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The first purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of feedback seeking behavior in the process of openness to experience and perceived organizational support for creativity on creative performance. The second purpose was to examine whether self-efficacy moderates the effects of openness to experience and perceived organizational support for creativity on feedback seeking behavior. An online survey was conducted on employees from domestic companies and a total of 284 data were analyzed. The structural equation modeling and multiple regression analysis results are as follows. First, the effects of openness to experience and perceived organizational support for creativity on creative performance was statistically significant. Second, the mediating effect of feedback-seeking behavior was significant in the openness to experience and perceived organizational support for creativity on creative performance. Third, the moderating effect of self-efficacy was significant in the relationship between perceived organizational support for creativity and feedback-seeking behavior. Specifically, the positive relationship between perceived organizational support for creativity and feedback-seeking behavior was stronger when the self-efficacy was high rather than low. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed., 본 연구의 첫 번째 목적은 경험에 대한 개방성과 창의성에 대한 조직지원인식이 창의적 수행에 미치는 영향에서 피드백 추구 행동의 매개효과를 확인하는데 있다. 두 번째 목적은 경험에 대한 개방성과 창의성에 대한 조직지원인식이 피드백 추구 행동에 미치는 영향을 자기효능감 수준에 따라 달라지는지를 확인하는데 있다. 이를 위해 국내 기업의 남녀 직장인을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 실시하였고 총 284명의 자료가 분석에 이용되었다. 구조방정식과 다중회귀분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경험에 대한 개방성과 창의성에 대한 조직지원인식은 창의적 수행에 정적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 경험에 대한 개방성과 창의성에 대한 조직지원 인식이 창의적 수행에 영향을 주는 과정에서 피드백 추구 행동의 매개효과가 유의하게 나타났다. 셋째, 창의성에 대한 조직지원인식과 피드백 추구 행동 간의 관계를 자기효능감이 조절하는 것으로 나타났는데, 창의성에 대한 조직지원인식이 피드백 추구 행동에 미치는 정적 영향을 자기효능감이 강화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 연구의 시사점과 제한점의 논의되었다.

Leo Lai, Therese Javier, Sol Lee, Ron P Gallemore Department of Clinical Research, Retina Macula Institute, Torrance, CA, USACorrespondence: Ron P Gallemore, Department of Clinical Research, Retina Macula Institute, 4201 Torrance Blvd, Torrance, CA, 90503, USA, Tel +1 310 - 944 – 9393, Fax +1 310 - 944 – 3393, Email rongallemoremd@gmail.comPurpose: To report a case of misdiagnosed choroidal hemangioma, initially treated as central serous retinopathy (CSR) complicated by choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and to improve the proper identification of this disorder.Observations: Fundus images revealed a subtle, elevated choroidal lesion with an associated exudative detachment and choroidal vascular lesion on indocyanine green (ICG) angiography. Combined treatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT) and anti-VEGF therapy led to resolution of fluid and improvement in VA from 20/50 to 20/25.Conclusion: It is critical to understand the clinical features of choroidal hemangiomas and their physical presentation on retinal testing to diagnose and treat them in a timely and appropriate manner.Keywords: macular edema, subretinal fluid, CSR, central serous retinopathy, diagnostic testing

Sol Lee,1 Kamalesh K Sankhala,2 Swaraj Bose,3 Ron P Gallemore1 1Department of Clinical Research, Retina Macula Institute, Torrance, CA, USA; 2Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Beverly Hills, CA, USA; 3NeuroOphthalmology & Orbital Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Towers, NeuroEyeOrbit Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USACorrespondence: Ron P GallemoreDepartment of Clinical Research, Retina Macula Institute, 4201 Torrance Blvd, Suite 220, Torrance, CA, 90503, USATel +1 310-413-7020Email rongallemoremd@gmail.comPurpose: To report a case of combined central retinal vein and artery occlusion that evolved into ischemic optic neuropathy following the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccination.Methods: Patient was followed with optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography, and Humphrey visual field.Results: Patient was able to recover vision from count fingers to 20/30 on a combination of aflibercept, steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, a diuretic (acetazolamide), antiplatelet agents (aspirin and pentoxifylline), and an anticoagulant (apixaban).Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination may be associated with a myriad of sight-threatening ocular thrombotic conditions, which may respond to a combination of anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant therapies.Keywords: COVID-19 vaccine, Pfizer, vascular thrombosis, NAION

