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Background: Patients who experienced an ischemic stroke are at risk for cognitive impairment. Quantified Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® has been used to treat cognitive dysfunction, functional impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and dementia.Objectives: To assess the cognitive-related effects of EGb 761® treatment in patients after acute ischemic stroke, as well as the feasibility of patient selection and outcome measures.Methods: We conducted a randomized, multicentric, open-label trial at 7 centers in China. Patients scoring 20 or lower on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale were enrolled between 7 and 14 days after stroke onset and randomly assigned to receive 240 mg per day of EGb 761® or no additional therapy for 24 weeks in a 1:1 ratio. Both groups received standard treatments for the prevention of recurrent stroke during the trial. General cognitive function and a battery of cognitive tests for sub-domains were evaluated at 24 weeks. All patients were monitored for adverse events.Results: 201 patients ≥50 years old were included, with 100 assigned to the EGb 761® group and 101 to the reference group. The mean change from baseline on the global cognitive function as assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score was 2.92 in the EGb 761® group and 1.33 in the reference group (between-group difference: 1.59 points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51 to 2.67; p < 0.005). For cognitive domains, EGb 761® showed greater effects on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test Total Recall (EGb 761® change 1.40 vs. reference −0.49) and Form 1 of the Shape Trail Test (EGb 761® change −38.2 vs. reference −15.6). Potentially EGb 761®-related adverse events occurred in no more than 3% of patients.Conclusion: Over the 24-week period, EGb 761® treatment improved overall cognitive performance among patients with mild to moderate ischemic stroke. Our findings provide valuable recommendations for the design of future trials, including the criteria for patient selection.Clinical Trial Registration:www.isrctn.com, identifier ISRCTN11815543.

There are more than ninety percent female factory employees at RMG plants. That more women than males work in Bangladesh's factories is a reflection of a societal trend there. In addition, over 70% of all women working in the manufacturing sector in the nation are engaged in this sector. Perhaps this is because of the widespread belief that women are better suited to jobs requiring manual dexterity. (Bhattacharya and Rahman 2000).Women from rural parts of Bangladesh often go to the cities in search of employment, and many of them end up working in the garment industry because of the better pay compared to other industries. This has helped the economy since the garment sector has provided employment for tens of thousands of women and produced substantial revenue for the nation via exports. Independent migration among young women in Bangladesh increased throughout the 1980s, as RMG factories proliferated across the country's major cities. Women are generally the only breadwinners in their families, and With they may start their own business and make their own money and powerful while also furthering their education and career prospects. This creates an opportunity for female to get employed and therefore they can contribute in Bangladesh economy. A large majority of garment factory employees are migrants from rural regions, and recent estimates have the percentage of women working in the lowest-paying roles in the sector at at 90%. This shows that the garment industry is a significant provider of economic security and stability for women and migrant workers.(Afsar 2000). Most of the business theory defines employee’s empowerment as the strategy of the business success in terms of factory productivity. Empowerment is not necessary only delegating authority ship of the workers in the workplace especially for the female garment worker (Bhattacharya and Rahman 2000). That is why; this research paper has defined the definition of women’s empowerment and its process at first and then to find out the similarity with the workforce empowerment. The primary study's overarching goal is to determine whether or not women's economic and educational advancement leads to enhanced standard of living and overall happiness. In order to facilitate first-hand information gathering, the availability of movement, time constraint as well as the acceptance this research has been basically done in Mirpur 12 where there are many garments factory located and a huge number of female garment workers are also living. To collect primary data 150 interviews among female garment workers from Mirpur 12 have been conducted. The questionnaire includes both open-ended and closed-ended questions to ensure that survey participants can provide both quantitative and qualitative data. Primary data has been collected through questionnaire and interview. The responses from the respondents has been compared to secondary sources. To measure the hypotheses, Z test has been used. The study showed that 42% of the female garment workers have no formal education while 37% of the female garment workers were found to get primary education during the survey. Low education is a big problem for female garment workers to improve their working life. Average length of service of the female workers has been estimated at only 3.7 years. Findings show that 46 (31%) numbers of workers lengths of service is below 3, 59 (39%) workers of them in between 3-6 years and the 45 (30%) number of them are working in the garment factory over 6 years. 76% of participants reported that, this is the first job for them. Women from rural areas are being migrated and getting engaged in the garment factory. They do not have sufficient education, training, skill to do this type of job.

