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Classification of galaxy morphology is a hot issue in astronomical research. Although significant progress has been made in the last decade in classifying galaxy morphology using deep learning technology, there are still some deficiencies in spatial feature representation and classification accuracy. In this study, we present a multiscale convolutional capsule network (MSCCN) model for the classification of galaxy morphology. First, this model improves the convolutional layers using a multibranch structure to extract the multiscale hidden features of galaxy images. In order to further explore the hidden information in the features, the multiscale features are encapsulated and fed into the capsule layer. Second, we use a sigmoid function to replace the softmax function in dynamic routing, which can enhance the robustness of MSCCN. Finally, the classification model achieves 97 per cent accuracy, 96 per cent precision, 98 per cent recall, and 97 per cent F1-score under macroscopic averaging. In addition, a more comprehensive model evaluation was accomplished in this study. We visualized the morphological features for the part of sample set that used the t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (t-SNE) algorithm. The results show that the model has a better generalization ability and robustness, and it can be effectively used in the galaxy morphological classification.

This paper is devoted to characterizing the so-called order isomorphisms intertwining the L2 -semigroups of two Dirichlet forms. We first show that every unitary order isomorphism intertwining semigroups is the composition of h-transformation and quasi-homeomorphism. In addition, under the absolute continuity condition on Dirichlet forms, every (not necessarily unitary) order isomorphism intertwining semigroups is the composition of h-transformation, quasi-homeomorphism, and multiplication by a certain step function.MSC Classification: 60J46 , 60J35 , 31C25

Reclaimed water produced via the advanced treatment of domestic wastewater has broad application prospects for reuse in urban rivers, while the nutrients in reclaimed water, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, lead to eutrophication or ecological impacts. Submerged plants are preferred as an enhanced technology used at reclaimed water recharge sites for both water quality improvement purposes and ecological conservation functions. In this study, which adopted the typical submerged plant Myriophyllum verticillatum (M. verticillatum) as its experimental object, experiments were carried out in an illumination incubator without a substrate and under hydrostatic conditions to investigate the water purification effects and mechanisms of action of M. verticillatum at different planting densities. The analysis showed that the group with a wet weight of 2.5 g L−1 had the best growth status and the best overall performance with respect to improvements in water quality indicators, including COD, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as demonstrating excellent uptake and synergistic effects in the process of removing nitrogen and phosphorus. The contributions of natural effects, the uptake and enrichment by M. verticillatum itself, and the synergistic effects during the nitrogen and phosphorus removal process were quantified. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to determine the surface-attached bacterial colonies of M. verticillatum, to analyze their population diversity, and to identify environmental functional genera. In conclusion, an appropriate density of M. verticillatum can improve water quality and provide a suitable environment for the survival and growth of relevant environmentally functional microorganisms, effectively removing nitrogen and phosphorus through its own absorption and synergistic effects.

The objective of this paper is to examine the restriction of a right process on a Radon topological space, excluding a negligible set, and investigate whether the restricted object can induce a Markov process with desirable properties. We address this question in three aspects: the induced process necessitates only right continuity; it is a right process, and the semi-Dirichlet form of the induced process is quasi-regular. The main findings characterize the negligible set that meets the requirements within a universally measurable framework. These characterizations can be employed to generate instances of Markov processes that are non-right or (semi-)Dirichlet forms that are non-quasi-regular. Specifically, we will construct an example of a non-tight, strong Feller, symmetric right process on a non-Lusin Radon topological space, whose Dirichlet form is not quasi-regular.

The electron collection efficiency (CE) of the photomultiplier tube based on microchannel plates (MCP-PMT) is limited by the MCP open area fraction. Coating MCP with a high secondary yield material is supposed to be an effective approach to improve CE. Both typical and coated MCP-PMTs are developed. A relative measurement method is proposed to characterize the collection efficiency performance. Results show that the PMT based on the coated MCPs has a significant improvement on CE, a good gain uniformity and a high precise energy resolution.

BACKGROUND: Soft tissue masses of the hand are common and mostly benign, including ganglion cysts, glomus tumors, lipomas, and giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath. Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumors but are rarely found on the distal parts of the digits. The authors present a case of a schwannoma located at the tip of the finger. METHODS: An otherwise healthy 26-year-old man presented because of a 10-year history of a slowly growing mass on the tip of his right little finger that significantly interfered with his right hand function. The patient underwent hand radiographs and surgical excision of the tumor. RESULTS: Pathologic evaluation determined that the mass was a schwannoma with positive immunohistochemistry for S-100 and SOX-10. The patient reported complete resolution of symptoms associated with the tumor and his satisfaction with the surgical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Imaging studies, such as radiographs, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging, are critical in the diagnostic workup of soft tissue masses of the hand to better understand involvement of the tumor to musculature, vasculature, and other pertinent bony structures. Although quite common, schwannomas may be hard to differentiate from other soft tissue tumors, and a review of the literature demonstrates the importance of providers utilizing imaging and other diagnostics before proceeding to treatment.

