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An annotated list concerning most of the representatives of superfamilies Papilionoidea and Zygaenoidea (Lepidoptera) from Portugal deposited in the National Natural History Museum (Museum Bocage) in Lisbon, Portugal the 28th March 1978, when it was almost completely consumed by the fire, is presented. It is based in a non-published study held by the former co-author when she achieved a scientific probation under the orientation of the fourth co-author (†). The “Querci’ Collection”, also destroyed by this disaster, is excluded as it has been previously studied and the results published; further, most of the specimens of genera like to Melitaea Fabricius, 1807 (Nymphalidae) could not be identified due to inexistence of specialized bibliography. Samples concerning 1272 specimens included in 79 species are reported. The district and circumscription, as well as the UTM 10 X 10 kilometres coordinates of each one of the collecting localities are reported and the present-day conservation status of each one of the species / subspecies in Portugal is referred. For each species, data on the host plants of the caterpillars are provided.

The purpose of this application, under Articles 78.1, 78.2.3 and 80.2 of the Code, is to resolve an ongoing issue involving the gender of the name of the silverfish genus Lepisma Linnaeus, 1758 and other generic names derived from Lepisma. Under Direction 71 issued by the Commission in 1957, Lepisma is deemed to be of feminine gender despite being etymologically neuter. Unfortunately, Direction 71 did not explicitly advise on the treatment of genus-group names derived from Lepisma, all of which are neuter under Article 30.1.2 of the Code but nonetheless have generally been treated as feminine. Under Article 29.5 of the Code, prevailing use of the family name lepismatidae so spelled is not affected by the generic-level gender problem, but the scope of the gender-related confusion extends to almost half of the generic and specific names in the family lepismatidae Latreille, 1802, including such cosmopolitan peridomestic pests as Lepisma saccharina Linnaeus, 1758 and Ctenolepisma longicaudata Escherich, 1905. Three possible resolutions are proposed: that the Commission confirm that Direction 71 stands and the gender of Lepisma is feminine and also either (1) confirm that under Article 30.1.2 of the Code all generic names derived from Lepisma are of neuter gender, thereby filling the gap in Direction 71, or (2) rule under the plenary power that all generic names derived from Lepisma are of feminine gender, thereby endorsing current usage; or (3) that the Commission use their plenary power to rescind Direction 71 such that Lepisma assumes its etymologically correct neuter gender, while also confirming that under Article 30.1.2 of the Code all genera with names derived from Lepisma are of neuter, not feminine, gender. Reasons are given for preferring the third option, despite the resulting need to emend at least 129 species-group names in the genera involved.

The cultivation of perennial cash crops is fast expanding in the tropics, but for most crops and regions there is very limited understanding about their biodiversity impacts. This is the case of cashew nut cultivation, which is occupying ever larger areas, particularly in West Africa. Here we investigated the impacts of cashew cultivation on biodiversity using butterfly assemblages sampled across a gradient of cashew expansion in Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). The overall species richness and abundance of butterflies were only slightly lower in cashew orchards than in native woodland habitats, but whereas the former were dominated by generalist species, the latter showed a much higher richness and abundance of trophic and habitat specialists. The landscape context significantly affected butterfly assemblages, with reduced richness and abundance of generalist species recorded within woodland habitats in heterogeneous landscapes with low woodland cover. Increases in land cover by cashew cultivation were associated with reduced abundance of specialist species within woodland habitats, and reduced abundance of generalist species within cashew orchards. Overall, our study provides the first evidence that cashew expansion may have serious negative consequences for biodiversity in West Africa, suggesting that this is an unfolding conservation problem that needs to be fully evaluated. Retaining woodland patches within production landscapes might help reducing the negative impacts of cashew expansion on biodiversity.

2 Abstract: Lepidospora mazyadi, n. sp., is described and differentiated from all the other known Lepidospora s.s. The new species was collected from a cave in Jebel Hafeet in the United Arab Emirates. Morphology and preliminary analyses of 16S rRNA DNA sequences are described. The new species is unique because, unlike other species in the genus, it lacks sexually dimorphic terminal filaments. It is also the first nicoletiid reported from the United Arab Emirates and the second cave-adapted species from Arabia.

