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Additional file 1: Stool DNA extraction and qPCR. Figure S1. A. Faecal hookworm PCR Cq values correlated to larval yield and over 16 months. B. Faecal hookworm PCR Cq values over time.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Schedule of events for both studies. Table S2. Growth parameters of the 3D7-MBE-008 pilot bank (n = 2) compared to 3D7 bank using historical data (n = 177). Table S3. Growth parameters of the 3D7-V1 pilot bank (n = 2) compared to 3D7-V2 bank using historical data (n = 177). Table S4. Overall clinical score recorded for each participant during 3D7-MBE-008 study. Table S5. Overall clinical score recorded for each participant during 3D7-V1 study.

Supplemental Material, Revised_Appendix_Rev1 for Hypophosphatemia and Outcomes in ICU: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Jeremy Cheuk Kin Sin, Lillian King, Emma Ballard, Stacey Llewellyn, Kevin B. Laupland and Alexis Tabah in Journal of Intensive Care Medicine

Objectives: Apheresis has been used as adjunctive treatment of severe falciparum malaria, loiasis and babesiosis. This systematic review aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of apheresis in the treat- ment of these conditions. Methods: MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were searched to identify studies published between January 1969 and March 2018 involving patients treated using apheresis for severe falciparum malaria, loiasis or babesiosis. Data extracted included details about the apheresis intervention, popula- tions, study methods and outcomes relating to efficacy and safety. Results: A total of 67 publications met the inclusion criteria and were included in the data synthesis, 36 for malaria (70 cases), 17 for babesiosis (22 cases) and 14 for loiasis (34 cases). Publications were case reports, case series, and cohort studies; there were no randomised controlled trials identified. Potential publication bias was considered to be high. Conclusions: Systematic review of the literature suggests that apheresis may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of patients hospitalised for babesiosis, and prior to chemotherapy in loiasis with microfilarial count > 80 0 0 parasites/mL. Data does not support the use of apheresis in patients with severe falciparum malaria.

Investigation of qPCR data and subsequent categorisation into classes of Necator americanus and Ascaris spp. infection intensity. Figure S1. Necator americanus and Ascaris spp. intensity of infection (Cq-value) distributions. Uninfected people were excluded from these figures for purposes of scale. Text 2. Use of receiver-operating characteristic curves to statistically assign intensity of infection cut-points. Text 3. Use of epg-Cq algorithm to statistically assign intensity of infection cut-points. Table S1 Ascaris spp. and Necator americanus intensity of infection quantification cycle (Cq) cut-points between heavy and moderate morbidity assigned from receiver-operating characteristic curves. (DOCX 17 kb)

Additional file 1: Text S1. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic data analysis for ivermectin and moxidectin treatment in pigs through plasma, red blood cells (RBC) and skin samples. Table S1. Summary of non-compartmental PK data. Figure S1. Moxidectin concentration over time profile for the two pigs for each sample type. Figure S2. Natural Log of the moxidectin concentration over time profile for the two pigs for each sample type. Figure S3. Ivermectin concentration over time profile for the two pigs for each sample type. Figure S4. Natural log of the ivermectin concentration over time profile for the two pigs for each sample type. Text S2. The equivalent ivermectin dose determination for pour-on and oral administration to subcutaneous administration through comparisons of non-compartmental pharmacokinetic parameters. Table S2. Summary of Non-compartmental PK data for pigs treated with 0.6Â mg/kg ivermectin. Table S3. Oral and pour-on ivermectin doses required for equivalence to subcutaneous injection.

Additional file 1: Text S1. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic data analysis for ivermectin and moxidectin treatment in pigs through plasma, red blood cells (RBC) and skin samples. Table S1. Summary of non-compartmental PK data. Figure S1. Moxidectin concentration over time profile for the two pigs for each sample type. Figure S2. Natural Log of the moxidectin concentration over time profile for the two pigs for each sample type. Figure S3. Ivermectin concentration over time profile for the two pigs for each sample type. Figure S4. Natural log of the ivermectin concentration over time profile for the two pigs for each sample type. Text S2. The equivalent ivermectin dose determination for pour-on and oral administration to subcutaneous administration through comparisons of non-compartmental pharmacokinetic parameters. Table S2. Summary of Non-compartmental PK data for pigs treated with 0.6Â mg/kg ivermectin. Table S3. Oral and pour-on ivermectin doses required for equivalence to subcutaneous injection.

Background In Timor-Leste there have been intermittent and ineffective soil-transmitted helminth (STH) deworming programs since 2004. In a resource-constrained setting, having information on the geographic distribution of STH can aid in prioritising high risk communities for intervention. This study aimed to quantify the environmental risk factors for STH infection and to produce a risk map of STH in Manufahi district, Timor-Leste. Methodology/Principal findings Georeferenced cross-sectional data and stool samples were obtained from 2,194 participants in 606 households in 24 villages in the Manufahi District as part of cross sectional surveys done in the context of the “WASH for Worms” randomised controlled trial. Infection status was determined for Ascaris lumbricoides and Necator americanus using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Baseline infection data were linked to environmental data obtained for each household. Univariable and multivariable multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analysis with random effects at the village and household level were conducted, with all models adjusted for age and sex. For A. lumbricoides, being a school-aged child increased the odds of infection, whilst higher temperatures in the coolest quarter of the year, alkaline soils, clay loam/loam soils and woody savannas around households were associated with decreased infection odds. For N. americanus, greater precipitation in the driest month, higher average enhanced vegetation index, age and sandy loam soils increased infection odds, whereas being female and living at higher elevations decreased the odds of infection. Predictive risk maps generated for Manufahi based upon these final models highlight the high predicted risk of N. americanus infection across the district and the more focal nature of A. lumbricoides infection. The predicted risk of any STH infection is high across the entire district. Conclusions/Significance The widespread predicted risk of any STH infection in 6 to 18 year olds provides strong evidence to support strategies for control across the entire geographical area. As few studies include soil texture and pH in their analysis, this study adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting these factors influence STH infection distribution. This study also further supports that A. lumbricoides prefers acidic soils, highlighting a potential relatively unexplored avenue for control. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ACTRN12614000680662., Author summary The majority of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections have long-term ramifications on an individual’s health and productivity, contributing to malnutrition, anaemia, and impaired childhood growth. In Timor-Leste there have been intermittent and ineffective STH control programs since 2004. When resources are constrained, having information on the geographic distribution of STH is important to ensure limited resources are targeted to areas most in need. In this study we predicted the risk of Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus and any STH infection in the Manufahi district of Timor-Leste, providing the first available risk maps for STH infection in any part of the country. To achieve this, we assessed the relationship between selected environmental factors and STH infection to create multivariable models accounting for potential clustering of infections in villages and households. Using these multivariable models, we predicted the risk of A. lumbricoides and N. americanus infection across the district based on the environmental variables. We found that the predicted risk of infection with N. americanus in the age group older than 18 years of age and with any STH in 6–18 year olds was high and widespread across Manufahi, supporting the need for control strategies across the entire geographical region. Our study also highlighted the focal nature of A. lumbricoides infection and its relationship with soil pH.