126 results on '"Laura M. Koehly"'
Search Results
2. Parent-Reported Caregiving Roles of Siblings of Children with Inborn Errors of Metabolism
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Madeleine A. Granovetter, Sydney Sumrall, Dawn Lea, Shani Gelles, and Laura M. Koehly
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Developmental and Educational Psychology - Published
- 2023
3. Cultural diversity is crucial for African neuroethics
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Olivia P. Matshabane, Lihle Mgweba-Bewana, Caesar A. Atuire, Jantina de Vries, and Laura M. Koehly
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Behavioral Neuroscience ,Social Psychology ,Neurosciences ,Humans ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Cultural Diversity ,Article - Abstract
Mental health, neuroscience and neuroethics researchers must engage local African communities to enable discourses on cultural understandings of mental illness. To ensure that these engagements are both ethical and innovative, they must be facilitated with cultural competence and humility, because serious consideration of different contextual and local factors is critical.
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- 2023
4. Stress, coping, and physical health in caregiving
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Melissa Zajdel, Tracy Swan, Taylor Robinson, Krystyna R. Keller, Lindsey Mountcastle, and Laura M. Koehly
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Psychology (miscellaneous) ,Applied Psychology - Published
- 2023
5. Understanding changes in genetic literacy over time and in genetic research participants
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India D. Little, Laura M. Koehly, and Chris Gunter
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Genetic Research ,Literacy ,Genetics ,Humans ,Genomics ,Precision Medicine ,Genetics (clinical) ,Article - Abstract
As genomic and personalized medicine becomes mainstream, assessing and understanding the public’s genetic literacy is paramount. Because genetic research drives innovation in this area and involves much of the public, it is equally important to assess its impact on genetic literacy. We designed a survey to assess genetic literacy in three ways (familiarity, knowledge, and skills) and distributed it to two distinct samples: 2050 members of the general population, and 2023 individuals currently enrolled in a large-scale genetic research study. We compared these data to a similar survey implemented in 2013. The results indicate that familiarity with basic genetic terms in 2021 (M = 5.36, p
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- 2022
6. Interpersonal Correlates of Dementia Caregivers’ Emotional Support Networks: Considering Family History
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Christopher Steven Marcum, Sato Ashida, Jasmine A. Manalel, Jeffrey Rewley, Jennifer L Cleary, and Laura M. Koehly
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Health (social science) ,Emotional support ,Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Disease ,Interpersonal communication ,medicine.disease ,Social Networking ,Developmental psychology ,Social support ,Friendship ,Caregivers ,Alzheimer Disease ,Kinship ,medicine ,Humans ,Dementia ,Family ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Family history ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Caregiving networks of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) are comprised of family and friends directly involved in caregiving activities and those supporting these activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether caregiving-related behaviors and interactions (i.e., uplift, malfeasance, and nonfeasance), kinship tie (i.e., friend, family), and family history of ADRD were associated with caregivers’ emotional support networks. Seventy-one caregivers across 30 families provided information about 776 network members. Perceived emotional support and interactions representing uplift, malfeasance, and nonfeasance were assessed. Results indicated that uplift and friendship were associated with increased, whereas nonfeasance was associated with decreased, likelihood of perceived emotional support. Caregivers with a family history of ADRD were particularly more likely to report emotional support from friends and uplifting network members. Findings suggest the need for differential strategies based on families’ prior caregiving experience to facilitate positive and minimize negative interactions within caregiving networks.
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- 2021
7. Addressing diversity and inclusion challenges in global neuro-psychiatric and behavioral genomics research
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Olivia P. Matshabane, Calandra G. Whitted, and Laura M. Koehly
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Genetics ,Molecular Medicine ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
Advancements in neuro-psychiatric and behavioral genomics offer significant opportunities for better understanding the human brain, behavior and associated disorders. Such advancements may help us prevent, manage and/or cure complex conditions. The serious challenge confronted by these disciplines however is diversity. Both fields lack diversity in terms of genomic reference datasets needed for discovery research, engagement of diverse communities in translational research and in terms of diverse and multidisciplinary scientific teams. This is a challenge because diversity is needed on all levels in order to increase representation and inclusion of all populations across the globe as we move research activities forward. The lack of diversity can translate to an inability to use scientific innovations from these fields for the benefit of all people everywhere and signifies a missed opportunity to address pervasive global health inequities. In this commentary we identify three persistent barriers to reaching diversity targets while focusing on discovery and translational science. Additionally, we propose four suggestions on how to advance efforts and rapidly move towards achieving diversity and inclusion in neuro-psychiatric and behavioral genomics. Without systematically addressing the diversity gap within these fields, the benefits of the science may not be relevant and accessible to all people.
