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In most soft wheat products such as cakes, baking powder (BP) plays an important role in achieving the desired product volume through batter aeration by the release of CO2 during baking. However, the optimization of a blend of constituents in BP is minimally documented, especially the selection of acids, which is often supported by the suppliers based on their experience. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of two sodium acid pyrophosphate leavening acids (SAPP10 and SAPP40) at different levels in BP on final pound cake properties. A central composite design of the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design the blend ratio of SAPP with different amounts of BP to investigate some selected cake parameters such as specific volume and conformation. Results showed that increasing the BP level significantly increased the batter specific volume and porosity but dropped as BP approached maximum (4.52%). The batter pH was influenced by SAPP type; SAPP40 presented a relatively sufficient neutralization of the leaving system as compared to SAPP10. Furthermore, lower BP levels resulted in cakes with large air cells, which presented a non-homogeneous crumb grain. This study therefore highlights the need to identify the optimum amount of BP to attain the desired product qualities.

The latest realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System, ITRF2020, was released in April 2022.When evaluating this terrestrial reference frame (TRF) , it was found that the scales from VLBI and SRL are in good agreement between 1998 and 2013.75, the difference is about 0.15 ppb. However, after 2013.75 the scale of VLBI seems to drift away. The reason for this is not yet understood. One reason could be related to the models used in the VLBI data analysis, for example the models used to correct for the geophysical loading as well as for the thermal and gravitational deformations of the telescopes. In this contribution, we investigate what impact such models can have on the VLBI scale. In VLBI analysis done for ITRF2020, gravitational deformation models were applied for six telescopes. Since then, gravitational deformation models for another seven telescopes have become available. We investigate how applying those additional models affect the VLBI scale. To assess the impact of thermal deformation on the scale we analyse in the VLBI data both with and without thermal deformation corrections. For calculating the thermal deformations we test using both in situ temperature measurements as well as temperature from numerical weather models.

A population of massive galaxies invisible or very faint in deep optical/near-infrared surveys, but brighter at longer wavelengths has been uncovered in the past years. However, the nature of these optically dark/faint galaxies (OFGs, among other nomenclatures) is highly uncertain. In this work, we investigate the drivers of dust attenuation in the JWST era. Particularly, we study the role of stellar mass, size, and orientation in obscuring star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at $3 < z < 7.5$, focusing on understanding why galaxies like OFGs are so faint at optical/near-infrared wavelengths. We find that stellar mass is the primary proxy of dust attenuation among those studied. Effective radius and axis ratio do not show a clear link with dust attenuation, with the effect of orientation close to random. However, there is a subset of highly dust attenuated ($A_V > 1$, typically) SFGs, of which OFGs are a specific case. For this subset, we find that the key distinctive feature is their compact size (for massive systems with $\log (M_{*}/M_{\odot}) > 10$), exhibiting 30% smaller effective radius than the average SFGs at the same stellar mass and redshift. On the contrary, they do not exhibit a preference for low axis ratios (i.e., edge-on disks). The results in this work show stellar mass as a primary proxy of dust attenuation and compact stellar light profiles behind thick dust columns obscuring typical massive SFGs., Submitted to A&A. 13 pages, 9 figures

International audience

We report the discovery of a candidate galaxy with a photo-z of z ∼ 12 in the first epoch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey. Following conservative selection criteria, we identify a source with a robust z phot = 11.8 − 0.2 + 0.3 (1σ uncertainty) with m F200W = 27.3 and ≳7σ detections in five filters. The source is not detected at λ < 1.4 μm in deep imaging from both Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and JWST and has faint ∼3σ detections in JWST F150W and HST F160W, which signal a Lyα break near the red edge of both filters, implying z ∼ 12. This object (Maisie’s Galaxy) exhibits F115W − F200W > 1.9 mag (2σ lower limit) with a blue continuum slope, resulting in 99.6% of the photo-z probability distribution function favoring z > 11. All data-quality images show no artifacts at the candidate’s position, and independent analyses consistently find a strong preference for z > 11. Its colors are inconsistent with Galactic stars, and it is resolved (r h = 340 ± 14 pc). Maisie’s Galaxy has log M */M ⊙ ∼ 8.5 and is highly star-forming (log sSFR ∼ −8.2 yr−1), with a blue rest-UV color (β ∼ −2.5) indicating little dust, though not extremely low metallicity. While the presence of this source is in tension with most predictions, it agrees with empirical extrapolations assuming UV luminosity functions that smoothly decline with increasing redshift. Should follow-up spectroscopy validate this redshift, our universe was already aglow with galaxies less than 400 Myr after the Big Bang.

