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1. Selective aqueous-phase hydrogenation of furfural to cyclopentanol over Ni-based CNT catalysts

Author

Xia, Haihong, Li, Jing, Zhao, Jun, Zhou, Minghao, and Jiang, Jianchun

Subjects
Environmental Chemistry, General Medicine, Waste Management and Disposal, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

Cyclopentanol (CPL) was an eco-friendly solvent as well as important platform chemical which could be generated from biomass-derived furfural (FFA). In this paper, a series of Ni, Cu, Mo, Co bimetallic catalysts with different metals loadings supported on carbon nanotubes (CNT) were synthesized by an impregnation method for aqueous-phase hydrogenation of FFA to obtain CPL. Various effects of reaction parameters such as reaction solvent, reaction temperature, reaction time and different loading amounts of Ni over bimetallic Ni-based CNT catalysts were fully investigated. Among the catalysts studied, (15 + 5) wt% NiCu/CNT catalysts showed a high conversion of FFA and 88% selectivity towards CPL in water and 96% selectivity towards acetal in methanol at the mild condition of 160℃, 2 MPa hydrogen and 4 h reaction time. NiCu bimetallic synergistic effect was interpreted through H2-TPR and NH3-TPD measurement and a possible pathway was proposed. The features of the CNT-supported catalysts were investigated via XRD, XPS, TEM, H2-TPR and NH3-TPD. The Ni and bimetallic NiCu catalysts synthesized in this work were inexpensive and simple, which made them a promising candidate for the conversion of biomass-derived FFA to CPL.

Published
2023

5. Activated Carbon nanoparticles Loaded with Metformin for Effective Against Hepatocellular Cancer Stem Cells

Author

Sun,Lan, Yao,Hong-Juan, Li,Jing-Cao, Zhao,Bao-Quan, Wang,Yong-An, and Zhang,Ying-Ge

Subjects
Biomaterials, International Journal of Nanomedicine, Organic Chemistry, Drug Discovery, Biophysics, Pharmaceutical Science, Bioengineering, General Medicine
Abstract

Lan Sun,1 Hong-Juan Yao,2 Jing-Cao Li,1 Bao-Quan Zhao,1 Yong-An Wang,1 Ying-Ge Zhang1 1Key Laboratory of Nanopharmacology and Nanotoxicology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ying-Ge Zhang; Yong-An Wang, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 10-66930654 ; +86 10-66874607, Fax +86 10-68211656, Email Zhangyg58@126.com; yonganw@126.comIntroduction: Hepatocellular cancer stem cells (CSCs) play crucial roles in hepatocellular cancer initiation, development, relapse, and metastasis. Therefore, eradication of this cell population is a primary objective in hepatocellular cancer therapy. We prepared a nanodrug delivery system with activated carbon nanoparticles (ACNP) as carriers and metformin (MET) as drug (ACNP-MET), which was able to selectively eliminate hepatocellular CSCs and thereby increase the effects of MET on hepatocellular cancers.Methods: ACNP were prepared by ball milling and deposition in distilled water. Suspension of ACNP and MET was mixed and the best ratio of ACNP and MET was determined based on the isothermal adsorption formula. Hepatocellular CSCs were identified as CD133+ cells and cultured in serum-free medium. We investigated the effects of ACNP-MET on hepatocellular CSCs, including the inhibitory effects, the targeting efficiency, self-renewal capacity, and the sphere-forming capacity of hepatocellular CSCs. Next, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of ACNP-MET by using in vivo relapsed tumor models of hepatocellular CSCs.Results: The ACNP have a similar size, a regular spherical shape and a smooth surface. The optimal ratio for adsorption was MET: ACNP=1:4. ACNP-MET could target and inhibit the proliferation of CD133+ population and decrease mammosphere formation and renewal of CD133+ population in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion: These results not only suggest that nanodrug delivery system increased the effects of MET, but also shed light on the mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of MET and ACNP-MET on hepatocellular cancers. ACNP, as a good nano-carrier, could strengthen the effect of MET by carrying drugs to the micro-environment of hepatocellular CSCs.Keywords: nanodrug delivery system, metformin, CD133, hepatocellular cancer stem cells

Published
2023

7. Narcolepsy risk loci outline role of T cell autoimmunity and infectious triggers in narcolepsy

Author

Ollila, Hanna M., Sharon, Eilon, Lin, Ling, Sinnott-Armstrong, Nasa, Ambati, Aditya, Yogeshwar, Selina M., Hillary, Ryan P., Jolanki, Otto, Faraco, Juliette, Einen, Mali, Luo, Guo, Zhang, Jing, Han, Fang, Yan, Han, Dong, Xiao Song, Li, Jing, Zhang, Jun, Hong, Seung Chul, Kim, Tae Won, Dauvilliers, Yves, Barateau, Lucie, Lammers, Gert Jan, Fronczek, Rolf, Mayer, Geert, Santamaria, Joan, Arnulf, Isabelle, Knudsen-Heier, Stine, Bredahl, May Kristin Lyamouri, Thorsby, Per Medbøe, Plazzi, Giuseppe, Pizza, Fabio, Moresco, Monica, Crowe, Catherine, Van den Eeden, Stephen K., Lecendreux, Michel, Bourgin, Patrice, Kanbayashi, Takashi, Martínez-Orozco, Francisco J., Peraita-Adrados, Rosa, Benetó, Antonio, Montplaisir, Jacques, Desautels, Alex, and Huang, Yu Shu

Abstract

Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is caused by a loss of hypocretin/orexin transmission. Risk factors include pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A infection and immunization with Pandemrix®. Here, we dissect disease mechanisms and interactions with environmental triggers in a multi-ethnic sample of 6,073 cases and 84,856 controls. We fine-mapped GWAS signals within HLA (DQ0602, DQB1*03:01 and DPB1*04:02) and discovered seven novel associations (CD207, NAB1, IKZF4-ERBB3, CTSC, DENND1B, SIRPG, PRF1). Significant signals at TRA and DQB1*06:02 loci were found in 245 vaccination-related cases, who also shared polygenic risk. T cell receptor associations in NT1 modulated TRAJ*24, TRAJ*28 and TRBV*4-2 chain-usage. Partitioned heritability and immune cell enrichment analyses found genetic signals to be driven by dendritic and helper T cells. Lastly comorbidity analysis using data from FinnGen, suggests shared effects between NT1 and other autoimmune diseases. NT1 genetic variants shape autoimmunity and response to environmental triggers, including influenza A infection and immunization with Pandemrix®.

Published
2023

9. Research on the Mental Health Management Strategies of College Students in the New Media Environment

Author

Li Jing and Yiming Zhu

Abstract

This paper puts forward some solutions to the problems of college students' mental health management under the new media environment. Firstly, through questionnaire survey and literature analysis, this paper discusses the problems existing in the management of college students' mental health, including increased psychological pressure, addiction to new media, social loneliness and so on. Secondly, the corresponding solutions are put forward, including strengthening mental health education, guiding the rational use of new media and improving social skills. Finally, the conclusion of this paper is summarized and some prospects for future research are put forward.

Published
2023

12. Effectiveness of a non-physician community health-care provider-led intensive blood pressure intervention versus usual care on cardiovascular disease (CRHCP): an open-label, blinded-endpoint, cluster-randomised trial

Author

Jiang He, Nanxiang Ouyang, Xiaofan Guo, Guozhe Sun, Zhao Li, Jianjun Mu, Dao Wen Wang, Lixia Qiao, Liying Xing, Guocheng Ren, Chunxia Zhao, Ruihai Yang, Zuyi Yuan, Chang Wang, Chuning Shi, Songyue Liu, Wei Miao, Guangxiao Li, Chung-Shiuan Chen, Yingxian Sun, Xingang Zhang, Jun Wang, Ying Zhou, Ning Ye, Zihan Chen, Pengyu Zhang, Zihao Fan, Nan Ye, Linlin Zhang, Danxi Geng, Shu Zhang, Qiyu Li, Qiying Qin, Canru Liu, Xiaoyu Zheng, Tao Wang, Li Jing, Boqiang Zhang, Qun Sun, Yu Yan, Yueyuan Liao, Qiong Ma, Chao Chu, Yue Sun, Dan Wang, Ling Zhou, Heng Ye, Haoran Wei, Hao Liu, Zhaoqing Sun, Liqiang Zheng, Yanli Chen, Ye Chang, Mohan Jiang, Hongmei Yang, Shasha Yu, Wenna Li, Ning Wang, Chunwei Wu, Lufan Sun, Zhi Du, Yan Li, Nan Gao, Xinchi Liu, Ying Wang, Mingang Huang, Yufang Zhou, Lingrui Meng, Jiawen Zhang, Zhen Huang, Huihui Chen, Yuxian Huang, Lingmin Sun, Xin Zhong, Hanmin Wang, Xinyan Hou, Huan Han, Baohui Jin, and Hua He

Subjects
General Medicine
Published
2023

17. A Retrospective Study of the Use of Antibiotic Lock Therapy and Cluster Nursing Management in Infections in Children with Short Bowel Syndrome or Solid Abdominal Tumours Treated with Totally Implantable Venous Access Ports

Author

Xiao,Xiu-Li, Yang,Qian-Xue, Niu,Hui-Zhong, Li,Li-Jing, and Xie,Zhen-Jing

Subjects
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, General Medicine, General Nursing
Abstract