A quasidiffusion is by definition a time-changed Brownian motion on certain closed subset of $\mathbb{R}$. The aim of this paper is two-fold. On one hand, we will put forward a generation of quasidiffusion, called skip-free Hunt process, by way of a pathwise setup. As an analogue of regular diffusion on an interval, a skip-free Hunt process also admits a so-called scale function and a so-called speed measure. In addition, it is uniquely determined by scale function and speed measure. Particularly, a skip-free Hunt process is a quasidiffusion, if and only if it is on the natural scale. On the other hand, we will give an analytic characterization of skip-free Hunt processes by means of Dirichlet forms. The main result shows that a so-called strongly local-like property for associated Dirichlet forms is equivalent to the skip-free property of sample paths of skip-free Hunt processes. As a byproduct, the explicit expression of Dirichlet forms associated to skip-free Hunt processes will be formulated., arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2208.02719

It is well known that a regular diffusion on an interval $I$ without killing inside is uniquely determined by a canonical scale function $s$ and a canonical speed measure $m$. Note that $s$ is a strictly increasing and continuous function and $m$ is a fully supported Radon measure on $I$. In this paper we will associate a general triple $(I,s,m)$, where $s$ is only assumed to be increasing and $m$ is not necessarily fully supported, to certain Markov processes by way of Dirichlet forms. A straightforward generalization of Dirichlet form associated to regular diffusion will be first put forward, and we will find out its corresponding continuous Markov process $\dot X$, for which the strong Markov property fails whenever $s$ is not continuous. Then by operating regular representations on Dirichlet form and Ray-Knight compactification on $\dot X$ respectively, the same unique desirable symmetric Hunt process associated to $(I,s,m)$ is eventually obtained. This Hunt process is homeomorphic to a quasidiffusion, which is known as a celebrated generalization of regular diffusion., arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2208.02719

Quasidiffusions are, by definition, time-changed Brownian motions on certain closed subset of $\mathbb{R}$. They admit an explicit representation of Dirichlet forms in terms of so-called speed measures. The Fukushima subspace of a Dirichlet form means another regular Dichichlet form on the same state space but having a smaller Dirichlet space. In this paper we aim to solve the problem of Fukushima subspaces for quasidiffusions. The main result obtains all Fukushima subspaces and characterizes their structures. In addition, we will also give criteria for the uniqueness of Fukushima subspaces and the existence of minimal Fukushima subspace.

A series of 21 novel compounds containing a thiosemicarbazone moiety were designed and synthesised based on hit compound 1 from our in-house compound library screening. Most compounds showed potent antifungal activity in vitro against seven common pathogenic fungi. Notably, all compounds showed high potency against Candida glabrata 537 (MIC = ≤0.0156-2 µg/mL). Of note, compounds 5j and 5r displayed excellent antifungal activity against Candida krusei 4946 and Candida auris 922. Additionally, compounds 5j and 5r also showed high potency against 15 C. glabrata isolates with MIC values ranging from 0.0625 µg/mL to 4 µg/mL, with compound 5r being slightly superior to 5j. Moreover, compound 5r has certain effect against biofilm formation of C. glabrata. Furthermore, compound 5r has minimal cytotoxicity against HUVECs with an IC50 value of 15.89 µg/mL and no haemolysis at 64 µg/mL. Taken together, these results suggest that promising lead compound 5r deserves further investigation.

EdU array, primers, antibodies and western blot raw data from this study

Supplementary material S1: Step by Step protocol. Supplementary Figure 1: tetA and tpm gene schematics. A. tetA with its native regulator tetR conferring resistance to tetracycline, amplified from A. baumannii AB0057 as incorporated in pALFI2. B. tpm gene with its promoter conferring resistance to tellurite, amplified from pFOKT plasmid as incorporated in pALFI3. Supplementary Figure 2: Verification of gene deletions by colony PCR. Twenty colonies were screened per strain and per vector combination used. Colonies were considered positive for aceI gene deletion if a band of approximately 200bp was detected. The length of full aceI gene amplicon (positive control) is approximately 450 bp. Control samples (both positive and negative) were also included for reference. Deletion frequencies of 75% and 50% was observed with pALFI1 in AB5075_UW and AB0057, respectively for aceI gene deletion. The use of pALFI3 in AB5075_UW for aceI deletion resulted in 40% deletion frequency. Table S1: Primers used in the study.

In this paper we systematically consider representations over diagrams of abelian categories, which unify quite a few notions appearing widely in literature such as representations of categories, sheaves of modules over categories equipped with Grothendieck topologies, representations of species, etc. Since a diagram of abelian categories is a family of abelian categories glued by an index category, the central theme of our work is to determine whether local properties shared by each abelian category can be amalgamated to the corresponding global properties of the representation category. Specifically, we investigate the structure of representation categories, describe important functors and adjunction relations between them, characterize special homological objects, and construct various abelian model structures., Major revisions including: a more general framework in terms of direct categories rather than quivers, a different approach to construct abelian model strcutres, and a much more concise presentation

The gut microbiota undergoes dynamic changes during pregnancy. The gut microbial and metabolic networks observed in pregnant women have not been systematically analyzed. The primary purpose of this study was to explore the alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolism during late pregnancy and investigate the associations between the gut microbiota and metabolism. A total of thirty healthy pregnant women were followed from 30 to 32 weeks of gestation to full term. Fecal samples were collected for microbiome analysis and untargeted metabolomic analysis. The characteristics of the gut microbiota were evaluated by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of the V3-V4 regions. The plasma samples were used for untargeted metabolomic analysis with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The interplay between the gut microbiota and metabolism was analyzed further by bioinformatics approaches. We found that the relative abundances of Sellimonas and Megamonas were higher at full term, whereas that of Proteobacteria was lower. The correlation network of the gut microbiota tended to exhibit weaker connections from 32 weeks of gestation to the antepartum timepoint. Changes in the gut microbiota during late pregnancy were correlated with the absorbance and metabolism of microbiota-associated metabolites, such as fatty acids and free amino acids, thereby generating a unique metabolic system for the growth of the fetus. Decreasing the concentration of specific metabolites in plasma and increasing the levels of palmitic acid and 20-hydroxyarachidonic acid may enhance the transformation of a proinflammatory immune state as pregnancy progresses.

Compared to the linear MIMO detectors, the Belief Propagation (BP) detector has shown greater capabilities in achieving near optimal performance and better nature to iteratively cooperate with channel decoders. Aiming at real applications, recent works mainly fall into the category of reducing the complexity by simplified calculations, at the expense of performance sacrifice. However, the complexity is still unsatisfactory with exponentially increasing complexity or required exponentiation operations. Furthermore, due to the inherent loopy structure, the existing BP detectors persistently encounter error floor in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region, which becomes even worse with calculation approximation. This work aims at a revised BP detector, named {Belief-selective Propagation (BsP)} detector by selectively utilizing the \emph{trusted} incoming messages with sufficiently large \textit{a priori} probabilities for updates. Two proposed strategies: symbol-based truncation (ST) and edge-based simplification (ES) squeeze the complexity (orders lower than the Original-BP), while greatly relieving the error floor issue over a wide range of antenna and modulation combinations. For the $16$-QAM $8 \times 4$ MIMO system, the $\mathcal{B}(1,1)$ {BsP} detector achieves more than $4$\,dB performance gain (@$\text{BER}=10^{-4}$) with roughly $4$ orders lower complexity than the Original-BP detector. Trade-off between performance and complexity towards different application requirement can be conveniently obtained by configuring the ST and ES parameters.

Anomaly detection based on time series data is of great importance in many fields. Time series data produced by man-made systems usually include two parts: monitored and exogenous data, which respectively are the detected object and the control/feedback information. In this paper, a so-called G-CNN architecture that combined the gated recurrent units (GRU) with a convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed, which respectively focus on the monitored and exogenous data. The most important is the introduction of a complementary double-referenced thresholding approach that processes prediction errors and calculates threshold, achieving balance between the minimization of false positives and the false negatives. The outstanding performance and extensive applicability of our model is demonstrated by experiments on two public datasets from aerospace and a new server machine dataset from an Internet company. It is also found that the monitored data is close associated with the exogenous data if any, and the interpretability of the G-CNN is discussed by visualizing the intermediate output of neural networks.

Background: Research on perceived school safety has been largely limited to studies conducted in Western countries and there has been a lack of large-scale cross-national studies on the topic. Methods: The present study examined the occurrence of adolescents who felt unsafe at school and the associated factors of perceived school safety in 13 Asian and European countries. The data were based on 21,688 adolescents aged 13-15 (11,028 girls, 10,660 boys) who completed self-administered surveys between 2011 and 2017. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Findings: The number of adolescents who felt unsafe at school varied widely across countries, with a mean occurrence of 31.4% for the total sample: 31.3% for girls, and 31.1% for boys. The findings revealed strong independent associations between feeling unsafe and individual and school-related factors, such as being bullied, emotional and behavioral problems and feeling that teachers did not care. The study also found large variations in perceived school safety between schools in many countries. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the need to create safe educational environments for all students, based on positive relationships with teachers and peers. School-based interventions to prevent bullying and promote mental health should be a natural part of school safety promotion.

In this note we analyse the harmonic functions in $L^2$-sense for an irreducible diffusion on an interval.

According to the instability failure of the deep rock mass, a superposition block model of anomalously low-friction effect was established. The numerical results were compared with the previous experiment, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the simulation. A vertical impact and confining pressure were applied to the superimposed block model, and a horizontal static force was applied to the working block (the third block). This study aimed to determine the influence rules of vertical impact energy, confining pressure, and block lithology on the horizontal displacement of the working block and normal force on the contact surface. The results show that, with the increase of the vertical impact energy, the horizontal residual displacement of the working block increases linearly, and the horizontal displacement amplitude increases by the exponential function. The minimum normal force on the contact surface decreases linearly. As the confining pressure increases, the horizontal residual displacement of the working block decreases logarithmically, and the horizontal displacement amplitude decreases linearly. The minimum normal force on the contact surface increases linearly. The horizontal residual displacement and displacement amplitude of the working block in the coal-rock combination are 1.51 times and 1.63 times of the rock mass, and the minimum normal force of the former is 0.84 times of the latter. Coal-rock combination is more prone to the anomalously low-friction effect than the rock mass.