The 2016 law on prostitution in France introduced the so-called Swedish model approach to sex work, which, at the national level, criminalises those who purchase sex rather than the sex workers themselves. Alongside the repressive character of the law, lawmakers introduced a number of social policy measures through the implementation of a ‘prostitution exit programme’. Whilst some pioneering research has sought to evaluate the impact of penalising the clients of sex workers, no survey has yet focused on the outcomes of prostitution exit programmes. Based on qualitative data, including interviews with sex workers and grassroots organisations, this article aims to analyse how the programme was implemented and its overall outcomes. The interviews we conducted shed particular light on the fact that the implementation of the programme is impacted on by the application of restrictive migration policies.

IntroductionAmyloidosis typing is crucial to determine the best therapeutic strategy for patients. Since conventional histological techniques often fail, the identification of amyloid precursors by mass spectrometry became the new standard. However, without quantification, selecting the amyloid precursor from proteins that may be ubiquitous under non-pathological conditions may be equivocal. Therefore, we quantified protein enrichment in amyloid deposits to improve typing.MethodsProtein enrichment was measured by extracted ion chromatogram based label free quantification by comparing a microdissected amyloid area with a non-amyloid area. We assessed the discrimination ability of candidate precursors with this approach compared to the two practiced identification methods.ResultsAs proof of concept, we selected seven cases, 5 typical of the most common amyloidosis subtypes and typed by immunostainings, 2 inconclusive after immunohistochemistry. Proteins associated with amyloid deposits were identified in all samples confirming the pathology. When the routine clinical mass spectrometric identification techniques allowed unambiguous conclusions for 2/3 of 7 cases, quantification of the enrichment ratio in the amyloid deposit allowed unambiguous precursor selection in all cases.ConclusionQuantification of precursor enrichment in amyloid deposits is a promising optimization for amyloidosis typing. Incorporated into routine clinical processes, it will improve patient care in difficult diagnostic situations.

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PDF file - 52K, PCR primers used in this study

The molecular mechanisms and cellular targets of sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), remain to be fully characterized. Recent studies have shown that sorafenib induces tumor cell death through the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling and/or autophagy in various cellular models. Using liver cancer–derived cell lines, we specifically show that the IRE1 and phosphorylated extracellular signal–regulated kinase arms of the unfolded protein response (UPR) become activated upon sorafenib treatment, whereas the ATF6 arm is inhibited. Our results also reveal that sorafenib treatment causes disruption to the secretory pathway, as witnessed by the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus and the induction of autophagy. On the basis of these observations, we tested the relevance of the AAA+ ATPase p97/VCP as a potential functional target of sorafenib. Our results show that p97/VCP tyrosine phosphorylation is prevented upon sorafenib treatment, and that this can be correlated with enhanced membrane association. Moreover, we show that DBeQ, a recently discovered inhibitor of p97/VCP, enhances sorafenib-mediated toxicity in cultured cells. Our data show a novel mechanism for sorafenib-mediated cell death in HCC, which depends on the integrity of the secretory pathway; and we identify p97/VCP phosphorylation as a potential target for improved sorafenib treatment efficacy in patients. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(12); 2610–20. ©2012 AACR.

PDF file - 877K, Figure S1. (A) Quantification of Xbp1 mRNA splicing shown in Figure 2A. (B) Wild-type HepG2 cells were either not treated or treated with 10 μM Sorafenib for 2 h followed by staining for giantin, a Golgi complex marker, α-tubulin, as a marker for the microtubules and Hoechst 33342 as a nuclear marker. (C) Cells treated as above were immunostained against giantin and phalloidin was used to stain the actin cytoskeleton. Images were acquired by wide-field fluorescence microscopy. Scale bars correspond to 25 μm.

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PDF file - 510K, Figure S2. (A) HepG2 cells were either not treated or treated with 10 μM Sorafenib for 4 h, after which they were either fixed or Sorafenib removed from cells and fresh medium added for a further 2 h. Cells were then stained with anti Giantin (green). Scale bars correspond to 25 μm. (B) The number of cells containing fragmented Golgi complex was quantified. Between 200 and 400 cells were analyzed for each condition and results are represented as the means � SD. Student's t-test *: p < 0.03, compared to control, #: p < 0.03 HepG2 mock transfected compared to IRE1-DN transfected cells.

PDF file - 36K, Quantification of eiF2α phosphorylation upon sorafenib treatment. X-ray film were quantified using scanning densitometry and data are represented as arbitrary units � SD.

