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In this paper, a new concept of magnetic nanoparticles as magneto-optical markers is proposed, and a "magneto-optical gate" effect is explored. High-sensitivity detection of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was developed based on this principle. Under irradiation from monochromatic light with a wavelength much larger than the size of a given MNP, Rayleigh scattering occurs on the MNP surface. The MNPs anisotropic and orientate themselves into chains, meaning that the Rayleigh scattering now decreases under magnetic field excitation. After applying an AC magnetic field of frequency f, the transmitted light passing through the MNPs reagent generates an AC signal with a frequency of 2f. Moreover, the 2f signal disappears after removal of the magnetic field. This creates a "magneto-optical gate" effect. The instantaneous and highly sensitive detection of magneto-optical markers with a concentration of 0.2 {\mu}g/mL and an effective optical path length of 10 {\mu}m is realized based on this "magneto-optical gate" effect., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures

At present, the novel coronavirus pneumonia has been widespread worldwide, and there is no specific medicine. In response to the emergency, we adopted bioinformatics methods to study the virus's pathogenic mechanism and found possible control methods. We speculated in previous studies that E protein was related to viral infectivity. This study adopted the domain search techniques to analyze the E protein. The results showed that the E protein could bind iron or heme. The iron and heme bound by the E protein came from the attacked hemoglobin and phagocytes. When E protein attached to heme, it synthesized oxygen and water into superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. When the iron-bound E protein and the heme-bound E protein worked together, they converted superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. These were the “ROS attack” and “ROS escape” of the virus. “ROS attack” damaged the tissues or cells exposed on the surface of the virus, and “ROS escape” decomposed the superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide that attacked the virus. When NK cells exposed to infected cells, viruses that had not shed from the infected cells’ surface damaged them through “ROS attack”. Lymphocytes such as T cells and B cells, which could be close to the antigen of the virus surface, were also easily damaged or killed by the "ROS attack", resulting in a decrease in lymphocytes. When memory B cells exposed to the virus’s surface antigen, “ROS attack” also damaged them, resulting in the patient's re-infection. The virus used the “ROS escape” to decompose hydrogen peroxide released by phagocytes into oxygen and water. The surrounding cells were replenished with oxygen, and the patient had a “happy hypoxia” state. When the phagocytes swallowed the virus, the E protein converted superoxide anions into oxygen and water. In this way, the virus parasitized in the vesicles of the phagocyte. While virus in the lysosome, the E protein generated ROS to damage nearby hydrolases. The virus parasitized the lysosome in this way. Excessive hydroxyl free radicals destroyed the membrane structure of the lysosome, causing the lysosome to release hydrolase, phagocytic cells autophagy and died. Therefore, the colonizing phagocytes of the virus was related to asymptomatic infection or retest-positive. In short, the virus inhibited the immune system through “ROS escape”, and damaged the immune system by “ROS attack”. The destruction instigated a strong cytokine storm and led to organ failure and complications. This theory is only used for academic discussion.We hoped this discovery would help prevent severe epidemics and save more lives.

Receptor interacting protein kinase 4 (RIPK4) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis in several malignancies; however, its clinical significance and biological function in osteosarcoma (OS) remains unknown. In the present study, the RIPK4 expression level was significantly upregulated in OS tissues and cell lines. High RIPK4 expression was positively associated with larger sized tumors, advanced Enneking stage and poor prognosis in patients with OS. Furthermore, the results revealed that RIPK4 knockdown in the OS cell lines MG‑63 and U2OS reduced cell migration and invasion via the inhibition of epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, whereby E‑cadherin expression was increased and N‑cadherin and vimentin expression decreased. Mechanistically, RIPK4 knockdown inhibited EMT by inactivating the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. These findings suggest that RIPK4 may be a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of metastases in patients with OS.

