drugs were not prescribed to geese of the control group. It was established that Preparations Vetom 20.76 in doses of 0.5; 1 and 2 μl/ kg of body weight and Vetom 1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight have a growth-stimulating effect when given to goslings for 30 days. The growth rate of the experimental birds depended on the dose of the drugs used. Optimal results were obtained with the use of Vetom 20.76 at a dose of 2 μl/ kg of body weight and Vetom 1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight once a day for 30 days. The average daily gain in live weight of the experimental geese increased in the 3d and 4th experimental groups by 5.24 and 20.60% in the first 15 days of the experiment and by 24.8 and 44.64% during the aftereffect of the drug.

H2O absorption lines broadened by air pressure were recorded in the 5900–6100-cm−1 spectral region with the use of a Bruker IFS 125 HR spectrometer. The intensities and broadening and shift coefficients of H2O absorption lines are determined for the Voigt profile and the modified Voigt profile which takes into account the dependence of the broadening on the speed of the colliding molecules. The atmospheric transmission is calculated with the use of H2O line parameters from different versions of the HITRAN and GEISA spectroscopic databases and our new data. Model spectra are compared with atmospheric solar spectra measured with a ground-based Fourier spectrometer. It is shown that the use of our new data on H2O absorption line parameters improves the agreement between the model and measured atmospheric spectra.

The effect of the partial substitution of M = Ti, V, Cr, Zr, and Nb for Fe in the Pr2Fe17 and Tm2Fe17 alloys on their structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties have been studied using magnetic measurements, X-ray, and neutron diffraction. The character of substitution of Ti, V, Cr, Zr, and Nb atoms for Fe atoms, along with the differences in atomic radii of these elements, substantially affects variations of the lattice parameters and Curie temperatures of the Tm2Fe17 – xMx and Pr2Fe17 – xMx alloys. The Curie temperature of all the substituted alloys increases; the rate of the increase in the Curie temperature of the Tm2Fe17 – xMx alloys is twice that of the Pr2Fe17 – xMx alloys. The magnetic moment of iron atoms MFe and the magnetocaloric effect –ΔSM decrease for the substituted Tm2Fe17 – xMx and Pr2Fe17 – xMx alloys and become close in the case of all M.

Lipofuscin granules (LGs) are accumulated in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. The progressive LG accumulation can somehow lead to pathology and accelerate the aging process. The review examines composition, spectral properties and photoactivity of LGs isolated from the human cadaver eyes. By use of atomic force microscopy and near-field microscopy, we have revealed the fluorescent heterogeneity of LGs. We have discovered the generation of reactive oxygen species by LGs, and found that LGs and melanolipofuscin granules are capable of photoinduced oxidation of lipids. It was shown that A2E, as the main fluorophore (bisretinoid) of LGs, is much less active as an oxidation photosensitizer than other fluorophores (bisretinoids) of LGs. Photooxidized products of bisretinoids pose a much greater danger to the cell than non-oxidized one. Our studies of the fluorescent properties of LGs and their fluorophores (bisretinoids) showed for the first time that their spectral characteristics change (shift to the short-wavelength region) in pathology and after exposure to ionizing radiation. By recording the fluorescence spectra and fluorescence decay kinetics of oxidized products of LG fluorophores, it is possible to improve the methods of early diagnosis of degenerative diseases. Lipofuscin ("aging pigment") is not an inert "slag". The photoactivity of LGs can pose a significant danger to the RPE cells. Fluorescence characteristics of LGs are a tool to detect early stages of degeneration in the retina and RPE.

The primary stages of the Exiguobacterium sibiricum rhodopsin (ESR) photocycle were investigated by femtosecond absorption laser spectroscopy in the spectral range of 400-900 nm with a time resolution of 25 fs. The dynamics of the ESR photoreaction were compared with the reactions of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) in purple membranes (bRPM) and in recombinant form (bRrec). The primary intermediates of the ESR photocycle were similar to intermediates I, J, and K in bacteriorhodopsin photoconversion. The CONTIN program was applied to analyze the characteristic times of the observed processes and to clarify the reaction scheme. A similar photoreaction pattern was observed for all studied retinal proteins, including two consecutive dynamic Stokes shift phases lasting ∼0.05 and ∼0.15 ps. The excited state decays through a femtosecond reactive pathway, leading to retinal isomerization and formation of product J, and a picosecond nonreactive pathway that leads only to the initial state. Retinal photoisomerization in ESR takes 0.69 ps, compared with 0.48 ps in bRPM and 0.74 ps in bRrec. The nonreactive excited state decay takes 5 ps in ESR and ∼3 ps in bR. We discuss the similarity of the primary reactions of ESR and other retinal proteins.