New records are added to the Papilionoidea of Guinea-Bissau, many of which were obtained within the country’s Protected Areas. Examination of the collected material yielded 9 new genera and 47 new species for the country, significantly increasing the knowledge of local butterfly diversity. 99 genera and 244 species are now known to occur in Guinea-Bissau, representing an increase of almost 20 % in the number of species and 7 % in the genera in relation to previous data. For each species, the studied material, probable abundance and proposed conservation status in the country are reported; some corrections relative to a few previous misidentifications are added. A gazetteer of the prospected localities is included, as well as species’ occurrences within the Protected Areas and previous bibliographic references in Guinea-Bissau. The known geographical range, primary habitat and host-plants of each species/subspecies are also provided.

A new species of myrmecophilous Atelurinae silverfish, which is considered to represent a new genus, is described from Peninsular Malaysia where it was collected in emigration columns of the predacious army-ant Leptogenys distinguenda (Formicidae: Ponerinae). The new genus is compared with those silverfish species whose praetarsus is devoid of empodium as well as with all the seventeen Atelurinae known from the Oriental Region. All previously described Atelurinae from Malaysia are known as strictly termitophilous and share the existence of complete praetarsus (2 claws plus one smaller unguiform empodium). (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

On the basis of specimens from the type locality in Valencia (Spain) Ctenolepisma ciliata (Dufour, 1831) is redescribed and its variability is studied examining some other specimens from Spain as well as Western-Mediterranean countries. With this study as reference, some other specimens determined previously as Ctenolepisma ciliata can be compared. In this light, it is possible to conclude that some of them do not belong to the species described by Dufour. This is the case of some specimens from the Canary Islands identified as C. vieirai Mendes 1981, and specially one specimen from Armenia studied by Mendes (1982). This specimen is bigger than C. ciliata and shows a different setation, specially in the thoracic sternites: in the mesosternum and the metasternum, macrosetae are arranged in one single row in Ctenolepisma ciliata and in two parallel rows in the Armenian insect; in the prosternum, the first species shows 1-2 irregular lines of macrosetae and the armenian specimen shows 2–3 lines. The validity of this character has been demonstrated recently to separate C. lineata (Fabricius, 1775) from C. almeriensis Molero-Baltanas et al., 2005. This characteristic and some others allow us to create the new species Ctenolepisma armeniaca sp. n. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

A new genus and species, Kerkiratrobius rosanae n. gen., n. sp., is described and fi gured from males collected in the Corfu Island, Greece. Th e new genus has a special feature in its genitalia which permits its separation from all previously known genera of the order, and particularly other genera of the subfamily Petrobiinae to which it belongs.

The objective of this study was to revise the nominal, and only described, species of the genera Allomachilis Silvestri, 1906, from Australia, and Kuschelochilis Wygodzinsky, 1951, from Chile (Microcoryphia: Meinertellidae). The studied specimens came from the collections deposited in the: American Museum of Natural History (USA); Instituto di Entomologia Agraria dell'Università di Portici (Italy); South Australian Museum (Australia); Carmen Bach collection of the Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (Spain); and the entomology collection of the Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (Portugal). The revision of the nominal species of the genera Allomachilis and Kuschelochilis allows to consider the Neotropical genus a junior synonym of the Australian one.

Carmen BACH DE ROCA, Luis F. MENDES, Rafael MOLERO and Miquel GAJU. 2009. A new NeomachilellusWYGODZINSKY, 1953 (Microcoryphia: Meinertellidae) from Puerto Rico. Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 52B(1-2): 101-107. Abstract. A new species of Neomachilellus (Praeneomachilellus) bristletail (Meinertellidae: Microcoryphia) from Puerto Rico is described and compared with the closest fossil species Neomachilellus (Praeneomachilellus) dominicanus STURM & POINAR, 1997 and also with the known remaining species of this mostly Neotropical genus. Microcoryphia is reported from Puerto Rico for the first time.

