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Background:: The increasing prevalence of depression has become a global health issue. Currently approved anti-depressive including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), triple reuptake inhibitors (TRIs) and glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists have limited effects because of their insufficient efficacy and/or slow onset of action. Developing multifunctional antidepressants that can modulate 5-HT, DA, NE, and NMDA simultaneously can potentially overcome the current drug defects. Objective:: This study aimed to explore leads for the development of multi-functional anti-depressive agents that simultaneous triple reuptake inhibitory and NMDA-GluN2B receptor antagonistic activities objective: This study aimed to explore leads for the development of multi-functional anti-depressive agents that simultaneous triple reuptake inhibitory and NMDA-GluN2B receptor antagonistic activities. Methods:: Potential leads were screened virtually from the TCMSP database based on the 3D-Pharmacophore model of TRIs followed by the molecular docking into NMDA-GluN2B receptor, BBB score, and the in-silico toxicity evaluation. The biological activities of discovered leads on 5-HT, NE, and DA reuptake and their effect on the NMDA-GluN2B receptor were evaluated via radio-labeled neurotransmitters and competition radio-ligand binding experiment with [3H] ifenprodil, respectively. Lastly, the antidepressant effect of these potential leads was determined in vivo through the forced swim test in mice Results:: Two compounds were attained as potential leads after the aforementioned experiments. Further in vitro biological evaluation identified Hit-2 as a promising lead that exerted favorable triple 5-HT/DA/NE reuptake inhibitory activity (66.98% inhibition rate at 10μM against hNET, 73.01% inhibition rate at 1μM against hDAT and 86.27% inhibition rate at 1μM against hSERT), as well as potent NMDA-GluN2B receptor antagonistic activity (Ki=115.73±3.54nM). The antidepressant activity of Hit-2 was confirmed through in vivo experiments Conclusion:: Hit-2 not only simultaneously inhibited the reuptake of 5-HT, DA, and NE, and acted as an NMDA-GluN2B receptor antagonist in vitro but also showed in vivo antidepressant activity. These findings may serve as a structural basis for the further development of multi-functional anti-depressive agents. other: none

In recent decades, noise pollution places increasing burden to people’s health and the ecological environment. In this dissertation, a general theory and a corresponding analytical model of a branch cavity are presented to analyze and predict the sound reduction frequency of the branch cavity. The vibrating air in the branch cavity is modeled as a continuous analog mass-spring system using the dynamic analogy method. The air inside the branch cavity is divided into many infinitesimal air layers. The physical properties such as pressure and density in each individual air layer are uniform within that air layer. Each air layer is modeled as a single mass-spring unit with mass and stiffness, and all the mass-spring units are converted into an effective mass-spring. Then, standing wave and the conservation of energy are employed to calculate the natural frequency of the effective mass-spring, which is also the sound reduction frequency of the branch cavity. Next, the concept of the serial-parallel mass-spring system is added to our proposed analog mass-spring system analytical model to analyze the asymmetric branch cavities. In terms of the asymmetric branch cavity, a branch cavity is modeled as two parallel effective mass-spring systems. The symmetric branch cavity is the special case of the asymmetric branch model. In addition, the idea of equivalence is applied to construct the equivalent single neck model for a branch cavity with multiple necks. Then, the analog serial-parallel mass-spring system analytical model is used to calculate the sound reduction frequency of the branch cavity with multiple necks. In addition, many two-dimensional and three-dimensional branch cavity models are simulated and analyzed in our study, including straight branch pipes, circular branch cavities, rectangular branch cavities, cylindrical branch cavities, combined shapes branch cavities, branch cavities with irregular shapes, asymmetric branch cavities and multiple necks branch cavities. The simulated and predicted results of these models indicate that our proposed analog mass-spring system analytical model is a general model for all kinds of branch cavities. Furthermore, our analog mass-spring system analytical model predicts sound reduction frequency accurately, and it has satisfying robustness. Lastly, we would present some design applications based on the analog mass-spring system analytical model. The design variables are some selected dimensional parameters of the branch cavity, and the value of the design variables can be solved as a constrained optimization problem based on the target sound reduction frequency or frequency band. The remarkable sound reduction effects of our branch cavity designs will be presented in the simulation results.

