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Charaxes mtuiae Collins Congdon and Bampton, 2017 was discovered in 2005 in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania, where the caterpillars feed exclusively on Diospyros natalensis. This study was aimed at determining the abundance and spatial distribution of C. mtuiae and its host plant, as well as its evolutionary history. Field surveys were conducted between April 2017 and December 2018. Stems of the host plant were counted in sampling plots and their diameter at breast height measured, and categorised as mature if the diameter was ≥ 12 cm, otherwise as recruits. Charaxes mtuiae was sampled by searching for immatures on the leaves of the host plant and capturing adults using traps. DNA material of C. mtuiae was extracted, sequenced, and aligned with 63 other species of Charaxes. A total of 1,173 stems of the host plant including 1,064 recruits and 102 mature stems were recorded. One specimen of C. mtuiae found at caterpillar stage was raised to adulthood, and three empty pupa cases of C. mtuiae were recorded. The phylogenetic relationship of C. mtuiae and its sister lineages was concordant with previous descriptions, based on morphology. Our results indicate that C. mtuiae is rare, despite the high abundance of its host plant. Continued research and monitoring of C. mtuiae population to understand its ecological requirements; and expansion of surveys into other parts of the country where the host plant occurs to establish its distribution country-wide are recommended.

Leblanc, Luc (2022): Erratum to Leblanc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 2022 (951), No. 1: 1, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7473243, {"references":["Leblanc L. 2022. Erratum to Leblanc (2022): The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania. Insecta Mundi 0951: 1."]}

Bactrocera (Bulladacus) penefurva Drew, 1989 Figure 65 Distribution. Papua New Guinea (mainland). Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal). Male lure. No known lure. Host plants. Records in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands: COMBRETACEAE: Terminalia catappa, T. kaernbacchii. GNETACEAE: Gnetum gnemon. Edible hosts common names. Okari nut, tropical almond., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 137, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI. 1989. The tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of the Australasian and Oceanian regions. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 26: 1 - 521."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) obliquivenosa Drew and Romig, 2001 Figure 54 Distribution. Solomon Islands (Kolombangara). Male lure. Methyl eugenol. Host plants. No known hosts. Notes. This species is known only from its holotype., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 133, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI, Romig M. 2001. The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of Bougainville, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Australian Journal of Entomology 40: 113 - 150."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) reclinata Drew, 1989 Figure 75 Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal). Male lure. Methyl eugenol. Host plants. No known host. Notes. The Solomon Islands record is based on a single male collected in a methyl eugenol trap in Honiara (Guadalcanal)., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 140, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI. 1989. The tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of the Australasian and Oceanian regions. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 26: 1 - 521."]}

Bactrocera (Bulladacus) pacificae Drew and Romig, 2001 Figure 58 Distribution. Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal, Santa Cruz). Male lure. No known lure. Host plants. GNETACEAE: Gnetum gnemon., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 135, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI, Romig M. 2001. The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of Bougainville, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Australian Journal of Entomology 40: 113 - 150."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) aithogaster Drew, 1989 Figure 7 Distribution. Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal). Male lure. No known lure. Host plants. No known host., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 111, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI. 1989. The tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of the Australasian and Oceanian regions. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 26: 1 - 521."]}