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- 2022
8. Links of we-talk to caregiver social network systems and health
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Melissa Zajdel, Hannah Davidson, Dawn Lea, and Laura M. Koehly
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Caregivers ,Adaptation, Psychological ,Humans ,Family ,Child ,General Psychology ,Stress, Psychological ,Social Networking - Abstract
Caring for a child, particularly one with a rare disease, presents a challenging set of stressors that can impact entire family networks. Given this shared impact, caregivers can engage in communal coping to address the caregiving process, defined as the perception of caregiving as shared and collaborative behaviors to address it. In this study, we examined one common measure of communal coping-first person plural pronouns or "we-talk"-in caregivers of either (a) children with rare or undiagnosed diseases or (b) typically developing children. We sought to examine how we-talk is linked to (a) caregiver health and well-being and (b) social network involvement in caregiving. Caregivers (
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- 2022
9. Interconnected social convoys: Understanding health and well-being through linked personal networks
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Laura M. Koehly and Jasmine A. Manalel
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Life-span and Life-course Studies - Published
- 2023
10. A daily diary study into the effects on mental health of COVID-19 pandemic-related behaviors
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Paul Kundzicz, Brenda Curtis, Lyle H. Ungar, Gauri Shastri, Sam Blizzard, Laura M. Koehly, and Philip Shaw
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Gerontology ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,social isolation ,Social distance ,media_common.quotation_subject ,COVID-19 pandemic ,Mental health ,Media consumption ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Panel analysis ,cross-lagged effects ,Pandemic ,Survey data collection ,Original Article ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Worry ,Psychology ,mental health ,media consumption ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Applied Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Background Recommendations for promoting mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic include maintaining social contact, through virtual rather than physical contact, moderating substance/alcohol use, and limiting news and media exposure. We seek to understand if these pandemic-related behaviors impact subsequent mental health. Methods Daily online survey data were collected on adults during May/June 2020. Measures were of daily physical and virtual (online) contact with others; substance and media use; and indices of psychological striving, struggling and COVID-related worry. Using random-intercept cross-lagged panel analysis, dynamic within-person cross-lagged effects were separated from more static individual differences. Results In total, 1148 participants completed daily surveys [657 (57.2%) females, 484 (42.1%) males; mean age 40.6 (s.d. 12.4) years]. Daily increases in news consumed increased COVID-related worrying the next day [cross-lagged estimate = 0.034 (95% CI 0.018–0.049), FDR-adjusted p = 0.00005] and vice versa [0.03 (0.012–0.048), FDR-adjusted p = 0.0017]. Increased media consumption also exacerbated subsequent psychological struggling [0.064 (0.03–0.098), FDR-adjusted p = 0.0005]. There were no significant cross-lagged effects of daily changes in social distancing or virtual contact on later mental health. Conclusions We delineate a cycle wherein a daily increase in media consumption results in a subsequent increase in COVID-related worries, which in turn increases daily media consumption. Moreover, the adverse impact of news extended to broader measures of psychological struggling. A similar dynamic did not unfold between the daily amount of physical or virtual contact and subsequent mental health. Findings are consistent with current recommendations to moderate news and media consumption in order to promote mental health.
