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Background To investigate the clinical safety and efficacy of foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB) in the treatment of severe silicone oil-dependent eyes. Methods Five patients (5 eyes) of severe silicone oil-dependent eyes underwent FCVB implantation from December 2019 to July 2020. The preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure, corneal conditions, postoperative retinal reattachment, and FCVB status were observed. The patients were followed up for 12-15 months. Results A total of 5 patients (5 eyes) with severe silicone oil-dependent eyes were included, including 3 males and 2 females, with an average age of 32±14 years. The longest silicone oil tamponade time was 8 years, and the shortest was 2 years, with an average of 5±3 years. All patients were safely and successfully implanted with FCVB without severe intraoperative or postoperative complications. Up to the last follow-up, there was no significant change between preoperative and postoperative visual acuity. Before surgery, 4 patients had normal intraocular pressure while 1 patient had ocular hypotension; after surgery, the latter was still at a low level, and the other patients had intraocular pressure in the normal range. Conclusions The FCVB is a safe, feasible, and effective vitreous substitute to maintain ocular morphology and intraocular pressure without aggravating silicone oil emulsification, retinal displacement, or corneal degeneration during the implantation period of 12-15 months.

Angelica polysaccharide (APS) is a polysaccharide extracted from Angelica sinensis and it is one of the main active components of Angelica sinensis. Many studies have demonstrated that APS can promote the activation and function of a variety of immune cells and is recognized as an immune enhancer, but the regulatory effect of APS on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of APS on MDSC proliferation, differentiation and function through in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vitro, our results showed that APS promoted the proliferation, differentiation and immunosuppressive function of MDSC through STAT1 and STAT3 signaling pathways, and positively correlated with the expression level of Mannose receptor (MR, also known as CD206) and in a concentration-dependent manner on APS. In vivo, APS up-regulated T cells, γδT cells, CD8+T cells, natural killer cells, monocytes/macrophages, and granulocytes in the peripheral blood and spleen of mice to varying degrees and was accompanied by the same degree of increase in the proportion of MDSC. That reminds to the clinician that when applying APS as treatment they should pay attention to its possible side effects of increasing the quantity and function of MDSC, in order to increase its efficacy.

Objective To compare the surgical efficiency and postoperative evaluation indicators between active-fluidic pressure control phacoemulsification system and gravity-fluidics in dense nuclear cataract surgery. Methods A total of 60 patients (60 eyes) with age-related cataract admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2020 to December 2020 were enrolled in this prospective study, and all of them were classified as NⅣ grade according to the Lens Opacities Classification System Ⅱ (LOCS Ⅱ). They were randomized into the active-fluidics group (n=30, phacoemulsification by active-fluidic pressure control system) or the gravity-fluidics group (n=30, phacoemulsification by gravity-fluidic system). Intraoperative parameters, such as cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), ultrasound total time (UTT), torsional amplitude (TA), torsion usage time (TUT), aspiration time (AT), and fluid used (FU) were recorded and compared between the 2 groups. Postoperative evaluation indicators, like central corneal thickness (CCT), central corneal edema and thickness (CCT) at 1 d after surgery were also collected and compared. Results There were no significant differences in preoperative best corrected distance visual acuity, CCT, and corneal endothelial cell count between the 2 groups. Intraoperatively, the active-fluidics group had significantly lower CDE, UTT, TUT, AT and FU than the gravity-fluidics group (P < 0.05), though TA did not differ. Moreover, the active-fluidics group also presented better UDVA (P=0.005), less increase of CCT (P=0.006), slighter central corneal edema (P < 0.001), and smaller proportion of patients with moderate to severe central corneal edema (P < 0.001) than the gravity-fluidics group in 1 d after surgery. Conclusion The active-fluidics configuration achieves a higher surgical efficiency than the traditional gravity-fluidics system in phacoemulsification of dense nuclear cataract, with slighter postoperative corneal edema, less change of CCT and faster recovery of UDVA.

