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Spreadsheets are one of the most popular data analysis tools, wherein users can express computation as formulae alongside data. The ensuing dependencies are tracked as formula graphs. Efficiently querying and maintaining these formula graphs is critical for interactivity across multiple settings. Unfortunately, formula graphs are often large and complex such that querying and maintaining them is time-consuming, reducing interactivity. We propose TACO, a framework for efficiently compressing formula graphs, thereby reducing the time for querying and maintenance. The efficiency of TACO stems from a key spreadsheet property: tabular locality, which means that cells close to each other are likely to have similar formula structures. We leverage four such tabular locality-based patterns and develop algorithms for compressing formula graphs using these patterns, directly querying the compressed graph without decompression, and incrementally maintaining the graph during updates. We integrate TACO into an open-source spreadsheet system and show that TACO can significantly reduce formula graph sizes. For querying formula graphs, the speedups of TACO over a baseline implemented in our framework and a commercial spreadsheet system are up to 34,972x and 632x, respectively.

Java programming language is rated as the second most active language in the world based on GitHub active repository statistic. Meanwhile, many university students are found lack interest to learn Java. Many researches have shown the positive impact of gamification in many areas of life, include education and learning. The purpose of this study is to design and build an application to learn java programming language with gamification in mind. We use Octalysis Gamification Framework to design the usage of game mechanics in the application. The application was tested on second year students to learn Java for the first half semester and evaluated using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Model and get the result of 74.27% agree that the application is well accepted by the students. Index Terms—gamification; java programming language; octalysis gamification framework

We report the observation of the existence of a possible universal limit for valence parton distributions that should exist once partonic degrees of freedom are relevant for high energy scattering from strongly interacting bound systems like a nucleon, meson or a few nucleon system at very short distances. Our observation is based on the notion that the Bjorken x weighted valence parton distribution function has a peak, $x_p$, that characterizes the average momentum fraction carried out by the valence quarks in the system. Within the residual mean-field model of the valence quark distribution we found that $x_p$ has an upper limit: $x_p \leq {1\over 2(n_V-1)}$, where $n_V$ is the number of valence quarks which can be considered in the cluster embedded in the strongly interacting environment of the bound system. The existence of such a limit imposes a new constraint on choosing the starting resolution scale $Q_0$ for PDFs. Our prediction for the nucleon is that $x_p\mid_{Q\to Q_0}\le{1\over 4}$, which is in agreement with all the available valence PDFs that employ the standard approach for selecting starting $Q_0$. We also demonstrate how the existence of this limit can be used to check the onset of quark-clusters in short range nucleon correlations in nuclei., Main article 9 pages with 5 figures

PurposeTissue-based comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) is increasingly utilized for treatment selection in patients with advanced solid tumors, however real-world tissue availability may limit widespread implementation. Here we established real-world CGP tissue availability and assessed CGP performance on consecutively received samples.Patients and MethodPost-hoc, non-prespecified analysis of 32,048 consecutive tumor tissue samples received for StrataNGS, a multiplex PCR based-CGP (PCR-CGP) test, as part of an ongoing observational trial (NCT03061305). Tumor tissue sample characteristics and PCR-CGP performance were assessed across all tested tumor samples, including exception samples not meeting minimum input requirements (2 tumor surface area [TSA], DNA or RNA yield 5yrs). Tests reporting at least one prioritized alteration or meeting all sequencing QC metrics (and ≥20% TC) were considered successful. For prostate carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma, tests reporting at least one actionable/informative alteration or those meeting all sequencing QC metrics (and ≥20% TC) were considered actionable.ResultsPCR-CGP was attempted in 31,165 of 32,048 (97.2%) consecutively received solid tumor tissue samples. Among the 31,165 tested samples, 10.7% had low (2 TSA), highlighting the challenging nature of samples received for CGP. Of the 31,101 samples evaluable for input requirements, 8,079 (26.0%) were exceptions not meeting requirements. However, 94.2% of the 31,101 tested samples were successfully reported, including 80.6% of exception samples. Importantly, 80.6% of 1,344 tested prostate carcinomas and 87.8% of 1,144 tested lung adenocarcinomas yielded results informing treatment selection.ConclusionMost real-world tumor tissue samples from patients with advanced cancer desiring CGP are limited, requiring optimized CGP approaches to produce meaningful results. An optimized PCR-CGP test, coupled with an inclusive exception testing policy, delivered reportable results for >94% of samples, potentially expanding the proportion of CGP-testable patients, and thus the impact of biomarker-guided targeted and immunotherapies.