Objective To investigate the role and possible mechanism of the core rhythm molecule BMAL1 in the prognosis of osteosarcoma (OS). Methods After BMAL1 was overexpressed in U2OS cells by Lipofectamine3000, the expression of BMAL1 was detected with qRT-PCR, and the clone formation and invasion ability of the overexpressed cells were observed with clonogenic assay and Transwell assay. Then, the BMAL1 overexpressed U2OS cells or the cells with control vector transfection were cocultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the direct killing effects of PBMCs on U2OS cells was observed with Calcein AM staining, and the CD107a expression by CD8+ T and NK cells was measured with flow cytometry. Results The OS patients with higher BMAL1 mRNA level had significantly longer survival time when compared with those with lower expression (P < 0.001). BMAL1 overexpression had no obvious effects on the invasion and clone formation of U2OS cells. However, cell death was significantly increased in BMAL1 overexpressed U2OS cells than the control vector transfected U2OS cells when co-cultured with PBMCs in vitro [PBMCs:U2OS cells=5:1, (81.00±0.58)% vs (73.33±0.67)%, P < 0.01; PBMCs:U2OS cells=10:1, (82.67±1.86)% vs (76.67±0.33)%, P < 0.01]. There was no significant difference in the expression level of CD107a between T cells and NK cells in the BMAL1 overexpressed U2OS cells than the control vector transfected U2OS cells when co-cultured with PBMCs (E:T=5:1, CD3+ CD56- T cells, P=0.46, CD3-CD56+ NK cells, P=0.96; E:T=10:1, CD3+ CD56- T cells, P=0.93; CD3-CD56+ NK cells, P=0.21). Conclusion The expression level of BMAL1 is positively correlated with the prognosis of OS patients, which might be mainly due to the enhanced immunological surveillance, but not by affecting the ability of invasion and clone formation of OS cells.

The treatment of tumor has a strong timeliness and periodicity. Due to the duration of COVID-19 outbreak of is uncertain, patients with malignant tumors may have recurrent or progressive disease if they are not treated effectively for a long time. Several studies have shown that delayed chemotherapy and endocrine therapy may have adverse effects on the prognosis of cancer patients. Under the epidemic situation, it has become the key problem to be solved urgently by oncologists that how to better serve cancer patients, prevent and control the infection of cancer patients and their families, how to adjust and optimize the hospital treatment process, so as to ensure the scientific and orderly development of clinical work, and minimize the impact of the epidemic on the treatment of cancer patients. This paper focuses on effectively guiding the emergency management, diagnosis and treatment process, reasonable follow-up, scientific epidemic prevention, reducing the risk of transmission and paying close attention to the mental health of tumor patients, to provide the reference for improving the prognosis of tumor patients during the epidemic situation.

Abnormal modification of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is closely related to the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the role of 5hmC and its writers, ten-eleven translocation (Tet) proteins, in regulating the pathogenesis of AD remains largely unknown. We detected a significant decrease in 5hmC and Tet2 levels in the hippocampus of aged APPswe/PSEN1 double-transgenic (2×Tg-AD) mice that coincides with abundant amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque accumulation. On this basis, we examined the reduction of Tet2 expression in the hippocampus at early disease stages, which caused a decline of 5hmC levels and led young 2×Tg-AD mice to present with advanced stages of AD-related pathological hallmarks, including Aβ accumulation, GFAP-positive astrogliosis and Iba1-positive microglia overgrowth as well as the overproduction of pro-inflammatory factors. Additionally, the loss of Tet2 in the 2×Tg-AD mice at 5 months of age accelerated hippocampal-dependent learning and memory impairments compared to age-matched control 2×Tg-AD mice. In contrast, restoring Tet2 expression in adult neural stem cells isolated from aged 2×Tg-AD mice hippocampi increased 5hmC levels and increased their regenerative capacity, suggesting that Tet2 might be an exciting target for rejuvenating the brain during aging and AD. Further, hippocampal RNA sequencing data revealed that the expression of altered genes identified in both Tet2 knockdown and control 2×Tg-AD mice was significantly associated with inflammation response. Finally, we demonstrated that Tet2-mediated 5hmC epigenetic modifications regulate AD pathology by interacting with HDAC1. These results suggest a combined approach for the regulation and treatment of AD-related memory impairment and cognitive symptoms by increasing Tet2 via HDAC1 suppression.

To understand the impact of urbanization process on heavy metals (HMs) (distribution, sources and risks) in soil in different land-use types, we collected soil samples from 38 sites in Zhengzhou, China, and divided them into industrial, residential and agricultural areas. Various indices, including single factor pollution index (Pi), Nemerow pollution index (PN) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were used to analyze the pollution levels of HMs. The results showed that the average concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr and Mn were 30.26 mg/kg, 0.31 mg/kg, 18.26 mg/kg, 85.85 mg/kg, 76.76 mg/kg and 211.13 mg/kg, respectively. Additionally, Pb, Zn and Cr were the main pollutants and showed serious pollution levels in three land-use types. Remarkably the pollution level of Pb was particularly prominent in industrial areas due to individual sampling points. Then, the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that Pb and Mn came from traffic and natural sources (34.14%), Cd and Zn from metal smelting (28.11%), Cr and Cu from the use of pesticides and fertilizers (17.57%). Furthermore, geographic information system (GIS) and potential ecological risk index (Eri) were employed to analyze the risk of HMs. Among them, the Eri value of Cd in the industrial area was shown to be 55.5, which reached moderate pollution. Moreover, Cd has the highest contribution to risk index (RI) among all soil types. The order of RI was industrial area > residential area > agricultural area, which would contribute to the future regional planning of Zhengzhou.

