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Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and mortality, however, few mechanistic biomarkers are available for high risk patients, especially those without macroalbuminuria. Urine from participants with diabetes from Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC), Singapore Study of Macro-Angiopathy and Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes (SMART2D), and the Pima Indian Study determined if urine adenine/creatinine ratio (UAdCR) could be a mechanistic biomarker for ESKD. ESKD and mortality were associated with the highest UAdCR tertile in CRIC (HR 1.57, 1.18, 2.10) and SMART2D (HR 1.77, 1.00, 3.12). ESKD was associated with the highest UAdCR tertile in patients without macroalbuminuria in CRIC (HR 2.36, 1.26, 4.39), SMART2D (HR 2.39, 1.08, 5.29), and Pima Indian study (HR 4.57, CI 1.37-13.34). Empagliflozin lowered UAdCR in non-macroalbuminuric participants. Spatial metabolomics localized adenine to kidney pathology and transcriptomics identified ribonucleoprotein biogenesis as a top pathway in proximal tubules of patients without macroalbuminuria, implicating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Adenine stimulated matrix in tubular cells via mTOR and stimulated mTOR in mouse kidneys. A specific inhibitor of adenine production was found to reduce kidney hypertrophy and kidney injury in diabetic mice. We propose that endogenous adenine may be a causative factor in DKD.

Data of Yellow River Station all-sky imagers at 557.7 and 630.0 nm during 0800-0840 UT on 6 December 2018.

Additional file 1: Table S1. The reported incidence of PTB in China, 2006–2020. Table S2. Variations in the reported incidence of PTB by age, period, and birth cohort in mainland China, 2006–2020. Table S3-1. APC-IE model parameters and relative risk of notified incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis by gender in China, 2006–2020. Table S3-2. APC-IE model parameters and relative risks of notified incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in different regions of China, 2006–2020.

Along with the continuously go deep into of the research on coal series stratum, unconventional coal-derived gas gets more attention, including coalbed methane, shale gas and tight sandstone gas. However, selection evaluation as the basis and prerequisite for the exploration and development of unconventional coal-derived gas has great significance. The purpose of this paper is to set up a selection evaluation system, and this system is called selection evaluation on co-mining of “the three gas” in coal series stratum. If a basin exists these three gases at the same time, then we can use this evaluation system to evaluate this type of basin and choose dessert area, finally, for co-mining of “the three gas” in coal series stratum provide guidance. By choosing the main control factors of coalbed methane, shale gas and tight sandstone gas, and based on fuzzy mathematics, analytic hierarchy process theory and multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory to research selection evaluation system on co-mining of “the three gas” in coal series stratum. Finally, 26 main control factors are selected, and then the index system is set up; in addition, by calculating the weight and establishing the membership function and evaluation set, and then selection evaluation system on co-mining of “the three gas” in coal series stratum with a four layer index is established. This paper can provide a theoretical basis and engineering guidance for unconventional gas exploration and development. Keywords: Geological engineering, Selection evaluation system, Multi-level fuzzy mathematics, “The three gas” in coal series stratum

journal supplementary materials (JCEM 2021-01327 R1)

supplementary data for JCEM submission

Additional file 1. Supplementary Table 1, 2 and 3.

Supplemental materials. This file contains supplemental tables (Table S1-S8) and figures (Figure S1-S6). (PDF 2826 kb)

Supplemental material, Supplementary_Materials__R2 for Cause-Specific Mortality in Multiethnic South East Asians With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Jian-Jun Liu, Robin W. M. Choo, Sylvia Liu, Resham L. Gurung, Shiou Liang Wee and Su Chi Lim in Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health

Background In response to the COVID-19 epidemic, China implemented a series of interventions that impacted tuberculosis (TB) control in the country. Methods Based on routine surveillance data and questionnaires, the study analyzed TB notification, follow-up examinations, and treatment outcomes. The data were split into three phases in relation to outbreak, lockdown and reopen when the nationwide COVID-19 response started in 2020: control (11 weeks prior), intensive (11 weeks during and immediately after), and regular (4 additional weeks). Data from 2017–2019 were used as baseline. Findings The notified number of TB patients decreased sharply in the 1st week of the intensive period but took significantly longer to rebound in 2020 compared with baseline. The percentages of TB patients undergoing sputum examination within one week after 2 months treatment and full treatment course in the intensive period were most affected and decreased by 8% in comparison with control period. 75•2% (221/294) of counties reallocated CDC and primary health care workers to fight the COVID-19 epidemic, 26•9% (725/2694) of TB patients had postponed or missed their follow-up examinations due to travel restrictions and fear of contracting COVID-19. Interpretation In the short term, the COVID-19 epidemic mostly affected TB notification and follow-up examinations in China, which may lead to a surge of demand for TB services in the near future. To cope with this future challenge, an emergency response mechanism for TB should be established. Funding National Health Commission of China–Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation TB Collaboration project (OPP1137180).

