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Studies have identified that diseases in pregnancy affect fetal growth and development of the newborn. In Mexican population, the gene SLC16A11 has been identified as a factor that increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. To date, information is scarce about its expression in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); epigenetic modifications due to maternal hyperglycemic state could be identified early in fetal development.This study aimed to determine the SLC16A11 expression and methylation status in umbilical cord blood of newborns offspring of mothers with or without GDM.Cross-sectional, analytic study. Pregnant patients undergoing caesarean delivery with and without GDM in the Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Gineco-obstetricia #4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, were invited to participate. DNA was extracted from the mothers' blood cells, or umbilical cord blood cells of their newborns, and subjected to methylation status. Total RNA was used to evaluate the SLC16A11 expression by endpoint RT-PCR. Variables were analyzed with Student t. Values of p0.05 were considered statistically significant.A SLC16A11 downregulation was observed for newborns, while methylation status was found in only 1 of 68 mother-child pairs. Somatometry of newborns showed no differences between groups. Differences were found in total cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT, glucose, and HbA1c.For the first time, a differential expression for SLC16A11 was observed in offspring. Downregulation in this gene expression could characterize the offspring from GDM. No difference was found in somatometry of newborns of mothers with and without GDM.

The COVID-19 Fear Scale (FCV-19S) allows screening in general population; however, there is no specific instrument in our population for screening in the perinatal period that considers fear related with COVID-19 and offspring well-being. We aimed to validate the FCV-19S modified for application during the perinatal period. Analytical, cross-sectional design. After signing consent, women 18–45 years were included. Internal consistency was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha, external validity using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), factorial analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient for re-test. The sample included 178 women, mean age 31.04 ± 5.9. We obtained internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.873 (95%CI, 0.842–0.899). Spearman’s Rho coefficient was 0.207 (p= .013). All the elements were statistically significant for the polychoric correlation (p

Skin secretions of toads are a complex mixture of molecules. The substances secreted comprise more than 80 different compounds that show diverse pharmacological activities. The compounds secreted through skin pores and parotid glands are of particular interest because they help toads to endure in habitats full of pathogenic microbes, i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, due to their content of components such as bufadienolides, alkaloids, and antimicrobial peptides. We carried out an extensive literature review of relevant articles published until November 2022 in ACS Publications, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. It was centered on research addressing the biological characterization of the compounds identified in the species of genera Atelopus, Bufo, Duttaphrynus, Melanophryniscus, Peltopryne, Phrynoidis, Rhaebo, and Rhinella, with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic activities; as well as studies performed with analogous compounds and skin secretions of toads that also showed these activities. This review shows that the compounds in the secretions of toads could be candidates for new drugs to treat infectious diseases or be used to develop new molecules with better properties from existing ones. Some compounds in this review showed activity against microorganisms of medical interest such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Coronavirus varieties, HIV, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania chagasi, Plasmodium falciparum, and against different kinds of fungi that affect plants of economic interest.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between glycemic control (hemoglobin (Hb) A1c7%) and the dietary patterns identified in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).This was a secondary analysis conducted with 4838 patients with T2DM in Mexico. Biochemical blood profiles, socioeconomic level, anthropometric measurements, and dietary data were obtained. Dietary data from a food frequency questionnaire were used to derive dietary patterns. Factor analysis was conducted to ascertain dietary patterns, and multivariate analysis was fitted to assess the relationship between glycemic control and consumption of dietary patterns.Three dietary patterns were identified. After control for potential cofounders (age, sex, duration of T2DM, body mass index, pharmacologic treatment, intensity of physical activity, socioeconomic level, and kcal/kg ideal weight), we found that consuming a Western-style diet (odds ratio [OR], 1.533, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.253-1.875; P0.000), and the sweets and dairy diet (fats and sugars; OR, 1.444; 95% CI, 1.133-1.841; P = 0.003) patterns were associated with HbA1c ≥7%, whereas consuming a healthy dietary patter (OR, 0.800; 95% CI, 0.642-0.998; P = 0.048) was associated with HbA1c7%.Consuming a healthy diet was associated with glycemic control; whereas the Western-style or sweets and dairy patterns promoted a lack of metabolic control. These results support the promotion of a healthy pattern in the Mexican population with T2DM.

