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Background: Postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction (PGD) refers to one of the common postoperative complications. Acupuncture can facilitate the recovery of PGD, whereas no therapeutic schedule of acupuncture has been internationally recognized for treating PGD. In the present study, a scientific trial protocol has been proposed to verify the feasibility of acupuncture in treating gastrointestinal dysfunction after laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. We conduct this protocol to investigate whether acupuncture recovery gastrointestinal dysfunction by influencing the expression of gastrointestinal hormone. Method: The present study refers to a randomized, evaluator blinded, controlled, multi-center clinical trial; it was designed complying with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT 2010) as well as the Standard for Reporting Interventions in Controlled Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA). The subjects will be taken from the inpatients having undergone laparoscopic surgery of Mianyang Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of traditional Chinese medicine, Mianyang Third Hospital and Mianyang Anzhou Hospital. Based on the random number yielded using SPSS 25.0 software, the qualified subjects will be randomly classified to the experimental group and the control group. Therapies will be performed 30 min once after operation, the experimental group will be treated with acupuncture, while the control group will receive intravenous injection of granisetron. The major outcome will be the time to first flatus, and the secondary outcomes will include the time to first defecation, abdominal pain, dosage of analgesia pump, abdominal distention, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal hormone, as well as mental state. The efficacy and safety of acupuncture will be also assessed following the principle of Good Clinical Practice (GCP). Discuss: A standardized and scientific clinical trial is conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for gastrointestinal dysfunction after laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. The aim is to objectively evidence and improves the clinical practice of acupoint prescription, as an attempt to promote the clinical application of this technology.

Microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), including diabatic retinopathy (DR), diabetic kidney disease (DKD), diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) are the leading causes of visual loss, end-stage renal disease or amputation, while the current therapies are still unsatisfactory. Chinese medicine (CM) has been widely used for treating diabetic mellitus. However, most of the previous studies focused on the single complication. The role of CM treatment in T2DM patients with 2 or multiple microvascular complications is not clear. To appraise the curative effect of CM in T2DM patients with 2 or multiple microvascular complications, and to compare the effects of stationary treatment and individualized treatment in T2DM patients with microvascular complications. This trial will be an 8-center, randomized, controlled study with 8 parallel groups. A total of 432 patients will be randomized to 8 groups: DR study group (32 cases) and a corresponding control group (32 cases), DR+DKD study group (64 cases) and a corresponding control group (64 cases), DR+DPN study group (64 cases) and a corresponding control group (64 cases), DR+DKD+DPN study group (56 cases) and a corresponding control group (56 cases). The control group will receive stationary treatment, and the study group will receive individualized treatment based on CM syndrome differentiation in addition to stationary treatment. The study duration will be 50 weeks, comprising a 2-week run-in period, 24 weeks of intervention, and 24 weeks of follow-up. The outcomes will assess efficacy of treatment, improvement in CM symptoms, safety assessments, adherence to the treatment, and adverse events. This study will provide evidence of evidence-based medicine for CM treatment in two or multiple microvascular complications caused by T2DM. (Registration No. ChiCTR-IPR-15007072)

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a chronic renal microvascular complication associated with abnormal glucose metabolism. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, Qi and Yin deficiency with blood stasis (the name of TCM symptoms, its main clinical features are fatigue, dry mouth, red or pale tongue, weak pulse, etc.) is the primary TCM syndrome of DKD, and Qiming granule (QMG) is suitable for the treatment of Qi and Yin deficiency with blood stasis syndrome. In view of this, we designed a randomized controlled trial to assess whether QMG is efficacious and safe in treating DKD patients. Methods: This protocol is for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, six-centre clinical trial. A total of 180 participants will be randomized into the QMG group or placebo group, with a 1:1 ratio. The study will last for 50 weeks, including a 2-week run-in period, 24 weeks of intervention, and 24 weeks of follow-up. The experimental intervention will be QMG, and the control intervention will be a placebo. The primary outcome will be the 24h urinary albumin excretion ratio and the change in the albumin-to-creatinine ratio. The secondary outcome will be evaluation of renal function, fundus changes, management of blood lipids, TCM symptom improvement and safety assessments. Adverse events will be recorded during the trial. Discussion: This study is a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness and safety of QMG for DKD patients. The findings of this study will help to provide evidence-based recommendations in treating DKD patients. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-TRC-12002953. Registered 23 December 2012.