Background: Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) plays an important role in cancer progression. Recently, several clinical studies investigated how the overexpression of hTERT predicts the poor prognosis of solid tumors. However, the results were inconclusive, partly because of the small numbers of patients included. Method: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase to identify relevant studies until August 2017. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the association of hTERT expression and survival outcomes. Results: A total of 27studies enrolling 2530 solid tumor patients were included in this meta-analysis. There were strong significant associations between hTERT overexpression and all endpoints: overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.31–1.73, P = .00), disease-free survival (HR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.38–2.46; P = .00), and recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.07–2.99; P = .028). In the subgroup analysis, it was found that the overexpression of hTERT induced poor OS in lung cancer (HR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.21–1.89; P = .00). Conclusion: Our comprehensive systematic review concluded that the overexpression of hTERT was associated with poor survival in human solid tumors. hTERT may be a valuable predictive biomarker for prognosis.

For seed-bearing plants, the basis of seed and fruit formation is pollination. The normal progression of pollination is through advances in continuous signal exchange and material transfer, which occur mainly in female reproductive organs; thus, the molecular mechanism of development in female reproductive organs is vital for understanding the principle of pollination. However, molecular biology studies on the development of female cones related to pollination are rare and unclear in gymnosperms, especially in Cupressaceae. In this study, Platycladus orientalis, a monotypic genus within Cupressaceae, was chosen to examine female cone transcriptomes at pre-pollination and pollination stages by Illumina paired-end sequencing technology to de novo sequence six libraries with 3 biological replicates. These libraries were used to construct a P. orientalis transcriptome database containing 71,669 unigenes (4,963 upregulated unigenes and 11,747 downregulated unigenes at the pollination stage) for subsequent analysis. Based on the annotations and expression levels, the functions of differentially expressed unigenes and enriched pathways between the developmental processes of female cones were analysed to detail the preliminary development and pollination mechanism of the female cone. Targeted investigations were specifically performed to determine the elementary mechanism of secretion and functioning of the pollination drop, a vital ovule secretion at the pollination stage. Ultimately, the expression of 15 unigenes selected between two stages were further assessed and confirmed using qRT-PCR, which demonstrated reliable data and significant differences in the expression profiles of key genes. As one of the largest available transcriptomic resources of this species, the database is constructed to prospectively adapt to the physiological and genomic data of woody plants. This work provided the first transcriptome profile of P. orientalis female cones at different developmental stages, and will promote the illumination of the pollination mechanism of P. orientalis, and will serve as the basis for in-depth genomic study in the Cupressaceae family. This initiative will arouse the interest and attention of scholars and pave the way for future studies.

Trajectory design of sidetrack horizontal well is faced with bypassing obstacles in cluster wells which makes the design process more complicated. The obstacle is assumed to be drilled trajectory sections such as vertical section and directional section, then they are described as a part of cylinder and annulus. Trajectory type for bypassing obstacle is classified based on geometrical relationship between tangent line of sidetrack point, tangent line of target point and axis of obstacle. The objective function is minimizing the total trajectory energy and the constraints include the safety distance to obstacle and the maximum build rate and maximum turn rate. Teaching-learning Cuckoo Search algorithm has been proposed to solve the established model. Case studies have been carried out according to different trajectory type, the results indicate that the proposed method can obtain sidetrack trajectory with minimum trajectory energy, in the meanwhile, the trajectory can avoid collision with obstacle and the wellbore curvatures are appropriate, the new method avoid trial calculation, it is also applicable to other types of sidetrack well trajectory for bypassing obstacles.