BackgroundPost-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) plagues 20–80% of stroke survivors worldwide. There is a lack of an easy and effective scoring tool to predict the risk of PSCI in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients. We aimed to develop a risk prediction model incorporating red blood cell (RBC) indices to identify ICH populations at risk of PSCI.MethodsPatients diagnosed with ICH at the stroke center were consecutively enrolled in the study as part of the development cohort from July 2017 to December 2018, and of the validation cohort from July 2019 to February 2020. Univariable and multivariable analyses were applied in the development cohort to screen the patients for PSCI risk factors. Then, a nomogram based on RBC indices and other risk factors was developed and validated to evaluate its performance in predicting PSCI occurrence.ResultsA total of 123 patients were enrolled in the development cohort, of which 69 (56.1%) were identified as PSCI, while 38 (63.3%) of 60 patients in the validation cohort were identified as PSCI. According to the multivariate analysis, seven independent risk factors, including three RBC indices (hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, RBC distribution width), as well as age, education level, hematoma volume, and dominant-hemisphere hemorrhage were incorporated into the model. The nomogram incorporating RBC indices displayed good discrimination and calibration. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.940 for the development cohort and 0.914 for the validation cohort. Decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve showed that the nomogram was clinically useful.ConclusionRBC indices are independent and important predictors of PSCI. A nomogram incorporating RBC indices can be used as a reasonable and reliable graphic tool to help clinicians identify high cognition impairment-risk patients and adjust individualized therapy.

Background and purposeThe gut-brain axis is bidirectional and the imbalance of the gut microbiota usually coexists with brain diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Accumulating evidence indicates that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a core lesion in AD and persistent ER stress promotes AD pathology and impairs cognition. However, whether the imbalance of the gut microbiota is involved in triggering the ER stress in the brain remains unknown.Materials and methodsIn the present study, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed with gut microbiota from AD patients and APP/PS1 mice, respectively, resulting in two mouse models with dysregulated gut microbiota. The ER stress marker protein levels in the cerebral cortex were assessed using western blotting. The composition of the gut microbiota was assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing.ResultsExcessive ER stress was induced in the cerebral cortex of mice after FMT. Elevated ER stress marker proteins (p-perk/perk, p-eIF2α/eIF2α) were observed, which were rescued by 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB). Notably, DMB is a compound that significantly attenuates serum trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of the gut microbiota widely reported to affect cognition.ConclusionThe findings indicate that imbalance of the gut microbiota induces ER stress in the cerebral cortex, which may be mediated by TMAO.

Chinese sprangletop [Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees] is one grass weed severely affecting rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth in paddies in China. Cyhalofop-butyl is the main herbicide used to control grass weeds in Chinese paddy fields, especially for controlling L. chinensis; however, L. chinensis has evolved resistance to cyhalofop-butyl due to continuous and extensive application. To investigate cyhalofop-butyl resistance levels and mechanisms in L. chinensis in some of the Chinese rice areas, 66 field populations were collected and treated with cyhalofop-butyl. Of these tested populations, 10 showed a high level of resistance to cyhalofop-butyl; the 50% effective dose ranged within 108.4 to 1,443.5 g ai ha−1 with resistance index values of 9.1 to 121.8 when compared with the susceptible population. Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase genes (ACCase) of susceptible and all 10 resistant populations were amplified and sequenced. Among them, Ile-1781-Leu, Trp-2027-Cys, Trp-2027-Ser, and Ile-2041-Asn mutations were found in five resistant populations. No known resistance-related mutations were found in the other five resistant populations, indicating that resistance to cyhalofop-butyl in these populations was likely to be endowed by non–target site resistance mechanisms. Notably, the Ile-1781-Leu and Trp-2027-Cys substitutions have previously been reported, but this is the first report of Trp-2027-Ser and Ile-2041-Asn mutations in L. chinensis. Furthermore, three derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence methods were developed to rapidly detect these mutations in L. chinensis.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Additional file 2. Variables and measures in quantitative study.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-6-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-4-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-4-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Additional file 4. Suggestions for nPEP service in qualitative study.

