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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-acr-10.1177_02841851211065143 for Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of chronic kidney disease: an experimental in vivo study using rat chronic kidney disease models by Sang Youn Kim, Hyeonjin Kim, Joongyub Lee, Sung II Jung, Min Hoan Moon, Kwon Wook Joo and Jeong Yeon Cho in Acta Radiologica

Additional file 1. Table S1. ICD-10-CM codes for Charlson Comorbidities Index-related comorbidities. Table S2. ICD-10 codes for Elixhauser comorbidities. Fig. S1. Illustration of PDC calculation and sensitivity analysis. Fig. S2. Adherence to and persistence with MITT of patients with COPD.

The new kidney allocation system in the United States has introduced longevity matching, which gives priority to allocating the best quality organs to wait-listed candidates with the longest predicted survival for the efficient utilization of organs that are of limited availability. The estimated post-transplant survival (EPTS) score was developed in the United States to risk-stratify all wait-listed patients. However, prognostic indices used in Western countries were derived from data that may be different for Korea and do not necessarily reflect prognostic values for Korean deceased donor kidney transplantation. Prognostic indices for Korean wait-listed candidates therefore need to be developed from Korean data.We analyzed 6,731 adult solitary kidney transplant patients for candidate risk prediction using the national data from the Korean Network for Organ Sharing (KONOS) and National Health Insurance Data Sharing Service (NHISS). Cox regression analysis was used to model the risk of patient death.The Korean EPTS (K-EPTS) score was developed based on four recipient parameters (age, diabetes mellitus, hepatitis C virus, and duration of dialysis) that showed a significant association with post-transplant survival. K-EPTS scores showed good discrimination (C-statistics 0.690; 95% confidence interval, 0.666-0.715). Moreover, the ability of the K-EPTS score to discriminate patient survival was better than that of the EPTS according to the criteria of the United Network for Organ Sharing (US-EPTS) score (P0.001).The K-EPTS score, which was developed based on Korean national data, is expected to contribute to the assessment of recipient prognosis and efficient utilization of deceased donor kidneys.

The health benefits of physical activity (PA) are well known. However, the association between an adequate amount of moderate–vigorous PA (MVPA) and clinical outcomes has limited evidence in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We assessed PA using a self-administered questionnaire. The amount of MVPA was categorized into four groups: none, low, moderate, and high (0, &lt, 7.5, 7.5–14.9, and 15.0–29.9 metabolic equivalent-hours/week, respectively). We analyzed the association between the amount of MVPA and clinical outcomes. Among a total of 1909 adults with CKD, adults with MVPA showed various beneficial outcomes compared to those with no MVPA in a Kaplan–Meier curve followed over a median of 5.9 years. In multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, a low and a moderate amount of MVPA was associated with a lower risk of all-cause death. A moderate amount of MVPA was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events. A high amount of MVPA was associated with a lower risk of end-stage kidney disease in ESKD in 1324 adults with eGFR &lt, 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Age and sex modified the relationships between MVPA and clinical outcomes. MVPA is associated with various beneficial outcomes across the amount of MVPA. PA plans should be tailored for individual adults with CKD.

In a simulation study evaluating the residual effects of taking a single night-time dose of hypnotics among health individuals on collision anticipation capacities in the next morning, investigators found no residual effect by having taken a capsule of zolpidem. In a real world, however, zolpidem is frequently consumed not only by sleep disorder patients without any other comorbidities, but also patients with multiple chronic diseases. A post-marketing study of zolpidem revealed the incidence of the residual daytime sedation being 3.7%, which was reported to be unlikely based on various experimental circumstances with selected participants demonstrating negligible impairments. In fact, several studies with real world settings have reported positive relationship between the zolpidem and the traffic accident. while evidence among Asian population is scant. Recent analysis of national health insurance data of Taiwan showed use of zolpidem at night of the previous day might be associated with an increased risk of motor vehicle collision (MVC) related hospitalization. The study used 1 million patient sample data of whole Taiwan population to identified hospitalized drivers with MVCs and prescription record of the zolpidem before the hospitalization. However, the inclusion of MVC leading to only hospitalization might have led to underrepresentation of fatal cases that had no admission record. Moreover, the study was limited by lack of control for important confounders, because no information on detailed context of MVCs or alcohol consumptions was available. We aimed to evaluate the risk of fatal MVCs by use of zolpidem considering the context of the MVCs.

Objective: To determine the association between incident proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and Clostridium difficile infections across multiple countries Method: National data covering the total population in Australia and Korea, the Canadian population over 65 years and a 3 million person random sample data set from Taiwan were assessed, as were data from a worker insurance population and a hospital inpatient/outpatient population in Japan. Sequence symmetry analysis was used to assess the association with oral vancomycin dispensing as the outcome of interest. Results: 54,957 patients were included. Positive associations were observed in Australia; adjusted sequence ratio (ASR) 2.48 (95% CI 1.90, 3.12), Korea ASR 2.15 (95%CI 2.11, 2.19), Canada ASR 1.45 (95% CI 1.16, 1.79), Japan hospital dataset ASR 3.21 (95%CI 2.12, 4.55) and Japan worker insurance dataset ASR 5.40 (95% CI 2.73, 8.75). The pooled result was ASR 2.40 (95%CI 1.88, 3.05) and 3.16 (95%CI 1.95, 5.10) when limited to Japan, Korean and Taiwan. Results did not vary by individual PPI. The temporal analysis showed effects within the first two weeks of PPI initiation. Conclusion: Our study confirms the association between PPI initiation and C. difficile infections across countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Refereed/Peer-reviewed