supplementary material for Journal of Endocrinology Society

supplementary for JCEM manuscript

Ocean reverberation is an important issue in underwater acoustics, which usually influences the working performance of the active sonars significantly. The deep-water reverberation data are collected from the South China Sea experiment including the reverberation signals at large receiving depths near the bottom, showing that the wave intensity increases obviously at some moments with time increasing. To analyze in depth the data, a uniform bottom-reverberation model is proposed based on the ray theory, which can calculate monostatic and bistatic reverberation intensity and explain the generation process of deep-water reverberation. The mesh method is first used in this model by dividing bottom scatterers into a number of grids. Then reverberation is calculated based on the exact time of generating the scattering signal from each grid. Due to the exact arrival time, the presented model can provide more accurate result than classical models, in which scatterers are usually treated as circular rings or elliptical rings. Numerical results are compared with experimental reverberations at different receiving distances and depths. The simulated and experimental results agree well overall for large receiving depths, whereas agreement extent decreases for the case of receiving depth close to the sea surface. The analytical results indicate that the applied scattering coefficient is suitable for this experimental sea area, and meanwhile verify that this scattering model is more accurate for low-angle bottom backscatters corresponding to the reverberation at large receiving depths.

Interaction between interplanetary shock and magnetosphere frequently induces dayside enhancements of auroral activity, and subsequent enhancement of auroral precipitation referred as shock aurora propagating dawnward and duskward from noon to the night sector. In some cases, these interplanetary shocks also induce enhanced activity during which the power precipitated into the night sector may reach values as high as observed during typical magnetospheric substorms. Present study analyzes the nightside auroral responses to the interplanetary shock sudden compression based-on the ground optical auroral observations from Chinese Antarctic Zhongshan (ZHS) and Arctic Yellow River (YRS) stations for the first time. The analysis result of 18 shock associated aurora cases indicated that nightside auroral responses can be classified into auroral breakup and weak intensification or quiescent events. Epoch time analysis showed that both the solar wind-magnetosphere coupling efficiency and electro-magnetic environment inside magnetosphere determine the nightside auroral responses.

Macrolide antibiotics are widely used for treatment of community-acquired infectious diseases, but its side effects have not been thoroughly investigated, especially on the intestinal tract. Erythromycin, roxithromycin and azithromycin are macrolide antibiotics sharing similar chemical structure and their side effects on intestinal microflora of BALB/c mice were tested in this study. The bacterial composition of microflora was determined by 16S rRNA gene analysis conducted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The dominant bands were selected and sequenced to determine each individual bacteria. The total amount of 16S rRNA gene was reduced after macrolide antibiotics were administrated, and the specific pattern of bacterial composition was identified from each drug treatment. Bacteroides sp. and Clostridium butyricum str. were dominant intestinal organisms in all three drug-treated mice. This study reveals a significant change of bacterial composition of microflora on the tested mice for macrolide antibiotics. Key words: Macrolide antibiotics, side effects, intestinal microflora, polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE).

Geostress evolution in the process of oil field development can directly influence wellbore stability. Therefore, it is significant to strengthen the research of the evolution rule for well drilling and casing protection. Considering the interaction between reservoir seepage and stress fields, a mathematical model to characterize the stress evolution around wellbore was built. Using the FEM Software ABAQUS, through numerical simulation, the authors studied the evolution features of pore pressure and stress changes with time under different injection-production ratio, which disclosed the dynamic change regulation of pore pressure and stress of surrounding rock nearby the injection and production wells. These results may have implications in the treatment of wellbore stability and optimizing the injection and production processes during oil and gas production.

To predict of the changes of soil temperature field surrounding the underground pipe at constant temperature in permafrost region is important to the pipes and the ground structures atop. Numerical simulation is an effective method to predict the change of soil temperature field including the influence of heat pipe to surrounding soil temperature field. Fluid mechanics, heat transfer theory and permafrost engineering theory are used to analysis of the problem; the problem is carried out as a transient problem. In this paper, a mathematical model for underground heat pipe-soil temperature field has been established and analyzed by using the simulation software GeoStudio TEMP/W; the variation of the soil temperature field in permafrost region has been simulated with or without insulation layer; and the tendency of the freeze-thaw curves and the temperature range surrounding underground heat pipe without insulation layer in operation has been presented and compared with that of with insulation layer. Some novel laws are obtained as follows: (1) when the heat pipe is in operation, the soil temperature field is gradually changing, and the changing speeds up daily, but it will reach a steady state in some day.; (2) if there is insulation layer, changes in temperature range will drop a lot, the movement of the freeze-thaw line will decrease more than 55.59%. The bigger the thickness of insulation layer there is, the smaller the temperature range there is. The results procide a theoretical basis for structure optimization and safe operation of underground pipe, etc. Keywords: permafrost region, underground heat pipe, soil temperature field, numerical simulation