Additional file 1: Additional Methods. Quantitative real-time PCR for viral RNA shedding measurement. Genetic analysis to confirm NAIs or baloxavir resistant variants. Table S1. Recommended dosage and schedule of antiviral medications for influenza in Japan (as of 2019). Table S2. Positivity rate of viral RNA shedding above potentially infectious cut-off after 5 days of onset (6 − 18 years).

Generalized Efimov physics can be applied to describe three-body collisions in ultracold gases, revealing a scattering length scaling law of three-body recombination rate. Previously such scaling law has been intensively studied in the bosonic systems, but its behavior with fermionic atoms remains elusive. In this paper, we report on an experimental study of the scaling law for the three-body atomic loss rate $L_3$ near the narrow $s$-wave Feshbach resonance in a two-component ultracold $^6$Li Fermi gas. The scaling law in the regime with the scattering length $a, 11 pages, 3 figures, 1 table

Porous single crystal has the characteristics of long-range order, continuous lattice and large specific surface area, which could reduce energy losses and keep high activity and stability in electrochemical systems. Here, we grow porous single-crystalline and polycrystalline molybdenum nitrides microcubes from MoO3 single crystals. These porous microcubes show superior HER and OER performance. The overpotential of Mo2N porous single crystal microcubes is only 73.13 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is 150.53 mV, 192.76 mV and 255.87 mV lower than that of MoN single crystal, Mo2N polycrystal and MoN polycrystal, respectively. The advantages of Mo2N porous single crystals in electrocatalytic properties are also reflected in OER.

Electrical stimulation has been shown effective in restoring motor function, improving lower extremity spasticity, and improving quality of life in patients with stroke lower extremity dysfunction. However, which electrical stimulation method is currently the best choice for the clinical practice of shock patients with lower limb dysfunction remains a challenge.The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis is to determine the optimal electrical stimulation method in the treatment of lower extremity dysfunction after stroke.

Additional file 14: Fig. S1. Distribution of IBD tract lengths within populations (cultivated Asian-cultivated Asian, wild Asian-wild Asian, cultivated European-cultivated European, and wild European-wild European) and between populations (cultivated Asian-wild Asian, cultivated Asian-cultivated European, cultivated Asian-wild European, wild Asian-cultivated European, wild Asian-wild European, and cultivated European-wild European). WE, wild European; CA, cultivated Asian; WE, wild European; and CE, cultivated European.

Additional file 2: Supplement Fig. 2. Publication bias was reported using the funnel graph.

Additional file 18: Fig. S5. GWAS of fruit firmness. Quantile-Quantile (Q-Q) plots of a genome-wide association analysis for fruit firmness.

The many-body physics in the dimensional crossover regime attracts much attention in cold atom experiments, but yet to explore systematically. One of the technical difficulties existed in the experiments is the lack of the experimental technique to quantitatively tune the atom occupation ratio of the different lattice bands. In this letter, we report such techniques in a process of transferring a 3D Fermi gas into a 1D optical lattice, where the capability of tuning the occupation of the energy band is realized by varying the trapping potentials of the optical dipole trap (ODT) and the lattice, respectively. We could tune a Fermi gas with the occupation in the lowest band from unity to 50$\%$ quantitatively. This provides a route to experimentally study the dependence of many-body interaction on the dimensionality in a Fermi gas.

With the rapid development of Internet technology, the importance of blockchain technology has become increasingly prominent. Faced with this situation, extensive research has been carried out at home and abroad. Through the analysis of relevant literature on blockchain in recent years, it is found that there are many research results of blockchain technology in medical care, finance, education, etc., but its application in the field of resource allocation efficiency is rare. From the existing studies on the influencing factors of resource allocation efficiency in China, it is found that there are significant differences in resource allocation efficiency between China and some developed countries or between various provinces and cities of China.

