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A atividade agropecuária é a principal consumidora e poluidora dos recursos hídricos, em que o desmatamento, a irrigação e os resíduos desta atividade são conduzidos à rede de drenagem. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar espacial e temporalmente as características físico-química e microbiológica das águas superficiais do rio Paraíso, e realizar o enquadramento do corpo d’água de acordo com a resolução CONAMA n° 357/05. As coletas de água no rio Paraíso foram realizadas em períodos distintos do ano: uma no mês de agosto (período seco) e outra em novembro (período chuvoso). Os parâmetros avaliados foram: temperatura da água, potencial hidrogeniônico, condutividade elétrica, salinidade, turbidez, oxigênio dissolvido, coliformes fecais, fósforo e nitrogênio. Os resultados dos coliforms fecais e fósforo apontam que os trechos amostrais de água localizados nas áreas de agricultura apresentaram maior inadequabilidade de acordo com a Resolução CONAMA n° 357/05, sendo o rio classificado como de classe III.

The agricultural activity is the main consumer and polluter of water resources, where deforestation, irrigation and waste from such activity are carried to the drainage network This study aimed to analyze spatially and temporally the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of surface waters of the Paraíso River, and classify the water body according to CONAMA Resolution 357/05. Water samples were taken in different periods, in August (dry season) and in November (rainy season). The parameters evaluated were: water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, fecal coliforms, phosphorus and nitrogen. The results of for fecal coliform and phosphorus showed that the stretches of samples water from located in the areas of agricultural had higher unsuitability according to CONAMA Resolution 357/05, classifying the river as Class III.

O OBJETIVO DO PRESENTE TRABALHO É APREENDER, DE MODO CRÍTICO-REFLEXIVO, OS OBJETIVOS/FINALIDADES EXPRESSOS PARA A PRÁTICA COMO COMPONENTE CURRICULAR (PCC) NOS PROJETOS POLÍTICO PEDAGÓGICOS DOS CURSOS (PPC’S) DE LICENCIATURA EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS, EM DUAS INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO SUPERIOR (IES) DO ESTADO DE GOIÁS. ASSIM, EMPREGOU-SE UMA ABORDAGEM DE PESQUISA QUALITATIVA, MEDIANTE UM ESTUDO DOCUMENTAL. UM TOTAL DE NOVE DOCUMENTOS, ORIUNDOS DE SETE CAMPUS DAS IES FORAM ANALISADOS. PARA ANÁLISE DOS DADOS FEZ-SE USO DA ANÁLISE DE CONTEÚDO, SUSCITANDO UM QUANTITATIVO DE CINCO CATEGORIAS. NO CONTEXTO DESTE TRABALHO REALIZAR-SE-Á, MEDIANTE SEU OBJETIVO, UM PROCESSO DE REFLEXÃO ACERCA DA CATEGORIA “O PAPEL DA PCC: PRETENSÕES ALMEJADAS”. POR FIM, NA ANÁLISE DOS PPC’S, AS CARACTERIZAÇÕES DA PCC FAZEM EMERGIR MÚLTIPLOS SENTIDOS PARA A PRÁTICA EDUCATIVA, QUAIS SEJAM: ESPAÇO E CONTATO COM O REAL; PROFESSOR REFLEXIVO; FORMAÇÃO DO PROFISSIONAL CRÍTICO E VALORIZAÇÃO DOS CONHECIMENTOS ESPECÍFICOS DA CIÊNCIAS/BIOLOGIA MEDIANTE A INDISSOCIABILIDADE ENTRE TEORIA-PRÁTICA.

Introduction: Breast carcinoma with osteoclastic giant cells (OGCs) is rare. According to the WHO classification, breast tumors are designated “carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells” and are categorized under invasive carcinoma of no special type. This distinct subtype of breast carcinoma was first described in the French medical literature by Leroux in 1931 and Duboucher et al. in 1933. We reported a case study of a woman with OGCs with an invasive ductal and papillary carcinoma. Case Presentation: A 69-year-old female presented with left-sided breast lump. Ultrasound study documented the well-circumscribed retroareolar hypoechoic mass, measuring 3.5 cm in greatest dimension. Computed tomography scan and bone scan showed no evidence of distant metastasis. The patient underwent left breast mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy. The tissue was fixed in 10% buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections revealed a tumor composed of papillary intracystic carcinoma with a prominent OGC component. The background stroma revealed hemorrhage and hemosiderin deposition. Left axillary sentinel lymph node was free of malignancy (pN0). Tumor cells stained negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HERneu-2. Ki-67 positive was approximately 30%. After surgery, this patient received taxane-based chemotherapy for four cycles and post-mastectomy radiotherapy. Discussion: Breast carcinoma with OGCs is characterized by the presence of OGCs admixed with malignant epithelial cells. They often showed hyperchromatic nuclei that are atypical with occasional small nucleoli and fine chromatin structure. Mitotic figures are typically rare. The mechanism for the formation of OGCs is still unknown and is at least partially attributed to tumor-induced angiogenesis and inflammatory cytokines. To date, the influence of OGCs on the prognosis of patients is still controversial. We described an old woman with a triple-negative breast carcinoma with OGCs. She remains free of recurrence, with an 18-month follow-up.

O enfrentamento dos problemas ambientais exige uma transformação na relação entre a humanidade e natureza. A Educação Ambiental não-formal é uma estratégia importante para uma reintegração do ser humano ao ambiente, despertando sujeitos cidadãos com consciência planetária para intervir nas questões socioambientais. Nessa perspectiva, esta pesquisa, desenvolvida em sete parques da cidade de Goiânia, teve como objetivo estudar a educação ambiental nesses ambientes, avaliando a forma como as políticas públicas são consolidadas e explorando as percepções dos sujeitos vinculados a essas unidades. Trata-se de uma análise qualitativa por meio da categorização das respostas de questionários e entrevistas, além da análise de documentos da gestão pública municipal. Embora tenha se constatado uma percepção conflituosa entre natureza e ambiente, foi possível identificar elementos para ressignificação dos parques como espaços educativos para exercício da cidadania.

EnglishThis paper aims to understand how the Practice as a Curricular Component (PCC) is configured in the Biological Sciences Degree courses of two public universities in the State of Goias, Brazil. For this, the qualitative approach, based on a documentary research, was used. The data source consisted of the Pedagogical Projects of the institutions investigated. For the analysis, Content Analysis was used, with five categories emerging, of which the Interdisciplinarity category and the pcc approach are discussed in this work. It was perceived that the component is linked to a conception of interdisciplinarity, being constituted as an element that can break the ri gi dity undertaken in the formation, as well as in the constitution of teaching in Basic Education. Regarding the activities designed to carry out the inte rs ection bet ween theory and practice, it is perceived that they are based on an active teaching-learning perspective. portuguesEste trabalho visa compreender como a Pratica como Componente Curricular (pcc) esta configurada nos cursos de Licenciatura em Ciencias Biologicas de duas Universidades publicas do Estado de Goias, Brasil. Para tal, empregou-se a abordagem qualitativa, pautado em uma pesquisa documental. A fonte de dados consistiu nos Projetos Pedagogicos dos cursos das instituicoes investigadas. Para a analise fez-se uso da Analise de Conteudo, emergindo cinco categorias, das quais a categoria Interdisciplinaridade e a abordagem da pcc e discutida neste trabalho. Percebeu-se que o componente esta ligado a uma concepcao de interdisciplinaridade, se constituindo como um elemento que pode quebrar a rigidez empreendida na formacao, bem como na constituicao do ensino na Educacao Basica. Acerca das atividades delineadas para realizacao da interseccao entre teoria-pratica, percebe-se que estao alicercadas a uma perspectiva ativa de ensino-aprendizagem.