This paper investigates the effect of Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling on the spin-transport properties of ferromagnet/insulator/semiconductor/insulator/ferromagnet double-barrier structures. The influence of the thickness of the insulator between the ferromagnet and the semiconductor on the polarization is also considered. The obtained results indicate that (i) the polarization can be enhanced by reducing the insulator layers at zero temperature, and (ii) the tunnelling magnetoresistance inversion can be illustrated by the influence of the Dresselhaus spin–orbit coupling effect in the double-barrier structure. Due to the Dresselhaus spin–orbit coupling effect, the tunnelling magnetoresistance inversion occurs when the energy of a localized state in the barrier matches the Fermi energy EF of the ferromagnetic electrodes.

In the effective-mass approximation, using a simple two-parameter wave function and a one-dimensional (1D) equivalent potential model, we calculate variationally the binding energy of an exciton bound to a neutral donor (D0,X) in finite GaAs-AlxGa1−xAs quantum well wires (QWWs). At the wire width of 25 A, the binding energy has a peak value, which is also at the position of the peak of the exciton binding energy, and the center-of-mass wave functions of excitons reaches the most centralized distribution. In addition, the changing tendency of the average interparticle distance as the wire width is reverse to that of the binding energy.

A spin wave theory is proposed to study nematic liquid crystals. Since the orientation of the molecular long axis and the angular momentum of the molecule rotating around its long axis have the same direction, operators can be introduced to research the nematic liquid crystal. By transforming the intermolecular interaction potential, the Hamiltonian of the system has the same form as that of the ferromagnetic substance. The relation of the order parameters to the reduced temperature can be obtained. It is in good agreement with the experimental results in the low temperature region. In the high temperature region close to the transition point, by using the Hamiltonian, the transition point can be obtained, which is near to the Maier–Saupe's result.

Objective To explore anti-tumor effect and mechanism of Allicin in treating murine bladder tumor.Methods: To observe Allicin’s effect on MBT-2 tumor cells in vitro, 100 ⧎g/ml Allicin was added to the tumor cell culture, and the morphology of tumor cells was observed by phase contrast microscope 6 hrs later. The direct effects of Allicin on tumor cell growth in vitro in the MTT Assay was also evaluated. To determine anti-tumor effect of Allicin in vivo, C3H/He mice were randomly grouped prior to initiation of experiment. The mice received 1 × 105 MBT-2 cells administered subcutaneously into the right posterior flank on the Day 0 the experiment started. Allicin was injected at the site near tumor transplantation on the Day 1. The mice were examined for tumor development and the tumors were measured in two dimensions with calipers twice a week. On Day 21 the tumors were resected and examined pathologically to see the immune response.Results: The observation of morphology of MBT-2 cells in vitro and MTT assay indicated that Allicin has apparent direct cytotoxicity to bladder cancer cells. In high dosage group, a marked delay was shown in the appearance and growth of tumors after subcutaneously injection when compared with the control group (P< 0.01). Histology studies suggested that there were more macrophages, lymphocytes and fibroblasts at the peri-tumor region than the control group.Conclusion: Allicin has a marked tumor inhibitory effect on bladder tumor. This effect could possibly be related to direct cytotoxicity and activation of immune response. It could as possibly prove to be an effective intravesical treatment agent for superficial bladder cancer.

The microscopic theory of the blue phases of chiral liquid crystal is proposed. Beginning with the potential between two molecules, by using the cell model of liquid, applying statistical physical method, the distribution function and the free energy of the system are obtained. By using variational approach and zero-order approximation, the differential equation that the order parameter tensor of the blue phase can satisfy is obtained. Then we change the differential equation to the eigenequation problem in quantum mechanics. Considering the symmetry of the blue phases, the order parameter tensors of blue phases I and II can be made up of the eigenvectors. Our results are the same as the results of Ginzberg-Landau's phenomenological theory. The parameters in the order parameter tensors that we calculate in the located system are close to the predecessors' results.