Additional file 3. Univariate analyses of the two outcome variables and sex-specific analyses.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-5-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-6-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Additional file 1. Survey questionnaire.

Colorectal cancer occurs throughout the world but is most common in developed countries. Cancer progression is believed to be driven by genetic mutations in this complex condition. Risk factors for developing colorectal cancer include a genetic family history, long-term ulcerative colitis, and colonic polyps. The use of baicalin has been reported to be clinically efficacious against colon tumors in Asian countries despite an unclear mechanism of action. Several cancers have been found to be biologically dependent on the specificity protein 1 (sp1) transcription factor family. We hypothesized that baicalin may exert its chemotherapeutic effects by sp1 downregulation. Using the SW480 human colorectal cancer cell line, we investigated the physiological properties of baicalin. Our experiments were designed toward clarifying three goals: (a) to determine the mRNA expression profile of transcription factors in colorectal cancer patients using a microarray-based analysis; (b) to determine the effects of baicalin on the sp1 transcription factor with western blotting and reporter cell assays; and (c) to contrast the effects of mithramycin-A (an sp1 transcription factor inhibitor) and baicalin using western blotting and reporter cell assays. Both baicalin and mithramycin-A downregulated sp1 expression, attenuated SW480 cell proliferation, and increased cell apoptosis. Baicalin inhibited sp1 expression and led to SW480 apoptosis, thus clarifying the effect of this traditional Chinese medicine compound in the treatment of colon cancer.

Additional file 5: Fig. S5. sEV miRNA expression profile. (A–C) sEVs were isolated from glutamate (15 μM), GABA (500 μM), or PBS-treated neurons, and the miRNA composition of sEVs was compared by miRNA-sequencing. (A) miRNA sequencing showed 41 upregulated miRNAs in GABA sEVs and 14 downregulated miRNAs in glutamate sEVs compared to Ctrl sEVs. 4 repeated miRNAs were identified in both groups. (B) There were 64 downregulated miRNAs in GABA sEVs and 47 upregulated miRNAs in glutamate sEVs compared with Ctrl sEVs. A total of 12 miRNAs overlapped in both groups. (C) An aggregate of 16 miRNAs (p < 0.05).

Additional file 7: Fig. S7. sEVs with inhibited or over-expressed miR-132 abrogated Glutamate/GABA sEVs induced alterations of apoptotic molecules and synapse-related proteins in APP/PS1 mice, respectively. (A) Cy3-labeled agomir-132 was loaded into sEVs and injected into mice. Twenty-four hours later, the brain slices showed overlapped Cy3-labeled agomir-132-loaded sEVs (red) and NeuN+-neurons (green). (B-O) The mice were injected with glutamate sEVs/Ctrl sEVs and agomir-132/agomir ctrl (B-H) and GABA sEVs/Ctrl sEVs and antagomir-132/antagomir ctrl (I-O)-loaded sEVs at every other day for seven consecutive injections. The expression of apoptotic molecules (cleaved Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2) and synapse-related proteins (Synapsin I, Synapsin I (phospho S9), postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95)) in the brain lysate of mice was examined by Western blot. n = 3. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, *p