A new myrmecophilous silverfish (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae: Subnicoletiinae) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, found living in fire ant (Solenopsis saevissima, Formicidae: Myrmicinae) nests is described: Allotrichotriura saevissima gen. nov. sp. nov. is compared with the other genera and subgenera known in the subfamily. The main diagnostic features would include the combination of body shape, body and head setation, morphology of praetarsus, and number of abdominal stylets and vesicles. Although further quests were attempted at the type-locality, only the original described material, exclusively composed of females, remains known.Descreve-se um novo Zygentoma (Nicoletiidae: Subnicoletiinae), mirmecófilo da formiga lava-pés Solenopsis saevissima (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Allotrichotriura saevissima gen. nov. sp. nov. que é comparado com os géneros e subgéneros conhecidos na subfamília. As principais características diagnósticas respeitam a combinação da forma do corpo, quetotaxia cefálica e do corpo, morfologia do prétarso e número de estilos e vesículas abdominais. Embora prospecções recentes tenham sido levadas a cabo na localidade típica, apenas se conhece a amostra original, que integra exclusivamente fêmeas.

Two fossil silverfish preserved in Burmese amber (dated from the Cretaceous: Upper Albian, 100–110 MY) are described in the new genus and species Burmalepisma cretacicum (Lepismatidae: Lepismatinae). The fossil species is characterized mainly by its chaetotaxy.

The state of art of both "thysanuran" orders, Microcoryphia (bristletails) and Zygentoma (silverfish) is analysed. Data on the main authors, knowledge evolution, main taxonomical features and geographical distribution arepresented. Finally, main research areas for the next Millennium are suggested.

Summary The state of art of both “thysanuran” orders, Microcoryphia (bristletails) and Zygentoma (silverfish) is analysed. Data on the main authors, knowledge evolution, main taxonomical features and geographical distribution are presented. Finally, main research areas for the next Millennium are suggested.

Four new genera and eleven new species of Zygentoma thysanurans (families Protrinemuridae and Nicoletiidae) are described and some faunistic novelties reported from Oriental and Australian Regions, viz.: Protrinemura leclerci n. sp., from northern Thailand, Protrinemurella allacrotelsoides n. gen. n. sp., from southern Thailand, and Protrinemuroides celebensis n. gen. n. sp., from the Celebes islands (Protrinemuridae), Lepidospora (L.) digitata n. sp., from northern Thailand, L. (L.) deharvengi n. sp., from the Celebes, and Pseudobrinckina anempodiata n. gen. n. sp., from northern Thailand (Nicoletiidae: Coletiniinae), Gastrotheus (G.) papuanus n. sp., from Papua-New Guinea (Nicoletiidae: Atelurinae), and Metrinura celebensis n. sp., from the Celebes, Trinemurodes anomalocoxa n. sp., from southern Thailand, T. bedosae n. sp., from northern Thailand, and Allotrinemurodes thai n.gen. n. sp., from northern Thailand (Nicoletiidae: Subnicoletiinae). Bharatatelura malabarica Mendes is reported for the ...

Summary Types of some of the Silvestri's species of Machilidae (Microcoryphia) described in 1906 and in 1907, deposited in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, in Paris, are studied in detail; notes are added to the original descriptions or the species are redescribed. Machilis bouvieri, from Tonkin, only known by the female, is considered to fit in Pedetontus (Verhoeffilis); Machilis perrieri from Congo, previously considered as probably belonging to Janetschekilis, is confirmed in this Afrotropical genus; Praemachilis confucius is redescribed as the easternmost known species of Silvestrichilis; and Praemachilis longistylis, from China like the preceding taxon, is also redescribed as one more species of the eastern Palaearctic Allopsontus (Kaplinilis); the female remains unknown in this last species and, so, its subgeneric position is discussed on the base of the male only.

Summary Samples of thysanurans (orders Microcoryphia and Zygentoma) collected in the Azores were studied. The known distributions in the archipelago of Parapetrobius azoricus, Dilta saxicola, Lepisma saccharina and Ctenolepisma longicaudata are substantially enlarged. Machilinus cf. rupestris gallicus as well as the genus Machilinus and the family Meinertellidae are reported for the first time in the Azores. Trigoniophthalmus borgesi sp.n. (Microcoryphia: Machilidae), is described from the laurisilva forest of the Terceira island.

Ctenolepisma (C.) electrans sp.n., from the Dominican amber, is described and compared with the closest living species. The new taxon is the only Lepismatidae known so far in the Dominican Republic amber and corresponds to the only known fossil Ctenolepisma.