The metacommunity concept studies the processes that structure communities on local and regional scales. This concept is useful to assess spatial variability. However, temporal patterns (e.g., ecological succession and colonization) are neglected in metacommunity studies, since such patterns require temporally extensive, and hard to execute studies. We used experimental habitats in temporary streams located within the Brazilian Cerrado to evaluate the importance of succession for the aquatic insect metacommunity. Five artificial habitats consisting of wrapped crushed rock were set transversally to the water flow in five streams. The habitats were sampled weekly to assess community composition, and replaced after sampling to identify new potential colonizers. We analyzed the accumulation of new colonizers after each week using a logistic model. We selected pairs of experimental habitats and estimated the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index to assess the community composition trajectory during the experiment. We used the dissimilarity values in ANOVA tests, identifying the importance of time and space for the community. The number of new taxa stabilized in the third week, and we estimated a weekly increase of 1.61 new taxa in the community after stabilization. The overall pattern was a small change on community composition, but one stream had a higher weekly turnover. Our results showed a relevant influence of time in the initial communities of aquatic insects of temporary streams. However, we must observe the temporal pattern in a spatial context, once different streams have different successional history regarding number of taxa and community turnover. We highlight the importance of aerial dispersal and movement to seek oviposition sites as an important factor in determining colonization patterns.

Macroinvertebrates are important for processing leaf detritus in temperate streams, but studies about their role in tropical streams often present conflicting results. Via digestive tract analyses, we assessed the diets of Phylloicus sp. larvae (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), collected from streams of two southeastern Brazil river basins (Araguari, Sao Francisco). We classified gut contents as coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM), fine particulate organic matter (FPOM), algae, animal tissue, vascular plant tissue and mineral material. We hypothesized that the diets of Phylloicus larvae would be related to the physical habitat of the streams (e.g., riparian vegetation, organic matter availability and morphological characteristics), larval size and river basin. Although FPOM content predominated in both basins, we found greater CPOM content in Phylloicus larvae of Upper Sao Francisco sites, and this food item was related to greater riparian vegetation canopy density. The FPOM content was greater in larvae of Upper Araguari sites, and this food item was correlated with greater instream brush cover. Algae, animal tissue, vascular plant tissue and mineral material were very rare in the digestive tracts, and therefore could not be explained. These results indicate the importance of riparian vegetation structure in modulating feeding habitats of macroinvertebrates. We conclude that the Phylloicus larvae had more flexibility in what they eat than we might expect based on their traditional classification as shredders. Therefore, trusting in published classifications, ignoring regional or local differences, may be inaccurate. Instead, regional studies of feeding habits are needed for accurate classifications of invertebrate taxa into trophic guilds.

An understanding of the interactions among local environmental factors (e.g., physical habitat and water quality) and aquatic assemblages is essential to conserve biodiversity in tropical and subtropical headwater streams. We evaluated the relative importance of multiple physical and chemical habitat variables that influence the richness of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) assemblages in wadeable Brazilian Cerrado (savanna) streams. We sampled macroinvertebrate assemblages and quantified physical and chemical habitat in 79 randomly selected sites in 2 Cerrado basins in southeastern Brazil. The environmental variables selected by multiple regression models (MLRs) via corrected Akaike Information Criteria (AICc) contributed significantly to variation in EPT taxon richness. The variance explained by physical-habitat variables was slightly greater in the Upper Sao Francisco Basin (adjusted R2 = 0.53) than in the Upper Araguari Basin (adjusted R2 = 0.46), and both were greater than the ...

Studies on aquatic insects have found divergent results when assessing the effects of the environment and spatial structure on the community. The inappropriate choice of taxonomic resolution or variables may be the determinant for such results. We tested whether identification to the family level is enough to approximate results obtained using genus in detecting environmental and spatial effects. We sampled the aquatic insect communities in 110 streams of the Brazilian Cerrado (vegetation type savanna). We used PROTEST analyses to determine the similarity of community configuration at the family and genus resolutions and the overlap of community structure among all pair of insect orders. We used a partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) to determine the effects of environmental and spatial factors, for the entire community and for each insect order individually. The community configurations using family and genus were congruent, as were one-third of orders. The family level reduced the unexplained portion of variance when compared with genus level. Water movement, chemical condition and habitat integrity were relevant for community structure. In addition, the use of family level is a good alternative for studies using aquatic insect communities in Cerrado streams.

Foi feita uma indicação de área prioritária para conservação da biota de invertebrados aquáticos na bacia hidrográfica do rio Paranã-GO, utilizando a comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos como ferramenta de bioindicação. Os invertebrados foram coletados pela metodologia de avaliação rápida, utilizando redes manuais de abertura de malha de 2 mm durante 15 minutos de coleta ativa, em ambientes de correnteza com substrato pedregoso. A escolha da área foi feita seguindo três critérios:1- Raridade do táxon; 2- Representatividade e complementaridade dos pontos amostrados e 3- Conectividade. A área selecionada inclui trechos de rio com diferentes características hidrológicas, que refletemas diferentes características de composição da biota. A área prioritária para conservação proposta neste trabalho inclui três microbacias: as dos rios São Bartolomeu, Corrente e São Mateus. A área indicadaé uma região de expansão de atividades antrópicas e não está atualmente protegida por unidades de conservação federais ou estaduais. As informações geradas nesse trabalho podem subsidiar uma gestão mais eficiente para a conservação da biota aquática da bacia do rio Paranã.

No presente trabalho, dados sobre Ephemeroptera e Trichoptera (ET) de um riacho de cerrado foram analisados, com o objetivo de testar a hipotese de que a alta sazonalidade neste bioma pode alterar a composicao de ET entre as estacoes chuvosas e de seca. A estrutura da comunidade foi avaliada utilizando a Analise de Correspondencia Destendenciada e a Analise de Agrupamento (Morisita-Horn, UPGMA). Os fatores ambientais foram submetidos a Analise de Componentes Principais. Para testar a influencia das variaveis abioticas sobre a fauna, foram utilizados o Procrustean Randomization Test (Protest) e o Teste de Mantel. Os fatores ambientais registrados influenciaram significativamente a fauna de ET do Corrego do Pedregulho. A similaridade faunistica foi alta ao longo do ano, indicando que, apesar de a densidade flutuar em resposta a variacao da precipitacao, a composicao faunistica apresentou baixa variabilidade temporal. Por outro lado, foi possivel constatar que o genero Lachlania (Ephemeroptera) ocorreu, preferencialmente, nos meses chuvosos e que a composicao da fauna da estacao seca variou menos do que aquela das demais estacoes. Portanto, a sazonalidade ambiental afetou parcialmente a composicao da fauna de ET do Corrego do Pedregulho. Abstract In this paper, data on the fauna of Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera (ET) from a Cerrado stream was analysed in order to test the hypothesis that the high seasonality of this biome can influence the composition of ET between the wet and dry seasons. The community structure was evaluated using Detrended Correspondence Analysis and Cluster Analysis (Morisita Horn-UPGMA). Environmental factors were analyzed using the Principal Components Analysis. In order to test the effect of abiotic variables on the fauna, It was applied the Procrustean Randomization Test (Protest) and Mantel Test. The environmental factors recorded for this study had a significant effect on the ET fauna from Corrego do Pedregulho. Faunal similarity was high throughout the year, indicating that although there was density of fluctuation, due to rainfall variation, the faunal composition showed little temporal variability. On the other hand, it was possible to observe that the genus Lachlania (Ephemeroptera) occurred preferably during the rainy months and that the faunal composition during the dry season was less variable than those from other seasons. Therefore, environmental seasonality had a partial effect on the faunal composition of ET from Corrego do Pedregulho.