Cereal bran possesses enzymes and antinutrients which should be reduced for their usability as a food ingredient high in dietary fiber, minerals, and antioxidants. This study investigated the influence of high-intensity ultrasound on enzymatic and antioxidant activities, phytic acid content (PA), and functional and rheological properties of oat and barley bran. Ultrasonication was performed at three specific energies (87 kJ/kg, 217.5 kJ/kg, and 348 kJ/kg), without or with pulsation (5 s emission, 10 s pause). Bran was assessed for β-glucanase, phytase and antioxidant activities, PA and total phenolic content, hydration, and rheological properties. β-glucanase from oat bran was inactivated up to 82% and from barley bran up to 55%, depending on the ultrasound-specific energy and pulsation. PA and antioxidant activities were higher in native oat bran (PA 17.35 mg/g d.w., FRAP 6.96 μmol TE/g d.w., 3.30 μmol FAE/g d.w.) compared to barley bran (PA 11.53 mg/g d.w., FRAP 2.27 μmol TE/g d.w., 5.30 μmol FAE/g d.w.). In both bran types, phytase activity increased (40–44%) after treatments at 87 kJ/kg, and on average, PA was reduced by 17% in oat bran and by 39% in barley bran. Depending on the energy and pulsation, bran ultrasonication reduced total phenolic content (27–55%), antioxidant activity (by 28–48%), complex viscosity (62–71%), and maximum stress tolerance (46–68%) while increased water swelling (42–48%) and retention capacity (44–59%). Hence, high-intensity ultrasound is a useful technique in reducing antinutrients while altering the enzymatic activity and functional properties of the bran. These results could help the wider application of bran in food production.

We report on the host properties of five X-ray-luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN) identified at 3 < z < 5 in the first epoch of imaging from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey. Each galaxy has been imaged with the JWST Near-Infrared Camera, which provides rest-frame optical morphologies at these redshifts. We also derive stellar masses and star formation rates for each host by fitting its spectral energy distribution using a combination of galaxy and AGN templates. We find that three of the AGN hosts have spheroidal morphologies, one is a bulge-dominated disk, and one is dominated by pointlike emission. None are found to show strong morphological disturbances that might indicate a recent interaction or merger event. When compared to a sample of mass-matched inactive galaxies, we find that the AGN hosts have morphologies that are less disturbed and more bulge-dominated. Notably, all four of the resolved hosts have rest-frame optical colors consistent with a quenched or poststarburst stellar population. The presence of AGN in passively evolving galaxies at z > 3 is significant because a rapid feedback mechanism is required in most semianalytic models and cosmological simulations to explain the growing population of massive quiescent galaxies observed at these redshifts. Our findings show that AGN can continue to inject energy into these systems after their star formation is curtailed, potentially heating their halos and preventing renewed star formation. Additional observations will be needed to determine what role this feedback may play in helping to quench these systems and/or maintain their quiescent state.

With the advent of globalization, family diversity is further advanced by the rates of marriage migration, which are rising in Europe, the Americas, and most prominently in South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, and other countries of Northeast Asia. Hélène Le Bail explores the geography and routes of cross-border marriages along with the positive and adverse consequences of this trend. She highlights the contradictory discourse surrounding cross-border marriages, which on one hand is seen as a cultural threat to a homogenous society, and on the other hand as a favorable solution to declining fertility rates in places such as South Korea, where public policy now lends support to the “multicultural family.”

International audience; Temporal networks of face-to-face interactions between individuals are useful proxies of the dynamics of social systems on fast time scales. Several empirical statistical properties of these networks have been shown to be robust across a large variety of contexts. In order to better grasp the role of various mechanisms of social interactions in the emergence of these properties, models in which schematic implementations of such mechanisms can be carried out have proven useful. Here, we put forward a new framework to model temporal networks of human interactions, based on the idea of a co-evolution and feedback between (i) an observed network of instantaneous interactions and (ii) an underlying unobserved social bond network: social bonds partially drive interaction opportunities, and in turn are reinforced by interactions and weakened or even removed by the lack of interactions. Through this co-evolution, we also integrate in the model well-known mechanisms such as triadic closure, but also the impact of shared social context and non-intentional (casual) interactions, with several tunable parameters. We then propose a method to compare the statistical properties of each version of the model with empirical face-to-face interaction data sets, to determine which sets of mechanisms lead to realistic social temporal networks within this modeling framework.