Data on anthropogenic emissions from industrial sources and motor vehicles to the atmosphere over the Moscow region over the past decade (2009–2018) are analyzed. The spatial distribution of emissions, its links to the distribution of urban areas and to the transport network location within the study region are considered. The estimates of trends in anthropogenic load of air pollutants as well as their atmospheric concentrations in the region are presented.

Lipofuscin granules accumulate in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with age, especially in patients with visual diseases, including progressive age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Bisretinoids and their photooxidation and photodegradation products are major sources of lipofuscin granule fluorescence. The present study focused on examining the fluorescence decay characteristics of bisretinoid photooxidation and photodegradation products to evaluate the connection between fluorescence lifetime and spectral characteristics of target fluorophore groups. The primary objective of the study was to apply experimental spectral analysis results of lipofuscin granule fluorescence properties to interpretation of fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy data. Fluorescence analysis of the lipofuscin granule fluorophores in RPE collected from cadaver eyes was performed. The fluorescence lifetimes were measured by picosecond-resolved time correlated single photon counting technique. A global analytical method was applied to analyze data sets. The photooxidation and photodegradation products of bisretinoids exhibited a longer fluorescence lifetime (average value approximately 6 ns) and a shorter wavelength maximum (530–580 nm). Further, these products significantly contributed (more than 30%), to total fluorescence compared to the other fluorophores in lipofuscin granules. Thus, the contribution of oxidized lipofuscin bisretinoids to autofluorescence decay kinetics is an important characteristic for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy data analysis. The higher average fluorescence lifetime in AMD eyes was likely due to the higher abundance of oxidized bisretinoids compared with non-oxidized bisretinoids. Because higher level of oxidized bisretinoids is indicative of pathological processes in the retina and RPE, the present findings have the potential to improve fluorescence lifetime imaging approaches for early diagnosis of degenerative processes in the retina and RPE.

The objective of this study was screening of ommochromes from the compound eyes of insects and comparison of their antioxidant properties. Ommochromes were isolated in preparative quantities from insects of five different families: Stratiomyidae, Sphingidae, Blaberidae, Acrididae, and Tenebrionidae. The yield of ommochromes (dry pigment weight) was 0.9-5.4% of tissue wet weight depending on the insect species. Isolated pigments were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and represented a mixture of several ommochromes of the ommatin series. The isolated ommochromes displayed a pronounced fluorescence with the emission maxima at 435-450 nm and 520-535 nm; furthermore, the emission intensity increased significantly upon ommochrome oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. The ommochromes produced a stable EPR signal consisting of a singlet line with g = 2.0045-2.0048, width of 1.20-1.27 mT, and high concentration of paramagnetic centers (> 1017 spin/g dry weight). All the investigated ommochromes demonstrated high antiradical activity measured from the degree of chemiluminescence quenching in a model system containing luminol, hemoglobin, and hydrogen peroxide. The ommochromes strongly inhibited peroxidation of the photoreceptor cell outer segments induced by visible light in the presence of lipofuscin granules from the human retinal pigment epithelium, as well as suppressed iron/ascorbate-mediated lipid peroxidation. The obtained results are important for understanding the biological functions of ommochromes in invertebrates and identifying invertebrate species that could be used as efficient sources of ommochromes for pharmacological preparations to prevent and treat pathologies associated with the oxidative stress development.

A global analysis of the fluorescence decay kinetics of a chloroform extract of lipofuscin granules from the retinal pigment epithelium cells of human cadaver eyes is performed. The analysis makes it possible to reconstruct the individual fluorescence properties of four groups of fluorophores belonging to bisretinoids and the products of their photooxidation and photodegradation. The characteristic fluorescence lifetimes are correlated with the spectral characteristics of the indicated fluorophore groups using the averaged spectral and kinetic characteristics of the chloroform extract.

Работа посвящена проблеме синтеза и изучения структуры и свойств полимерных кальций-фосфатных биополимерных суспензий, получению на их основе пленочных образцов с лекарственными веществами и изучению кинетики их высвобождения из полимерной матрицы. Синтез композиций осуществляли с помощью метода механоакустической активации. Применение техники механоакустической активации, ультразвукового диспергирования позволяют проводить синтез кальций-фосфатных соединений в водных средах и модифицировать синтезированные продукты лекарствами, биоактивными веществами и формировать биокомпозиции для изготовления костных имплантатов. Ключевые слова: механоакустическая активация, кальций-фосфатные соединения, биополимерные композиты, гидроксиапатит, порфирины.