This paper deals with the Trichoptera immature fauna collected in 101 streams in Rio das Almas Basin during August-October 2008 and in Rio Paranã, Iaciara-GO municipality, on August 2003, using kick-nets with 0.025 m² of opening and 2 mm mesh. We record four new genera for Goiás State, expanding records of genera from 33 to 37 and contributing to the Trichoptera fauna knowledge in Central Brazil.

A concepção de meio ambiente tem uma relação direta com as práticas pedagógicas que serão elaboradas e a situação ambiental que vivenciamos hoje é imperativa no sentido de exigir que soluções sejam condizentes com a realidade. Nesse sentido, o sujeito ecológico tem seu alicerce embasado na corrente crítica de EA (Educação Ambiental), que concebe o meio ambiente em sua totalidade, considerando as complexas e conflituosas interfaces que permeiam a relação homem e natureza. Dessa forma, nos preocupamos nesta pesquisa em verificar quais são as concepções de meio ambiente dos educadores ambientais do Zoológico de Goiânia, verificar como isso é traduzido nas atividades e, por fim, verificar as contribuições desse espaço não formal de educação na formação do sujeito ecológico. Notou-se que as atividades do Zoológico de Goiânia estão alicerçadas em uma perspectiva naturalista e conservacionista, que compreendem o meio ambiente como natureza e como recurso. Assim, foram encontradas práticas simplistas e que reforçam a necessidade de adquirir comportamentos ditos ecologicamente corretos, bem como reconstruir uma ligação com a natureza, sem, contudo, contribuir com a formação do sujeito ecológico. Dessa forma, o zoológico como um espaço não formal de educação, não cumpre seu papel educativo, seu compromisso com a formação do cidadão crítico, ciente dos seus direitos e deveres sociais, capaz de intervir nas discussões sobre as questões ambientais em prol de uma sociedade mais justa e ambientalmente sustentável.The concept of environment has a direct relationship to the pedagogical practices that are developed and applied and the current environmental setting which is imperative, as it requires solutions that must be consistent with reality. Thus, the ecological subject has its foundation based on the critical current of EE (Environmental Education), which regards the environment as a whole, considering the complex and conflicting interfaces that permeate the relationship between humans and nature. Thereby, we propose in this study to investigate what is the concept of environment held by the environmental educators at the Zoo in Goiânia. We intend to verify how this is translated into pedagogical activities and, finally, analyze the contributions of this informal education setting to the formation of the ecological subject. It was noticed that didactic activities at the Zoo in Goiânia are based on a naturalist and conservationist perspective, which regards the environment as nature and resource. Moreover, we found simplistic practices that, although reinforcing the need of the subject to acquire behaviors considered in agreement with environmentally friendly practices, as well as the need to rebuild a connection with nature, they do not contribute to the critical formation of the ecological subject. This way, the zoo, as an informal educational setting, does not fulfill its educative role, nor its commitment to aid the development of critical-thinking citizens, aware of his or her rights and social duties, and capable to intervene on environmental issues, in pursuit of a juster and environmentally sustainable society.

Pesticidas organoclorados sao substâncias persistentes no meio ambiente e bioacumulativos na cadeia alimentar. Estas substâncias causam diversos efeitos a fauna, a flora e a saude humana, precisando por isso de monitoramento. Neste trabalho sao determinados os niveis de pesticidas organoclorados em recursos hidricos do estado de Goias, o qual possui varias reservas de preservacao do bioma Cerrado e bacias hidrograficas importantes. A amostragem consiste de agua superficial e abrange os mananciais de todo o estado. Verificou-se que em todas as regioes do estado de Goias ocorreram niveis altos de pesticidas organoclorados nos recursos hidricos e as regioes mais contaminadas sao tambem as regioes que estao mais impactadas na degradacao do Cerrado devido a intensa atividade agricola.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estrutura e dinâmica das populações de fitoflagelados nos períodos de chuva e estiagem dos anos de 2000 e 2001 nas lagoas de inundação do rio Araguaia. As análises foram baseadas na riqueza específica, composição florística e biovolume dos fitoflagelados que estão associadas a determinadas variáveis climáticas, físicas e químicas da água. O teste de Mantel evidenciou um fraco padrão espacial das populações de fitoflagelados, além disso, o teste de Mantel corroborou a importância do componente local na estrutura dessas populações. Os escores derivados da DCA, aplicadas aos dados biológicos demonstram que os períodos de águas altas e baixas não se diferenciaram fortemente em 2000 e 2001, entretanto foi possível notar variação interanual das populações de fitoflagelados. Os dados de biovolume indicaram que existiu um fitoplâncton predominado por Chryptophyceae (grupo funcional Y) e Euglenophyceae (grupo funcional W1) em 2000 e 2001. A riqueza especifica e o biovolume responderam ao pulso de inundação, tanto as águas altas como as águas baixas apresentaram dinâmicas distintas nos dois anos o que pode indicar a importância do pulso de inundação sobre os fitoflagelados.The aim of this work was to evaluate ecological aspects of phytoflagellate populations during the rainy and dry seasons of 2000 and 2001 in floodplain lakes in the Araguaia River. The analyses were based on species richness, composition and biovolume of the phytoflagellates, associated with climatic and limnological variables of the water. The Mantel test showed weak spatial patterns for phytoflagellate populations; moreover the Mantel test confirmed the importance of the local component in the structure of these populations. The results of DCA applied to the biological data showed that high- and low-water periods were not strikingly different in 2000 and 2001. Biovolume data indicated that the phytoplankton was dominated by Chryptophyceae (functional group Y) and Euglenophyceae (functional group W1) in 2000 and 2001. Species richness and biovolume responded to the flood pulse. Both high- and low-water had different dynamics in the two years; this seems to indicate the importance of the flood pulse for phytoflagellates.

EnglishBIOMONITORING THE WATER QUALITY USING BENTHIC MACRO-INVERTEBRATES: AN ADAPTATION OF BMWP BIOTIC INDEX TO A BRAZILIAN WATERSHED. The water quality of a watershed of Goias state, Brazil was evaluated using benthic macroinvertebrates through an adaptation of the BMWP (Biological Monitoring Working Party Score System) method. This approach was based on correlating water physical and chemical characteristics with the frequency of occurrence of different families of benthic organisms. A water quality rating system was designed by assigning different scores to each found family of benthic macroinvertebrates, being used to identify the degree of ecological alterations caused by anthropogenic infl uence on the basin. Keywords: Biomonitoring, BMWP, Water Quality, Benthic Macroinvertebrates, Meia Ponte river. portuguesFoi realizado o biomonitoramento da qualidade de agua utilizando os macroinvertebrados bentonicos, atraves do uso de uma adaptacao regional da metodologia do BMWP �Biological Monitoring Working Party Score System��, tendo como referencia a Bacia Hidrografi ca do rio Meia Ponte-GO, que relacionou as caracteristicas fisico-quimicas da agua e a frequencia de ocorrencia dos organismos bentonicos em nivel de familia. Considerando os novos �scores�� estabelecidos para as familias de macroinvertebrados bentonicos da referida bacia, foi determinado um Sistema de Classifi cacao da Qualidade da Agua, visando identifi car o grau de alteracao das caracteristicas ecologicas frente as condicoes ambientais dessa bacia. Palavras-chave: Biomonitoramento, BMWP, Qualidade de Agua, Macroinvertebrados Bentonicos, rio Meia Ponte.