Additional file 17: Fig. S4. The distribution of XP-EHH scores on the 17 pear chromosomes in the WA-CA comparison (A) and WE-CE comparison (B). The cutoff lines represent the top 1% of selection signals (Asian pear population: XP-EHH > 0.828041; European pear population: XP-EHH > 0.680248).

Additional file 15: Fig. S2. Distribution of IBD tracts along the 17 pear chromosomes. (A) Distribution of IBD tracts in the cultivated Asian-wild Asian (CA-WA; red bars) and cultivated European-wild European (CE-WE; blue bars) comparisons. (B) Lengths of all 17 pear chromosomes. (C and D) KEGG functional enrichment of genes from IBD-ERs of Asian (C) and European (D) pears. Pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism are enclosed in red boxes. The sizes of the dots correspond to the number of genes.

Additional file 19: Fig. S6. Sanger DNA sequencing of the CAMTA3 gene in Asian and European pears showing the 9-bp insertion mutation unique to Asian pears. (A) Sequence alignment of the coding sequences of the PbCAMTA3 gene from eight European and nine Asian pear accessions. (B) Gene structure showing the introns and exons of PbCAMTA3 (upper) and the predicted domains (IPT (transcription factor immunoglobulin), IQ motifs (calmodulin-binding), CG-1 (a DNA-binding domain specific to sequence), and ankyrin (ANK) repeats) in the PbCAMTA3 protein structure.

Additional file 22: Fig. S9. The relative expression levels of TIC55 during pear fruit development in ‘Dangshansuli’ (Asian pear) and ‘Starkrimson’ (European pear) based on qRT-PCR. DAF: days after flowering; DAH: days after harvest.

Additional file 3: Supplement Fig. 3. Graph of sensitivity analysis.

Additional file 2: Supplement Fig. 2. Publication bias was reported using the funnel graph.

Additional file 1: Supplement Fig. 1. Publication bias was reported using the Begg test.

Additional file 20: Fig. S7. Fruit firmness of four pear accessions, including ‘Hosui’ (cultivated Asian), ‘Nanguoli’ (cultivated Asian), ‘Starkrimson’ (cultivated European), and ‘Yali’ (cultivated Asian) during five developmental stages of fruit growth. S1 corresponds to the physiological fruit drop stage at 30 days after flowering (DAF), S2 corresponds to the rapid fruit enlargement stage at 55 DAF, S3 corresponds to the fruiting stage at 85 DAF, S4 corresponds to the pre-maturity fruit stage at 115 DAF, and S5 corresponds to the mature fruit stage.

Additional file 16: Fig. S3. KEGG analysis of genes within the 3 Mbp IBD-ER.

Additional file 3: Supplement Fig. 3. Graph of sensitivity analysis.

The compilation of plans for the protection and utilization of natural resource assets owned by the general population is of great practical significance in supporting the preservation and appreciation of natural resource assets, preventing the loss of state-owned assets, and realizing the reform goal of unified management of natural resource assets. However, the planplanning for the protection and utilization of natural resource assets in China is still at the exploratory stage, with a lack of normative technical procedures and preparation guidelines. Land storage strengthens the management of land assets and helps to realize the preservation and appreciation of land assets, which can provide supporting evidence for the protection and utilization of other natural resource assets. Therefore, on the basis of analyzing the mechanisms of land storage, and drawing on the theory, methods, and practical experience of land storage, this paper extends the land storage system to the protection and utilization management of other natural resource assets, developing a “body and two wings” planning concept for the protection and utilization of natural resource assets, while hoping to provide a useful reference for the protection and utilization of natural resource assets in China. The study found that the theory, method, and practice of land storage meet the needs of natural resource asset protection and management. The proposed plans for the protection and utilization of natural resource assets owned by the general population, mainly through storage, can not only play a basic role in protecting public-welfare natural resource assets and improving ecological functions, but can also play a key role in the operational management of natural resource assets in terms of optimizing resource allocation, improving the efficiency of resource development and utilization, and promoting high-quality development. This is a valuable study that contributes to realization of the reform goal of unified management of natural resource assets, and which can provide a reference for the preparation of natural resource asset plans in various regions.