The high mortality of COVID-19 is related to poor antigen presentation and lymphopenia. In this present study, domain search results showed that many proteins of the SARS-COV-2 virus had MHC-like domains, which were similar to decoys for the human immune system. MHC-like structures could bind to MHC receptors of immune cells, interfering with antigen presentation. Then the oxygen-free radicals generated by E protein destroyed immune cells after MHC-like of S protein could bind to them. Mutations in the MHC-like region of the viral proteins such as S promoted weaker immune resistance and more robust transmission. S 127-194 were the primary reason for the robust transmission of delta variants. The S 144-162 regulated the formation of S trimer. The mutations of RdRP: G671S and N: D63G of delta variant caused high viral load. S 62-80 of alpha, beta, lambda variants were the important factor for fast-spreading. S 616-676 and 1014-1114 were causes of high mortality for gamma variants infections. These sites were in the MHC-like structure regions.

The SARS-CoV-2 S protein on the membrane of infected cells can promote receptor-dependent syncytia formation, relating to extensive tissue damage and lymphocyte elimination. In this case, it is challenging to obtain neutralizing antibodies and prevent them through antibodies effectively. Considering that, in the current study, structural domain search methods are adopted to analyze the SARS-CoV-2 S protein to find the fusion mechanism. The results show that after the EF-hand domain of S protein bound to calcium ions, S2 protein had CaMKII protein activities. Besides, the CaMKII_AD domain of S2 changed S2 conformation, facilitating the formation of HR1-HR2 six-helix bundles. Apart from that, the Ca2+-ATPase of S2 pumped calcium ions from the virus cytoplasm to help membrane fusion, while motor structures of S drove the CaATP_NAI and CaMKII_AD domains to extend to the outside and combined the viral membrane and the cell membrane, thus forming a calcium bridge. Furthermore, the phospholipid-flipping-ATPase released water, triggering lipid mixing and fusion and generating fusion pores. Then, motor structures promoted fusion pore extension, followed by the cytoplasmic contents of the virus being discharged into the cell cytoplasm. After that, the membrane of the virus slid onto the cell membrane along the flowing membrane on the gap of the three CaATP_NAI. At last, the HR1-HR2 hexamer would fall into the cytoplasm or stay on the cell membrane. Therefore, the CaMKII_like system of S protein facilitated membrane fusion for further inducing syncytial multinucleated giant cells.

COVID-19 is a unique disease characterized by extensive pulmonary thrombosis and infected syncytial multinucleated giant cells, relating to extensive tissue damage. The SARS-CoV-2 S protein on the membrane of infected cells can initiate receptor-dependent syncytia formation. To study the membrane fusion on S protein, we adopted structural domain search methods to analyze the structural and non-structural proteins of the SARS-COV-2 virus in this study. The results showed that the surface glycoprotein (S) had conserved domains of CaMKII: CaMKII_AD, CaATP_NAI, DUF4440, EF-hand, Protein kinase, and SnoaL-like. Comparing to SARS-COV and MERS, only the CaATP_NAI of SARS-COV-2 is in the contact position of the viral membrane and cell membrane. We believed that when the EF-hand domain (“YEQYIKWPWYIWLGF”) of S protein bound to calcium ions, S2 protein had CaMKII protein activities. After the S protein fusion peptide was inserted into the infected cell membrane and fixed the S2 protein on the cell membrane, the CaMKII_AD prompted the S2 protein to form HR1-HR2 six-helix bundles. The HR1-HR2 hexamer had three CaATP_NAI domains (“APAICHDGKAHFPRE”) near the viral membrane (contact position), the CaATPase activated by magnesium ions, and released energy through ATP phosphorylation. The CaATPase drove the HR1-HR2 hexamer fold irreversibly toward the viral membrane. Then the CaATP_NAI and CaMKII_AD domains extended to the outside and combined the viral membrane and the cell membrane so that the contact position formed a thin barrel structure. The hydrated calcium ions are gathered in the barrel structure to create a calcium bridge. The release action of water in contact position caused the instability of the double membrane, triggering lipid mixing and fusion of the membrane. CaATPases disassembled the barrel structure, and HR1-HR2 hexamer is fell into the cytoplasm. The viral membrane fused with the cell membrane on a large scale. The cytoplasmic contents of the virus mixed with the cell. The S protein of the infected cell may bind to the ACE2 receptor of another cell (or also an infected cell) and then achieved membrane fusion through a similar principle, forming cell syncytia, includes syncytial multinucleated giant cells. The membrane fusion could disrupt the calcium homeostasis in human body, and increased the risk of coagulation and vascular calcification.

Patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia usually suffer from bacterial and fungal infections, and the drug resistance problem caused by the pandemic is becoming more and more serious. Simultaneously, the SARS-COV-2 virus has a rapid mutation phenomenon, and somegene coding regions by mutation and recombination may be related to the drug resistance of the virus. Therefore, studying the relationship between the co-infection of bacteria and fungi and the evolution of SARS-COV-2 has important guiding significance for preventing a pandemic. We found that the SARS-COV-2 virus's nsp3 protein had a CRISPR/Cas 9 (II-B)-like function by searching for conserved domains. The system could target and edit the negative-strand RNA of SARS-COV-2. We speculated that the crRNA (CRISPR RNA) produced by the CRISPR/Cas system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa carried the genetic information of the conserved domains of bacteriophages and Pseudomonas, including drug resistance. After the phage lysed the Pseudomonas, the crRNA was released and attached to the fungal spores, and then invaded the patient's cells along with the spores or hyphae. nsp3 synthesized and assembled 4Fe-4S, iron-containing molecules bound to the cas4 domain, in the mitochondria of phagocytes. The iron came from hemoglobin attacked by the SARS-COV-2 virus protein. The nsp3 protein bound the crRNA in the phagocytic cytoplasm. It targeted the negative-strand RNA of SARS-COV-2, inserting conserved domain gene fragments into the negative-strand RNA through editing and splicing. Since the Cas protein had no codon checking function, the cutting and splicing would destroy the protein-coding information in the original RNA coding region, causing mutation and recombination of the SARS-COV-2 virus genome. If crRNA carried the drug resistance gene fragments of bacteria or phage, SARS-COV-2 would have similar drug resistance. Because of the growing problem of drug resistance in COVID-19 patients, we should pay attention to preventing fungi and bacteria co-infection. Avoid the CRISPR/Cas-like system of the novel coronavirus to cause rapid mutation and recombination and increased the drug resistance problem of SARS-COV-2.

Studies have reveal that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can break through the blood-brain/testi barrier and invade the human reproductive system, causing infertility or complications in patients. Excessive nitric oxide (NO) is a fundamental reason for breaking the Blood-Brain/Testi Barrier. Nitric oxide often relates the spread or replication of many viruses in the body. The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) that synthesizes NO in the human by binding heme to complete the oxygenase reaction. This study focused on the relationship between heme, NO, and the novel coronavirus using bioinformatics methods such as domain search and molecular docking. The results showed ORF8 had three domains similar to nitric oxide synthase : oxygenase, reductase, and calmodulin (CaM). ORF6 could bind to these three domains. The dimer of ORF8 was identical to the dimer of NOS enzyme. The oxygenase domain was in the core, and the reductase domain was on both sides. ORF8 could capture Heme, H4B, L-arginine, FAD, FMN, and NADPH, and bind with CaM protein to catalyze NO production. The heme bound by ORF8 mainly came from the attacked hemoglobin. ORF8 also attached to E protein and synthesized NO through the heme hunted by E protein. We believed NO synthesized by ORF8 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 from reinfecting infected cells and controlled the virus replication speed to avoid cell collapse because of exhaustion of resources. After the SARS-CoV-2 virus combined with an extensive ORF8, the produced NO stream permeably expanded blood vessels and broke the blood-brain/testi barrier. The SARS-CoV-2 virus spread to nearby tissues through small blood vessel holes created by NO stream. It would increase the tendency to bleed and the blood clotting of the tissue: blood clotting and viral infections severely damaged organs such as the respiratory, heart, nerve, reproductive. Short NO could not open vascular permeability dilation, causing high viral load in asymptomatic patients' blood. Excessive NO stimulated the reproductive organs and generated abnormal functions. It also made abnormal hormone regulation, such as excessive secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH). Much LH would hurt the reproductive organs, leading to infertility. Extreme NO also interfered with the human NO signaling pathway and damaged the immune nerve, metabolism, cardiovascular and other systems. This theory is for academic discussion only. We hope that this discovery will help block the virus’s transmission through the human circulatory system and help reproductive health management during the pandemic.