This study analyzes the interaction of fish assemblages with 14 physicochemical and hydrogeomorphological variables at 31 sampling stations along the watershed of the Meia Ponte River, Upper Parana Basin, Central Brazil, during low and high water seasons in 2001. This river and its tributaries drain both urban and agricultural areas. Fish were caught with sieves along a 100 m stretch demarcated in every sampling site, where environmental variables were also measured. A total of 3508 individuals belonging to 31 species were collected. Fish abundance and environmental data matrices were submitted to a multivariate analysis of co-inertia. Two axes were retained for interpretation (total variance explained = 63.65%) indicating that pH, water temperature, conductivity, chemical dissolved oxygen, and turbidity, all have an influence on fish assemblage structure. The co-structure found (fish assemblages and physicochemical variables) is correlated in both of the axes considered (r = 0.73 and r = 0.68, respectively), and is statistically significant (Monte Carlo test, P < 0.001). This co-structure is regulated by seasonality, but is influenced by fish habitat preferences, spawning and available food, the extent and effects of anthropogenic activities (domestic sewage, agriculture, ranching, urban areas) and the position of sampling stations along the watershed.

Stream ecology studies see to understand ecological dynamics in lotic systems. The characterization of streams into Functional Process Zones (FPZ) has been currently debated in stream ecology because aquatic communities respond to functional processes of river segments. Therefore, we tested if different functional process zones have different number of genera and trophic structure using the aquatic insect community of Neotropical streams. We also assessed whether using physical and chemical variables may complement the approach of using FPZ to model communities of aquatic insects in Cerrado streams. This study was conducted in 101 streams or rivers from the central region of the state of Goias, Brazil. We grouped the streams into six FPZ associated to size of the river system, presence of riparian forest, and riverbed heterogeneity. We used Bayesian models to compare number of genera and relative frequency of the feeding groups between FPZs. Streams classified in different FPZs had a different number of genera, and the largest and best preserved rivers had an average of four additional genera. Trophic structure exhibited low variability among FPZs, with little difference both in the number of genera and in abundance. Using functional process zones in Cerrado streams yielded good results for Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera communities. Thus, species distribution and community structure in the river basin account for functional processes and not necessarily for the position of the community along a longitudinal dimension of the lotic system.

Alpha, beta and gamma are three components of species diversity. Knowing these attributes in floodplain lake phytoplankton communities is vital when selecting conservation areas. Species diversity is commonly used with other taxonomic groups, but rarely with phytoplankton. We compared the number of phytoplankton species (alpha diversity) from 21 Middle Araguaia River floodplain lakes in the 2000 and 2001 rainy and dry seasons. From these samples we estimated complete survey species richness (gamma diversity), quantified differences in species composition between lakes (beta diversity) and assessed the influence of abiotic variables on beta diversity. We recorded a total of 577 taxa. The Sjack1 estimator indicated that 62.31% of taxa were sampled in the 2000 rainy and 67.65% dry seasons, and 68.36% in the 2001 rainy and 73.5% dry seasons. In almost all seasons, alpha diversity negatively correlated with latitude. Beta diversity (β-1) was higher in high water periods, especially in 2000. This may have been caused by isolated heavy rainfall, which would have increased environmental heterogeneity and raised beta diversity. DCA showed differences in phytoplankton composition between rainy and dry seasons in 2000 and 2001, reflecting the influence of flood pulses on phytoplankton composition. The Mantel test indicated spatial distribution patterns where geographically more distant lakes had less-similar phytoplankton communities.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:42:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-69842006000400005.pdf: 574805 bytes, checksum: 7536447e9d2c3a3dc9f85f446c8d2230 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:42:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-69842006000400005.pdf: 574805 bytes, checksum: 7536447e9d2c3a3dc9f85f446c8d2230 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:29:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-69842006000400005.pdf: 574805 bytes, checksum: 7536447e9d2c3a3dc9f85f446c8d2230 (MD5) S1519-69842006000400005.pdf.txt: 40747 bytes, checksum: 76f2d7e54ee3904cb1050caf615942f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:22:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-69842006000400005.pdf: 574805 bytes, checksum: 7536447e9d2c3a3dc9f85f446c8d2230 (MD5) S1519-69842006000400005.pdf.txt: 40747 bytes, checksum: 76f2d7e54ee3904cb1050caf615942f4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:22:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-69842006000400005.pdf: 574805 bytes, checksum: 7536447e9d2c3a3dc9f85f446c8d2230 (MD5) S1519-69842006000400005.pdf.txt: 40747 bytes, checksum: 76f2d7e54ee3904cb1050caf615942f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) A influência de fatores ambientais sobre a distribuição de imaturos de Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera (EPT) foi investigada em riachos do Centro Oeste Brasileiro (Serra do Pireneus, Pirenópolis, Estado de Goiás). Os insetos foram amostrados lavando pedras em frente a um rede (0,5 mm de malhas) e removendo os insetos tanto das pedras quanto das redes. A amostragem foi feita durante 1 h em cinco pontos de coleta em um período de 14 meses. Temperaturas do ar e da água (°C), velocidade da água (m/s), vazão (m³/s), condutividade elétrica (µS/cm), pH, e precipitação pluviométrica (mm) também foram registradas. em geral, podemos afirmar que a altitude, a classificação hidrológica (ordem) e a cobertura vegetal foram os fatores mais importantes na distribuição de imaturos de Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera. A influência da precipitação pluviométrica sobre a variação temporal da abundância foi maior em trechos de ordem média (3ª, 4ª ordem) quando comparado aos menores riachos (primeira ordem). The influence of environmental factors on the distribution of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) immatures was investigated in streams of the Brazilian Center-West (Serra do Pireneus, Pirenópolis, State of Goiás). The insects were sampled by lifting the stones in front of a sieve (0.5 mm mesh) and then removing the insects from both the stone and the sieve. Sampling was carried out for 1 h at 5 collection sites over a period of 14 months. Air and water temperature (°C), water velocity (m/s), discharge (m³/s), electric conductivity (µS/cm), pH, and rainfall (mm) were also recorded. In general, we may state that altitude, hydrologic classification (order) and vegetation cover were the most important factors explaining the distribution of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera immatures. The influence of the rainfall on the temporal variation of the abundance of insects was stronger in stream segments of medium order (3rd, 4th order) compared to smaller streams (first order). UNESP FCLA Departamento de Ciências Biológicas UFG ICB Departamento de Biologia Geral UNESP FCLA Departamento de Ciências Biológicas

This work analyses the attributes of the phytoplankton community (species richness, biovolume, diversity, equitability, abundance, dominance and size structure) associated with some physical, chemical and climatic variables of floodplain lakes of the Araguaia River, central Brazil, in the rainy and dry seasons of 2000 and 2001. The lakes in 2000 and 2001 presented different limnological characteristics between the periods of high and low water. The phytoplankton comprised 292 taxa, mainly Chlorophyceae and nanoplankton. In the dry seasons of both years, the functional group Y (Cryptophyceae) was the most prominent association. In high-water periods, different functional groups dominated the lakes. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) demonstrated a separation between the rainy and dry seasons of both years. The high and low water presented different dynamics in 2 years due to the influence of the flood pulse.