The purpose was to evaluate whether BI-RADS (the Breast Imaging Recording and Data System) combined with UE (ultrasound elastography) could improve the differentiation and characterization of benign and malignant breast lesions by comparing with BI-RADS.A total of 1080 patients with 1194 breast lesions were studied retrospectively at 8 different institutions from 3 geographic areas across China (North, South, and West) from June 2010 to March 2012. Each institutional ethic review board approved the study and all patients gave written informed consent. All the cases were examined by conventional US (ultrasonography) and UE prior to ultrasound-guided core biopsy. Performance of BI-RADS and BI-RADS combined with UE were compared in different size groups, age groups and area groups.BI-RADS combined with UE cloud improve the accuracy by 13.2% compared to BI-RADS alone for all lesions, 23.2% for10 mm lesions, 13.3% for ≥10-20 mm lesions, 6.3% for ≥20 mm lesions, 18.4% for50 years group, 1.7% for ≥50 years group, 13.7% for northern area group, 17.7% for southern area group and 4.4% for western area group.The help which UE contributed to BI-RADS was greater for breast lesions10mm and50 years group.

Using recycled concrete and crumb rubber as aggregates to produce green concrete is a promising technology toward sustainability in the construction industry. In this study, the compressive and flexural behaviours of a new type of concrete material, rubber crumb and steel-fibre-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (RSRAC), are investigated. To popularise the application of this new type of green building material, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of the rubber content on the compressive and flexural behaviours of RSRAC. A total of 18 cubes (150 mm) and 18 cylinders (150 mm × 200 mm) were tested under axial compressive loading, and 18 prisms of 150 × 150 × 550 mm were tested subjected to three-point bending. The crumb rubber content was varied in the investigation at levels of 0%, 4%, 8%, 12% and 16% by volume substitution of sand. Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) was introduced into the concrete mixture by 100% volume substitution of natural coarse aggregate (NCA), and 1% volumetric quantity of steel fibre was added to the concrete mixture. The effect of the rubber content on the compressive and flexural strength, failure mode, modulus of elasticity and toughness of RSRAC was analysed. The results indicate that RSRAC with an optimal rubber content displays good compressive behaviour compared with normal NCA concrete. RSRAC is also a more environmentally friendly alternative to normal rubber concrete for use in the flexural members of concrete structures.

H-Sep samples were taken from treating sepiolite with HCl solution. Cu/H-Sep samples were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method. The samples were characterized using XRF, XRD, and XPS techniques, and their catalytic activities were performed by the SCR of NO with propylene. The results show that the Cu/H-Sep catalyst exhibited the high performance in the C3H6-SCR of NO. After investigation by XRD and H2-TPR, the result showed that there are Cu2+/Cu+redox species as a reaction activity center over Cu/H-Sep.

Purpose – Making the right bid/no-bid decision is critical to the success and development of construction contracting enterprises. Decision makers’ personal characteristics, such as risk perception and propensity, have great impact on bid/no-bid decisions, which is the major concern of this research. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship among decision makers’ risk perception, risk propensity, and their bid/no-bid decision making of construction projects, as well as the factors influencing the risk perception and propensity. Design/methodology/approach – In total, four hypotheses were proposed based on an extensive literature review. Experimental questionnaires were distributed to employees working in Chinese construction contracting enterprises with knowledge of construction bidding, and 134 valid questionnaires were obtained. Multivariate statistical analysis through SPSS 19.0 was used to analyze the acquired data. Findings – Data analysis shows that in the context of international construction contracting: risk perception has a negative influence on bid/no-bid decision making; while risk propensity produces a positive influence and the probability and magnitude of potential gain or loss both have significant impacts on risk perception, and the probability plays a more important role. Originality/value – This research studied the bid/no-bid decision making of construction projects from the new perspectives of risk perception and risk propensity of the decision makers.