Bactrocera (Calodacus) calophylli (Perkins and May, 1949) Figure 17 Distribution. India (Andaman Island). Thailand. Peninsular Malaysia. Singapore. Australia (Queensland). Papua New Guinea (mainland). Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal). Vanuatu (Santo). Palau. Male lure. No known lure. Host plants. Records in Palau, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu: CALOPHYLLACEAE: Calophyllum inophyllum, C. peekelii., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 113, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Perkins FA, May AWS. 1949. Studies in Australian and Oriental Trypetidae. Papers of the University of Queensland Department of Biology 2: 1 - 21."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) minuta (Drew, 1971) Figure 46 Distribution. Solomon Islands (Santa Cruz). Vanuatu (Torres Islands, Banks Islands, Santo, Malekula, Ambae, Maewo, Pentecost, Ambrym, Epi-Paama-Tongoa, Efate, Erromanga, Tanna, Aneityum). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. Host records in Vanuatu: APOCYNACEAE: Cerbera manghas, C. odollam. MORACEAE: Antiaris toxicaria. Biology. Adults mate at dusk (Allwood 1997). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 118., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 130, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI. 1971. New species of Dacinae (Diptera: Trypetidae) from the South Pacific area. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences. 28: 29 - 103."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) umbrosa (Fabricius, 1805) Breadfruit fruit fly (= Dacus fascipennis Wiedemann, 1819, Bactrocera fasciatipennis Doleschall, 1856, Dacus conformis Walker, 1856, Dacus diffusus Walker, 1860, Dacus frenchi Froggatt, 1909, Bactrocera lacerata White and Evenhuis, 1999) Figure 84 Distribution (Fig. 105). Vietnam. Cambodia. Thailand. Philippines. Malaysia (Peninsular, East). Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, West Timor). Australia (Christmas Island, Torres Strait Islands). Papua New Guinea (mainland, New Britain, New Ireland, Manus, Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristobal, Rennell and Bellona, Santa Cruz, Reef Islands). Vanuatu (Torres Islands, Banks Islands, Santo, Malekula, Ambae, Maewo, Pentecost, Ambrym, Epi-Paama-Tongoa, Efate, Erromanga, Tanna, Aneityum). New Caledonia (mainland, Maré, Lifou). Palau. Male lure. Methyl eugenol. Weak attraction to isoeugenol and methyl-isoeugenol (Royer et al. 2018). Host plants. Category B pest (Vargas et al. 2015) of Artocarpus spp. Records in New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu: MORACEAE: Artocarpus altilis, A. heterophyllus. Edible hosts common names. breadfruit, jackfruit. Biology. Adults mate at dusk, (Allwood 1997). Occurs in very large populations in lowland areas, and populations peak in December-January in the Solomon Islands, which corresponds to the main breadfruit season (Vagalo et al. 1997). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figures 131, 132. Notes. The only pest dacine species known to be naturally distributed across Lydekker’s line (Krosch et al. 2019)., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Fabricius JC. 1805. Systema antliatorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adiectis, synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Reichard; Brunswick, Gremany. 373 p.","Wiedemann CRW. 1819. Beschreibung neuer zweiflugler aus Ostindien und Afrika. Zoological Magazine (Wiedemann's) 1: 1 - 39.","Doleschall CL. 1856. Eerste bijdrage tot de kennis der dipterologische fauna van Nederlandsch Indie. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie 10: 403 - 414.","Walker F. 1856. Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Singapore and Malacca by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Journal of Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Zoology. London 1: 4 - 39.","Walker F. 1860. Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Makessar in Celebes, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species [conclusion]. Journal of Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Zoology. London 4: 90 - 172.","Froggatt WW. 1909. Part III. Fruit flies. A general account of the flies belonging to the family Trypetidae, that damage sound fruit, with descriptions of the different species (some described as new) and their habits, range, and suggestions for destroying them. p. 73 - 115. In: Official report on fruit fly and other pests in various countries 1907 - 1908. Report on parasitic and injurious insects. New South Wales Department of Agriculture; Sydney, Australia. 115 p.","White IM, Evenhuis NL 1999. New species and records of Indo-Australasian Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 47: 487 - 540.","Royer JE, Agovaua S., Bokosou J, Kurika K, Mararuai A, Mayer DG, Niangu B. 2018. Responses of fruit flies to new attractants in Papua New Guinea. Austral Entomology 57: 40 - 49.","Vargas RI, Pinero JC, Leblanc L. 2015. An overview of pest species of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the integration of biopesticides with other biological approaches for their management with a focus on the Pacific region. Insects 6: 297 - 318.","Vagalo M, Hollingsworth RG, Tsatsia F. 1997. Fruit fly fauna in Solomon Islands. p. 81 - 86. In: Allwood AJ, Drew RAI (eds.). Management of fruit flies in the Pacific. ACIAR Proceedings No 76. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research; Canberra. 267 p.","Krosch MN, Schutze MK, Newman J, Strutt F, Bryant LM, McMahon J, Clarke AR. 2019. In the footsteps of Wallace: population structure in the breadfruit fruitfly, Bactrocera umbrosa (F.) (Diptera: Tephritidae), suggests disjunction across the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Austral Entomology 58: 602 - 613."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) bancroftii (Tryon, 1927) Figure 13 Distribution. Indonesia (West Timor). Australia (Queensland). Papua New Guinea (mainland). Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal). Male lure. Methyl eugenol (weak attraction). Host plants. Category D minor pest bred from mulberry in Australia (Vargas et al. 2015). Bred from Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner and Morus nigra L. (Moraceae) in Australia (Hancock et al. 2000). Records in Papua New Guinea: EUPHORBIACEAE: Pimelodendron amboinicum. RUBIACEAE: Nauclea orientalis, Neolamarckia cadamba. Notes. The Solomon Islands record is based on a single specimen collected in 1995 from a methyl eugenol trap in Dodo Creek (Guadalcanal) (Drew and Romig 2001)., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 112, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Tryon H. 1927. Queensland fruit flies (Trypetidae). Series 1. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 38: 176 - 224.","Vargas RI, Pinero JC, Leblanc L. 2015. An overview of pest species of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the integration of biopesticides with other biological approaches for their management with a focus on the Pacific region. Insects 6: 297 - 318.","Hancock DL, Hamacek EL, Lloyd AC, Elson-Harris MM. 2000. The distribution and host plants of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Australia. Queensland Department of Primary Industries Information Series; Brisbane, Australia. 75 p.","Drew RAI, Romig M. 2001. The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of Bougainville, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Australian Journal of Entomology 40: 113 - 150."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) phaea (Drew, 1971) Figure 69 Distribution. Papua New Guinea (mainland, New Britain, New Ireland (Lihir Island only), Manus). Solomon Islands (Isabel, Florida, Guadalcanal). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. Record in Solomon Islands: ZINGIBERACEAE: Alpinia purpurata., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 138, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI. 1971. New species of Dacinae (Diptera: Trypetidae) from the South Pacific area. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences. 28: 29 - 103."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) atrabifasciata Drew and Romig, 2001 Figure 12 Distribution. Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Gizo, Isabel, Florida, Guadalcanal). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. No known host., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 112, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI, Romig M. 2001. The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of Bougainville, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Australian Journal of Entomology 40: 113 - 150."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) longicornis Macquart, 1835 Figure 42 Distribution. Papua New Guinea (New Britain). Solomon Islands (Ghaghe Island, in Isabel Province). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. No known hosts. Notes. This was the first species to be described from Oceania, the earliest use of the generic name Bactrocera, published by Macquart (1835), and the second dacine fly species described, preceded only by the description of Musca oleae Rossi, 1790 (now known as Bacrocera oleae). This historic species description is reproduced on Figure 2. Former New Ireland and Bougainville records of B. longicornis actually are of B. denigrata (Drew, 1971), declared a junior synonym of B. longicornis by Hardy (1976) and reinstated as a valid species by Drew and Romig (2022), based on the examination of specimens collected in East New Britain by the author of this publication, among which the one on Figure 42. The differences between the two species are outlined in Drew and Romig (2022). No additional specimens of B. longicornis have been collected in the Solomon Islands, other than Macquart’s original holotype., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 128, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Macquart J. 1835. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Dipteres. Vol. 2. In \" Nouvelles suites a Buffon, formant avec les oeuvres de cet auteur, un cours complet d'histoire naturelle \". Roret; Paris, France. 703 p.","Rossi, P. 1790. Fauna etrusca. Sistens insecta quae in provinciis Florentina et Pisana praesertim collegit. Vol. 2. Liburni [= Livorno]. 348 p.","Drew RAI. 1971. New species of Dacinae (Diptera: Trypetidae) from the South Pacific area. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences. 28: 29 - 103.","Hardy DE. 1976. Resurrection of Bactrocera Macquart and clarification of the type-species, longicornis Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Hawaii 22: 245 - 249.","Drew RAI, Romig MC. 2022. The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua, associated islands and Bougainville. CABI; Wallingford, UK. 124 p."]}