this paper presents priliminary results of a research-intervention (RI) that focuses on prevention work in the agricultural sector, and taht aims to support a reflexion on the service relationship between the Mutualité Sociale Agricole and its affiliates. After a presentation of the RI, its objectives and its structure, we will present a case study that results from the RI. This will allow us to clarify the way in witch the prevention actors at MSA carry out prevention work tha articulates multiples temporalities and requires sevral levels of internal and external coordination. The results will be discussed in th light of the sustainability of the prevention work that this work allow., La communication présente les premiers résultats d'une recherche-intervention (RI) qie s'intéresse au travail de prévention dand le milieu agricole, en vue d'accompagner une réflexion sur la relation de service entre la Mutualité Sociale Agricole et ses affiliés. Après une présentation de la RI, ses objectifs et sa structuration, nous présenterons un cas d'étude issu de cette RI. Ce la permettra d'expliciter les manières dont les auteurs de la prévention à la MSA réalisent un travail de prévention qui articule des temporalités multiples et nécessite plusieurs niveaux de coordination interne et externe. Ces résultats seront discutés au prisme de la durabilité de la prévention que ce travail permet.

Oat and barley bran are high in dietary fiber (β-glucans), minerals, and antioxidants, have high activity of enzymes, but possess also antinutrients. This study aimed to investigate the influence of high-intensity ultrasound on enzyme and antioxidant activities, phytic acid content, as well as functional and rheological properties of oat and barley bran. Ultrasonic treatment was performed at 24 kHz on a 15% bran water suspension, at three specific energies (87, 217.5, and 348 kJ/kg), with or without pulsation (5 sec every 10 sec). Bran was assessed for β-glucanase and phytase activity, phytic acid and total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, hydration, and rheological properties. β-glucanase from oat bran was inactivated up to 82% and from barley bran up to 55%, in dependence of ultrasound specific energy and pulsation. In both bran types, phytase activity increased by 40–44% after treatments with 87 kJ/kg but decreased by 89–94% at 348 kJ/kg. Phytic acid was reduced on average in oat bran by 17% and in barley bran by 39%. Depending on the energy and pulsation, the ultrasonication of both bran types reduced total phenolic content (27–55%), antioxidant activity (by 28–48%), complex viscosity (62–71%) and maximum stress tolerated by the sample (46–68%). In contrast, water swelling (42–48%) and water retention capacity (44–59%) increased for both bran types. Hence, high-intensity ultrasound is a useful technique in reducing antinutrients, while altering the enzyme activity and functional properties of the bran. These results could help wider application of bran in food production.

In response to the sustainability issues that agriculture faces in advanced economies, agroecology has gained increasing relevance in scientific, political, and social debates. This has promoted discussion about transitions to agroecology, which represents a significant advancement. Accordingly, it has become a growing field of research. We reviewed the literature on and in support of farm transitions to agroecology in advanced economies in order to identify key research challenges and suggest innovative research paths. Our findings can be summarized as follows: (1) Research that supports exploration and definition of desired futures, whether based on future-oriented modeling or expert-based foresight approaches, should more explicitly include the farm level. It should stimulate the creativity and design ability of farmers and other stakeholders, and also address issues of representation and power among them. (2) Research that creates awareness and assesses farms before, during or after transition requires more holistic and dynamic assessment frameworks. These frameworks need to be more flexible to adapt to the diversity of global and local challenges. Their assessment should explicitly include uncertainty due to the feedback loops and emergent properties of transitions. (3) Research that analyzes and supports farms during transition should focus more on the dynamics of change processes by valuing what happens on the farms. Research should especially give more credence to on-farm experiments conducted by farmers and develop new tools and methods (e.g., for strategic monitoring) to support these transitions. This is the first review of scientific studies of farm transitions to agroecology. Overall, the review indicates that these transitions challenge the system boundaries, temporal horizons, and sustainability dimensions that agricultural researchers usually consider. In this context, farm transitions to agroecology require changes in the current organization and funding of research in order to encourage longer term and more adaptive configurations.

Lyman Break Galaxy (LBG) candidates at z>10 are rapidly being identified in JWST/NIRCam observations. Due to the (redshifted) break produced by neutral hydrogen absorption of rest-frame UV photons, these sources are expected to drop out in the bluer filters while being well detected in redder filters. However, here we show that dust-enshrouded star-forming galaxies at lower redshifts (z10 LBGs, representing potential contaminants in LBG candidate samples. First, we analyze CEERS-DSFG-1, a NIRCam dropout undetected in the F115W and F150W filters but detected at longer wavelengths. Combining the JWST data with (sub)millimeter constraints, including deep NOEMA interferometric observations, we show that this source is a dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG) at z~5.1. We also present a tentative 2.6sigma SCUBA-2 detection at 850um around a recently identified z~16 LBG candidate in the same field and show that, if the emission is real and associated with this candidate, the available photometry is consistent with a z~5 dusty galaxy with strong nebular emission lines despite its blue near-IR colors. Further observations on this candidate are imperative to mitigate the low confidence of this tentative submillimeter emission and its positional uncertainty. Our analysis shows that robust (sub)millimeter detections of NIRCam dropout galaxies likely imply z=4-6 redshift solutions, where the observed near-IR break would be the result of a strong rest-frame optical Balmer break combined with high dust attenuation and strong nebular line emission, rather than the rest-frame UV Lyman break. This provides evidence that DSFGs may contaminate searches for ultra high-redshift LBG candidates from JWST observations., Published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters (updated to match the published version)