ObjectiveTo compare the intraoperative efficacies of active-fluidic pressure control phacoemulsification system versus gravity-fluidics on intraoperative efficiency for primary angle-closure glaucoma with cataract, and investigate their effects on postoperative central corneal thickness(CCT), intraocular pressure(IOP), and count of corneal endothelial cells. MethodsA total of 24 patients(48 eyes) with primary angle-closure glaucoma and also accompanied with cataract undergoing surgical treatment in our ophthalmology department from June 2016 to December 2019 were prospectively recruited in this study. With the aid of Alcon Centurion Phacoemulsification Vision System, these patients underwent phacoemulsification with active-fluidics configuration in one eye(active group), and with gravity-fluidics configuration in another eye(gravity group). Their intraoperative parameters, such as cumulative dissipated energy(CDE), total ultrasound(US) time, torsion use time, torsion amplitude, aspiration time, and fluid use, were noted and compared between configurations. Endothelial cell loss, and CCT and IOP changes were evaluated at 1 d, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively. ResultsThere were no significant differences in the baseline data between the 2 groups. The active group had significantly shorter total US time, torsion use time and aspiration time, and lower amount of fluid use than the gravity group(P

Polymer shells prepared by the microencapsulation technique with perfect sphericity and defect-free surface finish are demanded in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments. The sphericity and surface finish are some of the hardest specifications to fulfill. Driven by the need to improve qualities of the polymer shells to meet the critical specifications, the effects of fluorobenzene (FB) mass transfer rate on sphericity and surface finish were investigated and the mechanisms of the effects of FB mass transfer on sphericity and surface finish of poly-α-methylstyrene (PAMS) were also discussed. The sphericity and surface finish of the PAMS shells are greatly improved by decreasing the FB mass transfer rate. The calculative frequency of the final shells with an out-of-round (δOOR) of less than 2 μm increases from 30% to 80%, while the power spectra density (PSD) plot gets closer to the specification of the national ignition facility (NIF). The tracking experiments show that the curing process is extended and the percolation transition is also postponed by decreasing the FB mass transfer rate. Therefore, the interfacial tension can work sufficiently, helping make double droplets become spherical, since the double droplets’ stay in the liquid state is effectively extended. Moreover, the Marangoni instabilities at the O–W2 boundary are also restrained by controlling the mass transfer, due to the diffusivity of FB being slowed down. Both the results and methods presented in this work provide a more in-depth understanding of the curing process and the mass transfer, to the benefit of fabricating polymer shells with high sphericity and defect-free surface finish used in ICF experiments.

The reduction of α-pinene by NaBH4 was achieved using NiCl2•6H2O in PEG-800/ethanol system under room temperature. Under the optimized conditions, the conversion of α-pinene and the selectivity of cis-pinane reached 97% and 98%, respectively. On the basis of TEM and a series of poisoning experiments, the nature of the active catalytic species for the reaction was discussed.

To achieve the integrity of solid particles coated by water phase (S/W/O) compound droplets, it is important to investigate the transport process of the compound droplets in the horizontal straight channel. The experimental results show that the integrity is significantly influenced by the flow rates and density difference. The water (W) phase is observed to be peeled off from the surface of the particles (polystyrene (PS) shells), mainly caused by the slip velocity of the W phase and the density mismatching among three phases. During the peeling off process, a relative motion between the solid (S) and W phases initially occurs, causing a decrease of the distance (δ) between them, and then, the PS shell is driven to pass through the W/O interface under the action of drag force and net gravity. It is also found that increasing flow rates of both phases contributes to obtaining integrated compound droplets. A boundary that separates the integrated from damaged compound droplets also exits when the fluid properties are fixed. Above the line of the boundary, compound droplets with integrity are prepared. Moreover, the absolute optimum density matching between the S and W phases is less than 0.003 g/cm3, while that between the W and oil (O) phases is less than 0.005 g/cm3.