In recent years, the application of Deep Neural Networks to gas recognition has been developing. The classification performance of the Deep Neural Network depends on the efficient representation of the input data samples. Therefore, a variety of filtering methods are firstly adopted to smooth filter the gas sensing response data, which can remove redundant information and greatly improve the performance of the classifier. Additionally, the optimization experiment of the Savitzky–Golay filtering algorithm is carried out. After that, we used the Gramian Angular Summation Field (GASF) method to encode the gas sensing response data into two-dimensional sensing images. In addition, data augmentation technology is used to reduce the impact of small sample numbers on the classifier and improve the robustness and generalization ability of the model. Then, combined with fine-tuning of the GoogLeNet neural network, which owns the ability to automatically learn the characteristics of deep samples, the classification of four gases has finally been realized: methane, ethanol, ethylene, and carbon monoxide. Through setting a variety of different comparison experiments, it is known that the Savitzky–Golay smooth filtering pretreatment method effectively improves the recognition accuracy of the classifier, and the gas recognition network adopted is superior to the fine-tuned ResNet50, Alex-Net, and ResNet34 networks in both accuracy and sample processing times. Finally, the highest recognition accuracy of the classification results of our proposed route is 99.9%, which is better than other similar work.

Three-body recombination is a phenomenon common in atomic and molecular collisions, producing heating in the system. However, we find the cooling effect of the three-body recombination of a 6Li Fermi gas near its s-wave narrow Feshbach resonance. Such counter-intuitive behavior is explained as follows, the threshold energy of the quasi-bounded Feshbach molecule acts as the knife of cooling, expelling the scattering atoms with selected kinetic energy from the trap. When the threshold energy happens to be larger than 3/2kBT, each lost atom in the three-body recombination process has more than 3kBT energy which results in cooling. The best cooling is found with the threshold energy set at about 3kBT, consistent with a theoretical model. The three-body recombination induced cooling raises potential applications for cooling complex atomic systems.

Automatic optical inspection is a vital part of the production process for solder joints appearance inspection in surface mounted technology assembling lines. However, IC solder joint inspection is a challenging problem because IC solder joints have extremely small sizes and no distinct appearance differences between qualified and unqualified ones. In this paper, we propose an IC solder joint inspection method via generator-adversarial-network based template. We are the first to introduce the GAN strategy into IC solder joint inspection. The method consists of GAN template generator training, offline statistical modelling and online real-time inspection. At the training stage, the GAN template generator is trained based on a designed GAN, which involves the feature maps in both of high-dimension and low-dimension spaces. Then, the binary difference image can be achieved by the input IC solder joint image and the corresponding GAN-based template. At the offline statistical modelling stage, to reduce the interferences, a pixel probability image is statistically modelled by the binary difference images corresponding to qualified IC solder joints. At the online real-time inspection stage, the potential defect pixels for the inspected IC solder joint can be shown in a defect salient image achieved by the multiplication of its corresponding binary difference image and the pixel probability image. Finally, we can accumulate the pixels in the defect salient image to distinguish the quality of the inspected IC solder joint. Experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to the state-of-the-art inspection methods with 0% omission rate and 0.15% error rate at a reasonable inspection speed of 4.32 ms per sample.

