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The theme dealt with in the contribution concerns a new way of working and specifically that exercised by influencers. After defining the content of the service, the relationships that the influencer has with both brands and digital platforms are examined. In the absence of a specific discipline, many critical issues of classification and protection emerge. In conclusion, some aspect issues are examined such as the extension of minimum protections also with reference to social security profiles.

Il contributo esamina le forme di lavoro flessibile e il primo accordo aziendale siglato tra Just Eat Italia e i sindacati. L’Accordo prevede, infatti, che coloro che si occupano del servizio di trasporto di persone o beni in modo non continuativo debbano essere qualificati come lavoratori subordinati. Il lavoratore può essere assunto con contratto di lavoro a tempo indeterminato o determinato e anche con contratto di lavoro intermittente sia a tempo indeterminato che a tempo determinato. Si esaminano, dunque, le diverse possibilità di ricorrere alle forme atipiche di lavoro e le conseguenze per i rider, in un difficile bilanciamento tra protezione e flessibilità., Labour & Law Issues, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021)

An increasing interest for the operative and remedial aspects of justice administration has overwhelmed the labile distinction between substantive and procedural law. Furthermore, arbitration has always been spurring a fertile discussion among scholars from different fields of law, with different cultural backgrounds. For a long time, the Ancona Team of Lawyers considers arbitration law as an essential area in interest, also in light of the positive effects that the spread of arbitration would have on society, growth and competitiveness of Italian companies. Arbitration proceedings, in fact, represent a very important dispute resolution method, since it is different, but at the same time, complementary to State jurisdiction and other ADR tools.

La comparación del régimen jurídico del contrato de trabajo de duración determinada en algunos países europeos muestra sobre todo una regulación en absoluto uniforme, a pesar de que las distintas reformas nacionales traen su causa en la misma directiva de la Unión Europea. Por tanto, se podrían cuestionar las decisiones legislativas de algunos Estados motivadas por las exigencias de flexibilización y modernización del trabajo con la finalidad de combatir el desempleo, tanto a la vista de una injustificada diversidad regulativa como por los escasos resultados obtenidos de aumento del empleo en aquellos Estados que han disminuido las garantías del trabajador.

The history of arbitration is that of the duel between the central power of the State and the dispersed power of individuals. On the one hand, the State claiming a monopoly over justice and on the other, private individuals deciding to resolve their disputes as they wish. Indeed, Arbitration is a private judicial process characterized by a flexibility of forms, the determination of which is left to the autonomy of individuals. The only limitation placed by the State is the observance of the conditions required to attach juridical relevance to the arbitration agreements and to the arbitral awards. When defining the conditions required for the recognition of the arbitration agreements and arbitral awards, the legislator can extend or restrict the space of autonomy granted to individuals (parties or arbitrators) for the purpose of regulating the proceedings. This can for example be due to the ends pursued by the parties and/or concern certain categories of disputes, such as those disputes concerning employment matters and labour law, whereby the State grants a lesser degree of autonomy to the negotiating parties. As such, besides “ordinary arbitrations”, it seems legitimate to separately address those “special arbitrations” derogating to the common arbitration discipline and always introduced to grant a greater or lesser autonomy to the negotiating parties. Importantly, both ordinary and special arbitrations can be traced back to the same common procedural scheme, notably based on the Party Autonomy, and characterized by a contradictory and by the impartiality of the judge and its being a “third-party.” In this respect, the “arbitrato irrituale” – literally “non-ritualistic arbitration”, as opposed to the ordinary (ritualistic) model, can also be considered as “special”. This notwithstanding, in the Italian academic tradition, the category of “special arbitrations” is almost exclusively reserved to employment arbitrations, arbitrations relating to public contracts, banking and financial arbitrations, sports arbitrations and forensic arbitrations, all of which are specifically addressed in this study. In all of the aforementioned arbitrations, the derogations to the common discipline never relate to the quality of the cognition and of the contradictory, but only – as illustrated in this introductory essay – to the conditions required for the conduct of the arbitration itself, the appointment of arbitrators, their powers, the procedure, the costs, the enforcement of the award and its appeal.