A statistical theory of the blue phase of chiral liquid crystal is proposed. The form of the interaction potential between molecules is assumed to be the same as that used in the theory for cholesteric phase. Using the cell model of the liquid statistical theory, we deduced the distribution function of single molecule. The free energy of the system obtained has the same form as that of the Ginzberg–Landau phenomenology theory. The order-parameter tensors of BPI and BPII phases we calculated can be compared with the experimental results.

An analytical study was undertaken using the performance model of a two spool direct drive high BPR 300kN thrust turbofan engine, to investigate the effects of advanced configurations on overall engine performance. These include variable bypass nozzle, variable cooling air flow and more electric technique. For variable bypass nozzle, analysis on performance of outer fan at different conditions indicates that different operating points cannot meet optimal performance at the same time if the bypass nozzle area kept a constant. By changing bypass nozzle throat area at different states, outer fan operating point moves to the location where airflow and efficiency are more appropriate, and have enough margin away from surge line. As a result, the range of variable area of bypass nozzle throat is determined which ensures engine having a low SFC and adequate stability. For variable cooling airflow, configuration of turbine cooling air flow extraction and methodology for obtaining change of cooling airflow are investigated. Then, base on temperature analysis of turbine vane and blade and resistance of cooling airflow, reduction of cooling airflow is determined. Finally, using performance model which considering effect of cooling air flow on work and efficiency of turbine, variable cooling airflow effect on overall performance is analyzed. For more electric technique, the main characteristic is to use power off-take instead of overboard air extraction. Power off-take and air extraction effect on overall performance of high bypass turbofan engine is compared. Investigation demonstrates that power offtake will have less SFC.

Considering the difference of energy bands in graphene and silicene, we put forward a new model of the graphene-silicene-graphene (GSG) heterojunction. In the GSG, we study the valley polarization properties in a zigzag nanoribbon in the presence of an external electric field. We find the energy range associated with the bulk gap of silicene has a valley polarization more than 95%. Under the protection of the topological edge states of the silicene, the valley polarization remains even the small non-magnetic disorder is introduced. These results have certain practical significance in applications for future valley valve.

In this letter, a novel terahertz (THz) wave switch based on metamaterial is proposed and measured.On–off switching is based on a controllable resonance of the metamaterial by applying an external semiconductor laser to illuminate substrate. Experimentally, we demonstrate on–off response time speed and extinction ratio of the proposed THz wave switch is of 1 ms and 19.4 dB at 0.32 THz, respectively. The presented THz wave switch has a potential application to THz wave communication systems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:276–278, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25751

Two different strains of human herpes simplex virus type 2 (HHSV-2) and /or murine leukemia virus (MLV) were inoculated into newborn mice. In mice of mixed infection with MLV plus HHSV-2(333) or MLV plus HHSV-2(Wu)incidences of leukemia were respectively 79.16% and 75.00%,and in those inoculated with MLV alone were 41.02% and 44.74% in the experiment for 3 months. The differences of incidences between the two conditions were highly significant (p

Raman spectra and infrared reflectance spectra of a cesium lithium borate (CLBO: CsLiB6O10) single crystal have been recorded in various geometrical configurations. The vibrational modes are classified by the factor group analysis method and the spectral bands are assigned to vibrational frequencies of (B3O6)3− ring and BO4 tetrahedra. A comparison of the vibrational frequencies of various borate crystals suggests a correlation between the highest vibrational frequency of borate crystals and their nonlinear optical efficiency.

We experimentally demonstrate perfect discrimination between two unitary operations by using the sequential scheme proposed by Duan et al.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 (2007) 100503] Also, we show how to understand the scheme and to calculate the parameters for two-dimensional operations in the picture of the Bloch sphere.