The constituent counting ruling (CCR) has been found to hold for numerous hard, exclusive processes. It predicts the differential cross section at high energies and fixed $\cos \theta_{c.m.}$ should follow $\frac{d \sigma}{dt} \sim \frac{1}{s^{n-2}}$, where $n$ is the minimal number of constituents involved in the reaction. Here we provide an in-depth analysis of the reaction $\gamma p \rightarrow \omega p$ at $\theta_{c.m.}\sim 90^\circ$ using CLAS data with an energy range of $s = 5 - 8$ GeV$^2$, where the CCR has been shown to work in other reactions. We argue for a stringent method to select data to test the CCR and utilize a Taylor-series expansion to take advantage of data from nearby angle bins in our analysis. Na\"{i}vely, this reaction would have $n=9$ (or $n=10$ if the photon is in a $q\bar{q}$ state) and we would expect a scaling of $\sim s^{-7}$ ($s^{-8}$). Instead, a scaling of $s^{-(9.08 \pm 0.11)}$ was observed. Explanations for this apparent failure of the na\"{i}ve CCR assumptions are examined., Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures

We present a new approach for the calculation of the valence quark distributions in the nucleon based on the scenario in which the spectrum of the valence quarks at x>0.05 is generated through three main mechanisms: interaction of valence quarks with the mean field generated by the residual nucleon system, two and three quark short range interactions through gluon exchanges. In the current report we present the first phase of the project in which we develop a non-perturbative model for valence quark interaction in the mean field of the nucleonic interior to describe their distribution in the moderate x region (0.05 < x < 0.4). The short range quark-quark interaction effects in our approach generate the high x tail of valence quark distributions. The presented non-perturbative model is based on the picture in which three relativistic valence quarks occupy the nucleon core at distances of $\le 0.5$ Fm while interacting in the mean field generated by the residual nucleon system. The calculations are based on the assumption of the a factorization of the internal interaction of short-range three valence quarks with the long-range interaction of these quarks with the residual system. The theoretical approach is based on effective light-front diagrammatic approach which allows us to introduce the valence quark and residual system wave functions in a consistent way The parameters of these wave functions are fixed by the position of the peak of the xf_q(x) distribution of valence quarks at Q_0 corresponding to the charm-quark mass. With few parameters we achieved a very reasonable description of the up and down valence quark distributions in the moderate x region (x < 0.4), where one expects the mean field dynamics to dominate. The model, however, systematically underestimates the high $x$ region where enhanced contributions from partonic short-range correlations are expected., 5 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings for Light Cone 2019 - QCD on the light cone: from hadrons to heavy ions

Summary Background Stomatitis is a class effect associated with the inhibition of mTOR and is associated with everolimus therapy for breast cancer. Topical steroids might reduce stomatitis incidence and severity, and the need for dose reductions and interruptions of everolimus. Anecdotal use of topical steroid oral prophylaxis has been reported in patients with breast cancer. We aimed to assess dexamethasone-based mouthwash for prevention of stomatitis in patients with breast cancer. Methods This US-based, multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 prevention study enrolled women aged 18 years and older with postmenopausal status who had histologically or cytologically confirmed metastatic hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. Beginning on day 1 of cycle 1, patients received everolimus 10 mg plus exemestane 25 mg daily, with 10 mL of alcohol-free dexamethasone 0·5 mg per 5 mL oral solution (swish for 2 min and spit, four times daily for 8 weeks). After 8 weeks, dexamethasone mouthwash could be continued for up to eight additional weeks at the discretion of the clinician and patient. The primary endpoint was incidence of grade 2 or worse stomatitis by 8 weeks assessed in the full analysis set (patients who received at least one dose of everolimus and exemestane and at least one confirmed dose of dexamethasone mouthwash) versus historical controls from the BOLERO-2 trial (everolimus and exemestane treatment in patients with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer who were not given dexamethasone mouthwash for prevention of stomatitis). This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02069093. Findings Between May 28, 2014, and Oct 8, 2015, we enrolled 92 women; 85 were evaluable for efficacy. By 8 weeks, the incidence of grade 2 or worse stomatitis was two (2%) of 85 patients (95% CI 0·29–8·24), versus 159 (33%) of 482 patients (95% CI 28·8–37·4) for the duration of the BOLERO-2 study. Overall, 83 (90%) of 92 patients had at least one adverse event. The most frequently reported grade 3 and 4 adverse events in the safety set were hyperglycaemia (seven [8%] of 92 patients), rash (four [4%]), and dyspnoea (three [3%]). Serious adverse events were reported in 20 (22%) patients; six (7%) were deemed treatment related, with dyspnoea (three [3%]) and pneumonia (two [2%]) reported most frequently. 12 (13%) of 92 patients had adverse events suspected to be related to treatment that led to discontinuation of everolimus and exemestane (the most common were rash, hyperglycaemia, and stomatitis, which each affected two [2%] patients). Interpretation Prophylactic use of dexamethasone oral solution substantially reduced the incidence and severity of stomatitis in patients receiving everolimus and exemestane and could be a new standard of oral care for patients receiving everolimus and exemestane therapy. Funding Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation.

