Search

This paper aims to clarify the characteristic of the Mathematics, Data Science, and AI programs (The MDASH Literacy programs) by analyzing related policies and the response of higher education institutions. In conclude, to cultivate talents who can respond to the change of information-oriented society, Japanese higher education institutions offered courses related to the MDASH Literacy consciously. However, the resources, scale, and institutional frameworks are different in these institutions. Secondly, most of the MDASH Literacy programs are in the transition stage without being well-developed. In other words, the institutions established the new MDASH literacy programs for all students cautiously. Furthermore, some of them offered the programs by modifying the existing information science subjects or reincorporating several subjects corresponding to the model curriculum. According to the offering status of these programs, it can be supposed that though each higher education institution realized the importance of introducing the MDASH literacy programs, there is no surplus for them to establish new courses, hire the specialized faculties and reorganize the educational organizations.

This paper aims to clarify the difference and the issues of the Unification of Kindergarten and Nursery Schools Policy (Unification Policies) between Japan and Taiwan by analyzing the integrated-childcare-institutions, Taiwanese kindergartens and Japanese Certified Centers for Early Childhood Education and Care (Certified Centers). These institutions were introduced under the implementation of the Unification Policies. The background, purpose, institutional framework and the status of integrated-childcare-institutions were examined in this paper for exploring the research questions. The above examinations raise three different points of Unification Policies between Japan and Taiwan. First of all, Japan and Taiwan adopted the traditional system differently within implementing Unification policies. Secondly, although Japan and Taiwan's Unification policies both introduced integrated-childcare-institutions for responding to education needs diversely, Taiwan put emphasis on organizational reform for enhancing the function of institutions. On the other hand, Japan mainly pays attention to increase the options between institutions. Lastly, the early childhood system was considered differently between Japan and Taiwan. Japan tends to create a more flexible system to support raising children. However, Taiwan's early childhood education system is expected to offer quality education rather than to support raising children. To sum up, it is necessary to implement Unification policies from a more comprehensive perspective and think about how to respond to the various needs of the early childhood education system.

The switching dynamics of a single-domain BiFeO3/CoFe heterojunction is modeled and key parameters such as interface exchange coupling coefficient are extracted from experimental results. The lower limit of the magnetic order response time of CoFe in the BiFeO3/CoFe heterojunction is theoretically quantified to be on to the order of 100 ps. Our results indicate that the switching behavior of CoFe in the BiFeO3/CoFe heterojunction is dominated by the rotation of the Neel vector in BiFeO3 rather than the unidirectional exchange bias at the interface. We also quantify the magnitude of the interface exchange coupling coefficient J_int to be 0.32 pJ/m by comparing our simulation results with the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) curves and the magnetic hysteresis loop in the experiments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that J_int is extracted quantitatively from experiments. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the switching success rate and the thermal stability of the BiFeO3/CoFe heterojunction can be improved by reducing the thickness of CoFe and increasing the length to width aspect ratio of the BiFeO3/CoFe heterojunction. Our theoretical model provides a comprehensive framework to study the magnetoelectric properties and the manipulation of the magnetic order of CoFe in the BiFeO3/CoFe heterojunction.

Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJs) switched utilizing bipolar electric fields have extensive applications in energy-efficient memory and logic devices. Voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy linearly lowers the energy barrier of ferromagnetic layer via electric field effect and efficiently switches p-MTJs only with a unipolar behavior. Here we demonstrate a bipolar electric field effect switching of 100-nm p-MTJs with a synthetic antiferromagnetic free layer through voltage-controlled exchange coupling (VCEC). The switching current density, ~1.1x10^5 A/cm^2, is one order of magnitude lower than that of the best-reported spin-transfer torque devices. Theoretical results suggest that electric field induces a ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic exchange coupling transition of the synthetic antiferromagnetic free layer and generates a field-like interlayer exchange coupling torque, which cause the bidirectional magnetization switching of p-MTJs. A preliminary benchmarking simulation estimates that VCEC dissipates an order of magnitude lower writing energy compared to spin-transfer torque at the 15-nm technology node. These results could eliminate the major obstacle in the development of spin memory devices beyond their embedded applications., Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures