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Digestive microbiota provide a wide range of beneficial effects on host physiology and are therefore likely to play a key role in marine intertidal bivalve ability to acclimatize to the intertidal zone. This study investigated the effect of intertidal levels on the digestive bacterial microbiota of oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and clams (Ruditapes philippinarum), two bivalves with different ecological niches. Based on 16S rRNA region sequencing, digestive glands, seawater and sediments harbored specific bacterial communities, dominated by operational taxonomic units assigned to the Mycoplasmatales,Desulfobacterales and Rhodobacterales orders, respectively. Field implantation modified digestive bacterial microbiota of both bivalve species according to their intertidal position. Rhodospirillales and Legionellales abundances increased in oysters and clams from the low intertidal level, respectively. After a 14-day depuration process, these effects were still observed, especially for clams, while digestive bacterial microbiota of oysters were subjected to more short-term environmental changes. Nevertheless, 3.5 months stay on an intertidal zone was enough to leave an environmental footprint on the digestive bacterial microbiota, suggesting the existence of autochthonous bivalve bacteria. When comparing clams from the three intertidal levels, 20% of the bacterial assemblage was shared among the levels and it was dominated by an operational taxonomic unit affiliated to the Mycoplasmataceae and Spirochaetaceae families.

International audience; Lactobacillus harbinensis K.V9.3.1Np was described as endowed with high antifungal activity. Most of the studies associated this activity to the produced organic acids, i.e., lactic acid, acetic acid, and hexanoic acid. The aim of this study was to purify and identify, other not yet described, antifungal molecules produced by L. harbinensis K.V9.3.1 Np when used in yogurt fermentation. Active compounds were extracted through several extraction processes using organic solvents and protein precipitation. The fractions of interest were purified using flash chromatography and preparative HPLC for specific characterization. The bioactive compounds identification was performed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mass Spectrometry. Activity tests against Penicillium expansum and Yarrowia lipolytica showed that the active compounds from L. harbinensis K.V9.3.1Np are benzoic acid and a polyamine identified as a spermine analog, which has not been reported earlier. However, the highest activity was shown by a mixture of short (n = 2-5) polycyclic lactates. Our overall results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed extraction/purification approach. The new compounds described here have promising antifungal activities but further studies are still needed to decipher their mode of action and production pathways. Even though, they present an interesting potential application in food, feed, as well as, in pharmaceutical industries and could serve as alternative to chemical additives.

FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 57 (2), ISSN:0168-6496, ISSN:1574-6941

Marine (= blue) biotechnology, i.e. the utilization of marine bio-resources as a target or source of biotechnological applications, is a field with massive potential for innovation and economic growth. In a context of rapid climate change and increasing pressure on natural resources, renewed interest in marine biotechnology has been promoted by application of recent methodological and technological advances, notably in bioprocessing and in the various –omics domains, to the study of marine biodiversity. Marine biological resources potentially represent a sustainable raw material for exploitation in diverse fields, including nutrition, health, agriculture, aquaculture, energy, environment, and cosmetics. Marine biotechnology is now recognized as a strategically important domain at European, national and regional levels. The present document, compiled by the Marine Biotechnology Working Group of the “Europole Mer”, aims to survey the skills, actors and principal infrastructures related to marine biotechnology in the Brittany and Pays de la Loire regions in the west of France in order to identify strengths and weaknesses and propose strategies to stimulate the future development of this strategic domain. Marine biotechnology is an integral part of the Smart Specialization Strategies of both of these maritime regions, which have more than 3000km of coast and numerous assets for becoming a hub of excellence for marine biotechnology. These include high quality, internationally renowned research laboratories and university courses in marine biology and engineering (bioprocessing), a strong inter-regional technology transfer ecosystem, and a dynamic and diversified network of mainly small-sized private-sector companies. However, marine biotechnology would benefit from greater inter-regional coherence and synergy between actors. This could be achieved by undertaking specific actions in the following domains: •• communication: implement a mutualized and offensive communication strategy; •• research: further support fundamental research and research infrastructures; finance proof-of-concept studies to bridge the gap between public-sector and private-sector research; •• training: develop multidisciplinarity in existing training; identify the skills needed at each level of the value chain and propose targeted vocational training courses to fill gaps; involve academic, technology transfer, and industry actors in molding the future training landscape; •• technology transfer : develop a national strategy for the development of marine biotechnology activities, identify the Technology Readiness Level of projects and provide support accordingly; support the implantation of public-private laboratories, demonstrator facilities and science parks., Les biotechnologies marines (ou biotechnologies bleues), c’est à dire l’utilisation des bioressources marines en tant que cibles ou sources d’applications biotechnologiques, constituent un domaine qui recèle un énorme potentiel pour l’innovation et la croissance économique. Dans un contexte de changement climatique et de pression croissante sur les ressources naturelles, les biotechnologies marines connaissent actuellement un regain d’intérêt grâce d’une part aux progrès méthodologiques dans le domaine des bioprocédés et d’autre part à l’avancée majeure des connaissances sur la biodiversité marine accompagnée de la révolution dite « omique ». Les ressources biologiques marines constituent en effet une matière première durable pour une exploitation dans divers domaines d’application tels que la nutrition, la santé, l’agriculture, l’aquaculture, l’énergie, l’environnement et les produits cosmétiques. Les biotechnologies marines sont désormais reconnues comme un domaine d’importance stratégique aux niveaux européen, national et régional. Ce document, émanant du Groupe de travail sur les biotechnologies marines de l’Europôle Mer, vise à analyser les compétences, les acteurs et les principales infrastructures liées à la biotechnologie marine en Bretagne et dans les Pays de la Loire afin d’identifier les forces et les faiblesses du secteur et de proposer des stratégies pour stimuler le développement futur de ce domaine stratégique. Les biotechnologies marines figurent parmi les domaines d’innovation stratégiques de la Stratégie Régionale de Soutien à l’Innovation (SRI-SI) des deux Régions Bretagne et Pays de la Loire, qui cumulent plus de 3000 km de côtes et disposent de nombreux atouts pour constituer un pôle de compétences majeur en biotechnologies marines. Le Grand Ouest bénéficie en effet de laboratoires de recherche et de formations universitaires en biologie marine et en ingénierie de grande qualité et reconnus au niveau international, d’une dynamique très forte de transfert technologique, ainsi que d’un tissu industriel dynamique et diversifié. Néanmoins, les biotechnologies marines pourraient avantageusement bénéficier d’une meilleure mise en cohérence inter-régionale, d’une plus grande synergie des acteurs et de la mise en oeuvre de mesures spécifiques dans les domaines suivants : •• communication : mettre en oeuvre une stratégie de communication mutualisée et offensive ; •• recherche : soutenir des programmes de recherche inter-régionaux Bretagne et Pays de la Loire ; soutenir davantage les infrastructures de recherche et la recherche fondamentale ; financer des études de preuve de concept afin de combler le fossé entre le secteur de la recherche publique et le secteur privé. •• formation : développer l’interdisciplinarité dans l’offre de formation; identifier les compétences requises à chaque maillon de la chaîne de valeur « de l’idée aux marchés » pour proposer une offre de formation sur l’ensemble de cette chaîne de valeur, encourager l’implication des entrepreneurs dans l’orientation des cursus de formation ; •• transfert de technologie : élaborer une stratégie nationale de développement des activités de biotechnologies marines, identifier le niveau de maturation des projets (TRL) afin de les soutenir de façon adaptée; soutenir l’implantation de laboratoires public-privé ainsi que les installations de démonstrateurs et de parcs scientifiques.