El presente trabajo estudia la influencia que tiene la segmentación basada en color en el análisis de imágenes microscópicas. Para el efecto se ha creado una herramienta que permita caracterizar el comportamiento de los algoritmos de segmentación [1] enfocándose en la componente de color como parámetro de evaluación. Estos resultados son valorados analíticamente por medio de un método estadístico basado en el análisis de curvas ROC. La herramienta implementada cuenta con tres módulos principales que son: Módulo de generación semi-automática de plantillas, módulo implementación de algoritmos de segmentación y módulo de evaluación. Para el diseño e implementación de esta herramienta, varios meses de investigación en áreas como Visión por Computador, Estadística y Medicina fueron requeridos, lo cual nos permite comprender la importancia que tiene la evaluación cuantitativa de algoritmos de segmentación antes de que formen parte de una solución en visión por computador. Los experimentos realizados con la herramienta fueron realizados con imágenes de células cervico uterinas (muestras provistas por APROFE) y digitalizadas con los equipos facilitados por el Centro de Visión y Robótica: También se implementaron dos algoritmos de segmentación ampliamente usados en el análisis de imágenes microscópicas watershed y meanshift, cuyos resultados fueron evaluados.

Electrical charges can generate photon emission in nanoscale quantum systems by two independent mechanisms. First, radiative recombination of pairs of oppositely charged carriers generates sharp excitonic lines. Second, coupling between currents and collective charge oscillations results in broad plasmonic bands. Both luminescence modes can be simultaneously generated upon charge carrier injection into thin C-60 crystallites placed in the plasmonic nanocavity of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Using the sharp tip of the STM as a subnanometer-precise local electrode, we show that the two types of electroluminescence are induced by two separate charge transport channels. Holes injected into the valence band promote exciton generation, whereas electrons extracted from the conduction band cause plasmonic luminescence. The different dynamics of the two mechanisms permit controlling their relative contribution in the combined bimodal emission. Exciton recombination prevails for low charge injection rates, whereas plasmon decay outshines for high tunneling currents. The continuous transition between both regimes is described by a rate model characterizing emission dynamics on the nanoscale. Our work provides the basis for developing blended exciton-plasmon light sources with advanced functionalities.

We report on scanningtunneling microscopy (STM) topographs ofindividual metal phthalocyanines (MPc) on a thin salt (NaCl) filmadsorbed on a gold substrate, at tunneling energies within the molecule'selectronic transport gap. Theoretical models of increasing complexityare discussed. The calculations for MPcs adsorbed on a thin NaCl layeron Au(111) demonstrate that the STM pattern rotates with the molecule'sorientations in excellent agreement with the experimental data.Thus, even the STM topography obtained for energies in the transportgap represent the structure of a one atom thick molecule. It is shownthat the electronic states inside the transport gap can be ratheraccurately approximated by linear combinations of bound molecularorbitals (MOs). The gap states include not only the frontier orbitalsbut also surprisingly large contributions from energetically muchlower MOs. These results will be essential for understanding processes,such as exciton creation, which can be induced by electrons tunnelingthrough the transport gap of a molecule.