In recent years discrepancies have emerged in measurements of the present-day rate of expansion of the universe $H_0$ and in estimates of the clustering of matter $S_8$. Using the most recent cosmological observations we reexamine a novel model proposed to address these tensions, in which cold dark matter disintegrates into dark radiation. The disintegration process is controlled by its rate $Q = ��\mathcal{H} ��_{\rm ddm}$, where $��$ is a (constant) dimensionless parameter quantifying the strength of the disintegration mechanism and $\mathcal{H}$ is the conformal Hubble rate in the spatially flat Friedmann-Lema��tre-Robertson-Walker universe and $��_{\rm ddm}$ is the energy density of the disintegrating cold dark matter. We constrain this model with the latest 2018 Planck temperature and polarization data, showing that there is no evidence for $��\neq 0$ and that it cannot solve the $H_0$ tension below $3��$, clashing with the result obtained by analyzing the Planck 2015 temperature data. We also investigate two possible extensions of the model in which the dark energy equation-of-state parameter $w \neq -1$. In this case it is possible to combine Planck data with the SH0ES measurement, and we demonstrate that in both these models the $H_0$ tension is resolved at the $1��$ level, but the condition $w \neq -1$ exacerbates the $S_8$ tension. We also demonstrate that the addition of intermediate-redshift data (from the Pantheon supernova type Ia dataset and baryon acoustic oscillations) weakens the effectiveness of all these models to address the $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions., 12 pages, 4 tables and 6 figures; version accepted for publication by JCAP

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have excellent magnetic-temperature characteristic. However, current temperature measurement based on MNPs is interfered by concentration. Utilizing the electron spin resonance (ESR), we propose a highly sensitive temperature measurement method without concentration coupling. The anisotropic field is affected by temperature, thus affecting the g-value. The influence of the MNP concentration, size, and the data analysis method on temperature estimation are studied. The optimal temperature sensitivity is achieved with 15-nm MNPs while Gaussian smoothing method allows an optimal accuracy at Fe concentration of 5 mg/ml with a root mean squared error of 0.07 K.

The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is an infectious acute respiratory caused by the novel coronavirus. The virus is the positive-strand RNA one with high homology to bat coronavirus. The pathogenic mechanism of the new coronavirus is still unclear, which is a significant obstacle to the development of drugs and patients' rescue. In this study, conserved domain analysis, homology modeling, and molecular docking were made to compare the biological roles of specific proteins belonging to the novel coronavirus. The conserved domain analysis showed envelope protein (E), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N) and ORF3a had heme linked sites, which Arg134 of ORF3a, Cys44 of E, Ile304 of N were the heme-iron linked site, respectively. ORF3a also possessed the conserved domains of human cytochrome C reductases and bacterial EFeB protein. These three domains were highly overlapping so that ORF3a could dissociate the iron of heme to form porphyrin. Heme linked sites of E protein may be relevant to the high infectivity, and the role of heme linked sites of N protein may be related to the virus replication. The docking results showed that orf1ab, ORF10, and ORF3a proteins coordinated to attack the 1-beta chain of hemoglobin, and some structural and non-structural viral proteins could bind porphyrin. Deoxyhemoglobin was more vulnerable to virus attacks than oxidized hemoglobin. But ORF3a was specific and would not attack blue blood protein, normal cytochrome C, and peroxidase. As for the attack, it would cause increasingly less hemoglobin that could carry oxygen and carbon dioxide, thus producing symptoms of respiratory distress and coagulation reaction, damaging many organs and tissues. The mechanism also interfered with the normal heme anabolic pathway of the human body, expecting to cause human diseases. Based on the small molecule drug library, drugbank, we searched for drugs bound to viral proteins by molecular docking. The results showed that some anticancer drugs could attach to the heme-iron linked site of ORF3a and N. Remdesivir was relatively more obvious than Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine in terms of the binding capacity of ORF3a, but the combined role of three drugs to ORF3a was lower. Unfortunately, no drug could bind to the heme-iron linked site of E. Besides, these higher binding energies may prevent all screened drugs from binding firmly to viral proteins. Since there were no clinical data, so inhibitory effects on ORF3a and N were still unclear. This theory is only for academic discussion and needed to be verified by other experiments. Please consult a qualified doctor for treatment details. Due to the toxicity and side effects of drugs, do not use medicines yourself. We expect these discoveries to bring more ideas to people to relieve patients' symptoms and save more lives.