Sol Lee, Ron P Gallemore Retina Macula Institute, Torrance, CA, 90503, USACorrespondence: Ron P Gallemore 4201 Torrance Blvd, Suite 220, Torrance, CA, 90503, USATel +1 310 413-7020Email rongallemoremd@gmail.comPurpose: To present a successful case of macular hole surgery in a patient with dome-shaped maculopathy (DSM).Observations: Patient with DSM had successful closure of a full-thickness macular hole with surgery. There was persistent subretinal fluid after the surgery, which showed some response to a combination of a diuretic and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).Conclusions and Importance: Full-thickness macular hole in DSM may be effectively managed with modern surgical techniques.Keywords: macular hole surgery, dome-shaped maculopathy, serous retinal detachment, spironolactone, NSAID

The omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is known to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in many types of cancers. However, the roles of DHA in drug-resistant cancer cells have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of DHA in cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer SNU-601/cis2 cells. DHA was found to induce ROS-dependent apoptosis in these cells. The inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) blocker 2-aminoethyl diphenylboninate (2-APB) reduced DHA-induced ROS production, consequently reducing apoptosis. We also found that G-protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120), a receptor of long-chain fatty acids, is expressed in SNU-601/cis2 cells, and the knockdown of GPR120 using specific shRNAs alleviated DHA-mediated ROS production and apoptosis. GPR120 knockdown reduced the expression of ER stress response genes, similar to the case for the pre-treatment of the cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an ROS scavenger, or 2-APB. Indeed, the knockdown of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), a transcription factor that functions under ER stress conditions, markedly reduced DHA-mediated apoptosis, indicating that CHOP plays an essential role in the anti-cancer activity of DHA. These results suggest that GPR120 mediates DHA-induced apoptosis by regulating IP3R, ROS, and ER stress levels in cisplatin-resistant cancer cells, and that GPR120 is an effective chemotherapeutic target for cisplatin resistance.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-mrj-10.1177_00222437211050351 for Home-Tutoring Services Assisted with Technology: Investigating the Role of Artificial Intelligence Using a Randomized Field Experiment by Jun Hyung Kim, Minki Kim, Do Won Kwak and Sol Lee in Journal of Marketing Research

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-mrj-10.1177_00222437211050351 for Home-Tutoring Services Assisted with Technology: Investigating the Role of Artificial Intelligence Using a Randomized Field Experiment by Jun Hyung Kim, Minki Kim, Do Won Kwak and Sol Lee in Journal of Marketing Research

The family of group IV-VI monochalcogenides has an atomically puckered layered structure, and their atomic bond configuration suggests the possibility for the realization of various polymorphs. Here, we report the synthesis of the first hexagonal polymorph from the family of group IV-VI monochalcogenides, which is conventionally orthorhombic. Recently predicted four-atomic-thick hexagonal GeSe, so-called ��-GeSe, is synthesized and clearly identified by complementary structural characterizations, including elemental analysis, electron diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging, and polarized Raman spectroscopy. The electrical and optical measurements indicate that synthesized ��-GeSe exhibits high electrical conductivity of 3x10^5 S/m, which is comparable to those of other two-dimensional layered semimetallic crystals. Moreover, ��-GeSe can be directly grown on h-BN substrates, demonstrating a bottom-up approach for constructing vertical van der Waals heterostructures incorporating ��-GeSe. The newly identified crystal symmetry of ��-GeSe warrants further studies on various physical properties of ��-GeSe., 24 pages, 5 figures

Jaycob Avaylon,1 Sol Lee,2 Ron P Gallemore2 1California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA; 2Retina Macula Institute, Torrance, CA, USACorrespondence: Ron P GallemoreRetina Macula Institute, 4201 Torrance Blvd., Ste 220, Torrance, CA 90503, USATel +1 310 413-7020Email rongallemoremd@gmail.comPurpose: To report a case series of initial responses to intravitreal brolucizumab in patients already undergoing anti-VEGF therapy for wet age-related macular degeneration.Case Series: Six eyes (6 patients) with a history of wet age-related macular degeneration presented with either decline in vision or no improvement while undergoing treatment with anti-VEGF therapy – aflibercept or bevacizumab. Patients were switched to intravitreal brolucizumab. Four weeks post-injection, there was no significant change in visual acuity. Optical coherence tomography scans were taken and improved IRF/SRF, central macular thickness and average pericentral thickness were observed in all 6 patients. No serious adverse reactions were observed, including signs of vasculitis or increase in anterior chamber cell count at the 4-week follow-up for all 6 patients.Conclusion: Intravitreal brolucizumab appears to be a safe and limitedly effective option for patients with recalcitrant CNV from wet AMD.Keywords: macular degeneration, anti-VEGF, brolucizumab, wet AMD, choroidal neovascularization &nbsp