Fluorescence and chromatographic analysis of bisretinoids from the retina and retinal pigment epithelium of mouse eyes was carried out before and after exposure to accelerated protons in the Bragg peak. It has been shown that ionizing radiation at doses of 1–4 Gy leads to a shift in the short-wave region of the maximum of the fluorescence spectrum in the chloroform extract obtained from both the retinal pigment epithelium and the retina. Chromatographic analysis of these extracts has shown a change in the relative content of individual bisretinoids. The obtained spectral and chromatographic data indicate that the exposure of mice to accelerated protons in the Bragg peak at doses of 1–4 Gy leads to radiation oxidation of bisretinoids in eye tissues.

The article provides an overview of the frequency of distribution of pyometra in cats. Risk factors, clinical manifestations and clinical forms of the disease are analyzed. Current methods of pyometra diagnostics and clinical and laboratory criteria for early detection of signs of sepsis (systemic inflammatory response) in cats with pyometra are considered. The methods of pyometra therapy are analyzed. It was emphasized that the most effective and safest method of treating any form of pyometra is a total ovariohisterectomy in combination with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Encouraging results in the treatment of an open uncomplicated form of pyometers in cats were obtained using, along with antibiotics, preparations based on PgF2alfa and aglepristone.

Aim.To determine the role of antegrade X-ray surgical interventions in the treatment of benign postoperative biliary strictures.Material and methods.A retrospective analysis of treatment of 36 patients with benign biliary strictures was performed. Isolated stricture of biliodigestive anastomosis was diagnosed in 25 cases, partial clipping of common hepatic duct proximal to biliodigestive anastomosis – in 3 cases, partial clipping of bile duct – in 3 patients, isolated biliary strictures – in 5 patients including 4 of them with stricture within previously deployed T-shaped drainage. At the first stage, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiostomy was performed. According to antegrade cholangiography data, structure type “+1, +2” by H. Bismuth classification in modification of E. I. Galperin was diagnosed in 16 (55.2%) patients, proximal biliary strictures (“0”–“−2”) in 13 patients. Three patients with partial clipping of common bile duct and 4 patients with benign biliary stricture in the area of previously deployed T-shaped drainage were not classified. Recanalization of strictures by “catheter-guide” system was followed by antegrade dilatation of the stricture. Final stage was frame external-internal drainage for 6–12 months with stepwise redo balloon dilatation every 3 months (35 patients). The criterion for the end of minimally invasive treatment was the absence of balloon waist in the stricture zone observed during the next procedure but not earlier than in 6 months from primary balloon dilatation. Surgical correction was indicated for recurrent stricture.Results.Direct technical success was achieved in 35 patients. There was 1 case of recurrent strictures within 1 year among 3 cases of primary repair of biliary strictures in the area of previously installed T-shaped drainage. Resection of common bile duct stricture was followed by Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Recurrence-free period among 36 patients ranged from 1 to 10 years, median – 56 months. There were no mortality and complications after X-ray surgery.Conclusion.Antegrade recanalization and balloon dilatation of the stricture followed by long-term external-internal biliodigestive frame drainage are effective for both stricture of biliodigestive anastomosis and partial clipping of bile duct. Conventional surgical procedures should be preferred for cicatricial strictures of extrahepatic bile ducts after previous T-shaped drainage deployment.

The oxidation resistance of detonation spraying coatings of the FeAlCr/Al2O3 powder fabricated by mechanically assisted self-propagating high-temperature synthesis using aluminothermic reactions of oxide reduction is investigated. The powder has a sufficiently homogeneous composite structure consisting of chromium-alloyed ordered B2-FeAl and fine inclusions of α-Cr2O3 and α-Al2O3. The detonation coatings sprayed on stainless steel substrates have a typical layered structure without cracks and spalling. The coating thickness is 250–300 μm, and microhardness is in a range of 5.9–6.1 GPa. Coatings of the synthesized powder mainly inherit its structure and phase composition, although certain aluminum and chromium oxidation occurs when spraying. The features of the cyclic and isothermal oxidation of coatings in air in a temperature range of 900–1000°C are studied. It is established that the oxidation resistance of detonation coatings of the synthesized powder after oxidation in air for 48 h at 950°C is close that of coatings formed from the FeAl‒FexAly powder with an aluminum content of 45 wt %. At the same time, the linear thermal expansion coefficient (LTEC) of FeAlCr/Al2O3 coatings is closer to the LTEC of the base material, while their creep resistance is higher when compared the latter due to the presence of fine refractory oxide inclusions. It is assumed that α-Cr, Cr2O3, and numerous fine alumina inclusions present in the synthesized powder (and which form when spraying) accelerate the protective film, formation suppressing hematite nucleation and growth at early oxidation stages at temperatures up to 950°C.