Background The fat-tailed sheep is raised largely in China and other countries due to its high adaptability to nutritionally challenging environments and disease resistance as well as fat deposition in tails. So the purpose of the study is to explore the expression pattern and regulation mechanism of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) in liver and adipose tissues of fat-tailed sheep bases on its role in fat metabolism and deposition with sheep grown and development. Methods Two representative Chinese fat-tailed sheep breeds i.e. Guangling Large Tailed (GLT) and Small Tailed Han (STH) were employed to evaluate the ontogenetic expressions of SREBF1 and SREBF2 from seven different adipose tissues and liver at 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 month by real-time PCR. Five serum indicators were detected, and the function speculation of SREBP1 and SREBP2 were evaluated by bioinformatics approaches. Results Serum indicators, especially total cholesterol TC and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) showed obvious differences and dynamical changes with the different development ages, gender factors only had a significant effect on serum NEFA concentrations. Both SREBF1 and SREBF2 mRNA expression in sheep were significantly affected by breed, tissue, age factors, and show a significant positive correlation (r = 0.286). Merely the expression of SREBF1 gene in STH is significantly higher than that in GLT, but SREBF2 gene expression is opposite. The expressions of SREBF1/2 in liver are extremely higher than that in seven adipose tissues, the interaction of two factors between breed and month age, breed and tissue, and tissue and gender also significantly affects its expression. Subcellular locations and function prediction imply that SREBP1/2 expressions are closely related with metabolism processes in cells. Conclusions The mRNA expression profiling of SREBF1 and SREBF2 showing a breed-specific, gender-specific, and temporal and spatial expressions differences, which imply that SREBF1/2 play a crucial role in lipid metabolism regulation during growth and development of two fat-tailed sheep. This study provides a phenotypic basis for further revealing the genetic mechanism in lipid metabolism and fat deposition that causes differences in ovine tail types, which also provides a novel insight for improving quality of meat.

The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is an infectious acute respiratory infection caused by the novel coronavirus. The virus is a positive-strand RNA virus with high homology to bat coronavirus. Due to the limits of the existing experimental tools, many protein roles of novel coronavirus including ORF8 are still unclear. Therefore, in the current scene of an emergency epidemic, it is of high scientific significance to predict the biological role of viral proteins through bioinformatics methods. In this study, conserved domain analysis, homology modeling, and molecular docking were used to compare the biological roles of certain proteins of the novel coronavirus. The results showed the ORF8 and surface glycoprotein could bind to the porphyrin, respectively, while orf1ab, ORF10 and ORF3a proteins could coordinately attack heme to dissociate the iron to form the porphyrin. The mechanism seriously interfered with the normal heme anabolic pathway of the human body, being expected to result in human disease. According to the validation analysis of these finds, Chloroquine could prevent orf1ab, ORF3a and ORF10 to attack the heme to form the porphyrin, and inhibit the binding of ORF8 and surface glycoproteins to porphyrins to a certain extent. Therefore, this research is of high value to contemporary biological experiments, disease prevention and clinical treatment.