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- 2021
11. The impact of caregiving for children with chronic conditions on the HPA axis: A scoping review
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Lindsey Mountcastle, Melissa Zajdel, Taylor Robinson, Krystyna R. Keller, Shani Gelles, Alicia A. Livinski, Bijal Kikani, Dawn E. Lea, and Laura M. Koehly
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Endocrine and Autonomic Systems - Published
- 2023
12. Formative Evaluation of the Families SHARE Disease Risk Tool among Low-Income African Americans
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Calandra Whitted, Kayla de la Haye, and Laura M. Koehly
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Surgeon general ,Gerontology ,education.field_of_study ,Health Behavior ,Population ,Behavior change ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Qualitative property ,Disease ,Focus group ,Article ,Black or African American ,Formative assessment ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Intervention (counseling) ,Chronic Disease ,Humans ,Medical History Taking ,Psychology ,education ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
Introduction: Family Health Histories (FHH) have been endorsed by the surgeon general as a powerful yet underutilized tool for identifying individuals at risk for complex chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. FHH tools provide a mechanism for increasing communication about disease history and motivating behavior change to reduce disease risk. A critical gap in translation efforts includes a lack of research that adapts and evaluates tools for low-income, minority populations who experience disparities in chronic disease. Methods: This study is a formative mixed-methods evaluation of an evidence-based FHH intervention called “Families SHARE” among African Americans residing in low-income neighborhoods. Participants (N = 51) completed assessments before and 6 weeks after receiving the intervention, including surveys and focus groups. We evaluated (a) their use, understanding, and perceived value of the tool; (b) if the intervention led to increased intentions to adopt disease risk-reducing behaviors among those with heightened disease risk, given their FHH; and (c) acceptability of and recommendations for the tool. Results: The quantitative and qualitative data indicated that this population valued and used the tool, and it prompted communication about FHH with family, friends, and others. Receipt of the intervention resulted in mixed accuracy of their perceived disease risk, and it did not shift intentions to change health behaviors. Qualitative data provide insights for future iterations of the Families SHARE tool. Conclusion: Families SHARE is an engaging FHH tool that can be further tailored to optimize its value and benefits for low-income African Americans.
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- 2021
13. Uptake and predictors of colonoscopy use in family members not participating in cascade genetic testing for Lynch syndrome
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Sato Ashida, Dina Eliezer, Donald W. Hadley, Yonit A. Addissie, Laura M. Koehly, and Andrea F. Goergen
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Adult ,Male ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Heterozygote ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Genetic testing ,Colorectal cancer ,Cross-sectional study ,Science ,MEDLINE ,Colonoscopy ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Family ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Cancer genetics ,Preventive medicine ,Multidisciplinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis ,United States ,Lynch syndrome ,Colon cancer ,Risk perception ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Family medicine ,Colonic Neoplasms ,Mutation ,Medicine ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,business - Abstract
Cascade genetic testing provides a method to appropriately focus colonoscopy use in families with Lynch syndrome (LS). However, research suggests that up to two-thirds at risk to inherit LS don’t participate. Within the United States, no studies have assessed colonoscopy use within this elusive and high-risk subset. We set forth to (1) document colonoscopy use within those not undergoing genetic testing (NGT) and (2) identify factors associated with completing colonoscopy. Data came from a cross sectional survey of families with molecularly confirmed LS. One hundred seventy-six (176) adults participated; 47 of unknown variant status and 129 with variant status known (59 carriers/70 non-carriers). Despite a high level of awareness of LS (85%) and identical recommendations for colonoscopy, NGT reported significantly lower use of colonoscopy than carriers (47% vs. 73%; p = 0.003). Our results show that perceived risk to develop colon cancer (AOR = 1.99, p p Trial Registration Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT00004210.
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- 2020
14. Motivating Mexican American adults to share family history with healthcare providers
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Anna V. Wilkinson, Jeriel F. Ake, Jielu Lin, and Laura M. Koehly
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Short Communication ,Family history ,Psychological intervention ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Medical information ,Mexican americans ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Promotion (rank) ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,media_common ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Mexican American ,Family communication ,Family medicine ,Medicine ,Health education ,Psychology ,Risk assessment ,Healthcare providers - Abstract
Family history of metabolic conditions is a primary factor for clinicians to consider when administering preventive care. Sharing this information with healthcare providers proactively is therefore important to individual health outcomes. This brief report seeks to identify factors associated with sharing family history with healthcare providers in individuals of Mexican heritage. Data were obtained from a health education intervention study conducted during 2008–2010, which recruited 497 adult participants from 162 multigenerational households in Houston, Texas to receive family history-based risk feedback generated by Family Healthware™. Households were randomized to receive a pedigree of metabolic conditions or a pedigree coupled with supplementary information about one’s personalized risk assessment and behavioral recommendations. Participants completed two follow-up surveys at three and ten months post intervention, respectively. Analysis based on 296 participants from 147 households who read but did not share their feedback at three-month follow-up suggests benefits of providing personalized risk assessment and tailored behavioral recommendations in addition to a simple pedigree. Participants receiving supplementary risk feedback are more likely to share it with family members at three-month follow-up, which is associated with increased sharing and willingness to share risk feedback with healthcare providers at ten-month follow-up. The findings highlight the importance of family relationships in medical information disclosure in Mexican American adults. Future interventions should capitalize on family relationships in health education and promotion programs for optimal prevention of metabolic conditions in at-risk populations.