The H2O absorption lines broadened by air pressure were recorded using Bruker IFS 125 HR Fourier spectrometer in the 5900-6100 cm–1 spectral region. The intensities, broadening and shift coefficients of H2O absorption lines were retrieved for lineshape profile taking into account a dependence of the broadening on collision molecules speed. The atmospheric transmission was calculated with use of H2O line parameters from the HITRAN spectroscopic database and our data. A comparison with the atmospheric solar spectra measured using a ground-based Fourier spectrometer was carried out.

We have studied dark-adaptation at three levels in the eyes of the crustacean Mysis relicta over 2–3 weeks after exposing initially dark-adapted animals to strong white light: regeneration of 11-cis retinal through the retinoid cycle (by HPLC), restoration of native rhodopsin in photoreceptor membranes (by MSP), and recovery of eye photosensitivity (by ERG). We compare two model populations (“Sea”, Sp, and “Lake”, Lp) inhabiting, respectively, a low light and an extremely dark environment. 11-cis retinal reached 60–70% of the pre-exposure levels after 2 weeks in darkness in both populations. The only significant Lp/Sp difference in the retinoid cycle was that Lp had much higher levels of retinol, both basal and light-released. In Sp, rhodopsin restoration and eye photoresponse recovery parallelled 11-cis retinal regeneration. In Lp, however, even after 3 weeks only ca. 25% of the rhabdoms studied had incorporated new rhodopsin, and eye photosensitivity showed only incipient recovery from severe depression. The absorbance spectra of the majority of the Lp rhabdoms stayed constant around 490–500 nm, consistent with metarhodopsin II dominance. We conclude that sensitivity recovery of Sp eyes was rate-limited by the regeneration of 11-cis retinal, whilst that of Lp eyes was limited by inertia in photoreceptor membrane turnover.

The aim of this study is to develop the technology of dry extracts from the roots of Morinda citrifolia as a prospective phyto-active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) for obtaining medicinal products. Factors influencing the extraction process of active ingredients from the roots of Morinda citrifolia were investigated. The modes of extraction were formulated: extraction time of 60 minutes, the hydro-module was established to be 1:30, the extractant - 70% ethyl alcohol. The study developed a technological process of obtaining dry extracts.The technological scheme of production of dry extracts was proffered. The parameters of standardization of the dry extract of Morinda citrifolia roots were established.

The beginning of 2020 was characterized by the development of a new coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Information about the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory diagnostics, as well as prevention and therapy for this disease is constantly being expanded and reviewed. The COVID-19 pandemic creates the need for the emergence of new conditions of specialized care for patients with heart rhythm and conduction disorders [1]. These recommendations are intended for general practitioners, internists, cardiologists, electrophysiologists/arrhythmologists, cardiovascular surgeons, functional diagnostics doctors, anesthesiologists-resuscitators, laboratory diagnostics specialists, health care organizers in the system of organizations and healthcare institutions that provide specialized care to patients with heart rhythm and conduction disorders.

In increasing soil fertility, an important role belongs to legumes, which are capable of fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere. One of these crops is of great interest to soybeans. This crop can be successfully cultivated both green manure and fodder - for grain and green mass. For this, we studied four links of the crop rotation. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Department of Agriculture, Plant Growing, Breeding and Seed Production of the Chuvash State Agrarian University in 2018-2020. Experimental data showed that the most effective in all quantitative indicators are the links of crop rotation with leguminous crops - soybeans. The most productive were the links in the crop rotation: the second link in the crop rotation: cultivated soybeans - potatoes - barley and the fourth link in the crop rotation: cultivated soybeans - spring wheat - barley. The yield of potatoes and spring wheat in the second year after the soybean predecessor increased by 65.6% and 27.6%, compared with the control. The increase in barley in the aftereffect (third year) was 28.0% and 42.1%, respectively.

The article deals with the manifestation of heterosis by economically valuable traits in monoecious hybrids of hashishfree monoecious hemp. Heterosis is one of the reserves for increasing yields and improving the quality of hemp products. In terms of seed harvest, the vast majority of combinations exceed parental varieties. The highest outbreak of heterosis was obtained by crossing varieties Glukhovskaya-10 and YSO-1. In relation to the most productive parent, the degree of heterosis reaches 38.5%. An increase in seed harvest is a derivative of the heterosis of several components: the weight of the plant, the length of the inflorescence, the weight of seeds per plant, the weight of 1000 seeds and the number of seeds per plant. Of these, the most important are the weight of seeds per plant and the weight of 1000 seeds. According to the harvest of straw and fiber, the manifestation of heterosis is limited. Most hybrids have indicators equal to those of the best parental varieties. However, these hybrids significantly exceed the best monoecious variety YSO-1 recommended for cultivation, which is of practical interest. Hybrid plants are more resistant to adverse conditions than the parent varieties. Homeostasis of hybrids depends on the degree of heterozygosity of the organism, as well as the nature of the interaction of alleles of heterozygous loci. The results of our research show that it is possible to consciously control the process of obtaining highly productive hybrid seeds, spending a small amount of labor and funds for its implementation.