Fruit classification contributes to improving the self-checkout and packaging systems in supermarkets. The convolutional neural networks can automatically extract features through directly processing the original images, which has thus attracted wide attention from researchers in terms of fruit classification. However, it is difficult to achieve more accurate recognition due to the complexity of category similarity. In this study, the Alexnet, ResNet, and Inception networks were integrated to construct a deep convolutional neural network named Interfruit, which was then utilized in identifying various types of fruit images. Afterwards, a fruit dataset involving 40 categories was also constructed to train the network model and to assessits performance. According to the evaluation results, the overall accuracy of Interfruit reached 92.74% in the test set, which was superior to several state-of-the-art methods. To sum up, findings in this study indicate that the classification system Interfruitr ecognizes fruits with high accuracy and has a broad application prospect. All data sets and codes used in this study are available at https://pan.baidu.com/s/19LywxsGuMC9laDiou03fxg , code: 35d3.

BackgroundDNA N6-methyladenine (6mA) is a kind of epigenetic modification in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which involves multiple biological processes, such as gene regulation and tumorigenesis. Identifying 6mA contributes to understand its regulatory role. Therefore, to satisfy the needs of large-scale preliminary screening, it is necessary to develop the high-quality computational models for the rapid identification of 6mA sites. However, the existing calculation approaches are mostly specific to rice, and they have not been extensively applied to human genome.ResultsThis study proposed a classification method of deep learning based on the memory mechanism named SICD6mA. In addition, the large benchmark datasets were constructed for human and rice, respectively, which integrated the recently reported 6mA sites. According to the evaluation results, SICD6mA displayed favorable robustness during cross-validations, which achieved the area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.9824 and 0.9903 for Human and Rice’s genomes in independent test evaluations, separately.ConclusionsThe successful prediction rate of 6mA sites on cross-species genomes exhibited higher accuracy than that of the state-of-the-art methods. For the convenience of experimental scientists, the user-friendly tool SICD6mA was developed to predict the cross-species 6mA sites, thereby accelerating and facilitating future cross-species genome research.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) recurrence remains a significant public health concern. The study aimed to assess H. pylori reinfection rate and identify its risk factors in China. This prospective open cohort, observational study was performed at 18 hospitals across 15 provinces in China. Consecutive patients who received the successful initial eradication during 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2018 were eligible for enrolment. H. pylori recurrence was defined as reinfection that occurred at more than the 12-month interval after successful initial eradication. Surveyed risk factors that might be associated with reinfection were preliminarily estimated by log-rank test and further determined by Cox regression model to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 5193 subjects enrolled in the study. The follow-up intervals varied from 6 to 84 months with a general follow-up rate of 67.9%. Annual reinfection rate was 1.5% (95% CI: 1.2–1.8) per person-year. H. pylori reinfection was independently associated with the following five risk factors: minority groups (HR = 4.7, 95% CI: 1.6–13.9), the education at lower levels (HR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.6), a family history of gastric cancer (HR = 9.9, 95% CI: 6.6–14.7), and the residence located in Western China (HR = 5.5, 95% CI: 2.6–11.5) following by in Central China (HR = 4.9, 95% CI: 3–8.1) (all P < 0.05). Reinfection rate of H. pylori in China is relatively low. Patients with specific properties of ethnic groups, education level, family history, or residence location appear to be at higher risk for reinfection.

With the development of our country's economy and society, the level of science and technology is constantly improving, and the construction industry is also booming. The construction technology has greatly affected the quality of civil engineering. Due to the rapid development of social economy, people's economic level and living standards have greatly improved. Therefore, people's requirements for the quality of civil engineering are getting higher and higher. Therefore, the construction company must continuously improve and innovate the civil engineering construction technology, and improve the quality of the construction project to meet the social needs.

In this report, we study the relaxation measurement using optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) to detect cells that are coated with superparamagnetic nanoparticles. The emerging technology of ODMR represents a new detection method for magnetic relaxometry has reached sensitivity comparable to that of SQUIDs and without requiring cryogenics.