Additional file 4: Fig. S4. Internalization of PKH-26 labeled sEVs by neurons in APP/PS1 mice. (A) sEVs were labeled with PKH26 (red) and injected via the tail vein in mice. Brain slices were harvested and subjected to the immunostaining of the neuron marker NeuN (green) and visualized. The control group mice were injected with PKH26 only without sEVs. n = 3.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. sEVs-depleted medium had no effect on the cell viability of Aβ-treated neurons. (A) Image of cultured primary cortical neurons on DIV 15. (B) Immunostaining of cortical cultures on DIV 15 for the detection of GFAP+ glial cells (red) vs. NeuN+ neurons (green). (C) The morphology of sEVs from glutamate or GABA-treated neurons was observed under a transmission electron microscope. Glutamate sEVs = sEVs derived from 10 μM glutamate-treated neurons, GABA sEVs = sEVs derived from 300 μM GABA-treated neurons. (D-F) Neurons were incubated with PBS (the same amount as the solvent of the sEVs), sEVs and sEV-depleted medium (Negative control, NC), then with Aβ as before. Neuronal viability in Ctrl-sEV-treated group (D), glutamate-sEV-treated group (E), GABA-sEV-treated group (F) and NC group were compared using CCK-8. n = 3. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, ***p

Additional file 3: Fig. S3. Function of sEVs from neurons treated by various concentrations of glutamate or GABA. (A) Primary neurons on DIV 15 were treated with a gradient concentration of Aβ1–42 for 48 h. Cell viability was measured using a CCK-8 assay. (B–I) sEVs were isolated from low concentrations of glutamate (5 μM)/GABA (100 μM), or high concentrations of glutamate (15 μM)/GABA (500 μM) and added to the culture media. Cell viability was measured using CCK-8 (D, E, H, I) and TUNEL assays (B, C, F, G). Glutamate5 sEVs = sEVs derived from 5 μM glutamate treated neurons, GABA100 sEVs = sEVs derived from 100 μM GABA-treated neurons, Glutamate15 sEVs = sEVs derived from 15 μM glutamate-treated neurons, GABA500 sEVs = sEVs derived from 500 μM GABA treated neurons, Ctrl sEVs = sEVs derived from PBS-treated neurons. n = 3. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, *p

Additional file 6: Fig. S6. sEVs with inhibited or over-expressed miR-132 abrogated Glutamate/GABA sEVs induced alterations of apoptotic molecules in Aβ treated neurons, respectively. (A, B) TUNEL- positive rate of neurons in Fig. 6C and D were calculated. (C–J) Neurons were cotreated with glutamate sEVs and miR-132 mimic-loaded sEVs (C, E–G) or GABA sEVs and miR-132 inhibitor-loaded sEVs (D, H–J). 24 h later, neurons were subjected to Aβ treatment for another 48 h. Then, the expression of apoptotic molecules (cleaved Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2). (K, L) The proportion of TUNEL-positive cells in brain slices in Fig. 6E and F was detected. n = 3. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, *p

Additional file 2: Fig. S2. Internalization of PKH26 labeled sEVs in primary cultured neurons. (A) sEVs were labeled with PKH26 (red) and added to primary neurons. A control group (only PKH26 without sEVs) was established to exclude false-positive staining caused by the dye. Then, the neurons were immunostained with βIII-tubulin (green) and visualized under a confocal microscope. PKH26 -labeled sEVs were indicated by white arrows. n = 3.

Background. Cerebral ischemic stroke is one of the severe diseases with a pathological condition that leads to nerve cell dysfunction with seldom available therapy options. Currently, there are few proven effective treatments available for improving cerebral ischemic stroke outcome. However, recently, there is increasing evidence that inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity exerts a strong protective effect in in vivo and vitro models of ischemic stroke. Review Summary. HDAC is a posttranslational modification that is negatively regulated by histone acetyltransferase (HATS) and histone deacetylase. Based on function and DNA sequence similarity, histone deacetylases (HDACs) are organized into four different subclasses (I-IV). Modifications of histones play a crucial role in cerebral ischemic affair development after translation by modulating disrupted acetylation homeostasis. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) mainly exert neuroprotective effects by enhancing histone and nonhistone acetylation levels and enhancing gene expression and protein modification functions. This article reviews HDAC and its inhibitors, hoping to find meaningful therapeutic targets. Conclusions. HDAC may be a new biological target for cerebral ischemic stroke. Future drug development targeting HDAC may make it a potentially effective anticerebral ischemic stroke drug.