Purpose The effect of paraspinal muscles atrophy and fat infiltration (FI) on the complications of spinal surgery has not been established. Methods A review of the literature was conducted from a search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from inception through January 2021. The literature was searched and assessed by independent reviewers based on criteria that included an assessment of preoperative paraspinal muscle morphology in addition to measuring its relationship to surgical complications. All relevant papers were assessed for risk of bias according to the modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Results The initial search yielded 5632 studies, of which 16 studies were included in the analysis. All included studies were at a low risk of bias. There existed strong evidence that the atrophy and FI of paraspinal muscles had an association with the development of bone nonunion (two high quality studies), pedicle screw loosening (two high quality studies), adjacent segment degeneration (three high quality studies) and proximal junctional kyphosis (five high quality studies) after lumbar surgery. Besides, there is also limited evidence for association between atrophy and FI of paraspinal extensor muscles and less local and global curve improvement. Conclusions Strong evidence was found for an association between preoperative paraspinal muscle degeneration and multiple postoperative complications after lumbar surgery. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to the small quantity of the available literature and high heterogeneity among studies.

Additional file 17. Review history.

Data on the clinical effectiveness of the novel anti-influenza drug baloxavir marboxil (baloxavir) in children remain limited. We conducted an observational study to compare the duration of fever and symptoms between baloxavir- and oseltamivir-treated children infected with influenza A and B. In total, 159 outpatients with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 or B/Victoria-lineage infections, aged19 years, during the 2019-2020 influenza season in Japan were enrolled and assessed the duration of fever and symptoms using the Kaplan-Meier method and a multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model. Polymerase acidic (PA) variants were examined before and after baloxavir treatment. In the multivariable analysis, the duration of fever and symptoms was unaltered between the A(H1N1)pdm09 (n = 116) and B/Victoria-lineage (n = 43) groups. Conversely, the fever duration was marginally longer in the oseltamivir-treated group (n = 59) than in the baloxavir group (n = 100) (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.67, p = 0.05); however, the duration of symptoms was unaltered between the two groups (HR = 0.74, p = 0.11). No patient presented PA reduced susceptibility marker(s) before baloxavir treatment in the analyzed groups. The PA/E23K variant was detected in one case (1.5%, 1/66) of A(H1N1)pdm09 after baloxavir treatment. One case (2.0%, 1/50) of A(H1N1)pdm09 with an N295S substitution in neuraminidase was detected following oseltamivir treatment. These results suggested that the duration of fever was likely to be shorter with baloxavir than with oseltamivir, but the difference between influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and B/Victoria-lineage was unclear. It is important to continue evaluating the clinical effectiveness of baloxavir and monitoring its drug susceptibility to the influenza virus.

As an outstanding thinker in the Eastern Han Dynasty of China, Wang Chong wrote many books during his lifetime, but all of them were lost except Lunheng. The purport of Lunheng is to reveal and criticize all kinds of "Xuwang（an ancient Chinese word, with the similar meaning of falsehood, fallacy, etc.）" in the society at that time. In our opinion, the ideological support behind Lunheng is Wang Chong's thoughts on argumentation.

The decay of any unstable quantum state can be inhibited or enhanced by carefully tailored measurements, known as the quantum Zeno effect (QZE) or anti-Zeno effect (QAZE). To date, studies of QZE (QAZE) transitions have since expanded to various system-environment coupling, in which the time evolution can be suppressed (enhanced) not only by projective measurement but also through dissipation processes. However, a general criterion, which could extend to arbitrary dissipation strength and periodicity, is still lacking. In this letter, we show a general framework to unify QZE-QAZE effects and parity-time (PT) symmetry breaking transitions, in which the dissipative Hamiltonian associated to the measurement effect is mapped onto a PT-symmetric non- Hermitian Hamiltonian, thus applying the PT symmetry transitions to distinguish QZE (QAZE) and their crossover behavior. As a concrete example, we show that, in a two-level system periodically coupled to a dissipative environment, QZE starts at an exceptional point (EP), which separates the PT-symmetric (PTS) phase and PT-symmetry broken (PTB) phase, and ends at the resonance point (RP) of the maximum PT-symmetry breaking; while QAZE extends the rest of PTB phase and remains the whole PTS phase. Such findings reveal a hidden relation between QZE-QAZE and PTS-PTB phases in non-Hermitian quantum dynamics.