Purpose There is an increasing interest in the use of non-nutritive sweeteners to replace added sugar in food and beverage products for reasons of improving consumer health. Much work has been done to understand safety of sweeteners, but very little on sustainability. To address that gap, this study presents the results of a life cycle assessment (LCA) of production of rebaudioside A 60%, 95% pure (RA60) steviol glycoside mix from Stevia rebaudiana leaf grown in Europe. Methods An attributional cradle-to-factory-gate life cycle assessment was conducted on growing of stevia leaves and extraction of steviol glycosides in Europe. Primary data were used from a case study supply chain. Results are reported in impact categories from the ReCiPe 2016 (H) method, with focus given to global warming potential, freshwater eutrophication, water consumption, and land use. Impacts are expressed both in terms of production mass and sweetness equivalence, a common metric for understanding high intensity sweetener potency. Sweetness equivalence of RA60 is typically 200 to 300 times that of sugar. Comparison of environmental impact is made to sugar (sucrose) produced from both cane and beets. The research is part of the EU project SWEET (sweeteners and sweetness enhancers: impact on health, obesity, safety, and sustainability). Results and discussion Global warming potential for production of RA60 was found to be 20.25 kgCO2-eq/kgRA60 on a mass basis and 0.081 kgCO2-eq/kgSE on a sweetness equivalence basis. Field production of stevia leaves was found to be the main source of impact for most impact categories, and for all four focus categories. Extraction of the RA60 was the main source of impact for the others. Leaf processing and seedling propagation were minor contributors to life cycle impact. Removal of international transport from the supply chain reduced global warming potential by 18.8%. Compared with sugar on a sweetness equivalence basis, RA60 has approximately 5.7% to 10.2% the impact for global warming potential, 5.6% to 7.2% the impact for land use, and is lower across most other impact categories. Conclusion This is the first LCA of steviol glycoside mix RA60 produced from leaf in Europe. The results indicate that RA60 can be used to reduce environmental impact of providing a sweet taste by replacing sugar across all impact categories. However, it is important to note that specific formulations in which RA60 is used will have a bearing on the final environmental impact of any food or beverage products. For solid foods, this requires further research.

The new realisation of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame, the ITRF2020, becamepublicly available in April 2022. For each of the four contributing space-geodetic techniques, it provides station positions and linear station velocities at a given epoch,as well as post-seismic deformation parametric models for stations subject to majorearthquakes, and annual and semi-annual periodic terms for all stations. Discontinuities areintroduced to take into consideration changes related to the equipment or to the station motion.During the evaluation of the ITRF2020, discrepancies were found in the temporal position modelling between two stations of the research facility of Ny-Ålesund on Svalbard (Norway). The possible impact that these discrepancies may have on the ITRF2020 is so far not well studied. In this study, we hypothesize that such discrepancies are the result of neglecting non-linear vertical motions resulting from contemporary ice cap melting in this area. The vertical motion at sites that only experience glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) are well described by linear uplift rates. However, GNSS and GRACE time series show that several sites in polar areas that are still surrounded by ice caps experience accelerated rates of contemporary ice melting due to climate change.To be consistent with the idea of providing non-linear post-seismic deformation models at sites experiencing earthquakes, we suggest that sites experiencing non-linear motions due to contemporary ice-cap melting should also be provided with an adjusted uplift model. We assess the impact of this approach onterrestrial reference frameresults, focusing particularly on two geodetic techniques, VLBI and GNSS., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Replacing added sugar with non-nutritive sweeteners and sweetness enhancers is of increasing interest due to the negative health effects of excess sugar consumption. Much has been done to understand health and safety of such sweetening additives, but little on their sustainability. This study, part of the Horizon 2020 SWEET project, presents results from the first life cycle assessment of the sweetness enhancer thaumatin, produced from Thaumatococcus daniellii fruit, from forests in West Africa and extracted in the United Kingdom. Thaumatin is used in formulations to increase perceived sweetness of added sugar, allowing some to be removed. Environmental impact is reported for multiple impact categories from the ReCiPe 2016 (H) method, focusing on global warming potential, land use, water consumption, and freshwater eutrophication. Impacts are expressed in terms of product mass and sweetness equivalence. Global warming potential for production of thaumatin is found to be 719.2 kgCO2-eq/kg. When thaumatin replaces 20% of added sugar, environmental impact for a given sweetness is found to reduce by an average of 19.4% across all impact categories. International transport is a major contributor to global warming potential, as is aril removal from the fruit to freshwater eutrophication and water use, and fruit foraging to land use. However, land use is identified as a key area of future research to improve uncertainty in the data. Results show that thaumatin can be used to reduce the environmental impact of providing sweet taste in food and beverage products.