A birth and death process is a continuous time Markov chain with the minimal state space $\mathbb{N}$, whose transition matrix is standard and whose density matrix is the given birth-death matrix. Birth and death processes are unique if and only if $\infty$ is entrance or natural. When $\infty$ is neither entrance nor natural, there have appeared two methods in history to obtain all birth and death processes. The first one is an analytic treatment put forward by Feller in 1959, and the second is a probabilistic construction completed by Wang in 1958. In this paper we will raise a third way by virtue of the Ray-Knight compactification. This new way has benefits of both analytic and probabilistic treatments. By Ray-Knight compactification, every birth and death process admits a modification regarded as a Ray process on $\mathbb{N}_\infty=\mathbb{N}\cup \{\infty\}$. All of them are further classified into two classes: One is the class of celebrated Doob processes and the other one is the class of Feller $Q$-processes. Every birth and death process in the second class is actually a Feller process on $\mathbb{N}_\infty$. We will derive the expression of its infinitesimal operator, which indicates probabilistic heuristics for its boundary behaviours at $\infty$. Furthermore, utilizing transformations of killing and Ikeda-Nagasawa-Watanabe's piecing out, we will also give a probabilistic construction for all birth and death processes.

In this paper we construct a flat model structure on the category $_{{\mathcal{Q}},A}{\rm Mod}$ of additive functors from a preadditive category ${\mathcal{Q}}$ satisfying certain conditions to the module category $_{A}{\rm Mod}$, whose homotopy category is the ${\mathcal{Q}}$-shaped derived category introduced by Holm and Jorgensen., Comment: 11 pages. Any comments are very welcome

Additional file 1. Supplementary figure 1–3 and supplementary figure legend 1–3.

Infections caused by the nosocomial multidrug resistant human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii are a global public health issue. Without new and potent antibiotics or alternative therapies for infectious diseases caused by A. baumannii and other drug resistant pathogens, the World Health Organization has predicted there will be a return of the pre-antibiotic era in the near future. This thesis investigates the effects of antimicrobial agents on A. baumannii, using two global approaches: RNA-Seq and TraDIS (transposon directed insertion site sequencing). Another novel high throughput technique, which combines Biolog phenotype microarrays and qPCR, was developed for the characterization of drug resistance phenotypes of putative drug efflux pumps. Drug efflux pumps are cytoplasmic membrane transport proteins. They confer antimicrobial resistance through exporting the chemical agents out of the host cell. High expression levels of these proteins are frequently associated with increased bacterial drug resistance. More than 50 genes were annotated as putative drug efflux pumps in A. baumannii ATCC17978 strain. In this study, seventeen of these genes were heterologously cloned and highly expressed in Escherichia coli, and the drug susceptibility changes of the E. coli clones were screened through the combination of Biolog Phenotype Microarrays and qPCR. This multiplexed phenotype analysis approach identified potential drug resistance phenotypes of three novel drug efflux genes. A protein synthesis inhibitor, tigecycline, is one of the last line therapeutic options for A. baumannii infection. RNA-Seq was used to analyse how A. baumannii physiologically responds to subinhibitory concentrations of tigecycline. The transcriptomic data showed an increase in expression of many genes involved in ribosome biosynthesis and assembly, and decrease in expression of genes involved in peptide synthesis, consistent with tigecycline-induced ribosomal stalling after translational initiation. Decreased expression of genes involved tricarboxylic cycle, cell respiration and cell division was observed, which is consistent with tigecycline's bacteriostatic effect. Tigecycline induced increased expression of genes involved in exogenous DNA uptake, mobile genetic element translocation, and DNA mismatch repair, suggesting this antibiotic may promote gene mutation and lateral gene transfer. Biocides are critical for disinfection in hospitals and are commonly used in personal hygiene products. Antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens has been intensively studied, but comparatively little is known about resistance to biocides or the mode of action of biocides. The potential modes of action and resistance mechanisms of ten clinically important biocides were assessed with TraDIS using a highly-saturated transposon Tn5 mutant library. Like the tigecycline data, the TraDIS analysis suggested that these biocides have pleiotropic effects on the bacterial host. Lipooligosaccharide and capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis genes, and drug efflux genes appear to be important fitness factors in A. baumannii against biocides. Collapse of the cytoplasmic membrane proton motive force is likely to be a downstream antibacterial effect of multiple biocides including silver nitrate, which could potentially cause malfunction of membrane transport, cell division and various pleiotropic physiological effects. Antimicrobial drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria, such as A. baumannii, is a multifactorial phenomenon. The contemporary high throughput technologies, for example the ones that were used in this thesis, has enabled us to decipher this problem at a global scale. Knowledge of finer details of antimicrobial mode of actions and bacterial drug resistance will further shed light on finding appropriate solutions for multidrug resistance infections.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Flow chart of the inclusion and exclusion of study population. Table S1. Pearson correlation coefficient of air pollutants and meteorological variables. Fig. S2. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of acute glaucoma attack per IQR increase in ambient air pollution exposure in two-pollutant model.