Xiu-Li Xiao,1 Qian-Xue Yang,2 Hui-Zhong Niu,1 Li-Jing Li,1 Zhen-Jing Xie1 1Department of General Surgery I, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhaung, 050000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Operating Room, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhaung, 050000 People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiu-Li Xiao, Department of General Surgery I, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, No. 133 Jianhuanan Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-0311-85911010, Email xxlwwvt7@email.cnObjective: To explore the effective response strategies for infections in infants with short bowel syndrome and solid abdominal tumours, treated with totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs).Methods: A total of 210 children who were treated with a TIVAP in our department from 2020 to 2021 were selected for this retrospective study. Eight of these children diagnosed with a catheter-related bloodstream infection were studied in this study; antibiotic lock therapy (ALT) and cluster nursing management were used for treatment, and their effects on the infection outcome were observed.Results: Among the eight children, seven access ports were successfully protected, and one catheter was removed from the right chest wall port due to repeated infection. In this one child, the left side was re-implanted.Conclusion: The use of the ALT combined with cluster-based nursing can better treat infections of TIVAPs, improve the children’s healing time, and has important clinical significance in the prevention of complications from the infection and improving the treatment and nursing of the patients diagnosed with these infections.Keywords: totally implantable venous access port, short bowel syndrome and solid abdominal tumours, catheter-related bloodstream infection, cluster nursing management

Published
2023

21. Incidence, predictors and prognosis of acute kidney injury in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing emergent coronary angiography/primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Author

TAN, Jing, ZHANG, Ying-Hua, SI, Jin, XIAO, Ke-Ling, HUA, Qi, and LI, Jing

Subjects
Geriatrics and Gerontology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Article
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) after coronary angiography (CAG) and primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is frequently observed, and often interpreted as contrast induced-AKI. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, predictors and outcomes of AKI in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing emergent CAG/PPCI using the control group of STEMI patients who were not exposed to contrast agents within the first 72 h. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 1670 STEMI patients. Of them, 673 patients underwent emergent CAG/PPCI, and 997 patients treated with thrombolysis or no reperfusion therapy who were not exposed to contrast material during the first 72 h. AKI was defined as an increase of serum creatinine ≥ 44.2 mmol/L or ≥ 25% from baseline within 72 h. Patents were then followed up for the occurrence of all-cause mortality for 40 months (interquartile range: 24–55 months). RESULTS: After propensity score matching, 505 pairs of patients were matched. Overall, the incidence of AKI was 27.4%, and AKI rates were not significantly different in patients with and without emergent CAG/PPCI procedure (27.5% vs. 27.3%, P = 0.944). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that the independent predictors of AKI were female, elevated interleukin-6 level, decreased lymphocyte count, left ventricular ejection fraction < 50% and use of diuretics in patients with emergent CAG/PPCI. Patients with AKI than those without AKI experienced higher incidence of acute heart failure with Killip class III (9.4% vs. 3.3%, P = 0.005; 15.2% vs. 6.8%, P = 0.003, respectively) and mortality (5.8% vs. 1.4%, P = 0.014; 12.3% vs. 4.6%, P = 0.002, respectively) in patients with and without emergent CAG/PPCI. Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that AKI was independently associated with long-term mortality rate at 40 months follow-up in patients with and without emergent CAG/PPCI (HR = 1.867, 95% CI: 1.086–3.210, P = 0.024; HR = 1.700, 95% CI: 1.219–2.370, P = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 27.0% of STEMI patients experience AKI, which is strongly associated with an increased short- and long-term mortality regardless of emergent CAG/PPCI procedure. The development of AKI is mainly related to female gender, inflammation reaction, heart failure and use of diuretics in STEMI patients undergoing emergent CAG/PPCI.

Published
2023

22. Study on Virulence Genes, Drug Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae with High Virulence in Inner Mongolia, China

Author

Li,Hong-Fu, Zhang,Li-Xia, Zhang,Wen-Lan, Li,Jing, Li,Ya-Qian, and Hu,Tong-Ping

Subjects
Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases, Infection and Drug Resistance, Pharmacology (medical)
Abstract

Hong-Fu Li,1,2,&ast; Li-Xia Zhang,2,&ast; Wen-Lan Zhang,2,&ast; Jing Li,2,&ast; Ya-Qian Li,2,&ast; Tong-Ping Hu2 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai Third People’s Hospital, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Clinical laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Tong-Ping Hu, Department of Clinical laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, No. 41, of Linyin Road, Kundulun District, Baotou City, Baotou, 014000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13296922365, Email hutongping1976@126.comObjective: The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical, microbiological and molecular epidemiological characteristics of patients with pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN) in Inner Mongolia, China.Methods: The KPN isolates from 78 KPN-PLA cases admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, from 2016 to 2019 were studied systematically and described comprehensively. The virulence factors, drug resistance and sequence types of KPN in different samples were identified by a wire-drawing test, polymerase chain reaction, a drug susceptibility test and multi-site sequence typing.Results: There were more male than female KPN-PLA patients (P< 0.05). The mortality rate was 2.5%, and KPN-PLA was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus (P< 0.05). Most of the KPN isolates in the puncture fluid of patients with KPN-PLA were hypervirulent KPN (HvKP). The positive rate of the KPN-PLA specimens was higher than that of the blood and urine specimens. The KPN isolates of the urine specimens had higher drug resistance than the other two (P< 0.05). The hypermucoviscous KPN, aerobic actin (aero) (+), K1 and K2 serotypes accounted for 80.8%, 89.7%, 56.4% and 26.9%, respectively. In addition to ironB (3.8%), the detection rates of virulence factors rmpA, irp2, entB, iucD, aero, wcaG, iutA, kfu, ybtA, iron, fimH and mrkD were higher (69.2%– 100.0%). The positive rate of KPN isolates of the KPN-PLA puncture fluid was higher than that of the blood and urine samples (P< 0.05). In addition, ST23 was found to be the dominant ST (32.1%) of KPN-PLA in the Baotou region.Conclusion: In the KPN-PLA specimens, the KPN isolates were more virulent than those in the blood and urine specimens, and a carbapenem-resistant HvKP strain emerged. This research will help improve the understanding of HvKP and provide useful suggestions for KPN-PLA treatments.Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, virulence factor, capsular serotype, bacterial drug resistance, multilocus sequence typing

Published
2023

24. Malware Family Classification Based on Vision Transformer

Author

Jing Li Jing Li and Xueping Luo Jing Li

Subjects
General Computer Science
Abstract

Cybersecurity worries intensify as Big Data, the Internet of Things, and 5G technologies develop. Based on code reuse technologies, malware creators are producing new malware quickly, and new malware is continually endangering the effectiveness of existing detection methods. We propose a vision transformer-based approach for malware picture identification because, in contrast to CNN, Transformer’s self-attentive process is not constrained by local interactions and can simultaneously compute long-range mine relationships. We use ViT-B/16 weights pre-trained on the ImageNet21k dataset to improve model generalization capability and fine-tune them for the malware image classification task. This work demonstrates that (i) a pure attention mechanism applies to malware recognition, and (ii) the Transformer can be used instead of traditional CNN for malware image recognition. We train and assess our models using the MalImg dataset and the BIG2015 dataset in this paper. Our experimental evaluation found that the recognition accuracy of transfer learning-based ViT for MalImg samples and BIG2015 samples is 99.14% and 98.22%, respectively. This study shows that training ViT models using transfer learning can perform better than CNN in malware family classification. &nbsp

Published
2023

27. Advancing Microbe Detection for Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Diagnosis and Management with Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing

Author

Dong,Yulan, Chen,Qianqian, Tian,Bin, Li,Jing, Li,Jin, and Hu,Zhidong

Subjects
Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases, Infection and Drug Resistance, Pharmacology (medical)
Abstract

Yulan Dong, Qianqian Chen, Bin Tian, Jing Li, Jin Li, Zhidong Hu Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Zhidong Hu, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 022-60814202, Email huzhidong27@126.comBackground: Due to limitations of traditional microbiological methods and the presence of the oropharyngeal normal flora, there are still many pathogens that cause lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) cannot be detected. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has the potential capacity to solve this problem.Methods: This retrospective study successively reviewed 77 patients with LRTI and 29 patients without LRTI admitted to Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China from August 2020 to June 2021. Pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens were detected adopting mNGS and traditional microbiological assays. The diagnostic performance of pathogens was compared between mNGS and BALF culture. The value of mNGS for aetiological and clinical impact investigation in LRTI was also evaluated.Results: Among 77 patients with LRTI, 22.1%, 40.3%, and 65.0% of cases were detected as definite or probable pathogens by culture, all conventional microbiological tests, and mNGS, respectively. Using the final diagnosis as a gold standard, mNGS exhibited a sensitivity of 76.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.6– 85.5%), which was considerably superior to that of BALF culture (76.6% vs 18.2%; P < 0.01); specificity of 79.3% (95% CI, 60.3– 92.0%), which was similar (79.3% vs 89.7%; P = 0.38); positive-predictive value of 90.8% (95% CI, 81.0– 96.5%), and negative-predictive value of 56.1% (95% CI, 39.7– 71.5%). According to our data, mNGS identified potential microorganisms in 66.7% (42/63) of culture-negative samples. Among 59 patients with pathogens identified by mNGS, conventional microbiological methods confirmed pathogenic infections in less than half (28/59) cases. Within the 77 patients, 34 (44.2%) patients received pathogen-directed therapy, 7 (9.1%) patients underwent antibiotic adjustment, and 3 (3.9%) patients stopped using antibiotics due to mNGS results.Conclusion: mNGS exhibits high accuracy in diagnosing LRTI, and combine with traditional microbiological tests, causative pathogens can be detected in approximately 70.0% of cases, thus yields a positive effect on antibiotic application.Keywords: LRTIs, mNGS, pathogens, culture, diagnosis, infection

Published
2023

29. Investigating the oxidase-like activity of a Co–Fe Prussian blue analogue nanocube prepared in situ and its applications in the colorimetric detection of ascorbic acid, alkaline phosphatase, α-glucosidase, and ascorbic acid oxidase

Author

Li-Jing Peng, Shi-Jun Yin, Li Chen, Tao Tian, Wei-Yi Zhang, Hang-Yu Zhou, and Feng-Qing Yang

Subjects
Materials Chemistry, General Chemistry, Catalysis
Abstract

A Co–Fe Prussian blue analogue nanocube (Co–Fe PBA NC) was prepared in situ. Based on the excellent oxidase-like activity of Co–Fe PBA NC, a colorimetric sensor is developed for the detection of ascorbic acid-related bioenzymes.