An approach to passive impulsive source range estimation in shallow water is proposed. The approach is based on warping transformation of the energy density function of the received signal. Because of the influence of the sea bottom, it is difficult to find a warping operator adapted to the dispersion characteristics of modes in shallow water. Even though the modes can be separated from each other by using the warping operator adapted to the ideal waveguide, it is impossible to obtain the analytic solutions of the characteristic frequencies, while the energy density function of the received signal is not affected by the sea bottom. Like the received signal and the autocorrelation function of the signal, the frequency spectrum of the warped energy density function of the received signal also owns invariable frequency features. These characteristic frequencies equal the difference in the cut-off frequency between two modes in ideal waveguide, which are easy to calculate with the knowledge of the depth and the average sound speed of the water. What is more, the warping operator transforms mode pairs in energy density function with the same mode number difference into one monotone, which means one characteristic frequency is not unique for one mode pair. In shallow water, the acoustic field is typically composed of a group of modes with close mode numbers. Therefore, the smaller the mode number difference, the more the mode pairs, and the higher the spectral peak of the corresponding monotone is. When the source range is unknown, the approximate relation formula between the extracted characteristic frequency in a supposed source range and the real characteristic frequency is derived, based on which a fast passive source range estimation method is proposed. The proposed method successfully avoids using the guide source and the calculation of replica field, which is necessary in existing passive range estimation algorithms. And applying warping operator to the energy density function of the received signal makes it easy to obtain the analytic solutions of the characteristic frequencies, which is impossible in previous researches. The method is successfully applied to the Yellow Sea impulsive signal data collected by a single hydrophone in November 2011. The mean relative error of range estimation is less than 8%.

Superoscillation is known as a counter-intuitive property of a band-limited function that oscillates faster than its highest Fourier component in a prescribed interval. Based on superoscillation, micro/nano optical devices, breaking through the diffraction limit in the far-field independent of evanescent waves, have potential applications, including super-resolution, nano-photolithography, high-density optical storage, etc. In this paper, superoscillation is introduced simply, and several optical superoscillatory designs with focusing and imaging abilities are summarized primarily, and some defects and future research emphases in these designs are pointed out.

We conducted a three-stage genetic study to identify susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in east Asian populations. We followed our stage 1 meta-analysis of eight T2D genome-wide association studies (6,952 cases with T2D and 11,865 controls) with a stage 2 in silico replication analysis (5,843 cases and 4,574 controls) and a stage 3 de novo replication analysis (12,284 cases and 13,172 controls). The combined analysis identified eight new T2D loci reaching genome-wide significance, which mapped in or near GLIS3, PEPD, FITM2-R3HDML-HNF4A, KCNK16, MAEA, GCC1-PAX4, PSMD6 and ZFAND3. GLIS3, which is involved in pancreatic beta cell development and insulin gene expression1,2, is known for its association with fasting glucose levels3,4. The evidence of an association with T2D for PEPD5 and HNF4A6,7 has been shown in previous studies. KCNK16 may regulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion in the pancreas. These findings, derived from an east Asian population, provide new perspectives on the etiology of T2D.

We conducted a three-stage genetic study to identify susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in East Asian populations. The first stage meta-analysis of eight T2D genome-wide association studies (6,952 cases and 11,865 controls) was followed by a second stage in silico replication analysis (5,843 cases and 4,574 controls) and a stage 3 de novo replication analysis (12,284 cases and 13,172 controls). The combined analysis identified eight new T2D loci reaching genome-wide significance, which were mapped in or near GLIS3, PEPD, FITM2-R3HDML-HNF4A, KCNK16, MAEA, GCC1-PAX4, PSMD6 and ZFAND3. GLIS3, involved in pancreatic beta cell development and insulin gene expression1,2, is known for its association with fasting glucose levels3,4. The evidence of T2D association for PEPD5 and HNF4A6,7 has been detected in previous studies. KCNK16 may regulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion in the pancreas. These findings derived from East Asians provide new perspectives on the etiology of T2D.

We predict a mechanism to generate a pure spin current in a two-dimensional topological insulator. As the magnetic impurities exist on one of edges of the two-dimensional topological insulator, a gap is opened in the corresponding gapless edge states but another pair of gapless edge states with opposite spin are still protected by the time-reversal symmetry. So the conductance plateaus with the half-integer values $e^2/h$ can be obtained in the gap induced by magnetic impurities, which means that the pure spin current can be induced in the sample. We also find that the pure spin current is insensitive to weak disorder. The mechanism to generate pure spin currents is generalized for two-dimensional topological insulators., Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures

We conducted a three-stage genetic study to identify susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in east Asian populations. We followed our stage 1 meta-analysis of eight T2D genome-wide association studies (6,952 cases with T2D and 11,865 controls) with a stage 2 in silico replication analysis (5,843 cases and 4,574 controls) and a stage 3 de novo replication analysis (12,284 cases and 13,172 controls). The combined analysis identified eight new T2D loci reaching genome-wide significance, which mapped in or near GLIS3, PEPD, FITM2-R3HDML-HNF4A, KCNK16, MAEA, GCC1-PAX4, PSMD6 and ZFAND3. GLIS3, which is involved in pancreatic beta cell development and insulin gene expression, is known for its association with fasting glucose levels. The evidence of an association with T2D for PEPD and HNF4A has been shown in previous studies. KCNK16 may regulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion in the pancreas. These findings, derived from an east Asian population, provide new perspectives on the etiology of T2D.