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- 2021
15. Social support networks of adults with sickle cell disease
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Laura M. Koehly, Vence L. Bonham, Lena Eskin, and Stacy Desine
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Gerontology ,Parents ,education.field_of_study ,Social network ,Adolescent ,business.industry ,Genetic counseling ,Population ,Pain ,Social Support ,Disease ,Anemia, Sickle Cell ,Social support ,Interpersonal ties ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Disease management (health) ,business ,Psychology ,education ,Child ,Psychosocial ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) can cause both physical and psychological complications, such as severe pain and depression. These effects often necessitate social and caregiving support. Few studies have assessed support networks within the adult SCD population. Here, we describe the support networks of adults with SCD and identify who in these networks (1) provides emotional support, (2) is dependable during crisis situations, including social and financial adversities, and (3) provides assistance in health crises. Forty-nine adults with SCD completed surveys and social network assessments through interview. Generalized mixed-effects linear regression models were fitted to investigate the composition of support provision within these personal networks. Our findings indicate that parents and 'other important people' (e.g., friends, spouses) play key roles in the support provided to those with SCD. Siblings with SCD appeared to be more emotionally supportive than unaffected siblings. With much research centered around the pediatric and adolescent SCD populations, focus needs to extend to adults and the individuals involved in their care and disease management. Understanding the flow of support within these networks can help genetic counselors and healthcare providers to better identify both social ties that serve as support resources and less supportive relationships for individuals living with SCD and other chronic genetic conditions that might be targeted for intervention.
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- 2021
16. EXPONENTIAL-FAMILY RANDOM GRAPH MODELS FOR MULTI-LAYER NETWORKS
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Christopher Steven Marcum, Laura M. Koehly, and Pavel N. Krivitsky
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Theoretical computer science ,Relation (database) ,Psychometrics ,Computer science ,Type (model theory) ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Set (abstract data type) ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology ,010104 statistics & probability ,Exponential family ,0504 sociology ,0101 mathematics ,Layer (object-oriented design) ,General Psychology ,Language ,Random graph ,Models, Statistical ,Degree (graph theory) ,Applied Mathematics ,05 social sciences ,050401 social sciences methods ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology ,Distribution (mathematics) ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Quantitative, Qualitative, Comparative, and Historical Methodologies ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Mathematical Sociology ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences - Abstract
Multi-layer networks arise when more than one type of relation is observed on a common set of actors. Modeling such networks within the exponential-family random graph (ERG) framework has been previously limited to special cases and, in particular, to dependence arising from just two layers. Extensions to ERGMs are introduced to address these limitations: Conway--Maxwell-Binomial distribution to model the marginal dependence among multiple layers; a "layer logic" language to translate familiar ERGM effects to substantively meaningful interactions of observed layers; and non-degenerate triadic and degree effects. The developments are demonstrated on two previously published data sets.