Poor metabolic control is a constant in patients with diabetes worldwide, despite resources demonstrated to achieve therapeutic targets. The object of this study was to identify causes of poor metabolic control in patients with diabetes treated in Family Medicine Clinics in metropolitan Mexico City at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.We analyzed 638 of 1,170 patients studied between 2000 and 2006. Anthropometric variables, occurrence of infections, treatment adherence, medical prescriptions, diet, exercise, and laboratory results were recorded.The proportion of patients with HbA1c7% worsened over time: from 38.9% at baseline it decreased to 21.4% (p0.001); LDL cholesterol decreased from 51.9 to 12.2% (p0.001), and controlled blood pressure from 35.6 to 23.3% (p0.001). A diet high in calories was associated with poor metabolic control (OR: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.34-4.13) and treatment intensification with elevated HbA1c (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.14-4.14). Treatment was not intensified in 90% of patients outside targets. Infections, non-adherence, and drugs that interfere with oral hypoglycemic agents were not associated with higher HbA1c.The main factors associated with higher HbA1c were: disease progression, an inadequate diet, and lack of treatment intensification. Any program designed to improve the conditions of these patients must consider these factors.

Uterine cervical cancer (UCC) is one of the main causes of cancer-associated mortality in women. Inflammation has been identified as an important component of this neoplasia; in this context, anti-inflammatory drugs represent possible prophylactic and/or therapeutic alternatives that require further investigation. Anti-inflammatory drugs are common and each one may exhibit a different antineoplastic effect. As a result, the present study investigated different anti-inflammatory models of UCC in vitro and in vivo. Celecoxib, sulindac, nimesulide, dexamethasone, meclofenamic acid, flufenamic acid and mefenamic acid were tested in UCC HeLa, VIPA, INBL and SiHa cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the drugs was evaluated in vitro. Celecoxib, sulindac, nimesulide, mefenamic acid and flufenamic acid presented with slight to moderate toxicity (10-40% of cell death corresponding to 100 µM) in certain cell lines, while meclofenamic acid exhibited significant cytotoxicity in all essayed cell lines (50-90% of cell death corresponding to 100 µM). The meclofenamic acid was tested in murine models (immunodeficient and immunocompetent) of UCC, which manifested a significant reduction in tumor growth and increased mouse survival. It was demonstrated that of the evaluated anti-inflammatory drugs, meclofenamic acid was the most cytotoxic, with a significant antitumor effect in murine models. Subsequent studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical utility of this drug.

The optimal treatment of patients with von Willebrand's disease (vWD) remains to be defined. Moreover, it has not been firmly established which, if any, commonly measured parameters of von Willebrand factor (vWF) protein in the plasma are useful in guiding treatment. To better understand what guidelines physicians follow in the management of vWD, we surveyed 194 North American physicians who are members of the Hemophilia Research Society. Ninety-nine per cent of responding physicians depend on factor VIII (FVIII):C, vWF:RCo activity and vWF:AG to diagnose vWD, while only 49% use the bleeding time. The minimal goals of treatment for patients undergoing major surgery/trauma or central nervous system haemorrhage were FVIII:C and vWF:RCo activity greater than 80% while levels of more than 50% for minor surgery and dental extractions were considered adequate. Treatment of vWD was based on the type of vWD with type 1 patients being treated most often with desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) alone, types 2A and 2B patients with a combination of DDAVP and a vWF-containing FVIII product, type 3 patients with vWF-containing concentrate. Viral infections, including human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis A, B and C viruses, and parvovirus have been seen in vWD and the efficacy of viral attenuation processes is a major criterion for the selection of treatment by physicians. Based on this survey, prospective studies need to be designed to address the clinical efficacy, safety and predictive value of laboratory monitoring of patients with vWD.

