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to investigate the composition of plasma fatty acids (FA) and red blood cells and the level of eicosanoids in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and to assess whether metabolic disturbances may be corrected during a cycle use of an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA).Examinations were made in 46 patients, including Group 1 (a control group) of 15 persons without MS components; Group 2 of 31 patients with MS, Group 3 of 16 MS patients who had taken an ω-3 PUFA for 6 months, and Group 4 of 15 MS patients who had received the drug for 12 months. The composition of plasma FA and red blood cells was analyzed on a gas-liquid chromatograph. An enzyme immunoassay was used to measure the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and eicosanoids (thromboxane B2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α, leukotriene B4). A biologically active additive from the king crab (Paralithodes camtschatica) hepatopancreas was used as a source of ω-3 PUFA.Having a higher proportion of linoleic and α-linolenic acids in the plasma, the patients were found to have decreased levels of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs (linoleic and α-linolenic, arachidonic, and eicosapentaenoic acids) and a larger proportion of Mead acid and saturated FAs (myristic and stearic acids) in the red blood cells, suggesting that that cellular blood FA transfer was impaired and FAs were absorbed by cells. Their serum samples showed the high levels of leukotriene B4, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α, and thromboxane A2. The long-term (6- and 12-month) use of ω-3 PUFA from the king crab hepatopancreas had a positive impact in modifying the lipid FA composition of red blood cells and in eliminating deficiencies of physiologically important ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs in the blood cells.The findings suggest that FAs and their metabolites play an important role in the pathogenesis of MS and that dietary ω-3 PUFA should be incorporated into a package of preventive and therapeutic measures for MS.Цель исследования. Изучить состав жирных кислот (ЖК) плазмы, эритроцитов и уровень эйкозаноидов у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом (МС) и оценить возможность коррекции метаболических нарушений при курсовом применении препарата ω-3 полиненасыщенных жирных кислот (ПНЖК). Материалы и методы. Обследовали 46 человек, из них 1-ю группу (контрольная) составили 15 человек без компонентов МС, 2-ю группу - 31 человек с МС, в 3-ю группу вошли 16 человек с МС, получавшие препарат ω-3 ПНЖК в течение 6 мес, в 4-ю группу - 15 человек с МС, принимавшие ω-3 ПНЖК в течение 12 мес. Анализировали состав ЖК плазмы крови и эритроцитов на газожидкостном хроматографе. Методом иммуноферментного анализа определяли содержание α-фактора некроза опухоли (TNF-α), эйкозаноидов (тромбоксан В2, 6-кето-простагландин F1α, лейкотриен В4) в сыворотке крови. В качестве источника ω-3 ПНЖК использовали биологически активную добавку (БАД) из гепатопанкреаса камчатского краба. Результаты. У пациентов с МС на фоне повышения доли линолевой и α-линоленовой кислот в плазме крови выявлено снижение уровня ω-3 и ω-6 ПНЖК (линолевая, α-линоленовая, арахидоновая, эйкозапентаеновая), увеличение доли кислоты Мида и насыщенных ЖК (миристиновая, стеариновая) в эритроцитах крови, что указывает на нарушение переноса в крови и поглощение клетками ЖК. В сыворотке крови установлено высокое содержание лейкотриена В4, 6-кето-простагландина-F1α, тромбоксана А2. Пролонгированное применение препарата ω-3 ПНЖК из гепатопанкреаса камчатского краба (6 и 12 мес) положительно влияло на модификацию состава ЖК липидов эритроцитов, устраняло дефицит физиологически важных ω-3 и ω-6 ЖК в клетках крови. Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о важной роли ЖК и их метаболитов в патогенезе МС и целесообразности включения алиментарных ω-3 ПНЖК в комплекс профилактических и терапевтических мероприятий при МС.