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- 2020
17. A passive monitoring tool using hospital administrative data enables earlier specific detection of healthcare-acquired infections
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Felix Reed-Tsochas, Laura M. Koehly, Christopher Steven Marcum, and Jeffrey Rewley
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Microbiology (medical) ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Specific detection ,Secondary infection ,Negative control ,030501 epidemiology ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Article ,contact tracing ,03 medical and health sciences ,Big data ,Health care ,electronic medical records ,Medicine ,Electronic Health Records ,Humans ,Aged ,Monitoring, Physiologic ,Aged, 80 and over ,0303 health sciences ,Cross Infection ,Inpatients ,Bacteria ,030306 microbiology ,business.industry ,Passive monitoring ,proximity ,General Medicine ,Bacterial Infections ,Middle Aged ,Hospitals ,Infectious Diseases ,Infected patient ,Emergency medicine ,Electronic data ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,business ,co-presence ,Contact tracing ,Software - Abstract
Background: Healthcare-associated infections impose a signi cant burden on the health care system. Current methods for detecting these infections are constrained by combinations of high cost, long processing times, and imperfect accuracy, reducing their effectiveness. Methods: We examine whether the quantity of time a patient spends in a ward with other patients clinically-suspected of infection, which we call co-presence, can be used as a tool to predict subsequent healthcare-associated infection. Compared to contact tracing, this leverages passively-collected electronic data rather than manually-collected data, allowing for improved monitoring. We abstracted all 133,304 inpatient records between 2011 and 2015 from a healthcare system in the UK. We calculate the AUROC for each of ve pathogens based on co-presence time, the sensitivity and speci city for the test, and how much earlier co-presence would have predicted infection for the true positives. Findings: Across the ve pathogens, AUROC ranged from 0.92 to 0.99, and was 0.52 for the negative control. Optimal cut-points of co-presence ranged from 25 to 59 hours, and would have led to detection of true positives up to an average of one day earlier. Interpretation: These findings show that co-presence time would help predict healthcare-acquired infection, and would do so earlier than the current standard of care. Using this measure prospectively in hospitals based on real-time data could limit the consequences of infection, both by being able to treat individual infected patients earlier, and by preventing potential secondary infections stemming from the original infected patient. Funding: This research was funded via NHGRI, NIH (ZIA HG200335) and the Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford (LC1213-006).
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- 2020
18. Dietary Management of Propionic Acidemia: Parent Caregiver Perspectives and Practices
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Dawn Lea, Oleg A Shchelochkov, Laura M. Koehly, and Jennifer Cleary
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Adult ,Male ,Parents ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Propionic Acidemia ,Adolescent ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Article ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intervention (counseling) ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Propionic acidemia ,Situational ethics ,Child ,0303 health sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Metabolic disorder ,Dietary management ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Diet ,Caregivers ,Inborn error of metabolism ,Child, Preschool ,Patient Compliance ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,business ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Propionic acidemia (PA), an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder, has an estimated incidence of 1:105,000–130,000 in the United States(1,2). Nutritional management is a main intervention for PA. Research in inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) such as phenylketonuria (PKU) has identified association of parental perceptions and practices with dietary outcomes. Parental perceptions and practices in the nutritional management of PA have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: To assess the dietary perceptions and practices of parental caregivers having children affected by PA. METHODS: PA parents were surveyed about perceptions and practices associated with feeding their affected child(ren). The single page survey was anonymous and responses to survey items were not identifiable. Parents provided information on how often they followed the prescribed diet and rationale for any adjustments. RESULTS: Parents “always” or “most of the time” followed the prescribed diet for children 4–20 years of age; yet, open-ended responses indicated 71.4% made situational adjustments to their child’s diet for a variety of reasons including illness, iatrogenic effects, and, social events. CONCLUSIONS: PA parents make situational adjustments to their child’s highly specialized diet. Uncertainty exists as to the situational adjustments being within the guidelines used by the metabolic health care team. We rely on parents to inform providers about dietary situational adjustments.
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- 2018
19. Collective entity resolution in multi-relational familial networks
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Laura M. Koehly, Lise Getoor, Pigi Kouki, Christopher Steven Marcum, and Jay Pujara
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Matching (statistics) ,Transitive relation ,Theoretical computer science ,Computer science ,Probabilistic logic ,Family tree ,02 engineering and technology ,computer.software_genre ,Human-Computer Interaction ,Support vector machine ,Artificial Intelligence ,Hardware and Architecture ,020204 information systems ,Scalability ,Similarity (psychology) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,computer ,Software ,Information Systems ,Data integration - Abstract
Entity resolution in settings with rich relational structure often introduces complex dependencies between co-references. Exploiting these dependencies is challenging—it requires seamlessly combining statistical, relational, and logical dependencies. One task of particular interest is entity resolution in familial networks. In this setting, multiple partial representations of a family tree are provided, from the perspective of different family members, and the challenge is to reconstruct a family tree from these multiple, noisy, partial views. This reconstruction is crucial for applications such as understanding genetic inheritance, tracking disease contagion, and performing census surveys. Here, we design a model that incorporates statistical signals (such as name similarity), relational information (such as sibling overlap), logical constraints (such as transitivity and bijective matching), and predictions from other algorithms (such as logistic regression and support vector machines), in a collective model. We show how to integrate these features using probabilistic soft logic, a scalable probabilistic programming framework. In experiments on real-world data, our model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art classifiers that use relational features but are incapable of collective reasoning.