Published
2023

31. Phomopsischalins A–C, polycyclic-fused cytochalasins from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. shj2 and their abilities to induce lysosomal function

Author

Rong Chen, Li-Jing Guo, Xue-Dan Li, Xing-Ren Li, Kun Hu, Jian-Wei Tang, Zhen-Nan Ye, Bing-Chao Yan, and Pema-Tenzin Puno

Subjects
Organic Chemistry
Abstract

Phomopsischalins A−C (1–3), two classes of polycyclic-fused cytochalasins, were discovered from Phomopsis sp. shj2. Compound 2 is the first example of a cytochalasin accelerating lysosome function in a transcription factor EB-independent manner.

Published
2023

32. Organo-cyanamides: convenient reagents for catalytic amidation of carboxylic acids

Author

Li-Jing Li, Zhong-Qiang Zhou, Zi-Kui Liu, Yuan-Yuan He, Feng-Cheng Jia, and Xiao-Qiang Hu

Subjects
Molecular Structure, Cyanamide, Carboxylic Acids, Materials Chemistry, Metals and Alloys, Ceramics and Composites, Indicators and Reagents, General Chemistry, Amides, Catalysis, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

An unprecedented DMAP-catalysed amidation of aryl and alkyl carboxylic acids with organo-cyanamides has been developed for the first time, enabling the efficient synthesis of a range of structurally diverse amides in useful to good yields.

Published
2023

34. Capacity Expansion of High Renewable Penetrated Energy Systems Considering Concentrating Solar Power for Seasonal Energy Balance

Author

Li, Jing, Lu, Tianguang, Yi, Xinning, Wang, Shaorui, and He, Xueqian

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

With the increasing proportion of variable renewable energy which owns fluctuation characteristics and the promotion of the Clean Heating policy, the seasonal energy imbalance of the system has been more and more challenging. There is a lack of effective means to mitigate this challenge under the background of gradual compression of the traditional thermal unit construction. Concentrating solar power (CSP) is a promising technology to replace thermal units by integrating emergency boilers to cope with extreme weather, and can meet long-time energy balance as a seasonal peak regulation source. In this paper, we propose a long-term high-resolution expansion planning model of the energy system under high renewable penetration which integrates CSP technology for seasonal energy balance. With the projection to 2050, by taking the energy system in Xinjiang province which is a typical area of the Clean Heating project with rich irradiance as a case study, it shows that the optimal deployment of CSP and electric boiler (EB) can reduce the cost, peak-valley difference of net load and renewable curtailment by 8.73%, 19.72% and 58.24% respectively at 65% renewable penetration compared to the base scenario., Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures

Published
2023

35. The Dimorphos Boulder Swarm

Author

Jewitt, David, Kim, Yoonyoung, Li, Jing, and Mutchler, Max

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present deep Hubble Space Telescope images taken to examine the ejecta from the DART spacecraft impact into asteroid Dimorphos. The images reveal an extensive population of co-moving boulders, the largest of which is about 7 m in diameter (geometric albedo 0.15 assumed). Measurements of 37 boulders show a mean sky-plane velocity dispersion of 0.30+/-0.03 m/s, only slightly larger than the 0.24 m/s gravitational escape velocity from the Didymos/Dimorphos binary system. The total boulder mass, 5e6 kg (density 2200 kg/m3 assumed), corresponds to about 0.1 percent of the mass of Dimorphos and the boulders collectively carry about 3e-5 of the kinetic energy delivered by the DART spacecraft impact. The sky-plane distribution of the boulders is asymmetric, consistent with impact into an inhomogeneous, likely rubble-pile, body. Surface boulder counts on Didymos show that the observed boulder swarm could be ejected from as little as 2 percent of the surface of Dimorphos (for example a circular crater at the impact point about 50 m in diameter). The large, slow-moving boulders are potential targets to be investigated in-situ by the upcoming ESA HERA mission., Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures

Published
2023

36. Two-Dimensional Platinum Telluride with Ordered Te Vacancy Superlattice for Efficient and Robust Hydrogen Evolution

Author

Xu, Xin, Wang, Xuechun, Yu, Shuming, Liu, Guowei, Ma, Yaping, Li, Hao, Yang, Jiangang, Wang, Chenhui, Li, Jing, Sun, Tao, Zhang, Weifeng, Wang, Kedong, Xu, Nan, Ming, Fangfei, Cui, Ping, Zhang, Zhenyu, and Xiao, Xudong

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences
Abstract

Defect engineering to activate the basal planes of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is critical for the development of TMD-based electrocatalysts as the chemical inertness of basal planes restrict their potential applications in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, we report the synthesis and evaluation of few-layer (7x7)-PtTe2-x with an ordered, well-defined and high-density Te vacancy superlattice. Compared with pristine PtTe2, (2x2)-PtTe2-x and Pt(111), (7x7)-PtTe2-x exhibits superior HER activities in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes due to its rich structures of undercoordinated Pt sites. Furthermore, the (7x7)-PtTe2-x sample features outstanding catalytic stability even compared to the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst. Theoretical calculations reveal that the interactions between various undercoordinated Pt sites due to proximity effect can provide superior undercoordinated Pt sites for hydrogen adsorption and water dissociation. This work will enrich the understanding of the relationship between defect structures and electrocatalytic activities and provide a promising route to develop efficient Pt-based TMD electrocatalysts.

Published
2023

37. Electroacupuncture Attenuates Neuropathic Pain in a Rat Model of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy: Involvement of Spinal Cord Synaptic Plasticity

Author

Yang,Pu, Chen,Hai-Yan, Zhang,Xi, Wang,Tian, Li,Ling, Su,Hong, Li,Jing, Guo,Yan-Jun, and Su,Sheng-Yong

Subjects
Journal of Pain Research
Abstract

Pu Yang,1,&ast; Hai-Yan Chen,2,&ast; Xi Zhang,2 Tian Wang,1 Ling Li,2 Hong Su,1 Jing Li,1 Yan-Jun Guo,1 Sheng-Yong Su2,3 1Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China; 2The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China; 3Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Preventive Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Sheng-Yong Su, Email ssy21008@126.comPurpose: Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) is a common neurologic condition that causes chronic neck pain and motor functions, with neuropathic pain (NP) being the primary symptom. Although it has been established that electroacupuncture (EA) can yield an analgesic effect in clinics and synaptic plasticity plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of NP, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the potential mechanisms underlying EA’s effect on synaptic plasticity in CSR rat models.Materials and Methods: The CSR rat model was established by spinal cord compression (SCC). Electroacupuncture stimulation was applied to LI4 (Hegu) and LR3 (Taichong) acupoints for 20 min once a day for 7 days. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) and mechanical pain threshold (MPT) were utilized to detect the pain response of rats. A gait score was used to evaluate the motor function of rats. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to investigate the effects of EA.Results: Our results showed that EA alleviated SCC-induced spontaneous pain and gait disturbance. ELISA showed that EA could decrease the concentration of pain mediators in the cervical nerve root. WB, IHC, and IF results showed that EA could downregulate the expression of synaptic proteins in spinal cord tissues and promote synaptic plasticity. TEM revealed that the EA could reverse the synaptic ultrastructural changes induced by CSR.Conclusion: Our findings reveal that EA can inhibit SCC-induced NP by modulating the synaptic plasticity in the spinal cord and provide the foothold for the clinical treatment of CSR with EA.Keywords: electroacupuncture, synaptic plasticity, cervical spondylotic radiculopathy, spinal dorsal horn

Published
2023

38. A new filter to retrieve co-seismic gravity changes of large earthquakes from GRACE/GRACE-FO observations

Author

Li, Jin, Wang, Song-Yun, Chen, Jianli, and Li, Jing

Abstract

Satellite gravimetry observations have been widely used to study mass change effects due to large earthquakes in the recent two decades. Since the launch of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission in 2002, monthly gravity field solutions from GRACE and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) have been helping quantify deformation effects and better understand geodynamics of gigantic earthquakes, such as the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Mw9.1, 2010 Chile Mw8.8 and 2011 Tohoku-Oki Mw9.0 earthquakes. Usually the spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients in GRACE/GRACE-FO monthly gravity field solutions are contaminated by stripe errors, which hinders reliable detection and interpretation of seismic signals. Thus dedicated filters are necessary to suppress the noise in the retrieval of seismic signals from GRACE observations. Due to the similarity of the co-seismic signals and stripe errors in spatial patterns, the commonly used filters tend to attenuate or distort signals dramatically while suppressing noise. In this study, we propose a new filter by examining the spectral feature of co-seismic signals in the SH domain, which adopts a V-shape weighting matrix to filter the stripe noise, rather than the commonly used isotropic Gaussian weighting matrix. Case studies of the above gigantic earthquakes indicate that the proposed V-shape filter is able to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and better retrieve co-seismic signals. We also carry out tests on the earthquakes with relatively smaller magnitudes (Mw 8.0~8.2) during the GRACE-FO observing period, and find that the new filter surpasses commonly used filters in detecting relatively weaker co-seismic gravity change effects., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Published
2023