In the procedures of designing polystyrene-polyvinyl alcohol-CH (carbon and hydrogen elements) (PS-PVA-CH) triple-layer microspheres, there are many methods such as drop-tower technique, emulsion micro-encapsulation, dip (spin) coating, interfacial polycondensation, and spraying technique to prepare the PVA coating. Drop-tower technique, emulsion micro-encapsulation and dip (spin) coating are most-commonly used. The advantages, disadvantages and the research progress of the three methods are summarized in this paper. Emulsion micro-encapsulation is suitable for preparing double-layer microspheres of sizes smaller then 500 m, with high survival ratio and good quality. However,the preparation process is easily influenced by artificial factors. Small-sized double-layer microspheres can also be prepared by the drop-tower technique, and the preparation period is short. But there are still some problems such as the difficulty in designing thedroplet generator, uneven PVA coating and the difficulty in preparing large-sized microspheres. Dip (spin) coating technique can be used to prepare PS-PVA microspheres with sizes larger than 1000 m, but the spread of PVA coating is affected by many factors in this method, and the prepared PVA coating is too thin and not uniform.

Biomass (Chl.a) of benthic algae colonized and developed mature community on different artificial substrata was determined in eutrophic lake Donghu, and species composed and structure characteristic of mature diatom communities on artificial and natural substratum were analysed qualitatively. Biomass variance of benthic algae was compared on four different artificial substratum, granite stone, glass, plastic (PVC) and pine wood during the colonization period, and the peak biomass of benthic algae (Chl.a, 71.0μg/cm2) on PVC was significantly higher than that of the other artificial substrata, which showed PVC was the most suitable artificial substratum for benthic algae. Species composition, dominant species, similarity index and diversity index of benthic diatom communities showed a relatively high degree of consistency between natural and granite artificial samplers, which suggested granite should be the most favourable artificial substratum with benthic algae used as indicatory biology that monitored and evaluated water quality.

All planned inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsule targets except machined beryllium require plastic mandrels with tight requirements on which the ablator is built. In this paper, the fabrication of poly(-methylstyrene) (PAMS) mandrel is studied. PAMS mandrels are produced by using microencapsulation technique. This technique involves producing a water droplet (W1) encapsulated by a flourobenzen (FB) solution of PAMS (O) with a droplet generator, and this droplet is then flushed off by external phase (W2), forming a water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) compound-emulsion droplet, which is suspended in a stirred flask filled with external phase to cure. The encapsulation process is based on a microfluid technique, which can achieve the controlled production of millimeter-scale PAMS mandrels. In this work, capillaries-based co-flowing microfluidic triple orifice generator is designed and built to fabricate W1/O/W2 droplets. Two configurations of the droplet generator:one-step device and two-step device, are employed in this experiment. In one-step device, the end of oil phase capillary is located at the same position as the end of inner water phase capillary. So the core droplet and the shell droplet break off from their capillaries ends at the same time, forming a W1/O/W2 droplet. While in the two-step device, the W1 phase capillary tip is located upstream to the W2 phase capillary tip. As a result, the core droplet and the shell droplet depart from the ends of their capillaries respectively, forming a W1/O/W2 droplet as well. Differently, the shell droplet contains only one core droplet in one-step generator, while several core droplets are contained in the shell droplet in two-step generator. In this paper, the mechanism of the droplet formation and the effect of the flow rate on the size of the droplet are studied with these two configurations. Results show that tiny difference between the two generators will lead to great differences in droplet formation mechanism and size control. In the two-step generator, the inner phase flow rate has little influence in the outer diameter of the compound-emulsion droplet. The diameters of the compound-emulsion droplets have a similar change to the diameters of the single droplets (O/W2). In one-step device, the inner phase flow rate has a significant influence on the outer diameter of the double-emulsion droplet because of the existence of W1-O interface. Finally, the compound-emulsion droplets fabricated in this experiment are cured in external phase, after which PAMS mandrels are fabricated. The diameters of the final PAMS mandrels are measured with optical microscope. The distribution of the diameters well concentrates in an area of (200010) upm, which is favorable for producing the PAMS mandrels with a diameter of 2000 upm.

The improvement of enterprise’s competitiveness depends upon the choice of the logistics outsourcing strategy. This paper uses the entropy method to determine the function's weight of the enterprise needed logistics service relatively, uses Value Engineering Theory to analyze the function and cost of logistics services, then takes ratio of sub-function evaluating value and the corresponding cost value as the functional cost value coefficient. Enterprises can select the optimal scheme according to the TOPSIS value sorting. The method provides a basis for the selection and evaluation of enterprises’ logistics outsourcing strategy.