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- 2018
20. Using hospital administrative data to infer patient-patient contact via the consistent co-presence algorithm
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Christopher Steven Marcum, Laura M. Koehly, Jeffrey Lienert, and Felix Reed-Tsochas
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030505 public health ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Perspective (graphical) ,Patient contact ,Differential (mechanical device) ,Health outcomes ,Affect (psychology) ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Variety (cybernetics) ,Term (time) ,010104 statistics & probability ,03 medical and health sciences ,Health care ,0101 mathematics ,Co presence ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Algorithm - Abstract
In health care settings, patients who are physically proximate to other patients (co-presence) for a meaningful amount of time may have differential health outcomes depending on who they are in contact with. How to best measure this co-presence, however is an open question and previous approaches have limitations that may make them inappropriate for complex health care settings. Here, we introduce a novel method which we term “consistent co-presence”, that implicitly models the many complexities of patient scheduling and movement through a hospital by randomly perturbing the timing of patients’ entry time into the health care system. This algorithm generates networks that can be employed in models of patient outcomes, such as 1-year mortality, and are preferred over previously established alternative algorithms from a model comparison perspective. These results indicate that consistent co-presence retains meaningful information about patient-patient interaction, which may affect outcomes relevant to health care practice. Furthermore, the generalizabiity of this approach allows it to be applied to a wide variety of complex systems.
- Published
- 2019
21. Racial differences in family health history knowledge of type 2 diabetes: exploring the role of interpersonal mechanisms
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Laura M. Koehly, Jielu Lin, Melanie F. Myers, and Christopher Steven Marcum
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Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Closeness ,Interpersonal communication ,030105 genetics & heredity ,White People ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Race (biology) ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Ethnicity ,Kinship ,Humans ,Family ,Interpersonal Relations ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Family history ,Medical History Taking ,Health communication ,Applied Psychology ,Original Research ,White (horse) ,Middle Aged ,Black or African American ,Interpersonal ties ,Knowledge ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Health Communication ,Female ,Psychology - Abstract
Collecting complete and accurate family health history is critical to preventing type 2 diabetes. Whether there are any racial difference in family health history knowledge of type 2 diabetes and whether such differences are related to interpersonal mechanisms remain unclear. We seek to identify the interpersonal mechanisms that give rise to discrepancies in family health history knowledge of type 2 diabetes in families of different racial backgrounds. We analyze informant-dyad consensus with respect to shared family history of type 2 diabetes in 127 informants of 45 families in the greater Cincinnati area (white: 28 families, 78 informants; black/African-American: 17 families, 49 informants). We first document a difference in informant-dyad consensus by race and then test whether this difference can be explained by interpersonal ties, particularly health communication. Compared with their white counterparts, dyads in families of black/African-American background are more likely to have an uneven distribution of knowledge, with one informant knowing and the other not knowing his/her family health history. The racial difference is explained by dyads in families of black/African-American background having fewer reciprocal health communication ties. While associated with informant-dyad consensus, education, kinship ties, and closeness ties do not account for the observed racial difference. Activating health communication is a key to improving family health history knowledge, especially in families of black/African-American background. Researchers and clinicians should leverage communication ties in the family network for better collection and utilization of family health history in preventive services.