39. Downregulation of Ribophorin II Suppresses Tumor Growth, Migration, and Invasion of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma [Retraction]

Author

Hong,Feilong, Li,Yong, Ni,Haifeng, and Li,Jing

Subjects
OncoTargets and Therapy
Abstract

Hong F, Li Y, Ni H, Li J. Onco Targets Ther. 2018;11:3485-3494. We, the Editor and Publisher of OncoTargets and Therapy are retracting the published article. Concerns were raised following the authors request to correct images in Figure 4. It was found some of the images had been duplicated. Specifically, Images from Figure 4A and 4C, Migration and Invasion, siRNA, have been duplicated. When approached for an explanation, the authors were cooperative but were unable to adequately address the concerns raised and could not provide sufficient supporting information. As verifying the validity of published work is core to the integrity of the scholarly record, we are therefore retracting the article. The authors listed in this publication have been informed. We have been informed in our decision-making by our editorial policies and the COPE guidelines. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”.

Published
2023

40. Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by activating the neutrophil chemotaxis in the tumour microenvironment

Author

Zhi-Chen, Guo, Si-Li, Jing, Sakendeke, Jumatai, and Zhong-Cheng, Gong

Subjects
Cancer Research, Oncology, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract

We aimed to determine the significance of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in promoting tumour progression in the tumour microenvironment (TME) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used to screen out the differentially expressed genes from the two datasets of GEO138206 and GSE87539. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis of samples, cell biological behaviour experiments, and tumour-bearing animal experiments were used to verify the results in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism was revealed at the molecular level, and rescue experiments were carried out by using inhibitors and lentiviruses.CXCL2 was selected by bioinformatics analysis and was found to be related to a poor prognosis in OSCC patients. Samples with P. gingivalis infection in the TME of OSCC had the strongest cell invasion and proliferation and the largest tumour volume in tumour-bearing animal experiments and exhibited JAK1/STAT3 signalling pathway activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The expression of P. gingivalis, CXCL2 and TANs were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in OSCC patients. A CXCL2/CXCR2 signalling axis inhibitor significantly decreased the invasion and proliferation ability of cells and the tumour volume in mice. When lentivirus was used to block the CXCL2/CXCR2 signalling axis, the activity of the JAK1/STAT3 signalling pathway was decreased, and the phenotype of EMT was reversed.Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes OSCC progression by recruiting TANs via activation of the CXCL2/CXCR2 axis in the TME of OSCC.

Published
2022

41. Genetic Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Gene Features of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Epidemics in Guiyang, Southwest China

Author

Yang,SuWen, Wang,Bing, Li,Jing, Zhao,Xue, Zhu,Yan, Sun,Qian, Liu,HongMei, and Wen,XiaoJun

Subjects
Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases, Infection and Drug Resistance, Pharmacology (medical)
Abstract

SuWen Yang,1– 3,&ast; Bing Wang,2,4,5,&ast; Jing Li,6 Xue Zhao,7 Yan Zhu,8 Qian Sun,9 HongMei Liu,2,4,5 XiaoJun Wen1 1School of Basic Medical Sciences, Basic Medical School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People’s Republic of China; 2Engineering Research Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, People’s Republic of China; 3People’s Hospital of Kaiyang, Guiyang, 550300, People’s Republic of China; 4Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, People’s Republic of China; 5School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Microbial Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, 550002, People’s Republic of China; 8Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, 550002, People’s Republic of China; 9Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, 550002, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: XiaoJun Wen; HongMei Liu, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People’s Republic of China, Email 2547285543@qq.com; hmliu@gmc.edu.cnPurpose: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common pathogens of community- and hospital-acquired infections, and its prevalence is increasing globally. Guiyang is the capital city of Guizhou Province, Southwest China; as the transport and tourism centre of Southwest China, Guizhou Province is bordered by Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing, and Guangxi Provinces. Although MRSA prevalence is increasing, little is known about its aspects in the area. The purpose of this study was to analyse MRSA molecular characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence genes in Guiyang.Methods: In total, 209 MRSA isolates from four hospitals (2019– 2020) were collected and analysed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular classification by the MLST, spa, and SCCmec typing methods. Isolate antibiotic resistance rates were detected by a drug susceptibility assays. PCR amplification was used to detect the virulence gene-carrying status.Results: Twenty-four STs, including 4 new STs (ST7346, ST7347, ST7348, and ST7247) and 3 new allelic mutations, were identified based on MLST. The major prevalent ST type and clone complex were ST59 (49.8%) and CC59 (62.7%), respectively. Spa type t437 (42.1%) and SCCmec IV (55.5%) were identified by spa and SCCmec typing methods as the most important types. Drug sensitivity data showed that the multidrug resistance rate was 79.0%. There were significant differences in multidrug resistance rates and virulence gene-carrying rates for seb, hla, hlb, cna and bap between ST59 and non-ST59 types.Conclusion: ST59-SCCmecIV-t437 is a major epidemic clone in Guiyang that should be monitored by local medical and health institutions. The situation differs from other adjacent or middle provinces of China, which may be due to the special geographical location of the region and the trend in antibiotic use or lifestyle. This study provides empirical evidence for local medical and health departments to prevent and control the spread of MRSA.Keywords: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, multilocus sequence type, MLST, Staphylococcal protein A type, SPA, Staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec type, SCCmec, multidrug-resistant organism, virulence gene

Published
2022

43. Determination of the components of danyikangtai powder into the plasma and its pharmacodynamic study

Author

Li, Jing-Wei, Zhang, Yu-Meng, Zhao, Chun-Jie, Zhao, Min, and Huang, Yi-He

Subjects
Pharmacology, Complementary and alternative medicine, Organic Chemistry, Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Science, Molecular Medicine, General Medicine, Analytical Chemistry
Abstract

Danyikangtai powder has a definite therapeutic effect on pancreatitis. However, the internal mechanism is unclear. The purpose of this experiment is to quickly identify the blood components of danyikangtai powder and evaluate its efficacy. 25 blood components were identified by comparing the components with the same mass spectrometry information from in vivo and in vitro samples. The AR42J cells of the pancreatitis model were treated with drug-containing plasma, and the drug efficacy was evaluated by investigating the amylase release rate. This study provides a scientific reference for its pharmacological research and rational clinical application.

Published
2022

46. Research on the Paths of Digital Economy to Promote the Low-carbon Development of China's Energy Industry

Author

Li Jing and Zhao Jing

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health
Abstract

At present, China's energy industry is undergoing revolutionary changes, in a critical period of new and old kinetic energy conversion and low-carbon transformation, of which the digital economy plays an important role in energy supply, green consumption and clean production. In the face of the problems of heavy secondary industry structure, coal energy consumption, low energy utilization efficiency, and insufficient supply of key minerals of new energy in China's energy industry in the low-carbon transformation, we should actively use the digital economy to promote a high degree of integration between the digital economy and the energy industry, consolidate the digital infrastructure of the energy industry, improve the independent innovation ability of key technologies in the energy industry, promote the low-carbon and green development of China's energy industry.

