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This thesis analyses the development of social welfare in South Korea.The purpose of the study is threefold: (1) to examine the determinants of social policy in Korea; (2) to evaluate the outcomes of its social policy; (3) to explore a strategy for the development of the Korean welfare state. As a research methodology, both historical-comparative and normative-evaluative approaches are used.\ud \ud The Korean experience of the development process of social welfare shows a unique trajectory which distinguishes it from such processes in most advanced industrial nations. Unliked advanced European welfare states, Korea was a late-comer to industrialisation and democratisation. The delays to industrialisation and democratisation have critically affected the development of Korean social policy. Social conflicts and labour movements have been harshly repressed by the state in pursuit of rapid economic growth. No leftist party exists, and party politics has yet to be institutionalised. Furthermore, globalisation is becoming a serious challenge to the Korean economy. This picture is quite different to those found in the advanced welfare states in their formative years of social policy development.\ud \ud Korea's development strategy is most often characterised as a 'growth first, distribution later' policy. In the same vein, the basic approach to social policy has been one of 'family protection first, social protection last' policy. Consequently, the level of social welfare is still at a preliminary stage in terms of its coverage and benefits. The level and quality of services and benefits are also so low that they often do not suffice to sustain a decent life. With respect to equality, Korean social policy is not effective in reducing inequality. This is mainly due to the unfair tax system, the low level of social expenditure, and the restricted coverage of social welfare programmes.\ud \ud In Korea, recent democratisation has triggered a simultaneous explosion of long-suppressed social demands in areas affecting social equality and the quality of life. In addition, the Korean social structure in the 21st century will differ sharply from that of today. changes in life cycles, the family and gender roles, as well as the momentous changes that will eventually flow from national unification, will profoundly alter expectations of social welfare. For the development of social welfare in Korea, this thesis suggests that the Korean welfare state should ideally be based on harmony between the free-market ideals of efficiency and self-support, and non-market ideals of equality and solidarity. For this model to be implemented effectively in Korea, five basic directions are suggested: the satisfaction of basic needs, the enhancement of equality, an integrated approach to economic and social policy, the development of future-oriented social services, and the establishment of a new partnership in welfare between the state and the private sector.

Recently, the Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) system has been growing with many promising features in technology and applications fields. Especially, a lot of efforts for the application of RFID system in the field of logistics management have been conducted. In addition, in logistics section of steel industry a remarkable efficiency can be attained by application of the RFID system. However, in the RFID system applied for the steel industry, lots of problems were found to be solved in recognition of the tags and antennas. This paper presents the feasibility of deploying RFID in the steel industry as a tool for reduction of the production cost. An application of the steel industry to RFID-based tracking management system was proposed. The results of this paper showed that the recognition rate of material input and output was found 100 percent and secured 99 percent of detection rate in the location. In conclusion, the proposed RFID-based tracking management system was approved superior to the existing system in terms of productivity.

We propose a modified two-tone method that could be used for sensitive measurements of the intrinsic microwave surface impedance (Zs) of thin superconductor films and the tand of a low-loss dielectric. An open-gap resonator scheme is used to measure the penetration depth of thin superconductor films and extract the intrinsic Zs of the superconductor films from its measured effective surface resistance and penetration depth. We use a very small gap of 10 um between the top plate and the rest parts of the resonator. The loss tangent of rutile in the low 10^-7 range and the dielectric constant as high as ~110 are observed at temperatures below 10 K at ~15.2 GHz, which enable to measure the Rs of the 10 mm-in-diameter YBCO films as low as \~100 micro-ohm at the same frequency (f). The discrepancy between the effective surface resistance at ~15.2 GHz and that at ~8.5 GHz scaled to ~15.2 GHz appears less than 6 % when the relations of Rs ~ f^2 and loss tangent ~ f are used. We describe usefulness of our measurement method for measuring the intrinsic microwave properties of various superconductor samples., 6 pages, 7 figures. To be published in IEEE Transaction on applied superconductivity June (2005)