This study evaluates the flows that can be allo- cated to users in the Bois River Basin and its sub-basin, Peixe River Basin, in Goias, in order to provide informa- tion for water resources management instruments estab- lished by Federal Law 9.433/97, emphasizing charging for the use of water resources. The Bois River Basin covers 34,552.04 km 2 , correspond- ing to 10% of the total area of Goias. A large amount of river flow data is available, supplied by twenty stations, with historical series and distribution that allowed the regionalization of the flows at the exit from the basin. The RH 3.0 software was developed by Minas Gerais Rural Foundation - RURALMINAS and Federal University of Vicosa, with the support of the Department of Water Re- sources of the Ministry of the Environment. It was used to estimate the guaranteed flow 95% of the time (Q 95 ) to the outflow from Bois River Basin, obtaining the value of 118.100 l/s. The Goias State Council for Water Resources (CERH- GO), in resolution 09/2005, established Q 95 as reference flow for water use rights under the state domain. The maximum flow that can be allocated corresponds to 70% of Q 95 , or, for the Bois River Basin, 82.670 l/s. To check the feasibility of using this reference flow and the portion allocated, the study performed a survey of the criteria used in eleven Brazilian states. The Peixe River Basin has a drainage area of 287.49 km 2 . In this basin, the complete lack of hydrological data and the impossibility of data transfer because of the small drainage area prevent the calculation of Q 95 and its use as Avaliacao das Vazoes Alocaveis na Bacia Hidrografica do Rio dos Bois e sub-bacia do Rio do Peixe, Estado de Goias 58 reference flow. Such situations are common in most small river basins in Goias. In such cases, according to CERH-GO resolution 09/2005, the smallest flow ever measured, preferably during a drought period using a precision

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de identificar e o de classificar os sistemas lacustres da planície aluvial do rio Araguaia entre as cidades de Aruanã, Estado de Goiás e de Luiz Alves, Estado de Goiás. Nesse trecho, a planície do Araguaia tem cerca de 256 km de extensão, na qual foram quantificados 293 lagos de 10 categorias: lagos de canal abandonado, canal abandonado encadeado, oxbow, oxbow colmatados, oxbow composto, espira de meandro, espira de meandro composta, diques marginais, vale bloqueado e lagos de acrescão lateral. O objetivo específico foi o de realizar uma análise de parâmetros morfométricos de 20 lagos da planície do médio Araguaia, comparando duas estações sazonais (seca e cheia). Os parâmetros morfométricos analisados foram os seguintes: área, perímetro, profundidade, largura e comprimento máximo, desenvolvimento de perímetro, índice de forma e determinação da largura da boca dos lagos (conectividade). Os parâmetros morfométricos foram calculados, utilizando as imagens de satélite Landsat TM e o sistema de informação geográfica (SIG) SPRING. A variação dos parâmetros morfométricos variou significativamente entre os períodos de seca e de cheia (área: 0,03 - 2,77 km2 na seca para 0,04 - 8,38 km2 na cheia). A profundidade máxima: 0,3 m – 4,55 m na seca para 2,7 – 7,75 na cheia. Cerca de 65% dos lagos apresentam Dp > 4 – isso porque a tendência geral dos lagos é ter uma tendência alongadaThe aim of this study was to identify and classify the lake systems of the Araguaia River floodplain. The study area extends from Aruana, State of Goiás, to Luiz Alves, State of Goiás, along 256 km. A total of 293 lakes were identified and grouped in ten categories: abandoned channel lakes, linked abandoned channels, oxbow, filled oxbows, and composite oxbows, lakes formed on meander scrolls, composite lakes on scrolled floodplain, lakes formed by lateral accretion, blocked valleys and embankment lakes. The main objective was to characterize morphometric parameters for 20 lakes in the middle plain of the Araguaia River and compare the different values between high and low river stages. Area, perimeter, depth, length and maximum width, and shoreline development were obtained using satellite Landsat 5 TM and 7 ETM+ images and a SPRING Geographic Information System. The variability of morphometric parameters during flood and low river stages changed significantly. Approximately 65% of the lakes showed shoreline development (Dp) > 4 because of the general lakes tendency to have an elongated shape

A relação entre a distribuição e a abundância de larvas de Trichoptera, estimadas para dois períodos sazonais, foram comparadas com o objetivo de testar a predição de que a instabilidade hidrológica, no período chuvoso, é o principal mecanismo que reduz a magnitude dessa relação em riachos do Centro-Oeste do Brasil. As densidades das larvas foram estimadas a partir de coletas quantitativas em 18 pontos amostrais no entorno do Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas (Caldas Novas, Estado de Goiás), obtidas pelo amostrador de Surber. A distribuição dos táxons foi dada pelo número de ocorrências na região. As análises realizadas demonstraram que, no ápice do período de seca, houve uma correlação de Pearson significativa entre a distribuição e a abundância das larvas (julho: r = 0,606, n= 20, P < 0,005). Por outro lado, nas coletas realizadas sob a influência de precipitações pluviométricas, os valores não foram significativos. Esses resultados apóiam a hipótese de que, durante os períodos de estabilidade hidrológica, os padrões de distribuição espacial e a abundância resultaram da interação entre os gradientes ambientais e as tolerâncias dos organismos. Além disso, demonstraram que a importância relativa de processos estocásticos e determinísticos, atuando sobre as comunidades desses insetos bentônicos, pode variar temporalmenteAbundance-occupancy relationships of Trichoptera larvae, estimated in two seasons, were compared to evaluate the following hypothesis: hydrologic instability during the rain season is the main mechanism which reduces the magnitude of these relationships in streams located in the Cerrado region, Centre-West of Brazil. The larvae density was determined from 18 sampling stations in a region surrounding the Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas, Caldas Novas, Estado de Goiás, by Surber sampler. The distribution of each taxon was given by the number of occurrences in the region. During the dry season (July), a significant correlation between abundance-occupancy was detected (r =0.606; n = 20; P < 0.005). On the other hand, such relationships were not significant during rainy periods. These results support the hypothesis that, during the periods of hydrological stability, abundance and distribution patterns of Trichoptera were controlled by the interaction of organisms tolerance and environment gradients. Besides, the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic, acting on benthonic insects may be temporally dependent

The stonefly (Pleeoptera) nymphs of streams of the Almas River basin, Pirenópolis, Goiás State, Central Brazil, and some abiotie factors that might affect their temporal distribution were studied. Nymphs were sampled monthly (June 1993 to July 1994) in five stations with a Surber sampler, and each sample consisted of 20 units totalling 2 m². In each station, stream velocity, discharge, temperature, electrical conductivity and pH were measured in order to assess their influence on the density of nymphs. Nymphs were identified to genus level. In general, the annual variation in density of nymphs, in four stations, showed that the seasonal variation was not clearly influenced by the annual rain cycle. In the case of the one of the stations, where numbers of stonefly nymphs were low and the anthropic action high, there was a density peak in the rainy season. This peak was probably related to dilution of the organie pollution in the rainy season, improving the environmental conditions for the Pleeoptera.

The Trichoptera fauna in two first-order streams of Serra dos Pireneus. Goiás State, was studied from June/1993 to July/1994. The Trichoptera larvae abundances were lower in the rainy season in the two streams. The temporal distributions of the functional groups (feeding categories) was similar in both streams. The ordination by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) detected a higher temporal heterogeneity of the Trichoptera community in one of the sampling stations, probably associated with higher discharge variation. There is a large variation of abundance of some genera between the two studied streams.