Cu/H-Sep and Cu-Fe/H-Sep samples were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method. These catalysts were characterized by means of XRF, XRD, BET, XPS, and H2-TPR techniques, and their catalytic activities were performed by the SCR of NO with propylene. The results show that the Cu-Fe/H-Sep catalyst exhibited the best performance in the C3H6-SCR of NO. After investigation by H2-TPR, XRD and XPS, the result showed that the higher reducibility, more amount of isolated Cu2+, higher dispersion of copper species, and stronger metal-support interaction were responsible for the excellent catalytic activity of Cu-Fe/H-Sep.

Previous researches on remanufacturer behavior in the supply chain only considered that the products were transferred between the OEM(Original Equipment Manufacturer) and remanufacturer. This paper is a comparative study of the impact of different remanufacturing models on technology transfer in remanufacturing market. Our results showed that when the waiting time of consumers was zero, the proportion of technology transfer under BR model (buyback and remanufacturing model) is higher than that under ER model (Entrusting and remanufacturing model). When the waiting time of consumer was not zero, the characteristic of technology transfer depends on the license fee, the cost of waiting time, the cost of collecting and remanufacturing. In this paper, through mathematical simulation, the influences of waiting time and lead time on the decisions of OEM and the remanufacturer are discussed.

The remanufacturing after-sales service of green supply chain requires OEM (original equipment manufacturer) and remanufacturer (his dealer) to collaborate closely. In this paper, two after-sales service models were proposed with an OEM and a remanufacturer. The optimal remanufacturing technology transfer and the influence mechanism were analyzed. The results suggested that: in dual channel model, the rising proportion of technology transfer promoted the development of remanufacturing market. Technology transfer ratio of single channel model rising resulted in different development tendencies of the remanufacturing market. For dual channel model, the Chinese government should not only encourage manufacturers to transfer manufacturing technology, but also encourage OEM to shift profit model from traditional profit model of the new-part sales to technology development and services. However, in single channel model, the government should encourage OEM to transfer more manufacturing technology to promote the remanufacturing market prosperity.

This document explains a type of Smart Tunnel Inspection Robot (STIR) for the detection of pipe culverts, including its system composition, the working principle, modules of hardware circuit, program flows and the interface of PC software. With devices of wireless video transmission, wireless data communication and the embedded technology of measurement and control, the STIR can replace human to detect and monitor various types of small diameter pipe culverts.

The emergency of a new computing pattern must be supported by powerful mathematical theory, weak theoretical supported ideology does not have a strong vitality, and which will become vulnerable. As being a new theory, the DNA computing treated as a new computational pattern also need a lot of basic theoretical research system. This article describes the nature of DNA computing, given the equivalence of DNA computing pattern with traditional computer under the support of automata theory system, further analysis and understanding the DNA computing pattern.

To explore micro-or nanoscintillator with a controllable architecture, a novel facile hydrothermal method easy for commercial run was used to synthesize pure and Ce doped β-NaLuF4 microcrystals at 453K. The morphology of uniform hexagonal prism with 3.3μm in diameter and 1.4 μm in thickness, respectively, is presented by the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns show the products are both pure hexagonal phase. Different from the undoped product without any irradiation, the Ce doped product has given strong broad band emission attributed to 5d4f transition of Ce3+, which can be potentially used as scintillator for biomedical imaging and detectors for high energy such as X-ray and γray. This synthetical strategy extends the understanding about nanomaterial chemistry and can be also useful for other systems such as fluorides, oxides and sulfides.

In 2012, Wang Zuofei built up granularity-function and applied it to the measure of attribute importance and attribute reduction. On this basis, granularity-function based upon pessimistic and optimistic multi-granularity rough set is constructed. It is applied to the calculation of attribute importance and attribute reduction. According to the experimental results, the method can reduce the dimension of features and obviously improve the classification accuracy and efficiency.