The main objective was to assess the performance of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for early prediction of delayed neurological impairment and cerebral contusion worsening in patients with mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI).Over a 3-year period, every adult patient triaged to our level 1 trauma center with brain contusion and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 10 or greater were retrospectively included. The main study outcome was the occurrence of delayed clinical deterioration, defined as a GCS10 and/or a secondary need for mechanical ventilation, within 5 days after TBI. The performance of NLR for prediction of delayed clinical deterioration was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Overall, 115 patients were included and 16 (14%) presented a delayed clinical deterioration. Overall, the NLR at ED admission was higher in patients who developed a delayed clinical deterioration (18 [12-29] vs 8 [5-13], p = 0.0003). The area under the ROC curves for NLR at ED admission in predicting delayed clinical deterioration was 0.79 [0.65-0.93] and NLR15 was found to be independently associated with the occurrence of delayed clinical deterioration (adjusted OR = 10.1 [95%CI: 2.3-45.6]).The NLR at ED admission was independently associated with the occurrence of delayed clinical deterioration, although limited by a poor discriminative value by itself. Further studies are needed to test the predictive value of composite scoring systems including NLR for prevention of under-triage of patients with mild-to-moderate TBI.

Jazz, the illustrated book by Henri Matisse, is a testament to the vitality of the artist in the last decade of his career. The book consists of twenty illustrations reproduced in 370 copies using a stencil-based printing technique and the same Linel gouaches the artist had used for the original maquettes. This study reports on the comprehensive analysis carried out to identify the pigments in the gouaches used in Jazz by transmitted and reflectance infrared, Raman, SERS, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopies, and describes the lightfastness of these gouaches as evaluated by microfaedometry. This study also highlights the necessity of a multi-analytical approach for comprehensive identification of artist materials and investigates the suitability of portable and non-invasive techniques. The results were consistent across the three copies investigated: a portfolio in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York and two books in the collection of the Musée National d’Art Moderne in Paris. In total, 39 distinct colors were characterized, with the magenta, pinks, and blues being the most fugitive.

International audience; After two years of parliamentary debates, France adopted a new law on prostitution in 2016. A number of sex workers’ rights groups, community-based health organizations, and health NGOs, opposed to the criminalization of clients, organized their advocacy, and decided to document the impact of the law from the perspective of the sex workers themselves. As social researchers, we were involved in the collaborative evaluation project. The main objective of the study was to assess the impact on sex workers’ living and working conditions, but the interviewees also often expressed their opinions on the law and on prostitution. Based on ethnographic data, this chapter highlights how sex workers reacted to the ways the 2016 Act defines violence and assigned them the status of victims, and how this Act can be seen as a source of violence toward sex workers.

Le racisme dit anti-Asiatiques est devenu un problème public reconnu par les médias et par les institutions politiques et judiciaires depuis quelques années. Cet article documente une des formes de mobilisations pour mettre ce problème à l’agenda public : le recours à la justice. Il propose une analyse des avantages et des limites de ce type d’action collective qui se multiplie depuis 2015 pour lutter contre le racisme anti-Asiatiques. Les mobilisations judiciaires s’avèrent être un outil à double tranchant. D’une part, elles contribuent à une reconnaissance judiciaire et institutionnelle des violences, à la mise en réseau des acteurs et permet de faire reculer les tensions inter-minoritaires. D’autre part, l’arène judiciaire peine à prendre en compte l’épaisseur sociologique et historique qui sous-tend les constructions racialisantes et le rapport de domination dans les tensions inter-minoritaires.