The Trichoptera fauna in two first-order streams of Serra dos Pireneus. Goiás State, was studied from June/1993 to July/1994. The Trichoptera larvae abundances were lower in the rainy season in the two streams. The temporal distributions of the functional groups (feeding categories) was similar in both streams. The ordination by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) detected a higher temporal heterogeneity of the Trichoptera community in one of the sampling stations, probably associated with higher discharge variation. There is a large variation of abundance of some genera between the two studied streams.

Relationships among some abiotic factors (temperature, velocity, flow, conductivity, oxy-reduction potential and pH) and the seazonal density of benthic insects (immature forms) of the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera at the Parque Ecológico de Goiânia, Goiás are studied. An area of 1m² was sampled and abiotic factors were recorded in 4 sites from August/1994 to July/1995. The faunistic composition was 75% Ephemeroptera, 1% Plecoptera and 24% Trichoptera. The data suggest the water velocity and flow as the main factors that determined the aquatic insects abundance.

Three new species of Macrelmis Motschulsky, 1859 (Macrelmis bispo sp. nov., Macrelmis froehlichi sp. nov., and Macrelmis nessimiani sp. nov.) are herein described and illustrated. The species were collected from several streams in Goiás State, Brazil, a formerly unknown region concerning Elmidae fauna. We also provide an updated key for the Macrelmis species of Brazil.

A taxonomic key for the genera of Elmidae (Coleoptera, Byrrhoidea) occurring in Goiás State, Brazil, including new records and distributional notes. Despite their great diversity and high abundance in Neotropical aquatic environments, the fauna of Elmidae remains practically unknown in some areas and even entire biomes in this region. In this work we bring, for the first time, faunistic data for the Elmidae of central Brazil. The aim of this work was to inventory the Elmidae fauna in central, southwestern and southeastern Goiás State, Brazil and to produce a taxonomic key, at genus level, for adults from the studied region. The taxonomic key presented herein offers means for the identification of all the 13 genera known to occur in Goiás, 11 of them being new records for the State. Moreover, the number of named species registered for Goiás increased from one to nine., We thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for financial support (PQ - Proc. 303835/2009 - 5; PIBIC - SAP 33226). We also thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Capes) for the predoctoral scholarship (CGBE/BEX - Proc. 5349 - 10 - 9). Finally, we thank the Laboratório de Insetos Aquáticos, from Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), for making possible the use of their microscopic imaging system equipment, funded by Programa de Apoio a Núcleos de Excelência (PRONEX) - CNPq/FAPEAM.

The faunal composition of the Hydropsychidae (Trichoptcra) of Pedregulho Stream is presented. Feeding habits of larvae and behavioural aspects of both larvae and adults are described.

A concepção de meio ambiente tem uma relação direta com as práticas pedagógicas que serão elaboradas e a situação ambiental que vivenciamos hoje é imperativa no sentido de exigir que soluções sejam condizentes com a realidade. Nesse sentido, o sujeito ecológico tem seu alicerce embasado na corrente crítica de EA (Educação Ambiental), que concebe o meio ambiente em sua totalidade, considerando as complexas e conflituosas interfaces que permeiam a relação homem e natureza. Dessa forma, nos preocupamos nesta pesquisa em verificar quais são as concepções de meio ambiente dos educadores ambientais do Zoológico de Goiânia, verificar como isso é traduzido nas atividades e, por fim, verificar as contribuições desse espaço não formal de educação na formação do sujeito ecológico. Notou-se que as atividades do Zoológico de Goiânia estão alicerçadas em uma perspectiva naturalista e conservacionista, que compreendem o meio ambiente como natureza e como recurso. Assim, foram encontradas práticas simplistas e que reforçam a necessidade de adquirir comportamentos ditos ecologicamente corretos, bem como reconstruir uma ligação com a natureza, sem, contudo, contribuir com a formação do sujeito ecológico. Dessa forma, o zoológico como um espaço não formal de educação, não cumpre seu papel educativo, seu compromisso com a formação do cidadão crítico, ciente dos seus direitos e deveres sociais, capaz de intervir nas discussões sobre as questões ambientais em prol de uma sociedade mais justa e ambientalmente sustentável. The concept of environment has a direct relationship to the pedagogical practices that are developed and applied and the current environmental setting which is imperative, as it requires solutions that must be consistent with reality. Thus, the ecological subject has its foundation based on the critical current of EE (Environmental Education), which regards the environment as a whole, considering the complex and conflicting interfaces that permeate the relationship between humans and nature. Thereby, we propose in this study to investigate what is the concept of environment held by the environmental educators at the Zoo in Goiânia. We intend to verify how this is translated into pedagogical activities and, finally, analyze the contributions of this informal education setting to the formation of the ecological subject. It was noticed that didactic activities at the Zoo in Goiânia are based on a naturalist and conservationist perspective, which regards the environment as nature and resource. Moreover, we found simplistic practices that, although reinforcing the need of the subject to acquire behaviors considered in agreement with environmentally friendly practices, as well as the need to rebuild a connection with nature, they do not contribute to the critical formation of the ecological subject. This way, the zoo, as an informal educational setting, does not fulfill its educative role, nor its commitment to aid the development of critical-thinking citizens, aware of his or her rights and social duties, and capable to intervene on environmental issues, in pursuit of a juster and environmentally sustainable society.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estrutura e dinâmica das populações de fitoflagelados nos períodos de chuva e estiagem dos anos de 2000 e 2001 nas lagoas de inundação do rio Araguaia. As análises foram baseadas na riqueza específica, composição florística e biovolume dos fitoflagelados que estão associadas a determinadas variáveis climáticas, físicas e químicas da água. O teste de Mantel evidenciou um fraco padrão espacial das populações de fitoflagelados, além disso, o teste de Mantel corroborou a importância do componente local na estrutura dessas populações. Os escores derivados da DCA, aplicadas aos dados biológicos demonstram que os períodos de águas altas e baixas não se diferenciaram fortemente em 2000 e 2001, entretanto foi possível notar variação interanual das populações de fitoflagelados. Os dados de biovolume indicaram que existiu um fitoplâncton predominado por Chryptophyceae (grupo funcional Y) e Euglenophyceae (grupo funcional W1) em 2000 e 2001. A riqueza especifica e o biovolume responderam ao pulso de inundação, tanto as águas altas como as águas baixas apresentaram dinâmicas distintas nos dois anos o que pode indicar a importância do pulso de inundação sobre os fitoflagelados.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:54:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0101-81752007000200004.pdf: 182137 bytes, checksum: 7ea8b380eede09f95fb6db6897ab57cf (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:54:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0101-81752007000200004.pdf: 182137 bytes, checksum: 7ea8b380eede09f95fb6db6897ab57cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:08:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-81752007000200004.pdf: 182137 bytes, checksum: 7ea8b380eede09f95fb6db6897ab57cf (MD5) S0101-81752007000200004.pdf.txt: 39411 bytes, checksum: fb958984cb6587067aaf8e98e497c937 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:22:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-81752007000200004.pdf: 182137 bytes, checksum: 7ea8b380eede09f95fb6db6897ab57cf (MD5) S0101-81752007000200004.pdf.txt: 39411 bytes, checksum: fb958984cb6587067aaf8e98e497c937 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:22:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0101-81752007000200004.pdf: 182137 bytes, checksum: 7ea8b380eede09f95fb6db6897ab57cf (MD5) S0101-81752007000200004.pdf.txt: 39411 bytes, checksum: fb958984cb6587067aaf8e98e497c937 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) A diversidade e a estrutura de comunidades de Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera (EPT) em riachos do Brasil Central (Serra dos Pireneus, Pirenópolis, Estado de Goiás) foi investigada. Dados de abundância de EPT foram obtidos em trechos de corredeira de riachos do Centro Oeste Brasileiro com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da variabilidade espacial, incluindo o efeito do tamanho do riacho e da ação antrópica, e da sazonalidade (seca e chuva) sobre a diversidade e a estrutura faunística. Os imaturos foram coletados mensalmente com redes circulares (0,5 mm de malhas) por uma hora em cinco pontos de coleta durante 14 meses. do ponto de vista espacial, os dados do presente trabalho mostraram que a ação antrópica determinou os padrões de diversidade, enquanto que o tamanho dos riachos (1ª e 3-4ª ordens) determinou a composição faunística. Aliado a isso, a sazonalidade ambiental foi um fator importante para a estruturação da fauna de EPT. The diversity and structure of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) assemblages in streams of Central Brazil (Serra dos Pireneus, Pirenópolis, State of Goiás) was investigated. Abundance data of EPT were obtained in Central-West Brazilian streams in order to evaluate the effect of spatial variability, including the effect of size of the stream and anthropic action, and seasonality (dry and rainy seasons) on faunal diversity and structure. The immatures were collected with circular sieves (0. 5 mm mesh) during one hour at five collection stations over 14 months. From a spatial point of view, the data showed that anthropic action determined the patterns of diversity whereas the size of streams (1st and 3rd-4th orders) determined the faunistic composition. In addition, environmental seasonality was an important factor for structuring the EPT fauna. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis Departamento de Ciências Biológicas