Purpose: This report presents pooled data from two multicenter studies conducted to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerance of lower-dose intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) regimens of 250 mg/kg/day, 400 mg/kg/day, and 500 mg/kg/day for 2 days, compared to an established higher-dose regimen of 1 g/kg/day for 2 days, in children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Patients and Methods: A total of 24 children received IVIG (Gammar® I.V.). In Study 1, 10 centers enrolled 12 children between 5 and 12 years old who received IVIG at either 400 mg/kg/day or 1 g/kg/day for 2 days. In Study 2, five centers enrolled 12 infants and children younger than 5 years old who received IVIG at 250 mg/kg/day or 500 mg/kg/day for 2 days. Both studies were prospective and randomized. Results: IVIG treatment was effective (platelets increased at least 30,000/cu mm over baseline) in 94% (16 of 17) of the evaluable patients in the low-dosage group. Platelet increases occurred rapidly: by 48 hours, total platelet counts ranged from 32,000/cu mm to 256,000/cu mm, and peak platelet counts reached 38,000/cu mm to 551,000/cu mm. Adverse events (AEs) were most often mild, lasted less than 3 hours, and were usually those typically associated with immunoglobulin administration-headache, nausea, vomiting, and fever. There were two serious AES-an anaphylactoid reaction in one patient in the 400 mg/kg group and aseptic meningitis in one patient in the 1 g/kg high-dosage group. Both patients recovered without sequelae and were responders. Although the incidence of AEs varied by dosage groups, this difference was not significant. However, the incidence of AEs was affected by age. AEs were significantly lower in patients younger than 5 years of age. Conclusions: In this small, randomized trial, low-dose IVIG in 2-day regimens of 250, 400, or 500 mg/kg/day rapidly reversed thrombocytopenia just as effectively as 1 g/kg/day in infants and young children with ITP. Lower-dosage regimens are safe and well-tolerated; the incidence of AEs is lower in children younger than 5 years of age.

An association between thrombophilic genes and obstetric conditions with early pregnancy termination has been previously proposed. In the present study we attempted to evaluate the possible association between thrombophilic genetic polymorphisms and habitual abortion (HA). Samples from two groups of volunteers were analyzed. The experimental group (n100) was conformed by women attending the Centro Medico de Occidente, IMSS and their male couples, with a reproductive history ofat least three miscarriages. The reference group (n200) was composed by male and female healthy adults living in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, and polymorphisms FII G20210A , FVG1691A, MTHFR C677T, ECA IID y TNF G-308A were typed by PCR-RFLP or -SSP. Genotype proportions in the reference group were in agreement with the HardyWeinberg expectations. Allele, genotype, and phenotype proportion inter-group comparisons did not show statistically significant differences. The present results could not demonstrate that thrombophilic polymorphisms constitute risk factors for HA in Jalisco.

SeismoSpin is a novel interactive instrument that uses a Disc-Jockey-mixer analogy to give seismologists a quick and powerful way to explore Northern California earthquake data. The custom-built interface and display maps earthquake data to responsive, user-determined windows of time and geographical areas. Testers (seismologists) found that SeismoSpin provided a greater control and understanding of the dataset than current tools.

Several epidemiological studies have associated the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with the development of B-cell malignant lymphoma. However, in areas where the prevalence of HCV is low, this association has not been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to established the prevalence of HCV in patients with B-cell malignant lymphoma. The study was performed in 416 patients with new, previously untreated B-cell malignant lymphoma (236 diffuse large cell [DLC], 97 follicular lymphoma, and 83 marginal B-cell zone malignant lymphoma) and 1902 cases (682 first-degree relatives, 832 healthy blood donors, and 408 patients with solid tumors); furthermore, 353 patients with chronic liver disease associated to HCV were the control groups. We found a prevalence of 0.48 positive HCV among malignant lymphoma, 0.12 for healthy blood donors, 0 in first-degree relatives, and 0.56 in patients with solid tumors, that were statistically significant. The odds ratio was 1.86 and its confidence interval included the equality. None of the patients with chronic liver disease and HCV developed malignant lymphoma in a median follow-up of 7.9 yr. We felt that the presence of HCV is not significant in the development of malignant lymphoma, and that reports of high prevalence were associated also to a high prevalence of HCV in the general population and this association will be considered hazardous.