Dacus (Neodacus) perpusillus Drew, 1971, restored combination Figure 91 Distribution. New Caledonia (mainland, Maré, Lifou). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. No known host. Biology. Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 135. Notes. This species was originally described as Dacus (Asiadacus) perpusillus Drew, 1971 and later reassigned as Bactrocera (Sinodacus) perpusilla (Drew) by Drew (1989). More recently, it was transferred to genus Zeugodacus, as Z. (Sinodacus) perpusillus (Drew) (DeMeyer et al. 2015; Doorenweerd et al. 2018) or treated as Bactrocera (Parasinodacus) perpusilla (Drew) by Hancock and Drew (2017b). A close morphological examination of fresh specimens collected by the author in New Caledonia in 2019 clearly shows that this species belongs to genus Dacus and subgenus Neodacus, as defined by Drew and Romig (2013, 2022), further confirmed by genetic data (Doorenweerd et al. 2020). I am therefore reassigning this species as Dacus (Neodacus) perpusillus Drew., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 150, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI. 1971. New species of Dacinae (Diptera: Trypetidae) from the South Pacific area. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences. 28: 29 - 103.","Drew RAI. 1989. The tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of the Australasian and Oceanian regions. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 26: 1 - 521.","Doorenweerd C, Leblanc L, Norrbom AL, San Jose M, Rubinoff R. 2018. A global checklist of the 932 fruit fly species in the tribe Dacini (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 730: 17 - 54.","Hancock DL, Drew RAI. 2017 b. A review of the Indo-Australian subgenus Parasinodacus Drew & Romig of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae). Australian Entomologist 44: 277 - 288.","Drew RAI, Romig MC. 2013. Tropical fruit flies of South-East Asia. CABI; Wallingford, UK. 655 p.","Drew RAI, Romig MC. 2022. The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua, associated islands and Bougainville. CABI; Wallingford, UK. 124 p.","Doorenweerd C, San Jose M, Leblanc L, Barr N, Geib S, Chung AYC, Dupuis J, Ekayanti A, Fiegalan ER, Hemachandra KS, Hossain MA, Huang CL, Hsu YF, Morris KY, Mustapeng AM, Niogret J, Pham TH, Sirisena UGAI, Rubinoff D. 2020. DNA barcodes and reliable molecular identifications in a diverse group of invasive pests: lessons from Bactrocera fruit flies on variation across the COI gene, introgression, and standardization. bioRxiv preprint. Available at https: // doi. org / 10.1101 / 2020.11.23.394510 (Last accssed July 13, 2022.)"]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) melanogaster Drew, 1989 Figure 44 Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal). Male lure. Methyl eugenol. Host plants. No known hosts., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on pages 128-129, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI. 1989. The tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of the Australasian and Oceanian regions. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 26: 1 - 521."]}

Zeugodacus (Javadacus) fuscipennulus (Drew and Romig, 2001) Figure 97 Distribution. Solomon Islands (Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Guadalcanal, San Cristobal). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. No known host., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 152, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI, Romig M. 2001. The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of Bougainville, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Australian Journal of Entomology 40: 113 - 150."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) picea (Drew, 1972) Figure 70 Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita). Male lure. Methyl eugenol. Host plants. No known host., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 138, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI. 1972. Additions to the species of Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae) from the South Pacific area with keys to species. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 11: 185 - 231."]}

Bactrocera (Bulladacus) unipunctata (Malloch, 1939) Figure 86 Distribution. Solomon Islands (Florida). Male lure. No known lure. Host plants. No known host. Notes. This species is known only from the damaged teneral male holotype, collected nearly a century ago. Drew and Hancock (2016) tentatively reassigned it to subgenus Bulladacus, based on a combination of characters typical of that subgenus, but were unable to confirm the presence of a bulla on the wing., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 146, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Malloch JR. 1939. Solomon Islands Trypetidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4: 228 - 277.","Drew RAI, Hancock DL. 2016. A review of the subgenus Bulladacus Drew and Hancock of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae), with description of two new species from Papua New Guinea. Australian Entomologist 43: 189 - 210."]}