Abundance-occupancy relationships of Trichoptera larvae, estimated in two seasons, were compared to evaluate the following hypothesis: hydrologic instability during the rain season is the main mechanism which reduces the magnitude of these relationships in streams located in the Cerrado region, Centre-West of Brazil. The larvae density was determined from 18 sampling stations in a region surrounding the Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas, Caldas Novas, Estado de Goias , by Surber sampler. The distribution of each taxon was given by the number of occurrences in the region. During the dry season (July), a significant correlation between abundance-occupancy was detected ( r =0.606; n = 20; P < 0.005). On the other hand, such relationships were not significant during rainy periods. These results support the hypothesis that, during the periods of hydrological stability, abundance and distribution patterns of Trichoptera were controlled by the interaction of organisms tolerance and environment gradients. Besides, the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic, acting on benthonic insects may be temporally dependent

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de identificar e o de classificar os sistemas lacustres da planicie aluvial do rio Araguaia entre as cidades de Aruana, Estado de Goias e de Luiz Alves, Estado de Goias. Nesse trecho, a planicie do Araguaia tem cerca de 256 km de extensao, na qual foram quantificados 293 lagos de 10 categorias: lagos de canal abandonado, canal abandonado encadeado, oxbow, oxbow colmatados, oxbow composto, espira de meandro, espira de meandro composta, diques marginais, vale bloqueado e lagos de acrescao lateral. O objetivo especifico foi o de realizar uma analise de parâmetros morfometricos de 20 lagos da planicie do medio Araguaia, comparando duas estacoes sazonais (seca e cheia). Os parâmetros morfometricos analisados foram os seguintes: area, perimetro, profundidade, largura e comprimento maximo, desenvolvimento de perimetro, indice de forma e determinacao da largura da boca dos lagos (conectividade). Os parâmetros morfometricos foram calculados, utilizando as imagens de satelite Landsat TM e o sistema de informacao geografica (SIG) SPRING. A variacao dos parâmetros morfometricos variou significativamente entre os periodos de seca e de cheia (area: 0,03 - 2,77 km 2 na seca para 0,04 - 8,38 km 2 na cheia). A profundidade maxima: 0,3 m – 4,55 m na seca para 2,7 – 7,75 na cheia. Cerca de 65% dos lagos apresentam Dp > 4 – isso porque a tendencia geral dos lagos e ter uma tendencia alongada

In this paper the spatial distribution of Plecoptera nymphs in the Almas' River basin, Pirenópolis, GO, was studied. Two Surber samples, each comprising 20 sampling units and totalling 2 m², were taken in each of the 13 stations, one during the rainy season (January 1994) and the second during the dry season (July 1994). In 5 of these stations, monthly samplings were made from June 1993 to July 1994; in these, temperature, velocity, discharge, electrical conductivity and pH were measured. Regional rainfall was also obtained. To ascertain the distribution of nymphs in the habitat, a separate sample was taken. Of the factors considered, the most important affecting the spatial distribution of the stonefly nymphs were altitude, stream order, and anthropic influence. Locally, the genera Anacroneuria and Kempnyia showed clumped distributions, but the data for Gripopteryx and Tupiperla were inconclusive due to low numbers.

A survey of the stonefly (Plecoptera) fauna of streams of the Almas River basin, Pirenópolis, Goiás State, Central Brazil, is presented as well as data of some factors that could affeet the temporal distribution of the adults. For checking adult phenology, light sources were used in three stations from June 1993 to Jully 1994. The sampled individuais were identified to species or morphospecies, as possible. In this study, 301 individuais belonging to the perlid genera Anacroneuria Klapálek, 1909, Kempnyia Klapálek, 1916 and Macrogynoplax Enderlein, 1909 were collected. Adults of most species were collected along the studied period, except for those of Kempnyia that were restricted to the warm-rainy season, the same pattern for this genus in southeastern Brazil. Although adults of most species were collected along most of the studied period, the largest number of adults was collected in the months with larger mean temperatures, showing a clear seasonality in abundance.

Relationships among some abiotic factors (temperature, velocity, flow, conductivity, oxy-reduction potential and pH) and the seazonal density of benthic insects (immature forms) of the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera at the Parque Ecologico de Goiânia, Goias are studied. An area of 1m2 was sampled and abiotic factors were recorded in 4 sites from August/1994 to July/1995. The faunistic composition was 75% Ephemeroptera, 1% Plecoptera and 24% Trichoptera. The data suggest the water velocity and flow as the main factors that determined the aquatic insects abundance.

This study was conducted in the Meia Ponte River basin, which is located in the Cerrado biome. The objective was to describe the structure of fish assemblages and to evaluate the results with the regard to the position of the tributaries (sampling stations) along the basin. This basin drains 35 municipalities of Goiás State. Springs of the Meia Ponte are located in the district of Itauçu (GO), in the Serra dos Brandões. Two sampling were conducted, one in the rainy season (March/2001) and another in the dry season (August/2001). Thirty sampling sites in tributaries and one in the channel of the Meia Ponte River, in its upper course, were selected to capture fish with dipnets (3 mm mesh) during one hour, along 100-m stretch. Sampling periods (season; rainy and dry) and the categorization according to the distance of the sampling station from the mouth of the Meia Ponte River (position; upper, intermediate and lower) were used to evaluate differences in fish assemblage structure, summarized by a detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), applied on the abundance data matrix, squared root transformed, to eliminate the effect of abundant species. The first two axes were retained for interpretation (eigenvalues = 0.35 and 0.24, for axis 1 and 2, respectively). The two-way ANOVA (factors seasons and positions) identified significant differences (p

The present work, based on material from northern, central-western, and northeastern Brazil, contributes to the knowledge of the two-winged Cloeodes Traver (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in South America. Two new species, C. maracatu, sp. nov. and C. spaceki, sp. nov., are described, the former based on nymphs and reared adults and the latter only on nymphs; the male and female imago of C. auwe and the female imago of C. redactus are described. Based on these findings, an updated key for South American nymphs and male adults of the two-winged Cloeodes is provided.