Transparent conductive oxide films have been widely used in liquid crystal displays, solar cells, electrochromic windows, gas sensors, curtain wall glass, heat-transfer glass for aircraft and high-speed trains (de-icing and defogging). The study of its preparation and treatment methods is also crucial and important. In order to prepare a highly transmissive and highly conductive ITO film, it is generally obtained by two methods: a crystalline high-quality thin film is deposited by a high-temperature preparation method directly, and an amorphous film is deposited at room temperature and then heat-treated. However, for substrates that are not resistant to high temperatures, they cannot be exposed to high temperatures for long periods of time. Therefore, it is significant to study the rapid heat treatment crystallization method, aiming at not only ensuring the application requirements of the ITO film, but also reducing the adverse effect of the crystallization method on the substrate. According to different application backgrounds and application requirements, selecting the appropriate preparation method and crystallization method are the key issues to obtaining highly transmissive and highly conductive films. This paper summarizes the current research progress of crystallization methods of ITO transparent conductive oxide films both at home and abroad. By comparing the mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of different thin film crystallization methods, it is found that the infrared annealing, laser annealing, and flash lamp annealing can achieve rapid crystallization of the thin film, and the temperature of substrate is lower than the temperature of film during the process. These methods are expected to replace the conventional furnace annealing crystallization method used in current commercial production for improving production efficiency, saving production costs, obtaining high-quality and high-performance transparent conductive oxide film. These methods are expected to be more widely used.

An enantioselective synthesis of 15-deoxy-Δ¹²,¹⁴-prostaglandin J₂ is reported. The synthesis begins with the preparation of enantiopure 3-oxodicyclopentadiene by a lipase-mediated kinetic resolution. A three-component coupling followed by a retro-Diels–Alder reaction provides the C8 stereochemistry of the prostaglandin skeleton with high enantioselectivity. Stereoretentive olefin metathesis followed by a Pinnick oxidation affords 15-deoxy-Δ¹²,¹⁴-prostaglandin J₂ in high enantiopurity.

In this paper, an integrated circuit (IC) solder joint inspection algorithm is proposed based on an adaptive-template method. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to utilize the adaptive-template scheme for IC solder joint inspection. First, a number of qualified solder joint images are used to construct a dictionary. Then, we formulate the construction of the adaptive template for each IC solder joint as an optimization problem, which is solved by the elastic net. The defects can be inspected by the difference image between the IC solder joint image and its corresponding adaptive template. We propose a weighting scheme to highlight the defects in the solder joint images, in which different weights are given to different pixel locations in the difference images. Finally, the weighted defect score is defined to evaluate the quality of the solder joint image. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is superior to the existing methods in terms of omission rate and error rate.

With the size of thin-film electronic devices decreasing, the film stress became an important reason for the failure of thin film devices. Film stress not only affected the membrane structure, but also associated with film optics, electricity, mechanics and other properties, therefore film stress turned into one hot spot in the research field of thin-film materials. This paper reviewed the latest research progress of film stress, substrate curvature method, X-ray diffraction technique and Raman spectroscopy, several frequently used stress measuring techniques were compared and analyzed, and composition ratios of thin film, substrate types, magnetron sputtering process parameters (sputtering power, work pressure, substrate temperature) and annealing etc. factors influencing thin film stress were summarized. It was found that substrate curvature method was suitable for measuring almost all kinds of thin film materials. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were just fit for measuring materials with characteristic peaks. Nanoindentation method required extra stress-free samples as comparison experiments. During film fabrication and annealing process, film stress usually transited from compressive to tensile status, and several factors combined together could affect stress, so film stress could be reached the minimum value or even stress-free status through setting appropriate parameters. Finally, combined with film stress research status, accurate stress measurement methods for different materials as a thin-film stress research direction were introduced, and challenges in thin film detection range were pointed out.