KNN classifier is a simple, non-parametric, high efficiency algorithm. But it has the defect that the classification efficiency will increase as the enlargement of data scale. This paper put forward a new KNN classification method based on rough set on the research of algorithms presented by Yu Ying and Heping Gou. The innovation of this algorithm is that the kernel, negative domain and boundary region of variable precision rough set are used to be the indexes of measuring the intra-class, extra-class and the class boundary of training sample set. The samples of intra-class, extra-class and the class boundary that are to be classed have differential treatment when judging the category. In this way, the scale of training sample set is effectively reduced and the efficiency and precision of classification are improved. At last, the category function is improved to reflect the category of samples to be classed. The experimental results show that the method can obviously improve the classification efficiency and accuracy.

Reasonably effective methods of FRP strengthening can dramatically improve the ultimate bearing capacity, ductility and seismic performance of reinforced concrete frame joints. This paper, based on domestic and foreign experimental research and finite element numerical simulation which are working at improving bearing capacity and seismic performance of reinforced concrete frame joints, analyzes mechanism and performance factors of RC frame joints reinforced with FRP material, concludes with basic ideas and methods of FRP material RC joints, together with the direction of continuing studies.

Six steroidal saponins and two pregnane glycosides were isolated from the BuOH subfraction of 70% EtOH extract of Smilax microphylla C.H.Wright, among them two were new compounds (1 and 7). Pregnane glycosides were firstly isolated from the genus Smilax (Smilacaceae). Structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Using the steam exploded pretreatment technology to process the corn stalk, and then the pretreated corn stalk were used the materials of anaerobic fermentation under the temperature 35°C. Experimental results show that: the biogas production per unit of pretreated corn stalk increased 16.8 % ~ 63.2% than the unexploded corn stalk. The gas production can up to the peak (484.3ml / g dry steam exploded straw) under the condition (retained time 90s, pressure 3.0Mpa). The longer the retained time is the earlier the gas production peak occurs under the same steam pressure and the peak range become wider. The main gas production area is the former 20d, the production amount to about 80% of total production, while the gas production of untreated straw fermentation in is only 60% of total production under medium temperature.

The research on biomass conversion technology has attracted great attention of the world along with the shortage of fossil energy resources. But the effect and efficiency of the pretreatment technique now used in biomass conversion are not so perfect. Using new steam explosion technique as a pretreatment process of biomass conversion has been reported rarely. The mechanism of steam explosion and its application effect in biomass conversion and utilization were introduced and analyzed respectively in this paper. The result showed that the semi-cellulose of steam exploded corn stalk degraded greatly to 7.57% from 25.4%, and a little cellulose and lignin degraded in this process. The saccharification rate of steam exploded green reserved corn stalk was 33.4% under the condition 2.0Mpa, 120s. It’s 1.33 times higher than the unexploded. According to the result of experimentation, the steam explosion technique should be a good pretreatment method for biomass conversion.

Background This study aimed to confirm whether strain ratio should be added after evaluation of lesions with 5-point elasticity scoring for differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions on ultrasonographic elastography(UE). Materials and Methods From June 2010 to March 2012, 1080 consecutive female patients with breast lesions were recruited into a multicenter retrospective study, which involved 8 centers across China. Each institutional ethic review board approved the study, and all the patients gave written informed consent. All the patients underwent the UE procedure and the strain ratios were calculated and the final diagnosis was made by histological findings. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV were calculated for each of the two evaluation systems and the areas under the ROC curve were compared. Results The strain ratios of benign lesions (mean, 2.6±2.0) and malignant lesions (mean,7.9±5.8) were significantly different (p 0.05). The strain ratio method shows better a diagnosis performance of the lesions with elasticity score 3 and 4. Conclusions Although the two UE methods have similar diagnostic performance, separate calculation of the strain ratios seems compulsory, especially for the large solid breast lesions and the lesions with elasticity score 3 and 4.