Published
2022

50. Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Author

Herrington, William G, Staplin, Natalie, Wanner, Christoph, Green, Jennifer B, Hauske, Sibylle J, Emberson, Jonathan R, Preiss, David, Judge, Parminder, Mayne, Kaitlin J, Ng, Sarah Y A, Sammons, Emily, Zhu, Doreen, Hill, Michael, Stevens, Will, Wallendszus, Karl, Brenner, Susanne, Cheung, Alfred K, Liu, Zhi-Hong, Li, Jing, Hooi, Lai Seong, Liu, Wen, Kadowaki, Takashi, Nangaku, Masaomi, Levin, Adeera, Cherney, David, Maggioni, Aldo P, Pontremoli, Roberto, Deo, Rajat, Goto, Shinya, Rossello, Xavier, Tuttle, Katherine R, Steubl, Dominik, Petrini, Michaela, Massey, Dan, Eilbracht, Jens, Brueckmann, Martina, Landray, Martin J, Baigent, Colin, Haynes, Richard, The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group: Colin Baigent, Martin J Landray, Christoph Wanner, William G Herrington, Richard Haynes, Jennifer B Green, Sibylle J Hauske, Martina Brueckmann, Mark Hopley, Maximillian von-Eynatten, Jyothis George, Susanne Brenner, Alfred K Cheung, David Preiss, Zhi-Hong Liu, Jing Li, Laiseong Hooi, Wen Liu, Takashi Kadowaki, Masaomi Nangaku, Adeera Levin, David Cherney, Roberto Pontremoli, Aldo P Maggioni, Natalie Staplin, Jonathan Emberson, Stefan Hantel, Shinya Goto, Rajat Deo, Katherine R Tuttle, Michael Hill, Parminder Judge, Kaitlin J Mayne, Sarah Y A Ng, Xavier Rossello, Emily Sammons, Doreen Zhu, Peter Sandercock, Rudolf Bilous, Charles Herzog, Paul Whelton, Janet Wittes, Derrick Bennett, Patricia Achiri, Chrissie Ambrose, Cristina Badin, Jill Barton, Richard Brown, Andy Burke, Sebastian Butler, Rejive Dayanandan, Pia Donaldson, Robert Dykas, Lucy Fletcher, Kate Frederick, Hannah Kingston, Mo Gray, Emily Harding, Akiko Hashimoto, Lyn Howie, Susan Hurley, Ryonfa Lee, Nik Luker, Kevin Murphy, Mariko Nakahara, John Nolan, Michelle Nunn, Sorcha Mulligan, Akiko Omata, Sandra Pickworth, YanRu Qiao, Shraddha Shah, Karen Taylor, Alison Timadjer, Monique Willett, Liz Wincott, Qin Yan, Hui Yu, Louise Bowman, Fang Chen, Robert Clarke, Michelle Goonasekera, Waseem Karsan, Marion Mafham, Christina Reith, Mohammed Zayed, Ritva Ellison, Rowan Moys, Will Stevens, Kevin Verdel, Karl Wallendszus, Chris Bowler, Anna Brewer, Andy Measor, Guanguo Cui, Charles Daniels, Angela Field, Bob Goodenough, Ashley Lawson, Youcef Mostefai, Dheeptha Radhakrishnan, Samee Syed, Shuang Xia, Ruth Adewuyi-Dalton, Thomas Arnold, Anne-Marie Beneat, Anoushka Bhatt, Chloe Bird, Andrew Breach, Laura Brown, Mark Caple, Tatyana Chavagnon, Karen Chung, Sarah Clark, Luminita Condurache, Katarzyna Eichstadt, Marta Espino Obrero, Scarlett Forest, Helen French, Nick Goodwin, Andrew Gordon, Joanne Gordon, Cat Guest, Tina Harding, Michal Hozak, Matthew Lacey, David MacLean, Louise Messinger, Stewart Moffat, Martin Radley, Claire Shenton, Sarah Tipper, Jon Tyler, Lesley Weaving, James Wheeler, Elissa Williams, Tim Williams, Hamish Woodhouse, Angela Chamberlain, Jo Chambers, Joanne Davies, Denise Donaldson, Pati Faria-Shayler, Denise Fleming-Brown, Jennifer Ingell, Carol Knott, Anna Liew, Helen Lochhead, Juliette Meek, Isabel Rodriguez-Bachiller, Andrea Wilson, Patrick Zettergren, Rach AitSadi, Ian Barton, Alex Baxter, Yonghong Bu, Lukasz Danel, Sonja Grotjahn, Rijo Kurien, Michael Lay, Archie Maskill, Aleksandra Murawska, Rachel Raff, Allen Young, Rebecca Sardell, Vladimir Cejka, Marcela Fajardo-Moser, Christian Hartner, Doris Poehler, Janina Renner, Franziska Scheidemantel, Miya Bryant, Anita Hepditch, Cassandra Johnson, Erin Latore, Yolanda Miller, Lauren Price, Merilee Whalen, Ashleigh Wheeler, Jenny Ingell, Yu An, Yinghua Chen, Peiling Chen, Hao Dai, Hong Du, Fang Feng, Qing Guo, Libo Hou, Wuhanbilige Hundei, Binbin Jin, Yan Li, Jiamin Liu, Xia Song, Yanping Wang, Yanwu Yu, Ning Zhang, Lingshan Zhao, Hui Zhong, Cheng Beng Goh, Ye Mun Low, Soon Yi Sor, Farah Hanis Zulkipli, Sarojini Sivanandam, Natsuki Arai, Ai Fukasawa, Mizue Furukawa, Keisuke Habuki, Shoko Hayashi, Wakako Isari, Saki Kanegae, Maria Kawai, Reiki Kobayashi, Takako Kuramae, Chika Kuribayashi, Sawako Maeno, Satoshi Masumoto, Tomoko Morisaki, Minoru Oda, Kazue Sawada, Kenta Sugamori, Ayana Tatsuzawa, Aiko Tomita, Kazuyuki Yuasa, Hiroko Inazawa, Amanda Axler, Kerri Gallo, Ester Baldini, Barbara Bartolomei Mecatti, Francesca Bianchini, Martina Ceseri, Laura Cipressa, Gianna Fabbri, Andrea Lorimer, Donata Lucci, Sharang Ghavampour, Anja Knoppe, Hans Schmidt-Gurtler, Hubert Dumann, Sybille Merscher, Margret Patecki, Georg Rainer Schlieper, Anke Torp, Bianca Weber, Maja Zietz, Bernd Hohenstein, Urs Benck, Diliana Draganova, Thomas Weinreich, Lothar Wolf, Jasmine Gaidu, Hanna Reiner, Mandy Visnjic, Daniel Steffl, Marie Breitenfeldt, Annette Kraemer-Guth, Christine Braun, Simone Hagge, Michael Schomig, Stephan Matthias, Dominik Stoffler, Beate Schumacher, Thomas Sitter, Louise Fuessl, Julia Krappe, Jerome Loutan, Volker Vielhauer, Luciano Andriaccio, Magdalena Maurer, Bernhard Winkelmann, Martin Dursch, Linda Seifert, Linda Tenbusch, Julia Weinmann-Menke, Simone Boedecker, Wiebke Kaluza-Schilling, Daniel Kraus, Carina Krieger, Margit Schmude, Anne Schreiber, Ewelina Eckrich, Diethelm Tschope, Abdulwahab Arbi, Young Lee-Barkey, Bernd Stratmann, Natalie Prib, Sina Rolfsmeier, Irina Schneider, Lars Rump, Johannes Stegbauer, Christine Pötz, Mara Schemmelmann, Claudia Schmidt, Michael Koch, Sendogan Aker, Annika Küpper, Manuela Martin, Thiemo Pfab, Christian Albert, Michael Haase, Barbara Zander, Claudia Schneider-Danwitz, Wolfgang Seeger, Wolf-Adam Seeger, Britta Zemann, Christoph Stellbrink, Kristin Marx, Ekaterina Stellbrink, Britta Brettschneider, Stephanie Watson, Marion Iselt, Gerhard Klausmann, Inga-Nadine Kummer, Auguste Kutschat, Simone Streitenberger, Matthias Girndt, Silke Markau, Ina Girakossyan, Claudia Hanf, Joachim Beige, Ralph Wendt, Ulrike Schmidt, Andreas Schneider, Roland Veelken, Claudia Donhauser, Luis Becker, Nexhat Miftari, Ricarda Wolfling, Sarah Morlok, Christian Hugo, Alexander Paliege, Jens Passauer, Julian Stumpf, Annegret Fleischer, Kerstin Haaser, Bernhard Kraemer, Jan Jochims, Bernd Kruger, Claudia Foellinger, Anastassiya Reisler, Frank Strutz, Stefan Haack, Ursula Hohenstatt, Martin Busch, Konstantin Herfurth, Gunter Wolf, Rainer Paul, Hermann Haller, Jessica Kaufeld, Jan Menne, Elisabeth Bahlmann-Kroll, Angela Bergner, Horst Weihprecht, Aydin Er, Florian Sonntag, Elif Turan, Michael Wittmann, Franziska Klauser, Eva Voigt, Volker Schettler, Egbert Schulz, Madlen Rohnstock, Elke Schettler, Bernd Schroppel, Rene van Erp, Martin Kachele, Ulla Ludwig, Lena Schulte-Kemna, Waltraud Kmietschak, Elke Preiss, Martina Ruocco, Gunnar Heine, Martin Brzoska, Sebastian Gabel, Christina Büttner, Asma Sabarai, Bernhard Banas, Tobias Bergler, Yvonne Ehrl, Franz Putz, Antonia Schuster, Stefanie Kuhn, Torsten