We study the cosmology of a quintessence scalar field which is equivalent to a non-barotropic perfect fluid of constant pressure. The coincidence problem is alleviated by such a quintessence equation-of-state that interpolates between plateau of zero at large redshifts and plateau of minus one as the redshift approaches to zero. The quintessence field is neither a unified dark matter nor a mixture of cosmological constant and cold dark matter, because the quintessence density contrasts decay monotonously on sub-horizon scales and the squared sound speeds of quintessence perturbations do not vanish. What a role does the quintessence play is dynamic dark energy. Though the clustering of quintessence decays drastically, it could remarkably impact the growth rate of the density perturbations of non-relativistic matters at early stage., Comment: LaTeX file with 8 eps figures, References added and some errors amended

Polyoxypropylene glycol (PPG) (or castor oil) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) were mixed, and the prepolymer polyurethane (PU) (I) was formed. Vinyl-terminated polyurethane (II) was prepared from (I), and hydroxyethyl acrylate, AB crosslinked polymers (ABCPs) were synthesized from (II) and vinyl monomers such as styrene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, etc. The dynamic mechanical properties and morphology of ABCPs were measured. The ABCPs based on PPG have double glass transition temperatures (Tg) on the tan δ vs. temperature curves. They display a two-phase morphology with plastic components forming the continuous phase and PU-rich domains forming the separated phase on the electron micrographs. Irregular shapes and a highly polydisperse distribution of PU-rich domain sizes were observed. The crosslink density of ABCPs has a notable effect on the morphology and properties. The average diameter of the PU-rich domains depends on the molecular weight of prepolymer PPG. The highly crosslinked structures will produce large numbers of very small domains. ABCPs based on castor oil show a single Tg relaxation on the dynamic mechanical spectra. The compatibility between the two components is much better in ABCPs based on castor oil than in those based on PPG, because there is a high crosslink density in the former. Comparison of the dynamic mechanical spectra of ABCP and interpenetrating networks (IPN) based on castor oil with similar crosslink density and composition imply that the two components in ABCP are compatible whereas microphase separation occurs in IPN. An improvement in the compatibility is achieved by the crosslinking between the two networks.

Mutation in the EGFP domain of LDL receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6(R611C)) is associated with hypercholesterolemia and early-onset atherosclerosis, but the mechanism by which it causes disease is not known. Cholesterol uptake was examined in cells from LRP6(+/-) mice and LRP6(R611C) mutation carriers. Splenic B cells of LRP6(+/-) mice have significantly lower LRP6 expression and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake than those of the wild-type littermates. Although similar levels of total LRP6 were found in lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs) of LRP6(R611C) mutation carriers and those of the unaffected family member, LDL uptake was significantly lower in the mutant cells. Mutant and wild-type receptors show similar affinities for apolipoprotein B at neutral pH. LRP6 colocalized with LDL and was coimmunoprecipitated with NPC1 (Niemann-Pick disease type C1), an endocytic regulator of LDL trafficking. However, the cellular localization of LRP6 in the mutant cells shifted from cell surface to late endosomes/lysosomes. Plasma membrane expression levels of LRP6(R611C) was lower compared to wild-type receptor and declined to a greater extent in LDL-rich medium. Further examinations revealed lower efficacy of apolipoprotein B dissociation from LRP6(R611C) compared to wild-type receptor at an acidic pH. These studies identify LRP6 as a receptor for LDL endocytosis and imply that R611C mutation results in reduced LRP6 membrane expression and decreased LDL clearance. Based on our findings, we conclude that the increased affinity of the mutant receptor for LDL in acidic pH leads to their impaired dissociation in late endosomes, which compromises their recycling to the plasma membrane.