We examined composition of plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NFAs), erythrocyte fatty acids, levels of eicosanoids in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with different type of the inflammatory response. The results of our study show that asthma and COPD in remission are associated with changes in the composition NFAs of plasma, FA of erythrocytes, level eicosanoid despite the difference in the regulation of immunological mechanisms of systemic inflammation. These changes are characterized by excessive production of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites (thromboxane B2, leukotriene B4) and deficiency of their functional antagonist, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3). The recognized association between altered fatty acid composition and disorders of the immune mechanisms of regulation of systemic inflammation in COPD and asthma demonstrated the important role of fatty acids and their metabolites in persistence of inflammatory processes in diseases of the respiratory system in the condition of remission.Izuchen sostav zhirnykh kislot (ZhK) plazmy krovi i membran éritrotsitov, uroven' éĭkozanoidov u bol'nykh bronkhial'noĭ astmoĭ (BA) i khronicheskoĭ obstruktivnoĭ bolezn'iu legkikh (KhOBL) pri raznom tipe vospalitel'noĭ reaktsii. Ustanovleno, chto techenie BA i KhOBL v period remissii, nesmotria na razlichie immunologicheskikh mekhanizmov reguliatsii sistemnogo vospaleniia, soprovozhdaetsia odnonapravlennymi izmeneniiami sostava neéterifitsirovannykh zhirnykh kislot plazmy krovi i ZhK membran éritrotsitov, urovnia éĭkozanoidov, kharakterizuiushchimisia povyshennoĭ produktsieĭ arakhidonovoĭ kisloty (20:4n-6) i ee tsiklooksigenaznykh i lipoksigenaznykh metabolitov (tromboksan V2, leĭkotrien V4) na fone defitsita funktsional'nogo antagonista – éĭkozapentaenovoĭ kisloty (20:5n-3). Obnaruzhennaia assotsiatsiia mezhdu modifikatsieĭ sostava zhirnykh kislot krovi i narusheniem immunnykh mekhanizmov reguliatsii sistemnogo vospaleniia pri KhOBL i BA svidetel'stvuet o vazhnom znachenii zhirnykh kislot i ikh metabolitov v persistentsii vospalitel'nogo protsessa pri zabolevaniiakh bronkholegochnoĭ sistemy v period remissii.

Background. Comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma (asthma COPD overlap syndrome, ACOS) is a significant problem in pulmonary practice, whose pathogenetic issues are not clarified yet.Objective. To study the features of the regulation of immune response in patients with comorbid COPD and asthma.Methods. We assessed the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, CD19+, CD25+, HLA-DR, total IgE, TNF-α, IL-4, IFN-γ, TXB2, and LTB4in patients with comorbid COPD and asthma.Results. The study involved 44 people with COPD, 39 people with asthma, and 12 people with comorbid COPD and asthma. The specific features in comorbid COPD and asthma were lymphocytosis, increased absolute count of T-helper cells, increased cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in relative and absolute count, increased relative and absolute numbers of B-lymphocytes, and high levels of total IgE. The elevated levels of TNF-αand IL-4 and inhibition of IFN-γproduction were detected. The content of LTB4was maximal; TXB2levels were higher than in control group but lower than in COPD and asthma.Conclusion. In comorbid COPD and asthma inflammation increased even during stable period. High levels of eicosanoids, low production of Th1-type cytokines, and active synthesis of opposition IL-4, along with increased IgE, indicate the activation of Th2-type immune response.

В статье приводятся данные об экспрессии эндотелиальных вазоактивных медиаторов у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом, анализируется их связь с инсулинорезистентностью. Согласно полученным данным, совокупность обменных нарушений, инсулинорезистентность, а также изменение концентрации метаболитов арахидоновой кислоты ведут к нарушению эндотелийзависимой релаксации сосудов. Выявлен характер изменений регуляторных вазоактивных медиаторов при разных вариантах метаболического синдрома.

Background Disturbances of the fatty acids composition in plasma and red blood cells and eicosanoid synthesis play an important role in the metabolic syndrome (MS) formation. Methods The observation group included 61 people with metabolic syndrome (30 patients with MS and normal levels of insulin, 31 people with MS and insulin resistance - IR). The parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in blood serum were examined. The composition of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), fatty acid (FA) of red blood cells lipids was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Eicosanoids level in MS patients blood serum was studied by enzyme immunoassay. Results In MS patients in the absence of glucose-insulin homeostasis disturbances and in patients with IR the accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:2 n6, 18:3 n3, 22:4 n6) and lower pool of saturated FA (12:0, 14:0, 16: 0, 17:0) in plasma were discovered. A deficit of polyunsaturated FA (18:3 n3, 20:4 n6) with a predominance of on-saturated FA (14:0, 18:0) in erythrocyte membranes was revealed. In MS patients regardless of the carbohydrate metabolism status high levels of leukotriene B4 and 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1α in serum were found. The development of IR in MS patients leads to increased synthesis of thromboxane A2. Conclusion The results revealed a disturbance in nonesterified fatty acids of plasma lipids and red blood cells, eicosanoid synthesis in MS patients. The breach of the plasma and cell membranes fatty acids compositions, synthesis of vasoactive and proinflammatory eicosanoids is an important pathogenetic part of the MS development.