Supplemental Material for The Roles of Information Valence, Media Literacy and Perceived Information Quality on the Association Between Frequent Social Media Exposure and COVID-19 Vaccination Intention by Meiqi Xin, Sitong Luo, Suhua Wang, Junfeng Zhao, Guohua Zhang, Lijuan Li, Liping Li, and Joseph Tak-Fai Lau in American Journal of Health Promotion

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Detection of full-length APP levels in the patients’ CSF by western blot.

Additional file 1. Figure S1: The percentage and numbers of heart Gata3+ ILC2s in 8-week-old wild-type C57BL/6 mice. A Cumulative frequencies and enumeration of heart Gata3+ ILC2s among ILC2s (identified as CD45+Lin-CD127+CD90.2+ST2+ cells, left) or CD45+ lymphocytes (middle) in 8-week-old wild-type mice by flow cytometric analysis. B Cumulative frequencies and enumeration of heart GATA3+CD127+ ILC2s among CD45+ lymphocyte in 8-week-old wild type mice by flow cytometric analysis. Each dot represents one mouse; different colors represent different litters; error bars represent the mean ± SD; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test (A-B). Figure S2: The responsiveness of heart ILC2s to sex hormones. A-B The cumulative frequencies of heart ILC2s among CD45+ cells treated with the indicated concentrations of 17β-E2 (A) and testosterone (B) for 12 hours. C-D The gMFIs of the indicated surface markers on heart ILC2s for both male and female mice after stimulation with the indicated concentrations of 17β-E2 (C) and testosterone (D) for 12 hours. Each dot represents one mouse; different colors represent different litters; error bars represent the mean ± SD; two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test (A-D). Figure S3: scRNA-Seq analysis of heart lymphocytes from both male and female mice related to Fig. 6. A UMAP reduction and data visualization of major heart CD45+ cells with high expression of CD45. After unsupervised clustering, different types of lymphocytes were identified by corresponding markers. In the total heart, ILC2s are highlighted by red circles. B Violin plots showing the expression of ILC2 marker genes (Gata3, Il7r) in heart CD45+ cells. C UMAP plot showing the heart lymphocyte cell types in male and female mice. Figure S4: Proportion of ILC2s in mouse heart tissues before or after FASC sorting. Evaluation of the purity of sorted heart ILC2s from one representative samples. Gating strategy of heart ILC2s sorting and the percentage of each gate are shown (Top: Pre-sort; Bottom: Post-sort). The purity of heart ILC2s after FASC sorting was 90.6%.

In current practice, scene survey is carried out by workers using total stations. The method has high accuracy, but it incurs high costs if continuous monitoring is needed. Techniques based on photogrammetry, with the relatively cheaper digital cameras, have gained wide applications in many fields. Besides point measurement, photogrammetry can also create a three-dimensional (3D) model of the scene. Accurate 3D model reconstruction depends on high quality images. Degraded images will result in large errors in the reconstructed 3D model. In this paper, we propose a method that can be used to improve the visibility of the images, and eventually reduce the errors of the 3D scene model. The idea is inspired by image dehazing. Each original image is first transformed into multiple exposure images by means of gamma-correction operations and adaptive histogram equalization. The transformed images are analyzed by the computation of the local binary patterns. The image is then enhanced, with each pixel generated from the set of transformed image pixels weighted by a function of the local pattern feature and image saturation. Performance evaluation has been performed on benchmark image dehazing datasets. Experimentations have been carried out on outdoor and indoor surveys. Our analysis finds that the method works on different types of degradation that exist in both outdoor and indoor images. When fed into the photogrammetry software, the enhanced images can reconstruct 3D scene models with sub-millimeter mean errors.

In this paper we will study a stiff problem in two-dimensional space and especially its probabilistic counterpart. Roughly speaking, the heat equation with a parameter $\varepsilon>0$ is under consideration: \[ \partial_t u^\varepsilon(t,x)=\frac{1}{2}\nabla \cdot \left(\mathbf{A}_\varepsilon(x)\nabla u^\varepsilon(t,x) \right),\quad t\geq 0, x\in \mathbb{R}^2, \] where $\mathbf{A}_\varepsilon(x)=\text{Id}_2$, the identity matrix, for $x\notin \Omega_\varepsilon:=\{x=(x_1,x_2)\in \mathbb{R}^2: |x_2

Jia Chen,1,2Zhaoyang Huang,1,2Liping Li,1,2Liankun Ren,1,2Yuping Wang1,21Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, People’s Republic of China; 2Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing 100053, People’s Republic of ChinaAim: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a common cause of refractory epilepsy in children and adolescents. Epilepsy surgery is a treatment option for FCD. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between postsurgical outcomes and FCD types according to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification and assess prognostic factors in pediatric and adolescent epilepsy surgery.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 92 children and adolescents with a proven pathological diagnosis of FCD who underwent resective surgery at our epilepsy center between August 2012 and September 2015. The patients were followed up for at least 1year to evaluate the surgical outcomes, and a multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors of seizure relapse.Results: After surgery, 53.3% of the patients were completely seizure-free during the entire follow-up period. The FCD types, incomplete resection of the epileptic cortex, and use of intracranial electrode were independent risk factors of seizure recurrence. The patients with FCD type II had relatively favorable surgical outcomes compared to the patients with FCD type I. The difference in the postoperative outcome between patients with FCD types III and I was not significant.Conclusion: There is a significant association between FCD types and surgical outcomes in children and adolescents with epilepsy. These findings provide guidance for the optimization of surgical strategies.Keywords: epilepsy, focal cortical dysplasia, surgery, outcome, children, adolescent

