Search

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), a novel subpopulation of lymphocytes enriched in the intestinal mucosa, are currently considered as key sentinels in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis. ILC3s can secrete a series of cytokines such as IL-22 to eliminate intestinal luminal antigens, promote epithelial tissue repair and mucosal barrier integrity, and regulate intestinal immunity by integrating multiple signals from the environment and the host. However, ILC3 dysfunction may be associated with the development and progression of various diseases in the gut. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss the role of ILC3 in intestinal diseases such as enteric infectious diseases, intestinal inflammation, and tumors, with a focus on recent research advances and discoveries to explore potential therapeutic targets.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-aph-10.1177_10105395231171957 for The Relationship Between Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in a Cross-Sectional Study in China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the United States by Felicia Zhang, Harapan Harapan, Yogambigai Rajamoorthy, Yihan Lu and Abram L. Wagner in Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health

This study assessed preferences for hypothetical vaccines for children in 2 large vaccine markets according to how the vaccine-preventable disease is transmitted via a discrete choice experiment.Surveys in China (N = 1350) and the United States (N = 1413) were conducted from April to May 2021. The discrete choice experiment included attributes of cost, age at vaccination, transmission mode of the vaccine-preventable disease, and whether the vaccine prevents cancer. Preference utilities were modeled in a Bayesian, multinomial logistic regression model, and respondents were grouped by vaccine preference classification through a latent class analysis.Individuals favored vaccines against diseases with transmission modes other than sexual transmission (vaccine for sexually transmitted infection [STI] vs airborne disease, in the United States, odds ratio 0.71; 95% credible interval 0.64-0.78; in China, odds ratio 0.76; 95% credible interval 0.69-0.84). The latent class analysis revealed 6 classes: vaccine rejecters (19% in the United States and 8% in China), careful deciders (18% and 17%), preferring cancer vaccination (20% and 19%), preferring vaccinating children at older ages (10% and 11%), preferring vaccinating older ages, but indifferent about cancer vaccines (23% and 25%), and preferring vaccinating children at younger ages (10% and 19%). Vaccine rejection was higher with age in the United States versus more vaccine rejection among those at the age of 18 to 24 and ≥ 64 years in China.The public had strong preferences against giving their child an STI vaccine, and the class preferring a cancer vaccine was less accepting of an STI vaccine. Overall, this study points to the need for more education about how some STI vaccines could also prevent cancers.

Additional file 1. Supplementary tables showing the information of sequences analyzed.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Response to diverse initial bid amounts across sociodemographics among Chinese female health care workers. Supplementary Table 2. Attitude shift towards HPVvaccines between two payment scenarios across sociodemographics.

Additional file 2: Table S2. Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) patterns of VP4 coding sequences for group A rotavirus P[4], P[8], P[13], P[23], P[1], P[6], P[7] and P[19].

Additional file 3: Figure S1. Scree plot of percentage of explained variances for each principal component of the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) values of group A rotavirus VP4 coding sequences. This plot showed the proportion of variance in the RSCU values for each principal component (dimension), in descending order of magnitude.

Additional file 4: Table S3. VP4 coding sequences for group A rotavirus P[4], P[8], P[13], P[23], P[1], P[6], P[7] and P[19].

Additional file 1: Table S1. The monthly fitting and observed cases of hand, foot and mouth disease in China from 2015 to 2018.

Vaccination uptake of influenza vaccine, 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) and herpes zoster vaccine (HZV) remains low among Chinese aged 50–69 years, posing a significant public health concern. This study’s aim is to determine the gap between the vaccination willingness and uptake. We conducted a face-to-face questionnaire survey among the persons aged 50–69 years in 13 communities in Shanghai in November–December 2020 to measure vaccination willingness, vaccine price sensitivity, vaccination service accessibility, and vaccine hesitancy. Then, we explored the factors influencing the vaccination uptake using a structural equation model. Vaccination willingness was 70.5% (self-paid influenza vaccine), 79.4% (free PPV23 for local persons), 54.7% (self-paid PPV23 for non-local persons), and 16.6% (self-paid HZV); however, actual uptake was 10.8% (influenza vaccine), 11.0% (free PPV23), and 2.5% (self-paid PPV23). Moreover, vaccination uptake was strongly influenced by service accessibility (β = 0.941), followed by willingness (β = 0.201), price sensitivity (β = −0.188), and medical history of vaccine-preventable diseases and underlying diseases (β = 0.176). Related knowledge (β = 0.017) and vaccine hesitancy (β = −0.003) affected the uptake indirectly. There is a gap between the vaccination willingness and uptake in Chinese elderly. It warrants specific measures, including increasing service accessibility and reforming payment mechanism, to bridge the gap.

Alpha-enolase (ENO1) is a ubiquitous protein. Patients with autoimmune thyroiditis-associated encephalopathy have high serum ENO1Ab titers. We aimed to explore whether ENO1Ab was the pathogenic antibody in the thyroid and brain. The serum ENO1Ab titers were significantly increased in the mice immunized with Thyroglobulin (Tg). And in the mice immunized with ENO1, serum levels of both TgAb and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were significantly increased. Obvious CD16+ cell infiltration, IgG deposit and cleaved caspase-3 were observed in the thyroid of ENO1-immunized mice. Spatial learning and memory abilities and synaptic functions were impaired in ENO1-immunized mice. Furthermore, the expression levels of Iba-1, GFAP, interlukin-6, CDK5, and phosphorylated tau were increased, and endothelial tight junction proteins were decreased in the brain of ENO1-immunized mice. These results suggest that ENO1Ab can cause thyrocyte damage via ADCC effect and impair cerebral function by disrupting the blood-brain barrier.