This paper has designed a system that uses the ultrasonic technology to wash the water quality sensor automatically. The hardware platform of the cleaning system is composed of a processing module, a sensor module, a sampling module and a cleaning module. The proposed system uses the water-pump to convey the aquaculture water to the designed detected-tank via the pipeline and detect the water quality. The water quality sensor installed in the detected-tank is cleaned regularly under the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the bottom plate of the tank. The experimental results demonstrate that in the aquaculture environment, the dissolved oxygen sensor is prone to accumulation of pollutants after 14 hours, the detection value is shifted, and the change is slow. Under the action of ultrasonic cleaning, dissolved oxygen sensor detection spends about 10 min to correct again.

Δ^(12)-Prostaglandin J family is recently discovered and has potent anticancer activity. Concise syntheses of four Δ^(12)-prostaglandin J natural products (7–8 steps in the longest linear sequences) are reported, enabled by convergent stereoretentive cross-metathesis. Exceptional control of alkene geometry was achieved through stereoretention.

We study the property of the field which is a mixing of two multi-mode thermal fields. We accomplish a general theoretical analysis and show that the mode of the mixed field, characterized by its intensity correlation function $g^{(2)}$, is determined by the two-photon interference between the two independent multi-mode thermal fields. Our analysis reveals that the mode structures of the two thermal fields play an important role in the interference. Comparing with $g^{(2)}$ for one of the individual field with less average mode number, $g^{(2)}$ of the mixed field always decreases due to the change of mode distribution, but the amount of drop depends on the relative overlap between the mode structures of the two thermal fields and their relative strength. Moreover, we verify the theoretical analysis by performing the experiments when the modes of two multi-mode thermal fields are identical, orthogonal and partially overlapped, respectively. The experimental results agree with theoretical predictions. Our investigation is useful for analyzing the signals carried by the intensity correlation of multi-mode thermal fields.

To improve the reliability of power supply and meet the requirement of urban landscaping, XLPE cable has been widely used with the development of city power grid because of its obvious advantages. The rated overvoltage withstanding ability of 10kV XLPE cable accessories are much higher than the switching overvoltage caused by reclosing. However, after routine tests and maintenance, multiple accidents of the cable accessories occur during reclosing. In order to clarify the influence of switching impulse on the degradation of cable accessories, in this paper, switching impulses of 250/2500μs with 50 kV were applied on cable accessories with misplacing stress defect and knife incision defect. The partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) and partial discharge extinction voltage (PDEV) of these degraded samples were recorded. Results show that the PDIV and PDEV of cable accessories decrease with the time increasing of applied switching impulses. Cable accessories with misplacing stress defect had a worse PD behavior. The multiple switching overvoltage accelerate the degradation of cable accessory insulation. Test conclusions can contribute to evaluate the life-time of cable and determine the retire time.

Objective: To investigate and compare the efficacy of three-step reduction (TSR) therapy of integrated Chinese and Western Medicine and posterior open (PO) surgery for thoracolumbar burst fracture. Methods: We selected 60 patients diagnosed with thoracolumbar burst fracture and received treatment in our hospital from December 2014 to March 2017. According to randomized digital table, they were randomly divided into TSR and PO groups. VAS pain grade, Oswestry disability index, height of centrum front, Cobb's angle of spine, bleeding, and complication of internal fixation of the two groups were compared. Results: Postoperative reduction of injured centrum, regained volume of canalis vertebralis, volume of bleeding, and early functional rehabilitation of TSR group were better than that of PO groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Through three-step reduction combined pedicle screw fixation surgery, we can achieve satisfied reduction of thoracolumbar burst fracture, rebuild the height of centrum, recover the biomechanics function of spine, and reduce bleeding. Three-step reduction therapy is an effective therapy for thoracolumbar burst fracture.