Bactrocera (Tetradacus) pagdeni (Malloch, 1939) Figure 59 Distribution. Solomon Islands (Kolombangara, Florida, Guadalcanal). Male lure. Zingerone. Host plants. No known host. Notes. This species was only known by its holotype (Drew and Romig 2001) and one specimen at the Bishop Museum (Honolulu, Hawaii), until large numbers were collected with the deployment of zingerone-baited traps (Hancock and Drew 2018a, Leblanc et al. 2021)., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 135, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Malloch JR. 1939. Solomon Islands Trypetidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4: 228 - 277.","Drew RAI, Romig M. 2001. The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of Bougainville, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Australian Journal of Entomology 40: 113 - 150.","Hancock DL, Drew RAI. 2018 a. A review of the subgenera Apodacus Perkins, Hemizeugodacus Hardy, Neozeugodacus May, stat. rev., Semicallantra Drew and Tetradacus Miyake of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae). Australian Entomologist 45: 105 - 132.","Leblanc L, Tsatsia F, Doreenweerd C. 2021. Novel lures and COI sequences reveal cryptic new species of Bactrocera fruit flies in the Solomon Islands (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacini). Zookeys 1957: 49 - 103."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) grandistylus Drew and Hancock, 1995 Figure 36 Distribution. New Caledonia (Maré). Male lure. No known lure. Host plants. EBENACEAE: Diospyros fasciculosa., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 126, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI, Hancock DL. 1995. New species, subgenus and records of Bactrocera Macquart from the South Pacific (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 34: 7 - 11."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) simulata (Malloch, 1939) Figure 79 Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristobal, Rennell and Bellona, Santa Cruz). Vanuatu (Santo, Malekula, Ambae, Ambrym, Epi-Paama-Tongoa, Efate). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. Record in Solomon Islands: CUCURBITACEAE: Coccinia grandis. Edible host common name: Ivy gourd. Biology. Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 127. Notes. This species is nearly identical to B. geminosimulata (Fig. 34) (Leblanc et al. 2021). They are genetically distinct and distinguished by a subtle but consistent difference in wing infuscation (Leblanc et al. 2021)., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 141, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Malloch JR. 1939. Solomon Islands Trypetidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4: 228 - 277.","Leblanc L, Tsatsia F, Doreenweerd C. 2021. Novel lures and COI sequences reveal cryptic new species of Bactrocera fruit flies in the Solomon Islands (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacini). Zookeys 1957: 49 - 103."]}

Bactrocera (Calodacus) hastigerina (Hardy, 1954) Figure 37 Distribution. Papua New Guinea (New Britain). Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal). Male lure. No known lure. Host plants. Category D minor pest (Vargas et al. 2015). Host plant in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands: ANACARDIACEAE: Spondias dulcis. Edible host common name: Jew plum., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 126, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Hardy DE. 1954. The Dacus subgenera Neodacus and Gymnodacus of the world. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 56: 5 - 23.","Vargas RI, Pinero JC, Leblanc L. 2015. An overview of pest species of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the integration of biopesticides with other biological approaches for their management with a focus on the Pacific region. Insects 6: 297 - 318."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) aterrima (Drew, 1972) Figure 10 Distribution. Papua New Guinea (New Britain, New Ireland, Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Kolombangara, Isabel, Guadalcanal). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. No known host., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 112, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI. 1972. Additions to the species of Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae) from the South Pacific area with keys to species. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 11: 185 - 231."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) atra (Malloch, 1938) Figure 11 Distribution. French Polynesia (Austral Islands: Raivavae). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. No known host., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 112, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Malloch JR. 1938. Trypetidae of the Mangarevan expedition. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 14: 111 - 116."]}

Zeugodacus (Javadacus) hamaceki (Drew and Romig, 2001) Figure 99 Distribution. Solomon Islands (Kolombangara, Isabel, Guadalcanal). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. No known host., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 153, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI, Romig M. 2001. The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of Bougainville, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Australian Journal of Entomology 40: 113 - 150."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) allodistincta Leblanc and Doorenweerd, 2021 Figure 8 Distribution. Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. No known host., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 111, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) enochra (Drew, 1972) Figure 26 Distribution. PNG (mainland, New Britain, Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Gizo, Kolombangara, Isabel, Guadalcanal). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. Record in Papua New Guinea: STEMONURACEAE: Medusanthera laxiflora., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI. 1972. Additions to the species of Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae) from the South Pacific area with keys to species. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 11: 185 - 231."]}

Bactrocera (Parazeugodacus) kolombangarae Leblanc and Doorenweerd, 2021 Figure 40 Distribution. Solomon Islands (Kolombangara, Guadalcanal). Male lure. Zingerone. Host plants. No known hosts., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 128, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) vargasi Leblanc and Doorenweerd, 2021 Figure 88 Distribution. Solomon Islands (Kolombangara, Guadalcanal). Male lure. Zingerone. Host plants. No known host., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 147, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862

Dacus (Callantra) solomonensis Malloch, 1939 Figure 92 Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Choiseul, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristobal). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. Category B pest of cucurbits (Vargas et al. 2015). Records in Solomon Islands: CUCURBITACEAE: Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Luffa acutangula, L. cylindrica, Trichosanthes cucumerina. Biology. At 25°C, eggs hatch after 46 hours, median larval development time is 12 days, and pupal stage duration is nine days. Adults start mating 16 days after emergence (Tsatsia and Hollingsworth 1997). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 136. Edible hosts common names. Angled luffa, cucumber, luffa, snakegourd, squash., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on pages 150-151, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Malloch JR. 1939. Solomon Islands Trypetidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4: 228 - 277.","Vargas RI, Pinero JC, Leblanc L. 2015. An overview of pest species of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the integration of biopesticides with other biological approaches for their management with a focus on the Pacific region. Insects 6: 297 - 318.","Hollingsworth RG, Vagalo M, Tsatsia F. 1997. Biology of melon fly, with special reference to Solomon Islands. p. 140 - 144. In: Allwood AJ, Drew RAI (eds.). Management of fruit flies in the Pacific. ACIAR Proceedings No 76. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research; Canberra. 267 p."]}

Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) amoenus (Drew, 1972) Figure 95 Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Isabel). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. No known host., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 151, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI. 1972. Additions to the species of Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae) from the South Pacific area with keys to species. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 11: 185 - 231."]}

Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) gracilis (Drew, 1972) Figure 98 Distribution. Vanuatu (Malekula). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. No known host., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 153, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI. 1972. Additions to the species of Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae) from the South Pacific area with keys to species. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 11: 185 - 231."]}

Zeugodacus (Javadacus) abdoangustus (Drew, 1972) Figure 94 Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Isabel, Guadalcanal, Malaita). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. No known host., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 151, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI. 1972. Additions to the species of Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae) from the South Pacific area with keys to species. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 11: 185 - 231."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) obscura (Malloch, 1931) Figure 55 Distribution. Fiji (Rotuma Island only). Futuna. Wallis. Samoa (Savai’i, Manono, Upolu). American Samoa. Tonga (Tongatapu Group, Vava’u Group, Niuas Group). Niue. Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. No known hosts. Adults were bred from an unidentified fruit in Fiji. Biology. Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 122., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 134, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Malloch JR. 1931. Diptera, Trypetidae. Insects of Samoa VI (7): 253 - 266."]}

Bactrocera (Daculus) oleae (Rossi, 1790) Olive fruit fly Figure 57 Distribution. Continental Africa. Réunion. Southern Europe, Middle East. Pakistan. India. California (detected 1998). Hawaii (Hawaii Island, Maui; detected 2019). Male lure. No known lure. Host plants. Category A destructive pest of olive fruits (Vargas et al. 2015). OLEACEAE: Olea spp. Biology. Adults mate at dusk (Ahmad et al. 2018). In California, females live at most six months, laying as many as 500 eggs (Rice 2000). Eggs hatch in two to three days, larval development takes about 20 days and pupal stage duration in fruit takes 8–10 days (Rice 2000)., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on pages 134-135, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Rossi, P. 1790. Fauna etrusca. Sistens insecta quae in provinciis Florentina et Pisana praesertim collegit. Vol. 2. Liburni [= Livorno]. 348 p.","Vargas RI, Pinero JC, Leblanc L. 2015. An overview of pest species of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the integration of biopesticides with other biological approaches for their management with a focus on the Pacific region. Insects 6: 297 - 318.","Ahmad S, Haq I, Caceres C, Sto Tomas U, Dammalage T, Gembinsky K, Paulus H, Vreysen MJB, Rempoulakis P. 2018. One for all: Mating compatibility among various populations of olive fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) for application of the sterile insect technique. PLoS ONE 13 (11): e 0206739.","Rice R. 2000. Bionomics of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera (Dacus) oleae. University of California Plant Protection Quarterly 10: 1 - 5."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) samoae Drew, 1989 Figure 77 Distribution. Samoa (Savai’i, Upolu). Male lure. No known lure. Host plants. ANNONACEAE: Cananga odorata. APOCYNACEAE: Cerbera odollam, Ochrosia oppositifolia. ARALIACEAE: Polyscias sp. CALOPHYLLACEAE: Calophyllum inophyllum. COMBRETACEAE: Terminalia catappa. EBENACEAE: Diospyros foliosa. GENTIANACEAE: Fagraea berteroana. RUBIACEAE: Guettarda speciosa. RUTACEAE: Micromelum minutum, Murraya paniculata. Edible host common name: Tropical almond. Notes. This species, not attracted to male lures, is virtually indistinguishable from two other cue-lure-attracted species referred to as Bactrocera species near passiflorae (Fig. 63, 64)., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on pages 140-141, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI. 1989. The tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of the Australasian and Oceanian regions. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 26: 1 - 521."]}