A study of minimum mutual information, which is treated as a criterion for the realizability of sensor-based systems, is presented. A model of mutual information transfer for gamma ray transmission measurement is established. Study of the mutual information obtained in the coalmine classification system shows that the system can be physically realized in an Automated Coal and Gangue Separator. Industry experiments support this conclusion. However, the system is not realizable in a copper ore classification system, because the mutual information obtained in that system is lower than the lower limit of the sensor channel. The use of more intensive radiation sources with specific parameters is suggested to solve this problem.

Solid particles will be charged when they are pneumatically conveyed in a pipe. The charged particles then cause the generation of electrostatic charges on the surface of a ring probe, which is a section of the transportation pipe and serves as a solid particle flow sensor. A series of experiments were carried out to study the characteristics of the ring probe. The experimental results show that the ring probe features as a low pass filter (LPF) to the particle flow fluctuation, and the cutoff frequency of the LPF increases with the reduction of the slenderness ratio of the ring probe. The paper also discusses about the relationship between the sensitivity and the slenderness ratio of the ring probe. The recommended slenderness ratio of the ring probe ranges from 0.3 to 3.

In this paper, a significant effect producing systematic errors in the on-line measurement using gamma-ray transmission is revealed. Ash content fluctuations or thickness changes lead to a permanent negative systematic error in the results of the measurements. To study uncertainties in the measurements applicable to time-independent ash content indicators and to investigate the characteristics of the radiation attenuation process, the behavior of the quantity in question is modeled with a stationary Gaussian distribution. A systematic error-producing effect has been found, and a quantitative correction is given to compensate for it. For some other quantities in question that vary in time, a linear model is used to discuss the systematic errors in the case of automated coal gangue separator. Results of experiments that demonstrate different systematic errors for different sampling intervals are presented. The reason for these errors is the nonlinearity of the relationship between the radiation intensity, on the one hand, and the sample thickness and mass attention, on the other.

Complete healing of full-thickness tracheal mucosal wounds of different sizes was studied in three groups of dogs. No stricture was observed when the mucosal wounds were less than 20×15 mm. Obvious stricture, however, occurred when the wounds were 20×25 mm. Normal epithelium regenerated on the wounded areas in all of the three groups within seven weeks.

To a great extent, experiment selection of temporary plugging particles(TPP) in the temporary plugging techniques (TFT) is blind at present. Based on the investigation of particle migration, deposition and plugging mechanism in the porous media, network model, the inter-connected pore and throat network on the basis of reservoir pore structure, is applied to the optimization of TPP in the TPT. It is shown that the result of simulation has a good agreement with that of core flooding experiment and can be used to guide the study of core flooding experiments. The main advantages of this method are: 1. the model can be repeatedly used many times and can be used in the simulations of various purposes and aspects; 2. the results are highly comparable by the simulation while much less by the core flooding experiments.

Background: Although treatment of Crohn's disease has improved with development of tumour necrosis factor antagonists, fewer than 50% of patients have sustained benefit. Durable maintenance therapy with orally administered alternative treatments remains an unmet need. We aimed to evaluate the effects of ozanimod, an oral agent selectively targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtypes 1 and 5, on endoscopic disease activity in Crohn's disease. Methods: STEPSTONE was a phase 2, uncontrolled, multicentre trial in adults with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease recruited at 28 hospital and community research centres in Canada, the USA, Hungary, Poland, and Ukraine. All patients began treatment with a 7-day dose escalation (4 days on ozanimod 0·25 mg daily followed by 3 days at 0·5 mg daily). Patients then received ozanimod 1·0 mg oral capsule daily for a further 11 weeks, for a 12-week induction period, followed by a 100-week extension. The primary endpoint was change in Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES-CD) from baseline to week 12, as determined by a blinded central reader. Data are reported for the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02531113 and EudraCT, number 2015–002025–19, and is completed. Findings: 69 patients were enrolled between Nov 17, 2015, and Aug 18, 2016. At week 12, the mean change from baseline in SES-CD was −2·2 (SD 6·0); 16 (23·2%, 95% CI 13·9–34·9) patients experienced endoscopic response. A reduction from baseline in Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) score also was observed (mean change −130·4 [SD 103·9]). Clinical remission (CDAI