- Published
- 2018
22. Primary Caregivers in a Network Context
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Laura M. Koehly, Christopher Steven Marcum, and Sato Ashida
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Adult ,Male ,Social Psychology ,Process (engineering) ,Aftercare ,Context (language use) ,Interpersonal communication ,The Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences ,Adult Day Care Centers ,Social Networking ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,symbols.namesake ,0302 clinical medicine ,Alzheimer Disease ,Assisted Living Facilities ,NOMINATE ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Humans ,Dementia ,Family ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Poisson regression ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,030214 geriatrics ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Clinical Psychology ,Caregivers ,symbols ,Female ,Nomination ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Psychology ,Gerontology - Abstract
Objectives Caregiving to individuals affected by Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) is a family-systems process where tasks are distributed between multiple caregivers in a network. We evaluate the extent to which multiple network members nominate one another as filling primary caregiver (PCG) roles and factors associated with nomination. Method Data come from the Caregiving Roles and Expectations Networks project, which aimed to characterize the caregiving networks of families affected by ADRD. All persons affected by ADRD were either full-time residents in residential care facilities or community-dwelling adult day-care participants. Generalized Poisson regression was used to model the count of incoming PCG nominations of each network member. Results On average, there were multiple network members identified as PCGs across different network contexts. Network members who were perceived to perform essential caregiving tasks, such as making decisions on behalf of and spending time with the care recipient, received more primary caregiving nominations from their network peers, adjusting for personal attributes, and the context of care. Discussion Having multiple PCGs in a network may result in lack of consensus in who fills those roles, potentially putting families at risk for interpersonal conflicts. Future work aimed at intervention development should fully assess the social contexts surrounding caregiving processes in order to better understand how network composition might impact outcomes.
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- 2018
23. Caregiving Across Contexts: Siblings of Children with Inherited Metabolic Disorders and Siblings of Typically Developing Children
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Madeleine A. Granovetter, Sydney Sumrall, and Laura M. Koehly
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Typically developing ,business.industry ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Medicine ,Sibling ,business ,Psychosocial ,Developmental psychology - Abstract
Background: Siblings of children with chronic diseases may ultimately become their sibling’s primary caregivers, yet research on their caregiving contributions during childhood is limited. Studies on sibling caregiving have largely focused on the roles and needs of adults caring for their siblings. Moreover, research on siblings of children with chronic illnesses or disabilities primarily examines their experiences and psychosocial outcomes. No known research explores the caregiving contributions of siblings of pediatric patients, or how these …
- Published
- 2021
24. Novel insights from fetal and placental phenotyping in 3 mouse models of Down syndrome
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Laura M. Koehly, Victoria Hoffmann, Diana W. Bianchi, Faycal Guedj, and April D. Adams
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Down syndrome ,Fetus ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Embryo ,medicine.disease ,Phenotype ,Embryonic stem cell ,Andrology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,In utero ,Placenta ,embryonic structures ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business ,Trisomy - Abstract
Background In human fetuses with Down syndrome, placental pathology, structural anomalies and growth restriction are present. There is currently a significant lack of information regarding the early life span in mouse models of Down syndrome. Objective The objective of this study was to examine embryonic day 18.5 and placental phenotype in the 3 most common mouse models of Down syndrome (Ts65Dn, Dp(16)1/Yey, Ts1Cje). Based on prenatal and placental phenotyping in 3 mouse models of Down syndrome, we hypothesized that one or more of them would have a similar phenotype to human fetuses with trisomy 21, which would make it the most suitable for in utero treatment studies. Study Design Here, C57BL6J/6 female mice were mated to Dp(16)1/Yey and Ts1Cje male mice and Ts65Dn female mice to C57BL/B6Eic3Sn.BLiAF1/J male mice. At embryonic day 18.5, dams were euthanized. Embryos and placentas were examined blindly for weight and size. Embryos were characterized as euploid or trisomic, male or female by polymerase chain reaction. A subset of embryos (34 euploid and 34 trisomic) were examined for malformations. Results The Ts65Dn mouse model showed the largest differences in fetal growth, brain development, and placental development when comparing euploid and trisomic embryos. For the Dp(16)1/Yey mouse model, genotype did not impact fetal growth, but there were differences in brain and placental development. For the Ts1Cje mouse model, no significant association was found between genotype and fetal growth, brain development, or placental development. Euploid mouse embryos had no congenital anomalies; however, 1 mouse embryo died. Hepatic necrosis was seen in 6 of 12 Dp(16)1/Yey (50%) and 1 of 12 Ts1Cje (8%) mouse embryos; hepatic congestion or inflammation was observed in 3 of 10 Ts65Dn mouse embryos (30%). Renal pelvis dilation was seen in 5 of 12 Dp(16)1/Yey (42%), 5 of 10 Ts65Dn (50%), and 3 of 12 Ts1Cje (25%) mouse embryos. In addition, 1 Ts65Dn mouse embryo and 1 Dp(16)1/Yey mouse embryo had an aortic outflow abnormality. Furthermore, 2 Ts1Cje mouse embryos had ventricular septal defects. Ts65Dn mouse placentas had increased spongiotrophoblast necrosis. Conclusion Fetal and placental growth showed varying trends across strains. Congenital anomalies were primarily seen in trisomic embryos. The presence of liver abnormalities in all 3 mouse models of Down syndrome (10 of 34 cases) is a novel finding. Renal pelvis dilation was also common (13 of 34 cases). Future research will examine human autopsy material to determine if these findings are relevant to infants with Down syndrome. Differences in placental histology were also observed among strains.