为了探究核心企业在供应链中的重要作用,本文构建了以供应链核心企业领导力为自变量,企业质量绩效为因变量,供应链质量管理的三个维度——供应商质量管理、内部质量管理和顾客质量管理为中介变量的研究框架。以319家中国制造企业为调查对象,利用结构方程模型进行实证研究。研究发现供应链核心企业领导力与成员企业质量绩效的直接效应显著,且供应链核心企业领导力与质量绩效之间存在两条间接作用路径,即"供应链核心企业领导力—内部质量管理—质量绩效""供应链核心企业领导力—顾客质量管理—质量绩效",而供应商质量管理的中介作用不显著。 To explore the important role of focal enterprises in the supply chain,this paper uses the supply chain focal enterprise’s leadership as independent variable, enterprise quality performance as dependent variable,and three demensions of supply chain quality management( supplier quality management,internal quality management and customer quality management)as mediating variable to build the research framwork. With the data from a sample of 319 Chinese manufacturing enterprises,the structural equation model is used to carry out this empirical research. The results suggest that the focal enterprise’s leadership has a significant effect on member enterprise’s quality performance in supply chain,and there are two indirect paths between focal enterprise’s leadership and quality performance,that is: focal enterprise’s leadership —internal quality management — quality performance,focal enterprise’s leadership — customer quality management — quality performance, while the mediating role of supplier quality management is not significant.

Weeds present a serious problem in rice paddy fields and severely affect rice (Oryza sativa L.) quality and yield. Quintrione is a new herbicide developed for use in rice. It inhibits p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase and regulates hormone levels to control weeds. In 2014–2016, field plot trials were conducted to evaluate the control efficacies of quintrione at different application rates and times against barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv., climbing seedbox, Ludwigia prostrata Roxb., and sheathed monochoria, Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) C.Presl. Its phytotoxic effects on rice were compared with those of pretilachlor, penoxsulam and metamifop in Changsha, China. Quintrione, under the tested conditions, caused various levels of phytotoxicity in rice when applied 3 days after sowing (DAS) only. However, greater than 90% control efficacies against barnyardgrass were achieved by quintrione at 300 g a.i. ha−1 at 3 DAS, 450 g a.i. ha−1 at early post-emergence (EPOST) and 600 g a.i. ha−1 at early tillering (ET), against climbing seedbox at all the tested application rates and times, and against sheathed monochoria at 3 DAS only. Quintrione had a greater control efficacy against climbing seedbox and a similar efficacy against barnyardgrass compared with pretilachlor, penoxsulam and metamifop. Quintrione showed significantly greater, similar and lower efficacies against sheathed monochoria than metamifop, pretilachlor and penoxsulam, respectively. In addition, the rice yields after quintrione treatments were greater than, or similar to, those after pretilachlor, penoxsulam and metamifop treatments. Thus, quintrione appears to be an effective herbicide to control barnyardgrass and climbing seedbox in rice paddies when used at EPOST and ET stages.

One of the major obstacles to obtain stable atmospheric-pressure non-equilibrium air plasma source for long-term operation is the plasma instability, particularly the corona-to-spark transition, corona-to-glow transition and glow-to-arc/spark transition. Two or three mode transitions of air discharge at atmospheric pressure are observed in previous works [1]–[2], and while the transition boundary and the physical mechanism are not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study is to demonstrate all possible discharge modes in air and study on their characteristics and mode transitions.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the multiple paths of absorptive capacity's (AC) effect on business performance (BP): direct effect and indirect effects through innovation and mass customization (MC). Design/methodology/approach - The authors examined the role of innovation and MC capability on the relationship between AC and BP. Data from 278 Chinese firms in four manufacturing industries collected by questionnaire are used to empirically examine the proposed model by Structural equation modeling. Findings - The results show that AC can directly enhance BP, and indirectly through innovation and MC capability. The study also finds that MC capability has a stronger mediating effect than innovation. Originality/value - Prior studies have not yet built linkages between AC and BP with both innovation and MC's effects. This study provides empirical evidence of the effects of AC on BP and three paths are discussed including AC's direct effect and indirect effects through innovation and MC to firm's BP. This study provides a new direction for executives to better understand the movement of knowledge along supply chain and in intra-organizational environment, and of the importance of innovation and MC capability since they are essential carriers for BP enhancement.