We report the discovery of a candidate galaxy with a photo-z of z~12 in the first epoch of the JWST Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) Survey. Following conservative selection criteria we identify a source with a robust z_phot = 11.8^+0.3_-0.2 (1-sigma uncertainty) with m_F200W=27.3, and >7-sigma detections in five filters. The source is not detected at lambda < 1.4um in deep imaging from both HST and JWST, and has faint ~3-sigma detections in JWST F150W and HST F160W, which signal a Ly-alpha break near the red edge of both filters, implying z~12. This object (Maisie's Galaxy) exhibits F115W-F200W > 1.9 mag (2-sigma lower limit) with a blue continuum slope, resulting in 99.6% of the photo-z PDF favoring z > 11. All data quality images show no artifacts at the candidate's position, and independent analyses consistently find a strong preference for z > 11. Its colors are inconsistent with Galactic stars, and it is resolved (r_h = 340 +/- 14 pc). Maisie's Galaxy has log M*/Msol ~ 8.5 and is highly star-forming (log sSFR ~ -8.2 yr^-1), with a blue rest-UV color (beta ~ -2.5) indicating little dust though not extremely low metallicity. While the presence of this source is in tension with most predictions, it agrees with empirical extrapolations assuming UV luminosity functions which smoothly decline with increasing redshift. Should followup spectroscopy validate this redshift, our Universe was already aglow with galaxies less than 400 Myr after the Big Bang., 17 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, ApJL in press. Summary of changes from original submission: Improvements in astrometry generated a weak detection in F150W that reduces the photo-z to 11.8 but does not increase the likelihood of lower-z solutions. A full discussion of changes from the original version is available at: https://web.corral.tacc.utexas.edu/ceersdata/papers/Maisie_update.pdf

Spesso nel dibattito pubblico italiano prostituzione e lavoro sessuale vengono affrontati in modo riduttivo, conflittuale o sensazionalistico, attraverso il ricorso a stereotipi o proclami ideologici, sia nel dibattito politico che in quello mediatico, talvolta anche nei movimenti sociali, femminismi compresi. La questione mette in gioco molteplici dimensioni che interrogano i corpi, le identità, il potere, così come le leggi, i diritti e le condizioni materiali di vita delle persone, che hanno bisogno di letture complesse e rigorose, di analisi che siano in grado di rendere visibili nello spazio pubblico la diversità delle esperienze e delle identità di chi vive di lavoro sessuale, le connessioni tra mercati del sesso e migrazioni, l’impatto delle politiche pubbliche, ecc. Con il loro taglio interdisciplinare, e attraverso un linguaggio scientificamente fondato ma al contempo accessibile, i diversi capitoli di questo volume sono una bussola per capire i rischi e le potenzialità delle politiche, degli interventi sociali e dei dibattiti esistenti in Italia, ma anche quelli prodotti in contesti internazionali. Mettendo al centro i diritti delle persone, a favore della regolamentazione e contro il proibizionismo.

International audience; Nel 2016 la Francia ha adottato una nuova legge sulla prostituzione che penalizza i clienti. Un gruppo composto da attivisti/e che lottano per i diritti delle lavoratrici del sesso, organizzazioni sanitarie e Ong ha deciso di documentare l’impatto della legge. Anche noi, tra aprile 2016 e aprile 2018, siamo stati coinvolti come ricercatori in questo progetto collaborativo di valutazione della legge. L’obiettivo principale dello studio era di valutare l’impatto della legge sulle condizioni lavorative e di vita delle lavoratrici del sesso in Francia. Questo capitolo documenta l’esperienza di condurre una ricerca collaborativa con le persone direttamente interessate. Inoltre, sulla base dei dati che emergono dalle interviste, il capitolo evidenzia le critiche alla legge riguardo alla definizione di “violenza” e al contempo mette in luce come la legge stessa possa essere considerata una fonte di violenza nei confronti delle lavoratrici del sesso che vivono e lavorano in Francia.