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Thermal death kinetics and heat tolerance in early and late third instars of oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 84: 1298-1303.", "Jang EB. Nagata JT, Chan HT, Laidlaw WJ. 1999. Thermal death kinetics in eggs and larvae of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) and comparative thermotolerance to three other tephritid fruit fly species in Hawaii. Journal of Economic Entomology 92: 684-690.", "Kassim A. 1993. Regional fruit fly project. Sixth/Final progress report. 1st July 1992-30th November 1993. Cook Islands. 51 p.", "Krosch MN, Schutze MK, Newman J, Strutt F, Bryant LM, McMahon J, Clarke AR. 2019. In the footsteps of Wallace: population structure in the breadfruit fruitfly, Bactrocera umbrosa (F.) (Diptera: Tephritidae), suggests disjunction across the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Austral Entomology 58: 602-613.", "Leblanc L. 1997. Fruit fly fauna in Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Palau, Kiribati, Northern Marianas and Marshall Islands. p. 64-67. In: Allwood AJ, Drew RAI (eds.). Management of fruit flies in the Pacific. ACIAR Proceedings No 76. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research; Canberra. 267 p.", "Leblanc L, Allwood AJ. 1997. Mango fruit fly (Bactrocera frauenfeldi): Why so many in Federated States of Micronesia? p. 125-130. In: Allwood AJ, Drew RAI (eds.). Management of fruit flies in the Pacific. ACIAR Proceedings No 76. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research; Canberra. 267 p.", "Leblanc L, Balagawi S, Mararuai A, Putulan D, Tenakanai D, Clarke AR. 2001a. Fruit flies in Papua New Guinea. Secretariat of the Pacific Community. Plant Protection Service. Pest Advisory Leaflet 37: 1-12.", "Leblanc L, Fay H, Sengebau F, San Jose M, Rubinoff D, Pereira R. 2015. A survey of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) and their Opiine parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Palau. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 47: 55-66.", "Leblanc L, Graham S, McNeil S, Pohlman K, Dinneen M, Fujita B. 2014. Abundance and seasonal occurrence of pest fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in residential and rural areas of Oahu (Hawaiian Islands). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. 46: 9-24.", "Leblanc L, Hollingsworth R. 1997. Rate of development of the immature stages of Bactrocera frauenfeldi in papaya-based diet. p. 164-167. In: Allwood AJ, Drew RAI (eds.). Management of fruit flies in the Pacific. ACIAR Proceedings No 76. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research; Canberra. 267 p.", "Leblanc L, Tora Vueti E, Drew RAI, Allwood AJ. 2012. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) in the Pacific Islands. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 44: 11-53.", "Leblanc L, Tora Vueti E, Allwood AJ. 2013a. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) in the Pacific Islands: 2. Infestation statistics on economic hosts. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 45: 83-117.", "Leblanc L, Tsatsia F, Doreenweerd C. 2021. Novel lures and COI sequences reveal cryptic new species of Bactrocera fruit flies in the Solomon Islands (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacini). Zookeys 1957: 49-103.", "Leblanc L, Vargas RI, Putoa R. 2013b. From eradication to containment: invasion of French Polynesia by Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and releases of natural enemies: a 17-year case study. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 45: 31-43.", "Leblanc L, Vueti ET, Allwood AJ. 2001b. FAO/AusAID/UNDP/SPC Project on regional management of fruit flies in the Pacific. Terminal report (May 1997-December 2000). Secretariat of the Pacific Community. Suva, Fiji. 150 p. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.33832.39681 (Last accessed July 13, 2022.)", "Leweniqila L, Allwood AJ, Tora Vueti E, Ralulu L, Balawakula A. 1997a. Rate of development of immature stages of Bactrocera passiflorae (Froggatt) in eggplant and papaya. p. 164-167. In: Allwood AJ, Drew RAI (eds.). Management of fruit flies in the Pacific. ACIAR Proceedings No 76. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research; Canberra. 267 p.", "Leweniqila L, Heimoana V, Purea M, Munro L, Allwood AJ, Ralulu L, Tora Vueti E. 1997b. Seasonal abundances of Bactrocera facialis (Coquillett), B. passiflorae (Froggatt), B. xanthodes (Broun) and B. melanotus (Coquillett) in orchard and forest habitats. p. 121-124. In: Allwood AJ, Drew RAI (eds.). Management of fruit flies in the Pacific. ACIAR Proceedings No 76. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research; Canberra. 267 p.", "Lidner B, McLeod P. 2008. A review and impact assessment of ACIAR's fruit-fly research partnerships, 1984-2007. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR). Impact Assessment Series 56. 164 p.", "Lin M-G, Wang X-J, Zeng L. 2011. Three new species of the genus Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera, Tephritidae) from Hainan, China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 36: 896-900.", "Liquido NJ, McQuate GT, Birnbaum AL, Hanlin MA, Nakamichi KA, Inskeep JR, Ching AJF, Marnell SA, Kurashima RS. 2021. A review of recorded host plants of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), Version 4.0. Available online at: USDA Compendium of Fruit Fly Host Information (CoFFHI), https://coffhi.cphst. org/.", "Litsinger JA, Fakalata OK, Faluku TL, Crooker PS, von Keyserlingk N. 1991. A study of fruit fly species (Tephritidae) occuring in the Kingdom of Tonga. p. 177-190. In: Vijaysegaran S, Ibrahim AG (eds.). First international symposium on fruit flies in the tropics, Kuala Lumpur, 1988. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institu