In this paper, one kind of electromagnetic unit for space manipulator joint is put forward. Due to the application of space systems, small in size and light in weight is the basic requirement. The electromagnetic characteristic of high power density PMSM and three different kinds of electromagnetic brakes are analyzed at the same time. Firstly, optimization methods for PMSM motor using in robotic arm is given to us. In consideration of the reduction of the weight of motor, the electric-magnetic FEM, the stress FEM and the temperature FEM are adopted to be used at the same time. Then according to different exciting patterns, three kinds of electric brakes are listed. The advantages and disadvantages of these brakes are given in detail at the same time. At last, the magnetic field isolation technology in small space is studied.

Although many studies employ social network theory to explain firm innovation, how individual-level factors lead to a firm's collective innovation capability remains under-researched. Building on studies that use the work boundary to define formal and informal social interactions, this research aims to illuminate how informal buyer-supplier employee interactions influence buyer firms' innovation capabilities through knowledge acquisition. Integrating the literatures on absorptive capacity and social interaction, the analysis of survey data from 273 Chinese manufacturing firms suggests that employees' informal interactions are positively associated with knowledge acquisition and enhance firms' innovation capabilities. Furthermore, the indirect effects of informal interactions on innovation capability are moderated by knowledge application.

Sigma receptor is an endoplasmic reticulum protein and belongs to non-opioid receptor. Increasing evidence shows that Sigma receptor activation can significantly attenuate AD induced neurological dysfunction and the functional deficiency of Sigma receptor plays an important role in the Aβ induced neuronal loss. This study aimed to investigate the influence of extracellular accumulation of Aβ on the Sigma receptor expression. Our results showed the increase in extracellular Aβ had little influence on the mRNA expression of Sigma receptor, but gradually reduced its protein expression. Co-immunoprecipitation was employed to evaluate the interaction of Sigma receptor with other proteins. Results showed BIP could bind to Sigma receptor to affect the ubiquitination of Sigma receptor. Further investigation showed there was a NFAT binding site at the promoter of BIP. Then, Western blot assay was performed to detect NFAT expression. Results showed extracellular Aβ affected the nuclear translocation of NFAT and the CaN activity of NFAT also increased with the accumulation of extracellular Aβ. In this study, NFAT-BIP luciferase reporter gene system was constructed. Results showed NFAT was able to regulate the transcription of BIP. Thus, we speculate that extracellular Aβ accumulation may activate CaN/NFAT signaling pathway to induce chaperone BIP expression, which results in Sigma receptor ubiquitination and its degradation.