A new lignan, lyoniresinol-9- O-8″-syringylglycerol ether (1), together with five known compounds, piceatannol (2), resveratrol (3), oxyresveratrol (4), quercetin-3′-glucoside (5) and diosgenin (6) were isolated from the rhizomes of Smilax microphylla. The structure of the new compound was determined by means of chemical evidence and 1D-and 2D-NMR (1H, 13C, HSQC, HMBC, 1H-1H COSY and NOESY) spectroscopic analysis and HR-ESI-MS.

To explore and improve the utilization efficiency of Gentiana macrophylla resources.The germination of Gentiona macrophylla seeds were used as explants to induce calluses; Cultured on various culture media and condition for callus induction and subculture by test; The content of gentiopicroside in callus was determined by HPLC.The optimum medium for callus was MS +2,4-D (1.0 mg/L) + 6-BA (0.5 mg/L), and MS +2,4-D (1.0 mg/L) +6-BA (0.5 mg/L) + NAA (0.5 mg/L) was the optimum for subculture,the optimum time of subculture was 30 d; The accumulated gentiopicroside reached the highest level with 0.78 mg/g DW when entered 28-30 d.The optimized culture method of callus of Gentiana. macrophylla is obtained; The growth curve of callus of Gentiona macrophylla turns on "S" appearance and the accumulated gentiopicroside increases along with the callus appreciation.

Through analysis, the elastograms characteristics of breast lesions of Chinese women, a suitable diagnostic standard of quasistatic ultrasound elastography (UE) for Chinese women was proposed.From June 2010 to March 2012, 1036 consecutive female patients (mean age, 44 years old) with breast lesions were recruited into a multicenter retrospective study, which involved 8 centers across China. Each institutional ethic review board approved the study, and all the patients gave written informed consent. All breast lesions underwent ultrasound and UE examination. Two radiologists analyzed the elastograms and separated the elastograms into 10 types. A final diagnosis was made on the basis of histologic findings. The characteristics of the elastograms were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted for evaluating the diagnostic performance. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated. Differences in sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were tested by using the McNemar test.There were 1150 lesions (593 benign, 557 malignant). There was a highly significant correlation between the elastogram color distribution and the percentage of malignant lesions, with a value of 0.92 (2P.0001). Through analysis the different malignant percentages in different elastogram types, UE diagnostic standard was proposed, which was correlated with the blue percentage in the elastogram. The specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of UE were 86.4%, 80.8%, and 83.5%, respectively. The specificity and accuracy of UE were higher than with ultrasound. The area under the curve was 0.86.UE could give valuable assessment in the diagnosis of breast lesions. The proposed UE diagnostic standard was suitable for Chinese women.

The efficiency of iron chloride on simultaneous denitrification and chemical-biological flocculation process was investigated through a lab-scale study. The results showed that: there were not significant differences in the denitrification rate, COD and NO3(-) -N removal efficiency between the control reactor and the denitrification reactor with the dosage of 20 mg x L(-1) Fe after 14 days' domestication. Meanwhile the TP removal efficiency was increased to over 80%. Though sludge concentration was increased by adding FeCl3, the settling performance wasn't change because the sludge density was increased and the particle size was reduced. The sludge settling volume (SV30) and specific resistance of filtration (SRF) after adding FeCl3 were only 22% and 1.5 x 10(12) m x kg(-1), which were lower than the values in the control reactor and benefit for sludge treatment.

Six steroidal saponins and two pregnane glycosides were isolated from the BuOH subfraction of 70% EtOH extract of Smilax microphylla C.H.Wright, among them two were new compounds (1 and 7). Pregnane glycosides were firstly isolated from the genus Smilax (Smilacaceae). Structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis.

To provide a scientific evidence for the identification of the section Cruciata Gaudin.Seed morphology of the section Cruciata Gaudin in different regions from Gansu were studied by means of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM).The seeds of section Cruciata Gaudin had relative conformability in terms of shape,size and ornamentation. But the reticulate cell of Gentiana dahurica was obviously wider than those of other species.This study provides some useful information for classification and identification of section Cruciata Gaudin.