The absolute permeability of coal, relative permeability of gas-water are necessary parameters to forecasting the birth rate of coalbed methane and water in mining. Taking Tiandiwangpo Mine in Jincheng for example, using steady-state method, the experiment of absolute permeability of coal, relative permeability of gas-water double state flow in the coalbed methane(CBM) reservoir were simulated under the condition of changing load and pore pressure. The relative permeability curves of coalbed gas-water were obtained. The relationship between effective stress and effective permeability of gas and water were studied. Some new laws are presented as follows: (1)with the increasing of confining pressure, the relative permeability of gas-water are increased slightly, it is proved that confining pressure has a great effect on the absolute permeability of coal, (2)a lower critical value of effective stress exists, the effective permeability of gas and water will decrease rapidly with the increase of effective stress when it is smaller than it. For the coal sample No.3, the lower critical effective stress is about 2.7MPa, (3) On the other hand, a upper critical value of effective stress is found, the effective permeability of gas and water will decrease slightly with the increase of effective stress when it is bigger than it. For the coal sample No.3, the upper critical effective stress is about 8.5MPa, (4) along with the increasing of the pore and the cranny, the effective permeability of gas and water increased as the pore pressure increased. The relational expressions for effective stress and the effective permeability of water and gas were studied. The experimental results can provide a theoretical basis for reasonable drainage of coalbed methane(CBM).

The supported nano-NiO/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst was prepared by deposition-precipitation (DP) method. Different analytical approaches such as XRD, BET, TEM and SEM/EDX were used to characterize the synthesized catalysts. The results showed that the prepared nano-NiO/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalysts had a coated structure with a loading of NiO in catalysts over 12 wt %, and they had also a high BET surface area of 124.6m2/g. The active components of catalyst were spherical NiO nanoparticles coated on the surface of supports with a size range of 12∼18 nm. Meantime, the activity of the catalysts to remove tar in the process of biomass pyrolysis was also investigated using a bench-scale combined fixed bed reactor. The experiments demonstrated that the tar yield after adding catalysts was reduced significantly, and the removal efficiency of tar reached to 99% for catalytic pyrolysis at 800oC, while the gas yield after adding catalysis increased markedly. Meanwhile, the compositions of gas products before and after adding catalysts in the process also changed significantly, especially the percentages of H 2 and CO in the product gas after adding catalysts were obviously increased. Therefore, the prepared catalysts showed their excellent catalytic activity for tar removal and syn-gas producation in biomass pyrolysis.

Recent advancements of the super-wideband (SWB) planar antennas are reviewed, where the progress in SWB metal-plate monopole antennas, SWB printed monopole antennas and the SWB printed slot antennas is introduced and compared. In addition, a SWB printed antenna with the band-notched function is also presented.

We describe the first report of the recovery of L-iditol and Taxane from an angiosperm- Yunnanopilia longistaminata (W.Z.Li) C.Y.Wu et D.Z.Li (Opiliaceae). Two taxane compounds and L-iditol were isolated from the tender burgeon of Yunnanopilia longistaminata, and their structure were identified as Taxayunnansin B, Taxumairol E and L-iditol on the basis of NMR and MS spectrum, respectively. It is a new plant source for L-iditol and taxanes.

Adaptive control system in dealing with the controlled plant with some unmodeled dynamics has his bad performance and deficiencies. To overcome this proposing a the adaptive control system with a model-free external loop as a compensator has been proposed. It consists of two feedback loops, one is the traditional adaptive feedback loop, called inner loop. The other is called model-free adaptive control (MFAC) based external loop, which is used to serve as a compensator for system tracking error caused by time-varying parameters and model mismatch and unmodeled dynamics. The method has very simple configuration. This paper have developed the method, added an control function combination, so that the method has improved the control precision. Simulation results have demonstrated the efficiency of the developed method.