To discuss a best predictive score index in predicting death in patients with severe trauma, death warning score, and to provide a simple score for clinical use.The clinical data of 394 traumatic patients admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of Xi'nan Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, and Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College from January 2014 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into survival group (n = 330) and non-survival group (n = 64). The clinical data in two groups were recorded as following: gender, age; respiratory rate, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure at admission; the lowest values of serum creatinine (SCr), white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), hematocrit (Hct), respectively, within 24 hours after admission; acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) score, injury severity score (ISS) within 24 hours of final diagnosis; the performance of emergency operation or intubation within 24 hours; incidence of sepsis, and clinical outcomes. Each observed indicator was analyzed by univariate analysis, and factors leading to death were further analyzed by logistic regression. Risk factors of severe trauma patients were sorted, from which the meaningful indicators were included to calculate the warning score of death. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted to evaluate the predictive value of the warning score of death in severe trauma patients.Compared with the survival group, the age in non-survival group was older (years old: 51.50 ± 18.31 vs. 45.54 ± 14.70, t = -2.456, P = 0.016); SCr was increased (µmol/L: 94.18 ± 65.51 vs. 72.42 ± 28.22, t = -2.611, P = 0.011); APACHE II score (24.30 ± 6.23 vs. 16.38 ± 6.19, t = -9.353, P0.001) and SOFA score were higher (7.84 ± 3.68 vs. 4.43 ± 2.75, t = -7.049, P0.001); and the incidence of emergency intubation [79.7% (51/64) vs. 42.7% (141/330), χ² = 29.309, P0.001] and sepsis was also higher [48.4% (31/64) vs. 30.3% (100/330), χ² = 18.512, P0.001], but PLT count (X 10⁹/L: 112.75 ± 59.85 vs. 144.12 ± 68.28, t = 3.428, P = 0.001) and GCS score (6.44 ± 4.20 vs. 11.02 ± 3.93, t = 8.449, P0.001) were significantly lower. There was no significant difference in gender, respiratory rate, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, WBC, Hct, SIRS score, ISS, or emergency operation between two groups. The indicators with statistically significant difference from the univariate analysis were further analyzed by multivariate logistic regression, and the indices included in the regression model were age ≥ 65 years [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.176-1.974, P = 0.019], APACHE II score ≥ 21 (95% CI = 0.121-2.725, P = 0.032), GCS6 (95% CI = 0.201-3.221, P = 0.026), severe sepsis (95%CI = 0.421-2.735, P = 0.008) or septic shock (95%CI = 0.430-3.636, P = 0.013), with assigning scores of 1.0, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5, 2.0, respectively. Finally these five indicators were included into the warning score of death. It was shown by ROC curve analysis that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of warning score of death in predicting mortality in critically ill trauma patients was 0.867, which was significantly higher than that of the APACHE II score (AUC = 0.812, P = 0.022) and GCS score (AUC = 0.783, P = 0.001). When the cut-off value of warning score of death was 1.5, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predict value (+PV), negative predict value (-PV), positive likelihood ratio (+LR), negative likelihood ratio (-LR), and Youden index was 75.00%, 85.40%, 50.0%, 94.6%, 5.16, 0.29, and 0.605, respectively.Age ≥ 65 years, APACHE II score ≥ 21, GCS6, severe sepsis or septic shock were the risk factors of death in patients with severe trauma, and they can be considered as warning score of death in patients with severe trauma. With the score mortality can be better predicted than any other kind of score for patients with severe trauma.

基于社会资本和知识管理理论,探讨了在中国关系社会背景下社会资本与创新绩效之间的关系,检验了知识获取对二者关系的调节效应,揭示了供应链管理中社会资本对创新绩效的影响机制以及知识获取在创新中的重要作用。基于供应链视角,从供应商、企业内部、客户3个方面对社会资本进行了探讨,并运用278家制造企业的调研数据,采用线性回归及调节效应检验方法对假设进行了实证检验。研究结果表明:企业内部社会资本和客户社会资本对企业创新绩效有显著的正向影响;知识获取对社会资本(供应商、企业内部、客户)与创新绩效之间的关系具有正向调节效应。

有关研究表明,在创新网络中,企业创新绩效受到外部网络关系和自身吸收能力两方面的影响,但网络关系的强弱对企业创新绩效的影响在学术界尚未达成共识。在中国关系社会的背景之下,本文构建了网络关系强度、企业吸收能力和创新绩效三者之间的关系理论模型,并以中国278家制造业企业为样本进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,创新网络关系强度和企业吸收能力均对企业创新绩效存在显著的正向影响,且企业吸收能力在网络关系强度和企业创新绩效之间起不完全中介作用。同时,本文检验了企业性质、产业类型和地域分布的影响,发现在私营企业、传统制造业企业和位于华东、华北地区的企业中,创新网络关系强度对创新绩效没有直接影响,但可以通过吸收能力对创新绩效产生间接影响。