No presente trabalho foram levantados dados sobre a fauna de imaturos de Trichoptera dentro e fora de unidades de conservação estaduais da região da Serra de Paranapiacaba, Estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de testar os efeitos dos fatores ambientais e do estado de conservação ambiental sobre a composição faunística, abundância e riqueza das larvas. Também foi testada a relação entre a abundância e a distribuição dos diferentes gêneros de Trichoptera. As coletas foram feitas em riachos de 1a a 4 a ordem totalizando 33 pontos de coleta. 25 pedras de tamanho padronizado (18-20 cm de maior diâmetro) foram amostradas com auxílio de um puçá. Análises de ordenação e agrupamento não detectaram nenhuma estruturação da fauna de Trichoptera. Entre os fatores ambientais testados, os escores de integridade ambiental, características físico-químicas e localização do riacho (dentro e fora das unidades de conservação) não foram significativos para explicar a distribuição faunística, enquanto vazão e distância geográfica foram significativos, porém com baixo poder explicativo. Não houve diferença significativa entre a abundância e a riqueza (observada e padronizada) de riachos dentro e fora das unidades de conservação. A ausência de estruturação da fauna pode ter sido provocada pelos picos de chuva registrados antes e durante as coletas, o que poderia ter homogeneizado a fauna, e pelo diferentes graus de impacto antrópico encontrados nos riachos fora dos parques, os quais podem não ter sido fortes o suficiente para provocar diferenças de comunidades. Foi encontrada uma relação positiva entre a abundância relativa e a distribuição de gêneros, corroborando resultados de diversos estudos de macroecologia. Data on the fauna of immature stages of Trichoptera were gathered for sites within and outside the range of conservation units in Serra de Paranapiacaba, State of São Paulo, aiming to test the effects of environmental variables and degree of environmental integrity on faunistic composition, abundance and richness of larvae. The relationship between abundance and occupancy of Trichoptera genera was also tested. Sampling was conducted in 1st-4th order streams, in a total of 33 stations. 25 stones with a standardized size (18-20cm along the longest axis) were sampled with a net (0,250mm mesh size). Ordination and cluster analysis failed to detect any faunal structure of Trichoptera. Among the environmental variables, the environmental integrity scores, physico-chemical factors and location (inside and outside of the conservation unit) were non significant in explaining the distribution, whereas discharge and geographic distance were significant, although with little explanatory power. No significant differences were found for abundance and richness (observed and standardized) between sites inside and outside of the conservation units. The absence of faunal structure may have resulted from peaks of rain recorded just before and during sampling days, which could have homogeneized the fauna, and due to differences in the degree of anthropic impacts found for sites outside of the conservation units, which may not have been severe enough to cause the differentiation of faunal assemblages. A positive relationship between relative abundance and distribution of genera was found, in accordance with various macroecology studies.

Os ecossistemas lóticos são heterogêneos e complexos. As condições físicas variam da nascente à foz, incluindo características da largura, profundidade, declividade, velocidade de fluxo, temperatura e energia. Estas variações e dinâmica de nutrientes contribuem para determinar a composição funcional e distribuição de macroinvertebrados. Os objetivos desta tese foram avaliar o quanto as variáveis ambientais de habitats físicos explicam (i) a riqueza e distribuição de Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera (EPT) e (ii) os itens alimentares encontrados no conteúdo estomacal de larvas de Phylloicus (Plecoptera: Calamoceratidae). Foram amostradas comunidades de macroinvertebrados bentônicos, quantificados os habitat físicos e mensurados parâmetros físicos e químicos de qualidade de água em 80 sítios amostrais selecionados aleatoriamente em duas bacias hidrográficas no Cerrado (alto rio Araguari e alto rio São Francisco), sudeste do Brasil. Métricas de habitats como largura do leito sazonal, porcentagem de seixos, proporção de abrigos, declividade, porcentagem de trechos com fluxo lento, largura média da área molhada e oxigênio dissolvido foram selecionadas por modelos de regressão múltipla (MLR) e contribuíram significativamente para explicar a riqueza de EPT em ambas as bacias. Métricas de habitats físicos foram mais importantes do que parâmetros de qualidade de água na estruturação de gêneros de EPT nas duas bacias. Foi estudada a dieta de Phylloicus considerando cinco instares e seis categorias de itens alimentares no trato digestivo (CPOM - partículas grossas de matéria orgânica, FPOM - partículas finas de matéria orgânica, algas, tecido animal, tecido vegetal e material mineral). Foi evidenciado, dentre nossas análises estatísticas, que CPOM no conteúdo foi maior nas das larvas de Phylloicus nos riachos na bacia do alto São Francisco e este variou entre os riachos e entre os instares nas duas bacias; FPOM foi maior nas larvas nos riachos na bacia do alto rio Araguari e variou entre riachos e entre instares nas duas bacias; material mineral foi maior no conteúdo das larvas nos riachos na bacia alto rio Araguari e variou entre riachos nas duas bacias. As principais métricas de habitats físicos relacionadas aos itens alimentares foram largura média do leito sazonal, largura média x profundidade, porcentagem de matéria orgânica total, cobertura ripária e presença de abrigo como pedaços de madeira grande. As larvas de Phylloicus apresentaram diferentes estratégias de alimentação nas duas bacias. Esta tese evidenciou a importância dos habitats físicos na distribuição da riqueza de EPT e as relações dos habitats com o conteúdo do trato digestivo de larvas de Phylloicus. Os resultados desta tese contribuem com informações das influências de habitats físicos para estruturação de comunidades de macroinvertebrados bentônicos e grupos tróficos funcionais em ecossistemas aquáticos. Stream ecosystems are heterogeneous and complex. The physical conditions vary from headwater to mouth, including characteristics of width, depth, slope, flow velocity, temperature and energy. These variations and nutrient dynamics contribute to determine the functional composition and distribution of macroinvertebrates. The objectives of this thesis were to assess how environmental variables of physical habitats explain (i) the richness and distribution of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) and (ii) the food items found in the stomach contents of larvae of Phylloicus (Plecoptera: Calamoceratidae). We sampled benthic macroinvertebrates cummunities, quantified physical habitats an measured physicochemical variables of water quality in 80 randomly selected sampling sites in two watersheds in the Cerrado (Upper Araguari River Basin and Upper São Francisco River Basin), southeastern Brazil. Habitat metrics bankfull width, percentage of pebbles, proportion of shelters, slope, percentage of slow flow, wetted area width and dissolved oxygen were selected by multiple regression models (MLR) and contributed significantly to explain the EPT richness in both basins. Physical habitats metrics were more important than water quality variables in the structuring EPT genera in the two basins. We studied the diet of Phylloicus considering five instars and six categories of food items in the gut content (CPOM - coarse particulate organic matter, FPOM - fine particulate organic matter, algae, animal tissue, plant tissue and mineral material). We showed through our statistical analyses that CPOM content was higher in the Phylloicus larvae of streams of Upper São Francisco River Basin, and it varied between streams and between instars larval in the two basins. FPOM was higher in the larvae of streams of Upper Araguari River Basin and varied between streams in the two basins; mineral material content was higher in the larvae of streams of upper Araguari and varied between streams in the two basins. The main physical habitat metrics related to food items were mean bankfull width, mean width x depth, percentage of total organic matter, riparian cover and shelter as the presence of large wood debris. Phylloicus larvae showed different feeding strategies in the two basins. This thesis showed the importance of physical habitats in the distribution of EPT richness and relations of habitats with the gut contents of Phylloicus larvae. The results of this thesis contribute with information regarding the influences of physical habitat for structuring benthic macroinvertebrate communities and functional trophic groups in aquatic ecosystems.