The surface resistance (Rs) and the real part (sigma_1) of the microwave complex conductivity of a ~380 nm-thick polycrystalline MgB2 film with the critical temperature (Tc) of 39.3 K were investigated at ~8.5 GHz as a function of temperature. Two coherence peaks were observed in the sigma_1 versus temperature curve at temperatures of ~0.5 Tc and ~0.9 Tc, respectively, providing a direct evidence for the two-gap nature of MgB2. The film appeared to have a pi-band gap energy of 1.8 meV. For the MgB2 film ion-milled down to the thickness of ~320 nm, two coherence peaks were still observed with the first conductivity peak at ~0.6 Tc. Reduction of Tc by 3 K and reduced normal-state conductivity at Tc were observed along with an enhanced pi-band gap energy of 2.1 meV and a reduced Rs at temperatures below 15 K for the ion-milled film. Calculations based on the gap energies from the weak coupling Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory and the strong coupling theory suggest that both the sigma-band and the pi-band contribute to sigma_1 of the polycrystalline MgB2 films significantly. Our results are in contrast with the observation of single coherence peak at ~0.6 Tc and dominant role of the pi-band in the microwave conductivity of c-axis oriented MgB2 films as reported by Jin et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 127006 (2003)]. Variations in the inter-band coupling constants with the level of disorder can account for the different Tc and sigma_1 behavior for the as-grown and ion-milled films. Our results suggest that enhanced inter-band scattering can improve microwave properties of MgB2 filims at low temperatures due to the larger pi-band gap despite the reduction of Tc., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures (cond-mat/0403644 is replaced by this version)

The film thickness should be known for extracting the intrinsic surface resistance from the effective surface resistance as measured by using the dielectric resonator method. Thicknesses of 70 nm to 360 nm are measured for YBa2Cu3O7−δ films in a non-invasive way by using the two-resonant-mode dielectric resonator (TDR) method. A rutile resonator with the respective resonant frequencies of 15.25–15.61 GHz and 15.10–15.37 GHz for the TE021 and the TE012 modes is used for this purpose. Differences between the values as measured by using the TDR technique and those measured by using a step profilometer appear to be less than 3%, which is smaller than the previous value of 5% as measured by using a 8.6 GHz single-resonance mode rutile resonator [Lee et al. J. Korean Phys. Soc. 54(2009)1619]. Merits of using the TDR method are discussed.

Despite the ever-growing interest in micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) as a promising power source for microelectronics, their low areal energy density has plagued practical applications. Herein, accordion foldable MSCs (af-MSCs) are presented as a cell architectural strategy in contrast to traditional material-driven approaches. The constituent unit cells of an in-plane MSC array are compactly stacked in a confined device footprint via accordion folding. Decoupling the energy storage (MSC cells) and folding section (electrical interconnection between the cells) in the MSC array, in combination with neutral plane-controlled flexible hydrophobic cellulose nanofiber (CNF) substrates, enables the realization of the af-MSCs. The af-MSCs achieve high areal integration density with a fill factor of 81.1% and on-demand (in-series/in-parallel) cell configurations owing to the microscale direct-ink-writing of rheology-tuned MSC cell components on the CNF substrates. The af-MSC with a miniaturized footprint (22.75 mm(2)) achieves exceptional areal electrochemical performances (areal energy density of 89.2 mu Wh cm(-2)), which exceed those of previously reported in-plane MSCs.

This paper reviews zero energy building programs and regulations in the USA, Europe, Australia and South Korea, and suggest the implication of zero energy housing (ZEH) policy for low-income households to allow for better access, management and modification of homes. Low-income households in Australia are most vulnerable to 'energy poverty' due to ever increasing energy costs such as electricity and gas services. This study identifies three barriers in promoting zero energy housing for low-income households, its affordability, accessibility and occupants' behaviours. It suggests that both provision of financial incentives and assistance for zero energy housing retrofit is required as a regulatory practice in Australia. Refereed/Peer-reviewed