Assigning cell identities in dense image stacks is critical for many applications, for comparing data across animals and experiment conditions, and investigating properties of specific cells. Conventional methods are laborious, require experience, and could introduce bias. We present a generalizable framework based on Conditional Random Fields models for automatic cell identification. This approach searches for optimal arrangements of labels that maximally preserves prior knowledge such as geometrical relationships. The algorithm shows better accuracy and more robust handling of perturbations, e.g. missing cells and position variability, with both synthetic and experimental ground-truth data. The framework is generalizable across strains, imaging conditions, and easily builds and utilizes active data-driven atlases, which further improves accuracy. We demonstrate the utility in gene-expression pattern analysis, multi-cellular calcium imaging, and whole-brain imaging experiments. Thus, our framework is highly valuable to a wide variety of annotation scenarios including in zebrafish, Drosophila, hydra, and mouse brains.

Supplemental material, supplementary_file for The Economic Burden of Brain Disability in Korea, 2008-2011 by Hyun-Jin Kim, Seung Hee Ho, Sol Lee, In-Hwan Oh, Ju Hee Kim, Eun Joo Kim and Seong Jae Lee in INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing

Recently, various functional construction materials based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are being researched; however, there are very few examples of practical use due to cost and workability obstacles. In order to overcome these limitations, we studied the electrical characteristics of multi-phase cement composites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and economical pitch-based carbon fiber (CF). Test specimens with various formulations of the CF length, content, and water/cement (w/c) ratio are manufactured and their properties are evaluated. The pitch-based CFs used in the experiments were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The resistance of the conductive cement composites was measured by a two-probe method, and the viscosity was evaluated using a rheometer immediately after the mixing process. In addition, the internal structure of the specimens was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and by micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) analyses. It was observed that the incorporation of CFs into the CNT-embedded cement composite causes the CFs to serve as a bridge between CNT particles, thus maintaining the homogeneity of the conductive network in the composites. In addition, although an increase of the w/c ratio improved the viscosity of the composites by 90%, the electrical resistivity was retained due to the bridging effect of the CF.

Background. Among the surgical methods for lumbar disc herniation, open lumbar microdiscectomy is considered the gold standard. Recently, percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy is also commonly performed for lumbar disc herniation for its various strong points. Objectives. The present study aims to examine whether percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and open lumbar microdiscectomy show better results as surgical treatments for lumbar disc herniation in the Korean population. Methods. In the present meta-analysis, papers on Korean patients who underwent open lumbar microdiscectomy and percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy were searched, both of which are surgical methods to treat lumbar disc herniation. The papers from 1973, when percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy was first introduced, to March 2018 were searched at the databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. Results. Seven papers with 1254 patients were selected. A comparison study revealed that percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy had significantly better results than open lumbar microdiscectomy in the visual analogue pain scale at the final follow-up (leg: mean difference [MD]=-0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]=-0.61, -0.09; p=0.009; back: MD=-0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]=-1.42, -0.17; p=0.01), Oswestry Disability Index (MD=-2.12; 95% CI=-4.25, 0.01; p=0.05), operation time (MD=-23.06; 95% CI=-32.42, -13.70; p