Introduzione Nel 2016 la Francia ha adottato una nuova legge sulla prostituzione che penalizza i clienti. Un gruppo composto da attivisti/e che lottano per i diritti delle lavoratrici del sesso, organizzazioni sanitarie e Ong ha deciso di documentare l’impatto della legge. Anche noi, tra aprile 2016 e aprile 2018, siamo stati coinvolti come ricercatori in questo progetto collaborativo di valutazione della legge. L’obiettivo principale dello studio era di valutare l’impatto della legge sulle c...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an inflammation-associated cancer arising from viral and non-viral etiologies. Immune checkpoint blockade primarily benefits patients with viral HCC. Expansion of suppressive myeloid cells is a hallmark of chronic inflammation and cancer, but their heterogeneity in HCC is not fully resolved and might underlie immunotherapy resistance in the steatohepatitis setting. Here, we present a high resolution atlas of hepatic innate immune cells from patients with HCC that unravels a steatohepatitis contexture characterized by the emergence of high entropy myeloid cell states and myeloid-biased NK cell differentiation. We identify a discrete population of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, predominant in the steatohepatitis setting, that expresses a variety of myeloid lineage-affiliated genes, including granulocyte, macrophage and dendritic cell features, and can be identified in HCC tumors based on selective dual expression ofTREM1andCD163. Functional characterization reveals that TREM1+CD163+myeloid cells highly express TGFβ and IL-13RA, localize to HCC fibrotic lesions, and potently suppress T cell effector functionsex vivo, a function further potentiated by TREM1 engagement. We refer to this population as TREM1+CD163+regulatory myeloid cells (TREM1+CD163+Mreg). Deconvolution analyses in large cohorts of patients with HCC and other solid tumors reveals that the density of TREM1+CD163+Mregincreases in advanced stages, associates with poor prognosis, and therapeutic resistance to PD-1 blockade. Our data support myeloid subset-targeted immunotherapies to treat HCC and identify TREM1 as a therapeutic target.HIGHLIGHTSAtlas of hepatic innate immune cells (100,000 transcriptomes) from patients with HCCCore signatures to identify, discriminate and localize innate lymphoid and myeloid cellsA population of TREM1+CD163+myeloid cells, referred to as TREM1+CD163+Mreg, expands in steatohepatitis HCCTREM1+CD163+Mregexpress granulocyte- and macrophage/dendritic cell-lineage genesTREM1+CD163+Mregpotently suppress T cell effector functions, which is potentiated by TREM1 engagement by cognate ligandsTREM1+CD163+Mregproduce high levels of TGFβ and populate fibrotic lesionsThe density of TREM1+CD163+Mregincreases in advanced HCC and associate with poor patient survivalThe density of TREM1+CD163+Mregassociates with resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in other solid tumors

We present ALMA Band 7 observations of a remarkably bright galaxy candidate at $z_{\rm phot}$=$16.7^{+1.9}_{-0.3}$ ($M_{\rm UV}$=$-21.6$), S5-z17-1, identified in JWST Early Release Observation data of Stephen's Quintet. We do not detect the dust continuum at 866 $\mu$m, ruling out the possibility that S5-z17-1 is a low-$z$ dusty starburst with a star-formation rate (SFR) of $\gtrsim 30\,M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$. We detect a 5.1$\sigma$ line feature at $338.726\pm0.007$ GHz exactly coinciding with the JWST source position, with a 2% likelihood of the signal being spurious. The most likely line identification would be [OIII]52$\mu$m at $z=16.01$ or [CII]158$\mu$m at $z=4.61$, whose line luminosities do not violate the non-detection of the dust continuum in both cases. Together with three other $z\gtrsim$ 11-13 candidate galaxies recently observed with ALMA, we conduct a joint ALMA and JWST spectral energy distribution (SED) analysis and find that the high-$z$ solution at $z\sim$11-17 is favored in every candidate as a very blue (UV continuum slope of $\approx-2.3$) and luminous ($M_{\rm UV}$ $\approx$ [$-$24:$-$21]) system. Still, we find in some candidates that reasonable SED fits ($\Delta$ $\chi^{2}\lesssim4$) are reproduced by type-II quasar and/or quiescent galaxy templates with strong emission lines at $z\sim3$-5, where such populations predicted from their luminosity functions and EW([OIII]+H$\beta$) distributions are abundant in survey volumes used for the $z\sim$11-17 candidates. While these recent ALMA observation results have strengthened the likelihood of the high-$z$ solutions, lower-$z$ possibilities are not completely ruled out in some of the $z\sim$11-17 candidates., Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures, 7 tables, submitted to ApJ. A typo in Table4 is corrected

This study investigated the impacts of the complete substitution of sucrose by maltitol and/or sorbitol on the dough-crumb transition in biscuits. To this end, the phenomena of starch gelatinization/melting were studied at different moisture contents, both in the biscuit dough and model systems, by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Observation of doughs in ESEM revealed sorbitol had a structure very different from sucrose and maltitol crystals. After forming the dough pieces, it could be seen that at least some sugar and maltitol crystals were still present while sorbitol flakes were solubilized. At a limiting real water content (~20% dry basis), adding sweeteners to the mixture increased the gelatinization temperature, more markedly for sucrose and maltitol, as well as increasing the enthalpy. These results were confirmed by the model systems analyses. The calorimetric study with mixing batch cells revealed that sorbitol dissolved completely while maltitol and sucrose competed with the flour constituents to capture water. The proportion of water available for the sorption of the starch grain and its gelatinization was therefore different according to the affinity of the sweetener for water, and might influence the degree and temperature of starch gelatinization/melting.