Zeugodacus (Javadacus) cucurbitae (Coquillett, 1899) Melon fly (= Dacus aureus Tseng and Chu, 1982, Dacus yuiliensis Tseng and Chu, 1992) Figure 96 Distribution (Fig. 129). Widespread throughout tropical Asia, from Pakistan to Taiwan and south to New Guinea (introduced) and Solomon Islands (introduced); introduced to Africa, the Middle East, and various islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans (see distribution map in Vargas et al. 2015). Papua New Guinea (mainland, New Britain, New Ireland, Manus, Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, New Georgia, Isabel, Russell, Guadalcanal, Malaita). Hawaii (all islands; detected 1895). Guam (detected 1936, eradicated 1965 but re-introduced from Northern Mariana Islands in 1981). Northern Mariana Islands (detected 1936). Kiribati (Christmas Island; detected 1987, eradicated 1989). Nauru (detected 1982, eradicated 1999, reintroduced 2002). Male lure. Cue-lure. Weak attraction to zingerone, dihydroeugenol, and methyl-isoeugenol (Royer et al. 2018). Host plants. Category A severe pest of cucurbit crops (Vargas et al. 2015), also bred from a diversity of other families, with a total of 136 host taxa in 30 families (Allwood et al. 1999; McQuate et al. 2016).Records in Guam, Nauru, Northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands: CUCURBITACEAE: Citrullus lanatus, Coccinia grandis, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Luffa acutangula, L. cylindrica, Momordica charantia, Trichosanthes cucumerina. FABACEAE: Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata. MALVACEAE: Abelmoschus esculentus. SOLANACEAE: Solanum lycopersicum. Edible hosts common names. Angled luffa, bittergourd, common bean, cucumber, ivy gourd, luffa, okra, snakebean, snakegourd, squash, tomato, watermelon. Biology. Adults mate at dusk (Waterhouse 1993). Rate of development was summarized by Waterhouse (1993). Female flies start laying eggs, primarily on cucurbits, 11–12 days after their emergence from pupae. Eggs are laid in batches of 1– 40 eggs in young to ripe fruits, but also on flowers, buds and even leaf stalks and stems of host cucurbits. One female may lay over 1000 eggs during her life. Oviposition peaks occur in the morning and late afternoon. Eggs hatch in about 24 hours. Development time varies from 4 to 17 days (larva) and 7 to 13 days (pupa), depending on temperature and host. In the Solomon Islands, development from egg to adult takes 13 days at 29°C. In Hawaii, at 24°C, eggs hatch in 1.3 days, larval development takes 6.6 days and pupal stage lasts 10.2 days (Vargas et al. 1996). Adults are long-lived, typically up to 150 days, but as long as 240–460 days under cooler temperature. This species is uncommon in the forest. Monthly trapping data is illustrated on Figures 137, 138, and was also published in Hollingsworth et al. (1997). The parasitoid Psyttalia fletcheri (Silvestri) was introduced from India to Hawaii in 1916, and subsequently from Hawaii to the Mariana Islands in 1950 (Waterhouse 1993) and the Solomon Islands in 1997 (Hollingsworth 2003). Notes. Heat tolerance was studied in Hawaii (Jang 1986). Melon fly was eradicated from the Northern Mariana Islands in 1963 through sterile insect releases (Steiner et al. 1965a), but re-introduced from Guam in 1981 (Wong et al. 1989). It was first detected in the Solomon Islands on Shortland in 1984, then Kolombangara, Choiseul and Gizo in 1985, Isabel in 1988, Malaita in 1994, and Guadalcanal in 1995, where initial attempts for eradication were unsuccessful (Waterhouse 1993; Hollingsworth et al. 1997; Vagalo et al. 1997). It was also detected on Christmas Island (Kiribati) in 1987, and eradicated through a 2-year interruption in cucurbit cultivation (Waterhouse 1993). It was easily eradicated from Nauru in 1998–1999, using male annihilation and limited protein bait spray applications, aided by a drought that had reduced host fruit availability (Allwood et al. 2002). It was, however, re-introduced to Nauru in 2002, likely aided by Air Nauru passenger flights from Guam (SPC 2002)., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on pages 151-152, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Coquillett DW. 1899. A new trypetid from Hawaii. Entomological News 10: 129 - 130.","Tseng YH, Chu YI. 1982. A new fruit fly from Taiwan (Diptera: Tephritidae). Chinese Journal of Entomology 2: 85 - 90.","Tseng YH, Chen CC, Chu YI. 1992. The fruit flies. Genus Dacus Fabricius of Taiwan (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Taiwan Museum 45: 15 - 91.","Vargas RI, Pinero JC, Leblanc L. 2015. An overview of pest species of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the integration of biopesticides with other biological approaches for their management with a focus on the Pacific region. Insects 6: 297 - 318.","Royer JE, Agovaua S., Bokosou J, Kurika K, Mararuai A, Mayer DG, Niangu B. 2018. Responses of fruit flies to new attractants in Papua New Guinea. Austral Entomology 57: 40 - 49.","Allwood AJ, Chinajariyawong A, Drew RAI, Hamacek EL, Hancock DL, Hengsawad C, Jipanin JC, Jirasurat M, Kong Krong C, Kritsaeneepaiboon S, Leong CTS, Vijaysegaran S. 1999. Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in South East Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Supplement 7: 1 - 92.","Waterhouse DF. 1993. Pest fruit flies in the Oceanic Pacific. p. 4 - 47. In: Waterhouse DF. Biological control. Pacific Prospects. Supplement 2. ACIAR Monograph No 20. 138 p.","Vargas RI, Walsh WA, Jang EB, Armstrong JW, Kanehisa DT. 1996. Survival and development of immature stages of four Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared at five constant temperatures. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 89: 64 - 69.","Hollingsworth RG, Vagalo M, Tsatsia F. 1997. Biology of melon fly, with special reference to Solomon Islands. p. 140 - 144. In: Allwood AJ, Drew RAI (eds.). Management of fruit flies in the Pacific. ACIAR Proceedings No 76. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research; Canberra. 267 p.","Hollingsworth RG, Drew RAI, Allwood AJ, Romig M, Vagalo M, Tsatsia F. 2003. Host plants and relative abundance of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species in the Solomon Islands. Australian Journal of Entomology 42: 95 - 108.","Jang EB. 1986. Kinetics of thermal death in eggs and first instars of three species of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 79: 700 - 705.","Wong TY, Cunningham RT, McInnis DO, Gilmore JE. 1989. Spatial distribution and abundance of Dacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Rota, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Environmental Entomology 18: 1079 - 1082.","Vagalo M, Hollingsworth RG, Tsatsia F. 1997. Fruit fly fauna in Solomon Islands. p. 81 - 86. In: Allwood AJ, Drew RAI (eds.). Management of fruit flies in the Pacific. ACIAR Proceedings No 76. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research; Canberra. 267 p.","Allwood AJ, Vueti ET, Leblanc L, Bull R. 2002. Eradication of introduced Bactrocera species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Nauru using male annihilation and protein bait application techniques. p. 19 - 25. In: Veitch CR, Clout MN (eds). Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species. Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. No. 27. International Union for Conservation of Nature; Gland, Switzerland. 414 p.","SPC. 2002. Re-incursion of Nauru by melon fly. Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC). Pest Alert No. 26: 1."]}