Sowing spring triticale based on mixtures of varieties may be more promising than sowing monoculture varieties. Four varieties of spring triticale (Ulyana, Rovnya, Saur and Khaikar) were evaluated with two-component (1:1) and three-component (1:1:1) variety mixtures. Studied 6 variants of two-component mixtures and 4 three-component mixtures. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Chuvash State University in 2018-2020. The effectiveness of the variety mixtures was determined by a comparative analysis of the actual and possible yield. The stability of crops in terms of yield was assessed by the coefficient of variation. In monoculture, the Saur variety had the highest yield. The two-component crops were the highest yielding and stable over the years compared to the one-component and three-component crops. The most promising variety mixtures turned out to be Ulyana/Khaikar, Rovnya/Saur and Saur/Khaikar, which allow increasing yields by 4.7-20.2 100kg/ha.

Structure and properties of detonation gun sprayed (DS) coatings from the synthesized FeAlSi/Al2O3 powder have been investigated. The powder was manufactured through a mechanically assisted self-propagating high-temperature synthesis route. A small addition of nanosized SiO2 particles to the reaction mixture for the synthesis of FeAl-FeAl2 eutectoid refines the thickness of B2-FeAl lamellar grains in the synthesized powder. Silicon arisen from the aluminothermic reduction of SiO2 during the synthesis is preferentially located in the B2-phase. High-quality coatings with porosity less than 1 vol% and nanocomposite structure have been obtained from the synthesized powder using a computer-aided ‘Perun-S’ detonation gun complex. Phase composition of the coatings includes B2-FeAl, hercinite FeAl2O4, FeAl2, A2-Fe-based solid-solution, Al2O3, and probably complex Fe2.95Si0.05O4 oxide. It is formation of nanocomposite structure with the mean crystallite size of main components in the range of ≈9–15 nm that seems to be responsible for the lower microhardness of the coatings from the FeAlSi/Al2O3 powder than that of the basic Fe-Al eutectoid composition. As-sprayed coatings from the synthesized FeAlSi/Al2O3 powder demonstrate good room and elevated temperature erosion behavior. Oxide dominated erosion with mixed brittle-ductile wear behavior is thought to occur in the coatings at 550 °C. The proposed powder modification is found to be beneficial for the oxidation resistance of DS coatings in air at 950 °C. Promoting of alumina formation during oxidation and the corresponding decline in Fe2O3 content in the oxide scale are considered as the main reasons for the slower oxidation kinetics of the FeAlSi/Al2O3 coatings as compared with those of the basic Fe-Al eutectoid composition.

Introduction. A number of paraproteinemic polyneuropathy is directly linked to the monoclonal gammapathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). One of the first manifestations of MGUS in addition to the secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulin, and long before the manifestation of malignancy is polyneuropathy.Materials and Methods. Were examined in 16 patients with polyneuropathy associated with MGUS in age from 53 to 78 years. Patients underwent a course of infusion therapy with human immunoglobulin in the dose of 0.4 g/kg for 5 days.Results. After treatment revealed a reduction of the manifestations of the sensory component of the neuropathy, neuropathic pain and sensitive ataxia that was confirmed by electromyographic data of stabilography, and a rating on a scale Lovett, the scale of neuropathy disability score, the questionnaire «Pain detect». The motor component of polyneuropathy had more persistent symptoms.Conclusion. Treatment with human immunoglobulin is effective in reduction of neuropathic pain and sensory ataxia and in increase of superficial and deep sensation, while the motor component of polyneuropathy had more persistent symptoms.

The study covered bioelemental state of firemen living and working in North-West region of Russian Federation. The study was aimed to evaluate bioelemental state of firemen in dependence on residence area and on their work features. Regional features of firemen's bioelemental state were revealed. Findings are deficiency of some vitally important bioelements (iodine, selenium, cobalt) and accumulation of toxic microelements (nickel, silver, cadmium, arsenic, aluminium, lead). The authors demonstrated differences in contents of toxic microelements in dependence on length of service and degree of participation in fire-fighting.