To study the quality and genetic diversity in Gentiana macrophylla of different habitats for controlling the quality of Gentiana macrophylla.Main characteristics and microscopic identification were adapted to identify Gentiana macrophylla; HPLC method was applied for analysising the contents of Gentiana macrophylla. RAPD method was applied to study genetic structure and genetic diversity of Gentiana macrophylla.The experiment showed that the Gentiana macrophylla of different habitats have different main charactericstics, microscopic identifications and contents, and effective ingredient contents of gentiopicroside. The levels of population genetic diversity of various groups followed by HUANGZHONG County population (K)HUAN County population (J)ZiWU Mountain population (H).The study of external morphology, internal structure, active ingredient content and genetic level of Gentiana macrophylla from different areas provides a scientific basis for protecting wild species and ensuring the quality in introducing and cultivating Gentiana macrophylla.

Study on chromosome number, karyotype of Gentiana straminea for the first time. Compare karyotypes of Gentiana straminea, Gentiana macrophylla and Gentiana dahurica. Provide cytological evidence for further studies on genetics and evolution.Soak the root tip in 0.002 mol/L 8-oxychinolin solution for 5.7 h. Decomposed in 2.5% mixed enzyme solution for 1.6 h at 25 degrees C and use Hypotonic treatment for 3 h in refrigerator. At last, make specimen slides by the Air-drying technique. Sections combined with micrograph were used to analyze chromosome.The karyotypes formula of Gentiana straminea is K(2n) = 26 = 2M + 24 m, the AS. K was 52.68%, which belong to "1A" type.Compare karyotypes of Gentiana straminea, Gentiana macrophylla and Gentiana dahurica, the result showed that Gentiana macrophylla lives in highest stage of evolution. Gentiana straminea is intermediate between Gentiana macrophylla and Gentiana dahurica.

The title compound, C13H14N2O2, an isoxazol-5-one derivative, was synthesized by a one-pot, three-component condensation reaction of methyl acetoacetate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde. All the non-H atoms are co-planar [r.m.s deviation = 0.0039 Å], with a Z configuration about the C=C bond. The dihedral angle between the phenyl ring and the isoxazole ring is 2.58 (19)°.

To provide scientific basis for large scale production by studying the technique of tissue culture of Gentiana stramines.Callus was induced from germ-free stem segment of G. stramines on a MS medium supplemented with different hormones.The MS medium with 0.5-1.0 mg x L(-1) BA and 0.5 mg x L(-1) NAA was suitable for the induction and proliferation of cluster bads. MS medium with 1.0 mg x L(-1) IAA and 3 mg x L(-1) BA was suitable for the induction of calli. MS medium with 1.0 mg x L(-1) IAA and 2.0-3.0 mg x L(-1) BA was suitable for the subculture of calli. MS medium with 2.0 mg x L(-1) BA and 0.5 mg x L(-1) NAA was suitable for the differentiation of calli.Aseptic seeding of G. stramines can be quickly propagated by shoot culture.

To amplify the PCR with the internal transcribed spacerl regions measure the base sequence of the amplified products of DNA, and to set up an identified standard on the level of molecule.DNA from the seeds of G. dahurica was extracted by conventional method, and composed peculiar primer was used to amplify with the internal transcribed spacerl regions of the rRNA gene, and the base sequence of the amplified products by stopping the circle of the end of double deoxidation of four color fluorescent mark was measured.It was proved by agar sugar gel electrophoresis that the PCR amplified products of the internal transcribed spacerl regions of the rRNA gene existed. The base sequence of the seeds of G. dahurica's internal transcribed spacerl regions of the rRNA gene was measured.To measure the base sequence of internal transcribed spacerl regions of the rRNA gene in the seeds of G. dahurica's is a method to identify vegetal Chinese traditional medicine on the level of molecule.

The molecular skeleton of the title molecule, C11H9NO3, is approximately planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0056 Å); the two rings form a dihedral angle of 6.5 (1)°. In the crystal structure, intermolecular O—H...N hydrogen bonds involving the H atom of the hydroxy group and the N atom of the isoxazole ring link molecules into chains running along the c axis.