Bar-code (tag) microarrays of yeast gene-deletion collections facilitate the systematic identification of genes required for growth in any condition of interest. Anti-sense strands of amplified bar-codes hybridize with ~10,000 (5,000 each for up- and down-tags) different kinds of sense-strand probes on an array. In this study, we optimized the hybridization processes of an array for fission yeast. Compared to the first version of the array (11 µm, 100K) consisting of three sectors with probe pairs (perfect match and mismatch), the second version (11 µm, 48K) could represent ~10,000 up-/down-tags in quadruplicate along with 1,508 negative controls in quadruplicate and a single set of 1,000 unique negative controls at random dispersed positions without mismatch pairs. For PCR, the optimal annealing temperature (maximizing yield and minimizing extra bands) was 58°C for both tags. Intriguingly, up-tags required 3 higher amounts of blocking oligonucleotides than down-tags. A 1:1 mix ratio between up- and down-tags was satisfactory. A lower temperature (25°C) was optimal for cultivation instead of a normal temperature (30°C) because of extra temperature-sensitive mutants in a subset of the deletion library. Activation of frozen pooled cells for >1 day showed better resolution of intensity than no activation. A tag intensity analysis showed that tag(s) of 4,316 of the 4,526 strains tested were represented at least once; 3,706 strains were represented by both tags, 4,072 strains by up-tags only, and 3,950 strains by down-tags only. The results indicate that this microarray will be a powerful analytical platform for elucidating currently unknown gene functions.

Twenty three different Xylariaceae Tul. & C. Tul were isolated from samples collected from forest zones of Thailand and Philippines. The fungal samples were characterized based on morphological characteristics and nuclear ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 region sequences. Ten species of Xylaria, two species of Hypoxylon, Biscogniauxia, Rosellinia and one species of Annulohypoxylon and Entonaema were found. Entonaema the distinctive genus of Xylariaceae, isolated in the study from Thailand samples showed a close relationship withXylaria in phylogenetic tree. Xylariaceous species identified at molecular level showed significant similarity of the morphological characters, such as stromal structure, ascal apex and the germ slit of ascospores. In addition, three species of Arthrinium, two species of Pestalotiopsis were also isolated and characterized in the study. A phylogenetic affinity of Pestalotiopsis with Xylariaceae was found.

Purpose Human saliva, as a vital part of the immune defense system, contains a number of distinct proteins and peptides. Recently human common salivary protein 1 (CSP1) has been identified as an abundant salivary protein and may play a role in promoting the binding of cariogenic bacteria to salivary pellicles. However, nothing else is known regarding the role of CSP1 in periodontology. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare CSP1 levels between healthy subjects and periodontal patients. Methods This controlled clinical study was conducted in periodontally healthy individuals and patients with chronic periodontitis Chonbuk National University Hospital, with Institutional Review Board approval. Whole saliva samples were collected from 36 healthy subjects and 33 chronic periodontitis patients and analyzed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immune blotting were conducted to ensure that anti-CSP1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) binds to CSP1 in human saliva. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system was house-fabricated using mAb-hCSP1#14 and mAb-hCSP1#4 as a capture and a detector mAb, respectively. The CSP1 concentrations in saliva from 36 healthy subjects and 33 periodontal patients were quantified using the CSP1 sandwich ELISA system, and the results were analyzed using the Student’s t-test. Results Immunoblot analysis using mAb-hCSP1 as a probe confirmed that CSP1 in human saliva existed as a single band with a molecular weight of approximately 27-kDa. The quantification of CSP1 concentrations by CSP1 ELISA showed that the median values (25th to 75th percentiles) of periodontal patients and healthy subjects were 9,474 ng/mL (range, 8,434–10,139 ng/mL) and 8,598 ng/mL (range, 7,421–9,877 ng/mL), respectively. The Student’s t-test indicated the presence of a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P=0.024). Conclusions The presence of a significant difference in CSP1 levels between healthy subjects and periodontal patients suggests that CSP1 may be a potential biomarker for the detection or screening of periodontitis patients., Graphical Abstract

The side effects of tamoxifen are generally mild, including the effect on lipoprotein metabolism. However, there are few cases of severe tamoxifen induced hypertriglyceridemia. Hypertriglyceridemia is a marked risk factor for acute pancreatitis and approximately 2% to 5% of cases of acute pancreatitis are related to drugs. We report on tamoxifen-induced hypertriglyceridemia and acute pancreatitis in a 40 years old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus occurred by dexamethasone. She was treated with insulin infusion and fenofibrate, and goserelin acetate was started instead of tamoxifen after discharge from the hospital. Also, probable pathogenic hypotheses about the correlation between tamoxifen and dexamethasone induced type 2 diabetes mellitus on severe acute pancreatitis are provided. Clinicians should take care of risks of severe acute pancreatitis on using tamoxifen, especially for patients with dexamethasone induced diabetes mellitus. These individuals should undergo pre-post tamoxifen lipid screening and careful history taking of drugs, including dexamethasone.