Schramm, Stefan Degenhardt, Gerhard Schmidt, Lea Weiland, Ulrike Giebeln-Hudnell, Jan Kielstein, Gabriele Eden, Brigitte Fuchs, Gina Morig, Manuela Winkler, Harald Darius, Charalampos Kriatselis, Carl-Philipp Roesch, Astrid Maselli, Dominik Alscher, Markus Ketteler, Moritz Schanz, Severin Schricker, Bianka Rettenmaier, Andrea Schwab, Pablo Pergola, Irene Leal, Melissa Cagle, Anna Romo, Anthony Torres, Sucharit Joshi, Kulli Barrett, Alexis Africano, Vicki Dodds, Dorleena Gowen, Ashlee Morris, Juan Fernandez, Guillermo Jimenez, Ricardo Viera, Kendaling Bruce, Ryan Barrios, Maylin Garcia, Kerelyn Garcia, Iradis Leal, David Tietjen, David Bains, Carlo Castillo, Genielle Brewer, Justin Davis, Natalie Freking, Brittany Golson, Sally Ham, Jesslyn Roesch, Pusadee Suchinda, Shameem Beigh, Usah Lilavivat, Joyce Bilton, Kim Bocchicchia, Jeffrey Turner, Neera Dahl, Aldo Peixoto, Yasemin Kavak, Lauren Liberti, Hari Nair, Nicolas Page, Stephanie Rosenberg, Kathryn Simmons, Tamara Isakova, Rebecca Frazier, Rupal Mehta, Anand Srivastava, Patrick Fox, Jonathan Hecktman, Alexander Hodakowski, Carlos Martinez, Rachel Phillips, Alexis Stevenson, Reem Mustafa, Kyle Jansson, Cassandra Kimber, Jason Stubbs, Ahmad Tuffaha, Sri Yarlagadda, Debbie Griffin, Elisabeth Laundy, Zhuo Tang, Radica Alicic, Ann Cooper, Lisa Davis, Ashwini Gore, Rebecca Goldfaden, Leslie Harvill, Lisa Hichkad, Barry Johns, Thomas Jones, Kayla Merritt, Jennifer Sheldon, Jennifer Stanfield, Lindsay Alexander, Kaitlyn Preston, Lindsey Wood, Rajesh Pradhan, Roger DeRaad, Kelli McIntosh, Louis Raymond, Michael Shepperd, Susan McLaughlin, Mary Seifert, Andrew Shepherd, Joseph Aiello, William Durham, Laurie Loudermilk, John Manley, Sabrina Burnette, Stephanie Evans, Tara Johnson, Lance Sloan, Judy Ann Acosta, Stacy Gillham, Katia Sloan, SueAnn Squyres, Michael Rocco, Amret Hawfield, Ben Bagwell, Lauren Richmond, Joseph Soufer, Subha Clarke, Amanda Aliu, Kristine Calabrese, Amanda Davis, Veronica Poma, Tracy Spinola, James Magee, Ricardo Silva, Rushab Choksi, Lorraine Dajani, John Evans, Anil George, Prasanth Krish, Gerard Martins, Mae Sheikh-Ali, David Sutton, Freda Driver, Abraham Hanburry, Laura Hume, Amber Hurst, Matthew Taddeo, Marla Turner, Veronica Yousif, Srinivasan Beddhu, Laith Al-Rabadi, Nikita Abraham, Amalia Caamano, Judy Carle, Victoria Gonce, Kaitlyn Staylor, Na Zhou, Shweta Bansal, Manoj Bhattarai, Kumar Sharma, Subrata Debnath, Aliseiya Garza, Chakradhar Velagapudi, Sergio Rovner, Javier Almeida, Pablo Casares, Verlaine Stewart-Ray, Rene Almaraz, Renata Dayrell, Ana Moncada, Ricardo Pulido, Roxana Rodriquez, Wasim Deeb, Kathryn DeGoursey, Rodel Gloria, Trevor Greene, Robert Miller, Edward Pereira, Miguel Roura, Debbie Domingo, Sasha Dorestin, William Hodge, Cathy Jackson, Deborah Lund, Katrina Taylor, Kenneth Boren, Brittany Cleveland, Sandra Gaiser, Mandeep Sahani, Logan Aldrich, Exodus Edmerson, Edmond Limon, Cole Valletta, Patricia Vasquez, Christopher Provenzano, Navkiranjot Brar, Heather Henderson, Bellovich Keith, Qur Khai, Quresh Khairullah, Gail Makos, Joel Topf, Sherry Gasko, Rosemarie Henschel, Kaitlin Knapp, Teresa Kozlowski, Paula LaFleur, Ashwathy Varughese, Hui Xue, Patricia Wu, Olga Arechiga, Shan Darbeau, Michael Fechter, Stephanie Martinez, Lenita Hanson, Nyla Cooper, Arelis Madera, Jay Cadorna, Rita Sheridan, Helen Sparks, Bradley Eilerman, Susanne Bodine, Wael Eid, Rebecca Flora, Amber Avery, Cashmere Hardy, Mihaela Biscoveanu, Steven Nagelberg, Tracey Cummins, Frederic Rahbari-Oskoui, Anju Oommen, Zohreh Forghani, Stacie Hitchcock, Darya Hosein, Diane Watkins, Minesh Patel, Anthony Lambert, Elizabeth Newman, Autumn Wood, Tammy Ross, Stephany Topping, Jeffrey Mulhern, Lorna Murphy, Ann Vasseur, Gregory Greenwood, Alexander Hadley, Denise Laurienti, Christopher Marshall, Nicholas McLean, Scott Satko, Brandy Caudill, Jacob Maris, Janice Rogers, Cindy Vanhoy, George Thomas, Georges Nakhoul, John O'Toole, Jonathan Taliercio, Leslie Cooperman, Marina Markovic, Barbara Tucky, Devasmita Dev, Alia Hasan, Hima Yalamanchili, Namita Jain, Lesley McNeil, Eric Wines, Jean Park, Adline Ghazi, Mia Hamm, Tejas Patel, Amy Mottl, Emily Chang, Vimal Derebail, Emmie Cole, Anne Froment, Sara Kelley, Jordan Osmond Foster, Vahid Mahabadi, Golriz Jafari, Anita Kamarzarian, Wendy Arriaga, Daisy Arteaga, Rosario Machicado, Genesis Naverrete, Prashant Kumar, Imran Nazeer, Karina Urquia, Tammi Glider, Vickie Jones, Savannah Rucker, Jennifer Wiley, Rahul Pandey, Jesus Arroyo, Harish Pariani, Mohammad Ahmad, Shahin Mozaffari, Erika Perez, Matthew Budoff, Sion Roy, Divya Birudaraju, Ahmed Ghanem, Sajad Hamal, Stephen Aronoff, Elisa Joye Petr, Richard Sachson, Jaime Wiebel, Sana Akram, Laurie Jones, Curtis Knight, Maurie Tarlac, Shahbaz Ahmed, Harold Szerlip, Akinwande Akinfolarin, Ankit Mehta, Shana Camp, Cindy Castro, Zanaida Cooper, Jessica Terry, Ahmed Awad, Bhavya Kothapalli, Ryan Lustig, Serine Alfaress, Hyder Jasim, Mary Parrigon, Dennis Karounos, Sadiq Ahmed, Maggie Berry, Ruth Oremus, Carlos Hernandez-Cassis, Elias Ugwu, Nazia Junejo, Nancy Suazo, Mark Segal, Amir Kazory, Sherry Brown, Tristan Daniels, Sofia Dayi, Renee Hogan, Kathy McCray, Jennifer Stickley, Mahboob Rahman, Mirela Dobre, Lavinia Negrea, Aparna Padiyar, Nishigandha Pradhan, Arash Rashidi, Nagaraju Sarabu, Vicki Donley, Tricia Young, Godson Oguchi, Judepatricks Onyema, Kahla Damianik, Jack Dienes, Judith Plummer-Morgan, Marilyn Roman, Mauver Skipper, Stacey-Ann Villaruel, Krystle Williams, Danny Sugimoto, Jeffrey Dugas, Ismeal Ahmed, Jamie Bhairoo, Dolores Rijos, Huzaifa Salim, Madita Gavrila, Kathryn Lafferty, Ria Rabara, Sally Ruse, Maria Weetman, James Bushnell, Albert Power, Alison Jenkins, Stefanie Jones, Amanda Scott, Cath Byrne, Mark Jesky, Alison Cowley, Emma McHaffie, Holly Waterfall, Jo Taylor, Laura Bough, Thomas Phillips, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Sui Phin Kon, Iain MacDougall, Eirini Lioudaki, Sapna Shah, Claire Sharpe, Francisco Aguilar, Abegail Hernandez Pena, Conception Pugay, Amelia Te, Hugh Finn, Wasim Hanif, Samiul Mostafa, Alice Aitken, Katharine Draxlbauer, Evelina Grobovaite, Jennifer Kearney, Theresa McCarthy, Giorgio Gentile, Duncan Browne, Palanichamy Chellamuthu, Tabinda Dugal, Terri Chant, Laura Jones, Emily Laity, Megan Miners, James Muir, Elizabeth Swanson, Andrew Frankel, James Tomlinson, Marlon Alegata, Rashid Almasarwah, Anthoula Apostolidi, Maria Vourvou, Thomas Walters, Maarten Taal, Hari Dukka, Nitin Kolhe, Carly McDonald, Kelly White, Shiva Ugni, Smita Gunda, Rotimi Oluyombo, Vicki Brindle, Ping Coutts, Tracy Fuller, Evelyn Nadar, Suresh Ramadoss, Nichola Motherwell, Susannah Pajak, Louise Tonks, Sunil Bhandari, Richard Bodington, Adil Hazara, Dominic Fellowes, Christopher Wong, Christopher Goldsmith, Sherald Barnes, Ann