The facile detection of phosphopeptides is important for clinical screening and phosphoproteomic research. This work develops an instrument-free, cost-effective, convenient paper-based method for quantitative analysis of phosphorylated peptides. With a novel portable device, Phos-PAD, this method can achieve selective enrichment and colorimetric detection of phosphopeptides within 15 min TiO2 nanoparticle-based chemisorption and tetrabromophenol blue-based colorimetric assay were integrated into the single paper-based analytical device. The color change can indicate the presence of phosphopeptides and the mean pixel intensity of the red channel can be used for phosphopeptide quantification. With capability of quantifying phosphopeptides in serum samples, this Phos-PAD assisted phosphopeptide assay may attract significant attention to clinical analysis of endogenous serum phosphopeptides.

We report a symbiotic hetero-nanocomposite that stabilizes unprecedented CaCl2-type TiO2 for enhanced solar-driven hydrogen evolution reaction., Symbiotic hetero-nanocomposites prevail in many classes of minerals, functional substances and/or devices. However, design and development of a symbiotic hetero-nanocomposite that contains unachievable phases remain a significant challenge owing to the tedious formation conditions and the need for precise control over atomic nucleation in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report a solution chemistry approach for a symbiotic hetero-nanocomposite that contains an unprecedented CaCl2-type titania phase inter-grown with rutile TiO2. CaCl2 structured TiO2, usually occurring when bulk rutile-TiO2 is compressed at an extreme pressure of several GPa, is identified to be a distorted structure with a tilt of adjacent ribbons of the c-axis of rutile. The structural specificity of the symbiotic CaCl2/rutile TiO2 hetero-nanocomposite was confirmed by Rietveld refinement, HRTEM, EXAFS, and Raman spectra, and the formation region (TiCl4 concentration vs. reaction temperature) was obtained by mapping the phase diagram. Due to the symbiotic relationship, this CaCl2-type TiO2 maintained a high stability via tight connection by edge dislocations with rutile TiO2, thus forming a CaCl2/rutile TiO2 heterojunction with a higher reduction capacity and enhanced charge separation efficiency. These merits endow symbiotic CaCl2/rutile TiO2 with a water splitting activity far superior to that of the commercial benchmark photocatalyst, P25 under simulated sunlight without the assistance of a cocatalyst. Our findings reported here may offer several useful understandings of the mechanical intergrowth process in functional symbiotic hetero-nanocomposites for super interfacial charge separation, where interfacial dislocation appears to be a universal cause.

The emergence of constructivism theory provides a strong theoretical support for college English teaching reform. With the in-depth implementation of classroom reforms, especially multimedia teaching, the traditional method of making summative evaluations of students' learning based on exams has been difficult to meet the requirements of modern teaching, and establishing a new teaching mechanism that can adapt to the dynamics of students' overall development a diversified, continuous, more objective and reasonable evaluation system has become our inevitable choice. This article first analyzes the necessity of establishing a college English teaching evaluation system. Then it analyzed its existing problems. Then, combined with the characteristics of current college English teaching, it analyzes the college English teaching evaluation strategy guided by the constructivist theory, hoping to provide a useful reference for the current college English teaching.

This paper focuses on a question raised by Holm and J{\o}rgensen, who asked if the induced cotorsion pairs $(\Phi({\sf X}),\Phi({\sf X})^{\perp})$ and $(^{\perp}\Psi({\sf Y}),\Psi({\sf Y}))$ in $\mathrm{Rep}(Q,{\sf{A}})$ -- the category of all $\sf{A}$-valued representations of a quiver $Q$ -- are complete whenever $(\sf X,\sf Y)$ is a complete cotorsion pair in an abelian category $\sf{A}$ satisfying some mild conditions. Recently, Odaba\c{s}{\i} gave an affirmative answer if the quiver $Q$ is rooted and the cotorsion pair $(\sf X,\sf Y)$ is further hereditary. In this paper, we improve Odaba\c{s}{\i}'s work by removing the hereditary assumption on the cotorsion pair. As an application, we show under certain mild conditions that if a subcategory $\sf L$, which is not necessarily closed under direct summands, of $\sf A$ is special precovering (resp., preenveloping), then $\Phi(\sf L)$ (resp., $\Psi(\sf L)$) is special precovering (resp., preenveloping) in $\mathrm{Rep}(Q,{\sf{A}})$.