This thesis presents a integrated optimization method to find the optimized operational parameters in Plastic Injection Molding (PIM), such as flow rate, melt temperature, mold temperature, pressure holding time and packing pressure that will minimize the shrinkage under the constraints of injection pressure and cooling time. Design of Experiments (DOE) is used to reduce the computational cost for simulations. Furthermore, the possibility value (P-value) is adopted to identify the significant factors among all design variables with respect to each functions. Monotonicity Analysis is then employed to detect the active constraints and to reduce the complexity of the original optimization problem so that the problem can be easily solved by a simple regression. Finally, the responses obtained by the simulation with the optimized operational parameters are used to validate our solutions. Two design examples are presented in this paper. For both examples, twenty-five initial samples are evaluated using Solidworks Plastic based on the orthogonal array from the DOE with five variables. There are two constraints on injection pressure and cooling time. P-value shows that packing pressure is not a significant factor for shrinkage and two constraints in both examples, then it can be moved out in later optimization. The exact value of flow rate and pressure holding time can be found out by Monotonicity Analysis. Finally, by solving the regression equations with melt temperature and mold temperature, the optimal parameters combination will be solved. Using the optimized parameters in simulation, the shrinkage for first example and second example are 0.3988mm and 0.0768mm, both of the shrinkage results are smaller than that in initial samples which can satisfy the constraints.

Employing a sample of 17,534 firm year observations across 31 provinces over 2000-2013 in mainland China, this thesis examines the role of China’s political tournaments in corporate decision making. We first document that investment rate is systematically higher before national tournaments, controlling for investment opportunities and economic conditions. Specifically, we show an average increase of 7.0% investment rates two years before national tournaments. We further examine the tournament effects on tax decisions and show that firms on average pay 4.1% more taxes in the year leading up to national tournaments. Using a sample of firms dual-listed in both mainland and Hong Kong exchange, we show that the Chinese government is likely to intervene into the market around national tournaments. Finally, we introduce additional firm aspects including employment, wage, cash holding, debt, stock return, and stock volatility in order to investigate how these variables are influenced simultaneously. We show that the results for investment and tax are consistent with our findings. In addition, we also find that firms tend to raise debts to fund the extra investments. The market reacts negatively as these investments serve politicians at the costs of shareholders. We also discover a temporary growth in employment and wage before national tournaments. Further, evidence shows that China’s national tournaments are not likely to raise political concerns. Our finding is consistent with political leaders influencing firms’ decisions to win political tournaments.

In the situation of international financial crisis and tender external environment, the interaction of financial risk and real economy has made great influence on macro-economy, and Chinese economic downslide with increasing speed has become the principal contradiction nowadays. It is suggested in this article, to prevent financial risks, we should depend on the mode of economic growth focusing on efficiency. Then finance and taxation policy making must inter-work and highlight the emphasis. Both short-term emergency measures and long-term development strategy should be adopted.

We present our theoretical study in electronic structures of molecular Rydberg states for some diatomic molecules along the second row in the periodic table which involve binding between atomic 2s and 2p valence orbitals.

We report the first experimental investigation of the photoionization cross-sections of singlet excited states 3s5s1S and 3s4d1D in atomic magnesium, which can not be directly reached from the ground state. The measured absolute values are σ3s5s1S (571.1nm)=(0.27 ± 0.09)Mb and σ3s4d1D (552.8nm)=(2.6 ± 0.9)Mb. Theoretical calculations were given, which are in good agreement with the measured values.

The paper describes the working principle and structure of a newly designed high-precision (micro-gal) gravimeter, which is basically a vertically suspending spring-weight system, using a highly sensitive capacitance sensor of movement in a controlled temperature environment in a borehole and a multi-frequency output for both earth-tide and earthquake monitoring. The preliminary test indicated that, while in a stabilization process, it had met all the technical requirements for a relative gravimeter used for earth tide and earthquake monitoring.