Dacus (Neodacus) taui Drew and Romig, 2001 Figure 93 Distribution. Vanuatu (Torres Islands, Santo, Malekula, Epi-Paama-Tongoa, Efate, Erromanga). Male lure. Zingerone (NEW LURE RECORD). Host plants. APOCYNACEAE: Tylophora sp., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 151, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI, Romig M. 2001. The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of Bougainville, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Australian Journal of Entomology 40: 113 - 150."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) quasienochra Leblanc and Doorenweerd, 2021 Figure 74 Distribution. Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. No known host., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 140, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) epicharis (Hardy, 1970) Figure 27 Distribution. Indonesia (Moluccas). Papua New Guinea (Mussau Island). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Kolombangara, Isabel, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. No known hosts., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Hardy DE. 1970. Tephritidae (Diptera) collected by the Noona Dan Expedition in the Philippine and Bismarck Islands. Entomologiske Meddelelser 38: 71 - 136."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) decumana (Drew, 1972) Figure 20 Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Vella Lavella, Gizo, Kolombangara, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristobal). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. Record in Solomon Islands: SAPOTACEAE: Burckella sp., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 115, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI. 1972. Additions to the species of Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae) from the South Pacific area with keys to species. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 11: 185 - 231."]}

Bactrocera (Notodacus) paraxanthodes Drew and Hancock, 1995 Figure 61 Distribution (Fig. 121). New Caledonia (mainland, Maré, Lifou). Male lure. Weakly attracted to methyl eugenol. Dihydroeugenol may prove to be a more potent attractant when tested on the Loyalty Islands, where B. paraxanthodes is most common. That lure attracted one specimen on the mainland (Royer et al. 2019a), and many specimens of B. neoxanthodes in Vanuatu (new lure record). Host plants. APOCYNACEAE: Vincetoxicum biglandulosum (dubious record?). ARALIACEAE: Meryta sp., Plerandra gabriellae. Notes. This species is a non-pest member species of the Bactrocera xanthodes complex (Drew et al. 1997). The Tylophora host record was doubted by Hancock and Drew (2017a)., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 135, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI, Hancock DL. 1995. New species, subgenus and records of Bactrocera Macquart from the South Pacific (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 34: 7 - 11.","Royer JE, Mille C, Cazeres S, Brinon J, Mayer DG. 2019 a. Isoeugenol, a more attractive male lure for the Cue-Lure-responsive pest fruit fly Bactrocera curvipennis (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae), and new records of species responding to Zingerone in New Caledonia. Journal of Economic Entomology 112: 1502 - 1507.","Drew RAI, Allwood AJ, Tau D. 1997. Bactrocera paraxanthodes Drew and Hancock - an example of how host records and attractant responses contribute to taxonomic research. p. 131 - 133. In: Allwood AJ, Drew RAI (eds.). Management of fruit flies in the Pacific. ACIAR Proceedings No 76. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research; Canberra. 267 p.","Hancock DL, Drew RAI. 2017 a. A review of the Pacific Islands subgenus Notodacus Perkins of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae). Australian Entomologist 44: 113 - 120."]}

Dacus (Neodacus) aneuvittatus (Drew, 1971) Figure 90 Distribution. New Caledonia (mainland, Maré, Lifou). Male lure. Zingerone (strong attractant) and cue-lure (weak attractant) (Royer et al. 2019a). Host plants. APOCYNACEAE: Vincetoxicum biglandulosum., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 150, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI. 1971. New species of Dacinae (Diptera: Trypetidae) from the South Pacific area. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences. 28: 29 - 103.","Royer JE, Mille C, Cazeres S, Brinon J, Mayer DG. 2019 a. Isoeugenol, a more attractive male lure for the Cue-Lure-responsive pest fruit fly Bactrocera curvipennis (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae), and new records of species responding to Zingerone in New Caledonia. Journal of Economic Entomology 112: 1502 - 1507."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tsatsiai Leblanc and Doorenweerd, 2021 Figure 83 Distribution. Solomon Islands (Kolombangara, Guadalcanal). Male lure. Zingerone. Host plants. No known host., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) unitaeniola Drew and Romig, 2001 Figure 87 Distribution. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Choiseul, Isabel, Guadalcanal). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. No known host., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 147, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI, Romig M. 2001. The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of Bougainville, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Australian Journal of Entomology 40: 113 - 150."]}

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) redunca (Drew, 1971) Figure 76 Distribution. Papua New Guinea (mainland, New Britain, Bougainville). Solomon Islands (Shortland Group, Choiseul, Kolombangara, Isabel, Russell, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita, San Cristobal, Santa Cruz). Vanuatu (Torres Islands, Banks Islands, Santo, Malekula, Ambae, Ambrym, Epi-Paama-Tongoa, Efate). New Caledonia (Maré; NEW COUNTRY RECORD). Male lure. Cue-lure. Host plants. Record in Vanuatu: MENISPERMACEAE: Pycnarrhena ozantha. Biology. Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 126. Notes. The new country record from New Caledonia is based on the collection of five specimens in cue-lure traps on Maré Island, in March 2019., Published as part of Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, pp. 1-167 in Insecta Mundi 2022 (948) on page 140, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7300862, {"references":["Drew RAI. 1971. New species of Dacinae (Diptera: Trypetidae) from the South Pacific area. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences. 28: 29 - 103."]}