The male is described by the first time for Lasiotheus Paclt, 1963 (Nicoletiidae: Atelurinae) upon a sample of L. nanus (Escherich, 1903) obtained in Gabon, from where the genus was previously unknown. The real independence of Lasiotheus relatively to Gastrotheus Casey, 1890 s.s. and to Pseudogastrotheus Mendes, 2003 (all previously considered under Gastrotheus Casey, 1890) is reinforced. Five tribes are recognized in Nicoletiidae (Atelurinae), characterized on morphological characteristics shared by groups of genera: Atelurini Remington, 1954, Atopatelurini n. tribe, Dinatelurini n. tribe, Dionychellini n. tribe and Grassiellini n. tribe. Identification keys are proposed to the ca. 70 genera today known in the subfamily.

19 páginas, 8 figuras, 3 tables et al.., The European Union has adopted the ambitious target of halting the loss of biodiversity by 2010. Several indicators have been proposed to assess progress towards the 2010 target, two of them addressing directly the issue of species decline. In Europe, the Fauna Europaea database gives an insight into the patterns of distribution of a total dataset of 130,000 terrestrial and freshwater species without taxonomic bias, and provide a unique opportunity to assess the feasibility of the 2010 target. It shows that the vast majority of European species are rare, in the sense that they have a restricted range. Considering this, the paper discusses whether the 2010 target indicators really cover the species most at risk of extinction. The analysis of a list of 62 globally extinct European taxa shows that most contemporary extinctions have affected narrow-range taxa or taxa with strict ecological requirements. Indeed, most European species listed as threatened in the IUCN Red List are narrow-range species. Conversely, there are as many wide-range species as narrow-range endemics in the list of protected species in Europe (Bird and Habitat Directives). The subset of biodiversity captured by the 2010 target indicators should be representative of the whole., We thank Melina Verbeek, Fedor Steeman and Claire Basire (Fauna Europaea Project Bureau), and Anastasios Legakis, Trudy Brannan and Alfonso Navas Sanchez (Fauna Europaea Steering Committee) for their assistance in the implementation of the Fauna Europaea project. Grateful acknowledgements to Gregoire Lois (MNHN) who helped with the listing of protected species, and to Maurice Kottelat who provided invaluable data on extinct and threatened fish.

A new genus of Coletiniinae silverfish (Nicoletiidae) similar to Coletinia Wygodzinsky and Lepidospora Escherich isdescribed to accommodate the new species Squamatinia algharbica gen. n. sp. n. Many individuals were collected overall seasons of the year in four caves of the Algarve karst massif in the south of Portugal. An identification key for the known genera of Coletiniinae is provided, as well as some biogeographical and ecological comments.

Mendes Luis-F., Bitsch Jacques. Notes et descriptions concernant quelques Microcoryphia africains [Thysanura]. In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 85 (1-2), Janvier-février 1980. pp. 2-14.

The Lepismatidae of coll. Zool. Mus., Copenhagen from South, Central and southern North America are listed. Prolepismina tuxeni n.sp. is described and compared with the other known species of the genus, P. pulchella (Silv.).

Two new species of Lepismatidae (Insecta Zygentoma) are described from the Sar Uanle dunal system in southern Somalia: Acrotelsella giubana n. sp. and Ctenolepisma somaliensis n. sp. and they are compared with the closer known species. A key is given for the females of the Afrotropical Acrotelsella and the new Ctenolepisma inserted previously published keys to the Afrotropical species of this genus. Two species, newly reported for the same area, Acrotelsa collaris (Fabricius 1793) and Heterolepisma bisentosa (Carpenter 1916) are recorded and the last, known previously only from the Seychelles, is redescribed.

The cashew tree, Anacardium occidentale L., is a small to medium-sized evergreen perennial native to northeast Brazil (Jaffee 1994; Asogwa et al. 2008). The species was introduced to distant regions such as India and East Africa as early as the 16th century (Malhotra 2008), and is now an important crop cultivated in tropical regions worldwide (Maruthadurai et al. 2012). Cashew is generally grown for its fruit, which has two connected parts: (i) the kidney-shaped nut containing the nutritious edible kernel, and (ii) the false fruit or cashew apple (the fleshy edible stalk) which can be eaten raw, used to make jam, juiced or fermented into wine (Jaffee 1994; Asogwa et al. 2008; Lundy 2012). The nut shell contains a corrosive liquid known as cashew nut shell liquid, which is widely used in automobile brake linings, paints, varnishes and insecticides, among others (Malhotra 2008).