The stator and the rotor winding leakage reactance is one of the most important electromagnetic parameters in wounded rotary transformer. In the design of rotating transformer, analysis of the winding leakage is necessary, for it is directly related to the input impedance and affects output voltage adjustment rate at the same time. It also makes great influence on the value of the output induced electromotive force. Because the rotary transformer primary winding and secondary winding can't be fully coupled, energy stored in the leakage inductance can't be transmitted to the secondary side, especially for the small size of the rotary transformer, in which winding leakage possesses larger proportion of the total reactance. So the calculation of leakage inductance is important in the analysis of the inductance. In this paper, at first the analytical method is used to calculate the inductance parameters of the concentric winding type transformer, then the FEM is adopted to analyze the characters in contrast.

Background: Diabetes is proved to be one of the independent risk factors for cognitive dysfunction. The pathophysiologic changes caused by diabetes including hyperglycemia and tissue hypoxia may contribute greatly to cognitive decline. In the present study, we demonstrate E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Siah-1 downregulates the key synaptic protein Synaptophysin expression under high glucose and hypoxia condition which may be the underlying factor leading to cognitive dysfunction in diabetic patients. Methods: In this study, hypoxia (2% oxygen) and high glucose (50 mM) were used to treat primary neuronal culture. By using quantitative PCR and western blotting we determined the influence of hypoxia and high glucose on the expression of synaptophysin and Siah-1 and the phosphorylated forms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Knockdown of Siah-1, inhibitors for proteasome, lysosome and ERK kinase was employed to evaluate the role of Siah-1 and ERK activity on the expression of synaptophysin. By immunoprecipitation we also examined the role of Siah-1 in the ubiquitination of synaptophysin under hypoxic and hyperglycemic condition. Results: We demonstrated that hypoxia and high glucose together but not hypoxia or high glucose along mediated posttranscriptional reduction of synaptophysin with increased ERK phosphorylation and Siah-1 expression. The downregulation of synaptophysin was reversed by inhibition of ERK and Siah-1 knockdown. Overexpression of Siah-1 accelerated the degradation of synaptophysin under hypoxia and high glucose conditions and promoted the ubiquitination of synaptophysin. Conclusions: The present results demonstrate that Siah-1 is the key factor that contributes to hypoxia and high glucose mediated synaptophysin degradation.

Binderless fiberboards from enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) and cotton stalk fibers were prepared under various manufacturing conditions, and their physico-mechanical properties were evaluated. Full factorial experimental design was used to assess the effect of fiber moisture content and pressing temperature on boards’ properties. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to obtain the glass transition temperature (Tg) of EHL. We found that both fiber moisture content and pressing temperature had significant effects on binderless fiberboards’ properties. High fiber moisture content and pressing temperature are suggested to contribute to the self-bonding improvement among fibers with lignin-rich surface mainly by thermal softening enzymatic hydrolysis lignin. In this experiment, the optimized pressing temperature applied in binderless fiberboard production should be as high as 190°C in accordance with the EHL Tg value of 189.4°C, and the fiber moisture content should be limited to less than 20% with a higher board density of 950 kg/m3 to avoid the delamination of boards during hot pressing.

Previous studies showed that aberrant HLA-G expression in trophoblast cells plays important roles in trophoblast invasion; however, the mechanisms remain to be explored. In this study, we found that suppressed HLA-G expression could dramatically decrease the mRNA and protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9, and in the proteome assay, there were 3 identified proteins namely, prefoldin 1, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 and malate dehydrogenase 2, which were verified by Western blot and known to be associated with invasion, cell cycle and cell metabolism, respectively. Collectively, our study indicated a potential involvement of HLA-G in autocrine networks that may regulate prefoldin, MMPs and trophoblast invasion at the maternal-fetal interface in human pregnancy.