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People with HIV (PWH) have a >2-fold greater risk for development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which may be associated with abnormalities in 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) profile. We conducted a nested case-control study of ABPM in 137 PWH and HIV-uninfected controls with normal and high clinic blood pressure (BP) in Tanzania. Nocturnal non-dipping of heart rate (HR) was significantly more common among PWH than HIV-uninfected controls (p = .01). Nocturnal non-dipping of BP was significantly more common in PWH with normal clinic BP (p = .048). Clinical correlates of nocturnal non-dipping were similar in PWH and HIV-uninfected adults and included higher BMI, higher CD4+ cell count, and high C-reactive protein for HR and markers of renal disease for BP. In conclusion, nocturnal non-dipping of both BP and HR was more common in PWH but further research is needed to determine causes and consequences of this difference.

The purpose of this study is to present the value of preventive medicine and the direction and meaning of healthy life for modern-day people with a number of health issues through a literary review of physical activities as part of preventive medicine through the curing method stated in Donguibogam. Heo Jun said that the human body consists of three major components of Jeong, Gi and Shin, which serve as the elements of vital activities engaging in a mutually organic relationship. Apparently, cleansing one’s heart and eliminating vain greed is one of the most fundamental and the best ways to prevent illness from the perspective of today’s preventive medicine. That is, a proper understanding of the condition and status of our body and correct identification of various symptoms will be the best way to maintain health and to prevent diseases in a preventive manner. Once we understand our physical body properly, we will not use our body in a reckless manner, which leads to the phrase of ‘too much is as bad as too little’ from the recuperative perspective of Donguibogam. Therefore, Donguibogam still presents outstanding meanings and implications from the viewpoint of preventive medicine intended to prevent and cure frequent modern-day diseases. I hope that modern people inevitably engaging in irregular and precarious lifestyle will be able to live a healthier life through an ideal harmony of recuperative physical activities and regular and correct diet habits. Health is not given for free. It is required to sustain a steady practice in the right direction. The effort to back up this academically and to suggest the right direction will work in a complementary and harmonious manner in multidisciplinary approach, combining physical education with medicine.

Supplemental material, SMM876957 Supplemental Material for Adjusting a subject-specific time of event in longitudinal studies by Hyunkeun Ryan Cho, Seonjin Kim and Myung Hee Lee in Statistical Methods in Medical Research

Cancer progression is mediated by processes that are also important in wound repair. As a result, cancers have been conceptualized as overhealing wounds or wounds that do not heal, and gene expression signatures reflective of wound repair have shown value as predictors of breast cancer survival. Despite the widespread acknowledgment of commonalities between host responses to wounds and host responses to cancer, the gene expression responses of normal tissue adjacent to cancers have not been well characterized. Using RNA extracted from histologically normal breast tissue from 107 patients, including 60 reduction mammoplasty patients and 47 cancer patients, we measured whole genome expression profiles and identified a gene expression signature that is induced in response to breast cancer. This signature represents an in vivo wound response signature that is differentially expressed in the normal tissue of breast cancer patients compared to those without disease and is highly accurate (at least 92% sensitivity and 98% specificity) in distinguishing diseased and nondiseased. The in vivo wound response signature is highly prognostic of breast cancer survival and there is a strong association between the groups identified by this signature and those identified using serum-treated fibroblasts and other microenvironment-derived or -related signatures. The prevalence of the wound response signature in histologically normal tissue adjacent to breast cancer suggests that microenvironment response is an important variable in breast cancer progression and may be an important target for clinical interventions.

This dissertation consists of three parts regarding High Dimensional Low Sample Size (HDLSS) data analysis. Dimension reduction techniques in high dimensional space, based on a small number of direction vectors, will be the common theme. In the first part of the dissertation, Continuum Regression, originally proposed by Stone and Brooks (1990), will be understood as a family of methods for searching among direction vectors. Continuum Regression includes three popular methods- Ordinary Least Squares, Partial Least Squares, and Principal Component Regression - as special cases. The novel use of Continuum Regression in HDLSS settings will be illustrated by an application to microarray experiments. In the second part of the dissertation, we will extend the Continuum Regression idea to the challenging case of paired HDLSS data. The extended method, Continuum Canonical Correlation, is proposed, as a family of methods for searching direction vectors over two high dimensional spaces simultaneously. The last part of the dissertation studies the HDLSS asymptotic behavior of the maximum covariance direction vectors over two data spaces, i.e., the singular vectors of the sample cross-covariance matrix. We find some conditions under which consistency and strong inconsistency of the singular vectors in HDLSS is observed.