In this paper we study adjunction relations between some natural functors on the representation category of the category of finite linearly ordered sets and order-preserving injections. We also prove that the Nakayama functor induces an equivalence from the Serre quotient of the category of finitely generated modules by the category of finitely generated torsion modules to the category of finite dimensional modules.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is an essential regulator of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In the study, we explored the role of lncRNA DLGAP1-AS1 in gastric cancer (GC). qRT-PCR was carried out to detect DLGAP1-AS1 expression in GC tissues and cell lines. CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, and transwell experiments were employed to detect the malignant biological behaviors of GC cells with DLGAP1-AS1 knockdown or overexpression. Bioinformatics and dual-luciferase report assay were used to confirm the binding relationship between DLGAP1-AS1 and miR-515-5p. MARK4 expression was detected by western blot after DLGAP1-AS1/miR-515-5p was selectively regulated. DLGAP1-AS1 was up-regulated in GC tissues and cell lines, and its high expression was closely associated with larger tumor size, higher TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, DLGAP1-AS1 overexpression enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and miR-515-5p could reverse these effects. DLGAP1-AS1 participated in the regulation of the MARK4 signaling pathway by targeting miR-515-5p. DLGAP1-AS1 promoted GC progression through miR-515-5p/MARK4 signaling pathway.

Inflammatory reaction exerts a pivotal role in secondary damage after cerebral hemorrhage and spinal cord injury. miRNAs can both promote and inhibit inflammatory actions among microglial cells. The objective of the present paper was to figure out whether miR-27b-3p produced regulatory effects during processes of microglial inflammation. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were used to prepare microglial activation models. Following miR-27b-3p overexpression and interference, the RNA and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-��, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1�� were subjected to real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot assays, respectively. Cellular apoptosis was subjected to flow cytometry and miR-27b-3p target genes were visualized using a dual luciferase reporter system for verification. The levels of TNF-��, IL-6, and IL-1�� mRNA in miR-27b-3p-overexpressed microglial cells were markedly increased compared to the control. Apoptosis of microglial cells was increased markedly in the overexpressed miR-27b-3p group compared to the negative control. Conversely, a different result was presented in the microglial transfected with miR-27b-3p inhibitors. The downregulation of A20, a miR-27b-3p target gene, mediated levels of TNF-��, IL-6, and IL-1��. Furthermore, A20 reduced microglial apoptosis. These data revealed that miR-27b-3p could mediate not only microglia activation but also neuroinflammation via downregulating A20 expression. Thus, miR-27b-3p is regarded as gene therapy in treating cerebral hemorrhage and spinal cord injury.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-dvr-10.1177_14791641211032547 for The relationship of neutrophil elastase and proteinase 3 with risk factors, and chronic complications in type 2 diabetes: A Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) sub-study by Kwok-Leung Ong, Liang Wu, Andrzej S Januszewski, Rachel O’Connell, Aimin Xu, Russell S Scott, David R Sullivan, Kerry-Anne Rye, Huating Li, Ronald CW Ma, Liping Li, Val Gebski, Alicia J Jenkins, Weiping Jia and Anthony C Keech in Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research

The main goal of this paper is to establish close relations among sheaves of modules on atomic sites, representations of categories, and discrete representations of topological groups. We characterize sheaves of modules on atomic sites as saturated representations, and show that the category of sheaves is equivalent to the Serre quotient of the category of presheaves by the category of torsion presheaves. Consequently, the sheafification functor and sheaf cohomology functors are interpreted by localization functors, section functors, and derived functors of torsion functor in representation theory. These results as well as a classical theorem of Artin provides us a new approach to study discrete representations of topological groups. In particular, by importing established facts in representation stability theory, we explicitly classify simple or indecomposable injective discrete representations of some discrete topological groups such as the infinite symmetric group, the infinite general or special linear group over a finite field, and the automorphism group of the linearly ordered set $\mathbb{Q}$. We also show that discrete representations of these topological groups satisfy a certain stability property., Comment: A major revision made over the first version

In this paper, we will consider the problem that how far from Hunt's hypothesis (H) to symmetrization for a general 1-dimensional diffusion. A characterization of (H) involving the classification of points for this diffusion will be first obtained. Then the main result shows that such a process is symmetrizable, if and only if (H) holds and a certain family of asymmetric shunt points is empty. Furthermore, we will also derive the representation of associated Dirichlet forms of general 1-dimensional diffusions under symmetry.

Additional file 1.

In Frog, Mo Yan draws a vivid picture on the family planning policy carried forward in a Chinese village. There are various address forms and rich communicative contexts in the novel. Based on the Functional Equivalence Theory, this paper makes a comparative analysis on address forms varying with the context in Goldblatt's translation, aiming to explore the translator’s ways to translate certain kinds of address forms and reproduce the original message and communicative backgrounds. It is found that Goldblatt’s version features flexibility and suitability of wording in translating address forms. He tries to convey the cultural connotations and identity information implied to readers of the target language. Hence, misunderstandings that easily arise from studies on the Functional Equivalence Theory and translation practice are cleared up. First, formal equivalence is a contrast to functional equivalence rather an opposing pair, sometimes even facilitating the latter. Second, although there are conventional translation methods for specific texts such as names, the translations are not invariable. The translator should give priority to readers’ reactions and deal with the target language flexibly, so as to achieve the text function as possible. But it’s also revealed that some errors are caused by the translator’s misunderstandings of Chinese culture. Hence, a translator is expected to keep learning the non-native working language and its inherent culture.