Bennett, Claire Burston, Samantha Hope, Nicola Hunt, Lini Kurian, Richard Fish, Daniela Farrugia, Judy Lee, Emma Sadler, Hannah Turner, Christopher Hill, Henry Brown, Agnes Masengu, Peter Maxwell, Nina Bleakley, Hugh Murtagh, William Petchey, Vivian Yiu, Joanne Kellett, Angharad Williams, Helen Clarke, Victoria Carnall, Sarah Benyon, Caroline Blake, Stephanie Estcourt, Jane Piper, Neal Morgan, Carolyn Hutchinson, Teresa McKinley, Alastair Woodman, Judi Graham, Niall Leonard, John Smyth, Vicki Adell, Samantha Hagan, Ben Caplin, Amin Oomatia, Eleanor Damian, Toluleyi Sobande, Tim Doulton, Michael Delaney, Mahmoud Montasser, Jenny Hansen, David Loader, Angela Moon, Frances Morris, Smeeta Sinha, Chukwuma Chukwu, Amy Hudson, Diane Campbell, Melanie Kershaw, Stephanie Whittaker, Ayesha Irtiza-Ali, Farid Ghalli, Heba Nosseir, Allison Leslie, Kate Trivedi, Donald Fraser, Mohammad Alhadj Ali, Sian Griffin, Farah Latif, Justyna Witczak, Alexa Wonnacott, Lynda Jeffers, Yvette Webley, Paul Phelan, Eve Miller-Hodges, Ailsa Geddes, Margaret Glenwright, Amy Hunter, Thomas Pickett, Jim Moriarty, Linda Hill, Amanda Tyler, Waqar Ayub, Gail Evans, Sue Hewins, Davina Hewitt, Kerry Read, Samira Bell, Leanne Cosgrove, Rachel Craik, Shona Murray, Nitin Bhandary, Holly Coles, Rashmi Easow, Maya Joseph, Arif Khwaja, Yvonne Jackson, Angeline Mbuyisa, Rachel Sellars, Nihil Chitalia, Cynthia Mohandas, Anca Gherman, Charlotte Kamundi, Olumide Olufuwa, Kieran McCafferty, Adedolapo Adeleke, Cara Healy, Damini Jeyarajah, Edward Kinsella-Perks, Richard Smith, Brian Camilleri, Carol Buckman, Jenny Finch, Vanessa Rivers, Andrew Connor, Sheila Carr, Lisa Shainberg, Andrew Lewington, Richard Baker, Suzannah Dorey, Kay Tobin, Rosalyn Wheatley, Debasish Banerjee, Richard Hull, Sharirose Abat, Riny Paul, Mahzuz Karim, Zay Htet, Saad Tufail, Ravi Varma, Karen Convery, Deirdre Fottrell-Gould, Lisa Hudig, Emily Tropman, Thahir Abdul-Samad, Anne Grace, Marie Phipps, Rebecca Suckling, Subash Somalanka, Bhrigu Sood, Pauline Swift, Sarah Acheampong, Kwame Ansu, Martia Augustin, Anna Sampson, Lynn Vinall, Kim Wren, Shamila Wanninayake, Nicholas Wooding, Heather Edwards, Lydia Owen, Stephanie Bolton, Marion Carson, Michael Matthews, Nigel Brunskill, Jorge Jesus-Silva, Alex Howson, Mary Quashie-Akponeware, Hilary Tindall, Chidambaram Nethaji, Helen Eldon, Rajan Patel, Patrick Mark, Alastair Rankin, Michael Sullivan, Kirsty Forsyth, Rowan McDougall, Tanaji Dasgupta, Louisa Davies, Maggie Ryder, Philip Grimmer, Clare Macdonald, Mary Webster, Newcastle Newcastle, Timothy Ellam, Edwin Wong, Christine Meshykhi, Andrea Webster, Peter Wilson, Enric Vilar, Jocelyn Berdeprado, Eunice Doctolero, Lily Wilkinson, Frank McCarroll, Hesham Ammar, Ying Kuan, Conor Moran, Girish Shivashankar, Ryan Campbell, Deborah Glowski, Paula McDermott, Amar Ali, Zuber Patel, Christine Bond, Gillian Whalley, Haitao Zhang, Liu Yang, Lihua Zhang, Tingting Kan, Ling Zhu, Jinghong Zhao, Weiping Hou, Jing Wu, Hong Cheng, Weijing Bian, Zhirui Zhao, Fengmin Shao, Huixia Cao, Xiaojing Jiao, Peiyuan Niu, Jianying Niu, Yu Chen, Lihong Zhang, Shenglang Zhu, Haiyan Lin, Shaopeng Yao, Jiehui Chen, Ying Jiang, Ying Hu, Huaying Xiao, Fuye Yang, Xinzhou Zhang, Baochun Guo, Qiu Jin, Lixia Liu, Xiangcheng Xiao, Yanyun Xie, Ting Meng, Chuanwen Xu, Jie Huang, Yanmei Xu, Weixin Kong, Xiaoliang Wang, Qianpan Liu, Xueying Wang, Ming Gao, Xiumei Hu, Ying Lu, Li Wang, Kun Peng, Wei Wang, Qiuhong Gong, Jianfang Cai, Xiaojue Li, Xuejiao Liu, Shuhan Zhou, Hong Liu, Yao Weng, Shuai Tang, Yao Yao, Shi Zhao, Chen Cheng, Wei Wei, Na Li, Sadanah Aqashiah Mazlan, Alia Zubaidah Bahtar, Elliyyin Katiman, Noraini Othman, Lily Mushahar, Nurdiana Mazlan, Nur Sharafina Safiee, Sarasa Ramasamy, Hin Seng Wong, Hajar Ahmad Rosdi, Esther Zhao Zhi Tan, Ju Fan Tay, Kok Seng Teng, Hasnah Yahaya, Wen Jiun Liu, Lik Wee Ee, Kenneth Kay Leong Khoo, Yuana Mohd Yusoff, Fariz Safhan Mohamad Nor, Mohd Kamil Ahmad, Mohd Ramli Seman, Clare Hui Hong Tan, Laura Lui Sian Ngu, Jaime Yoke May Chan, Javelin Peji, Chek Loong Loh, Yee Yan Lee, Sridhar Ramanaidu, Kah Mean Thong, Yik Hong Wong, Suria Junus, Chen Hua Ching, Mohammad Faisal Asmee, Ku Ruziana Ku Md Razi, Chun Leong Low, Christopher Sze Bing Sim, Zhang Duan Tham, Noor Kamila Abdullah, Tai Meng Chen, Yong Chieh Chan, Eason Chang, Huan Yean Kang, Kai Quan Lee, Sue Ann Lee, Aik Kheng Lee, Jeevika Vinathan, Rizna Abdul 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Kaori, Takeoka, Jun, Tanaka, Nagaaki, Tanigaki, Katsuya, Toda, Naohiro, Watanabe, Koin, Komori, Hiromi, Kumuji, Rika, Takesada, Asako, Tanaka, Aya, Maruyama, Shoichi, Hasegawa, Tomonori, Ishiguro, Akiko, Ishimoto, Takuji, Ito, Kazuhiro, Kamimura, Yutaka, Kato, Noritoshi, Kato, Sawako, Kojima, Hiroshi, Kosugi, Tomoki, Maeda, Kayaho, Mizuno, Masasi, Saito, Shoji, Sato, Hitomi, Sato, Yuka, Suzuki, Yasuhiro, Tanaka, Akihito, Yasuda, Yoshinari, Hasegawa, Fujiko, Hayashi, Maiko, Higashi, Shizuka, Shimamura, Kaho, Sumi, Momoko, Tajima, Kazuki, Unekawa, Chimaki, Wakayama, Kana, Wakita, Yukiko, Otani, Takatoshi, Imai, Ayako, Kawashima, Sayaka, Kogure, Eri, Sato, Tomoe, Takezawa, Misato, Yoshida, Shinya, Araki, Hideo, Katsuda, Yuko, Konishi, Masahiro, Matsunaga, Takahiro, Oe, Masashi, Ogane, Kunihiro, Sakai, Masato, Takahashi, Tomoko, Yamano, Takahiro, Yokoyama, Takuya, Ito, Hitomi, Katayama, Masayo, Kuroda, Emi, Ikeda, Toru, Kojo, Takuma, Yoshidome, Etsuo, Mizumachi, Rieko, Yamamoto, Akane, Yamasaki, Narihisa, Yamasaki, Yoshihiko, Wada, Jun, Eguchi, Jun, Higuchi, Chigusa, Katayama, Akihiro, Kinomura, Masaru, Kitagawa, Masashi, Kitamura, Shinji, Miyamoto, Satoshi, Morinaga, Hiroshi, Nakatsuka, Atsuko, Nojima, Ichiro, Shikata, Kenichi, Sugiyama, Hitoshi, Tanabe, Katsuyuki, Tsuji, Kenji, Uchida, Haruhito, Watanabe, Mayu, Hashimoto, Chie, Kato, Takahiro, Yamamoto, Sayaka, Wada, Takehiko, Fukagawa, Masafumi, Hamano, Naoto, Koizumi, Masahiro, Komaba, Hirotaka, Nakagawa, Yosuke, Iwamoto, Michiyo, Masutani, Kosuke, Katanosaka, Akane, Kiyota, Mayu, Uchi, Hikari, Ueda, Yuka, Yamamoto, Sonoka, Nagasu, Hajime, Itano, Seiji, Iwakura, Tsukasa, Kadoya, Hiroyuki, Kanda, Eiichiro, Kashihara, Naoki, Kidokoro, Kengo, Kondo, Megumi, Sasaki, Tamaki, Satoh, Minoru, Tokuyama, Atsuyuki, Umeno, Reina, Wada, Yoshihisa, Yamamoto, Toshiya, Yamanouchi, Yu, Abe, Masumi, Inukai, Yoko, Ogawa, Wataru, Asahara, Shunichiro, Fujii, Hideki, Goto, Shunsuke, Hirota, Yushi, Hosooka, Tetsuya, Kono, Keiji, Nishi, Shinichi, Okada, Yuko, Sakaguchi, Kazuhiko, Sugawara, Kenji, Takahashi, Michiko, Takai, Tomoko, Tamori, Yoshikazu, Watanabe, Kentaro, Kitajima, Miyu, Nishi, Misaki, Wada, Junko, Ito, Yasuhiko, Kamiya, Hideki, Asai, Akimasa, Asai, Nao, Asano, Saeko, Banno, Shogo, Ejima, Yohei, Hase, Hanako, Hayami, Tomohide, Himeno, Tatsuhito, Ishikawa, Takahiro, Ito, Mayumi, Iwagaitsu, Shiho, Kasagi, Rina, Kato, Yoshiro, Kato, Makoto, Kato, Koichi, Katsuno, Takayuki, Kawai, Miyuka, Kinashi, Hiroshi, Kondo, Masaki, Koshino, Masako, Matsuoka, Naoya, Morishita, Yoshiaki, Motegi, Mikio, Nakamura, Jiro, Shimoda, Hiromi, Sugiyama, Hirokazu, Tsunekawa, Shin, Yamaguchi, Makoto, Takahashi, Kazuyo, Watada, Hirotaka, Funayama, Takashi, Furukawa, Yasuhiko, Gohda, Tomohito, Goto, Hiromasa, Kaga, Hideyoshi, Kanaguchi, Yasuhiko, Kanazawa, Akio, Kaneko, Kayo, Kano, Toshiki, Kihara, Masao, Kimura, Shogo, Kobayashi, Takashi, Maiguma, Masayuki, Makita, Yuko, Mano, Satoshi, Mita, Tomoya, Miyatsuka, Takeshi, Murakoshi, Maki, Muto, Masahiro, Nakata, Masami, Nakata, Junichiro, Nishida, Yuya, Nohara, Nao, Ogihara, Takeshi, Sato, Daisuke, Sato, Junko, Sato, Hiroaki, Suzuki, Yusuke, Suzuki, Ruka, Suzuki, Hitoshi, Takagi, Miyuki, Tamura, Yoshifumi, Uchida, Toyoyoshi, Ueda, Seiji, Asawa, Miki, Miyaji, Minako, Nagashima, Eri, Shibata, Yoshie, Yanagisawa, Eri, Yamauchi, Toshimasa, Hirakawa, Yosuke, Nishi, Hiroshi, Shojima, Nobuhiro, Horikawa, Satoko, Nakayama, Yukiko, Yamada, Naoko, Omori, Yuki, Yano, Shintaro, Ioka, Miyabi, Kuwabara, Nahoko, Nagano, Remi, Nozawa, Megumi, Osawa, Yumi, Maegawa, Hiroshi, Kume, Shinji, Araki, Shinichi, Miyazawa, Itsuko, Morino, Katsutaro, Kawai, Ikuko, Sobata, Masumi, Takaoka, Motoko, Iwaita, Yasushi, Udagawa, Takashi, Inamori, Ami, Kawase, Aya, Yamanaka, Aya, Shimano, Hitoshi, Fujita, Akiko, Iwasaki, Hitoshi, Kai, Hirayasu, Osaki, Yoshinori, Saito, Chie, Sekiya, Motohiro, Tsunoda, Ryoya, Yamagata, Kunihiro, Nakamura, Rikako, Yamada, Aiko, Ohsugi, Mitsuru, Awazawa, Motoharu, Bouchi, Ryotaro, Hashimoto, Shota, Hashimoto, Makiko, Hisatake, Tomoko, Ihana, Noriko, Ishizuka, Koko, Izumi, Kazuo, Kajio, Hiroshi, Kobayashi, Michi, Kodani, Noriko, Maruyama, Koji, Matsumoto, Michihiro, Matsushita, Maya, Nakamura, Tomoka, Sugiyama, Takehiro, Tanabe, Akiyo, Terakawa, Aiko, Ueki, Kojiro, Orimo, Yuko, Ozawa, Takako, Takahira, Eriko, Yamasaki, Yoshimitsu, Haneda, Masakazu, Tomita, Tadahiro, Akimoto, Saori, Fujimoto, Akihiro, Ishihara, Kenji, Murakami, Chiho, Nishiyama, Akiyo, Toyonaga, Yukiko, Uozumi, Kana, Yamaji, Yukihiro, Shigehara, Tetsuya, Okajyo, Jun, Shimizu, Yukihiro, Iwasaki, Shingo, Fukao, Yuki, Furusho, Megumi, Nunokawa, Shintaro, Katagiri, Hideki, Izumi, Tomohito, Kaneko, Keizo, Kodama, Shinjiro, Miyazaki, Mariko, Munakata, Yuichiro, Nagasawa, Tasuku, Oe, Yuji, Sugawara, Hiroto, Takahashi, Kei, Hirata, Kazushige, Inomata, Keiko, Otomo, Shoko, Uchida, Taeko, Yamashita, Chigusa, Kiyosue, Arihiro, Tamura, Ryota, Dube, Francoi, Bolduc, Marilene, Talbot, Marie-Christine, Cham, Leslie, Lai, Vesta, Tse, Josephine, Jolly, Shivinder, Duck, Tabbatha, Lyle, Scott, Epp, Rachel, Galloway, Camille, Haskett, Susan, Matvienko, Elizabeta, Paulsen, Liam, Moist, Louise, Lozon, Zabrina, Ramsey, Tina, Whitmore, Brittany, Al-Zeer, Bader, Macleod, Paula, O'Sullivan, Aoife, Sheriff, Zainab, Tholl, Sam, Pandey, Amritanshu, Armstrong, Samantha, Gebeyehu, Bethelihem, Toth, Patrick, Goldenberg, Ronald, Jahangiriesmaili, Mahsa, Sanguila, Shariff, Suresh, Neethi, Talsania, Tanvi, Zalunardo, Nadia, Agharazii, Mohsen, Roussel, Marie-Pier, Saillant, Annie, Samson, France, Bajaj, Harpreet, Bhavsar, Miken, Dhall, Parul, Dhillon, Gagandeep, Grewal, Bhupinder, Nimbkar, Taniya, Madore, Francoi, Marcotte, Guylaine, Steen, Oren, Bullen, Mathura, Raguwaran, Shayani, Valleteau, Andre, Langlois, Marie-France, Brown, Christine, Steele, Andrew, Garrity, Melissa, Ghate, Taneera, Robinson, Holly, Tolibas, Michael, Tailor, Chetna, Elliott, Lauren, McClary-Wright, Christine, Boreky, Fadia, Fikry, Sameh, Ali, Ayesha, Barot, Chintankumar, Basily, Wagdy, Saram, Thisun, Varad, Vinay, Khandwala, Hasnain, Aguilera, Alex, Alvarez, Patricia, Gill, Balwinder, Huda, Nazihah, Navivala, Aamir, Pinto, Daniel, Bevilacqua, Micheli, Fung, Elaine, Hernandez, Geraldine, Mann, Puneet, Saini, Jaskiran, Rabasa-Lhoret, Remi, Bovan, Danijela, Devaux, Marie, Barnini, Cecilia, Leoncini, Giovanna, Manco, Luca, Nobili, Giulia, Piemontese, Matteo, Aucella, Filippo, Grifa, Rachele, Totaro, Francesco, La Manna, Gaetano, Capelli, Irene, Cianciolo, Giuseppe, Lerario, Sarah, Zappulo, Fulvia, Rosati, Alberto, Fani, Filippo, Spatoliatore, Giuseppe, Gesualdo, Loreto, Pesce, Francesco, Russo, Maria, Zippo, Maria, Cafiero, Cesira, Motta, Daria, Bianco, Simona, Bilucaglia, Donatella, Messa, Piergiorgio, Pavone, Laura, Tripodi, Federica, Vettoretti, Simone, Fioretto, Paola, Carraro, Gianni, Farnia, Filippo, Postal, Anna, D'Amelio, Alessandro, Cardone, Antonio, Piccinni, Giovanni, Aloisi, Annalisa, Scolari, Francesco, Alberici, Federico, Guerini, Alice, Saccà, Chiara, Salviani, Chiara, Zani, Roberta, DE NICOLA, Luca, Garofalo, Carlo, Elena Liberti, Maria, Minutolo, Roberto, Pennino, Luigi, Polese, Lucio, Mené, Paolo, Barberi, Simona, Falcone, Clorinda, Russo, Francesco, Caroppo, Maurizio, Santorelli, Gennaro, Rivera, Rodolfo, Santoro, Domenico, Giuffrida, Alfio, Zirino, Fortunata, Calvi, Cristina, Estienne, Luca, Gambaro, Giovanni, Gangemi, Concetta, Ortalda, Vittorio, Pessolano, Giuseppina, Grandaliano, Giuseppe, Baccaro, Rocco, Ferraro, Pietro, Mangiacapra, Roberto, Melandri, Marco, Foligno, Nadia, Quartagno, Rita, Vezzoli, Giuseppe, Brioni, Elena, and Group, EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative

Subjects
chronic renal disease, empagliflozin, empa-kidney, General Medicine
Abstract

Background The effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for disease progression are not well understood. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with empagliflozin in a broad range of such patients. Methods We enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20 but less than 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area, or who had an eGFR of at least 45 but less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams) of at least 200. Patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of progression of kidney disease (defined as end-stage kidney disease, a sustained decrease in eGFR to Results A total of 6609 patients underwent randomization. During a median of 2.0 years of follow-up, progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 432 of 3304 patients (13.1%) in the empagliflozin group and in 558 of 3305 patients (16.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.82; PConclusions Among a wide range of patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression, empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo. (Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim and others; EMPA-KIDNEY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03594110. opens in new tab; EudraCT number, 2017-002971-24. opens in new tab.)

Published
2023

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