- Published
- 2021
25. EXPECTATIONS, ROLES, AND EXPERIENCES OF GRANDPARENT-CAREGIVERS OF CHILDREN WITH RARE DISEASE
- Author
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Jasmine A. Manalel, Laura M. Koehly, and Betina Hollstein
- Subjects
Abstracts ,Health (social science) ,Grandparent ,Late Breaking Poster Session IV ,Life-span and Life-course Studies ,Psychology ,Health Professions (miscellaneous) ,Session Lb3620 (Late Breaking Poster) ,Rare disease ,Developmental psychology - Abstract
Grandparenting can be a rewarding and health-promoting experience for older adults. However, grandparent-caregivers often experience greater stress and poorer health relative to non-caregiving grandparents. Further, little is known about grandparents caring for a child with a rare, chronic illness. This study aimed to extend knowledge of the expectations, roles, and experiences of grandparents providing care to a child affected with an inherited metabolic condition. The sample included 23 grandparent-mother dyads from the Inherited Diseases, Caregiving, and Social Networks Study. The grandparent sub-sample ranged from 49 to 79 years of age (Mage = 64), the majority were female (83%) and married (74%), and almost half (48%) were retired. Social network assessments were analyzed to determine concordance between mother- and grandparent-reports of grandparents’ role in the child’s caregiving network. Fifteen mother-grandparent dyads (65%) agreed on grandparents’ role in the child’s network, with the majority of those (93%) considering the grandparent to be very close and important (versus less close or excluded from the caregiving network). Grandparents whose self-reports of their role in their child’s caregiving networks were consistent with mother-reports appeared more likely to report that they spend enough time caregiving than those whose reports were inconsistent. Content analysis of grandparents’ interviews provided supporting information about the joys and regrets of their grandparenting experience and perspectives on caregiving expectations. This research leverages multi-informant social network and qualitative data to illuminate grandparents’ role in the caregiving networks of chronically ill children and adaptation to non-normative grandparenting experiences.
- Published
- 2019
26. Age Differences in Cognitive Personal Networks
- Author
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Christopher Steven Marcum, Laura M. Koehly, and Jielu Lin
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,Age differences ,Social Networks and Support ,Cognition ,Health Professions (miscellaneous) ,Developmental psychology ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Aging and the Life Course ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology ,Abstracts ,Session 925 (Poster) ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Family, Life Course, and Society ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences ,Life-span and Life-course Studies ,Psychology - Abstract
Background and ObjectivesPrevious research has found a negative association between network size and age, suggesting that people experience greater isolation from their personal networks with advancing age. In this paper, we evaluate age differences in how individuals perceive their social worlds to be structured, rather than focusing solely on network size.Research Design & MethodsA nationally represented sample of respondents (n=1,824) reported on their own ties to their close personal network members (i.e., ego-alter ties) as well as their perceptions of the acquaintanceship between those members (i.e., alter-alter ties). We used social network analysis to assess how the structure of these relationships vary by respondent age.ResultsThere is a strong pattern of age-homophily with some inter-generational contact for both ego-to-alter and alter-to-alter ties. Egos perceive less age-heterophily among their alters than they perceive in their own ties. Net of the results for age-mixing, we find a positive association between ego age and personal network size and a negative association between average alter age and personal network size. Finally, we find that as alters’ ages increase, their expected degrees as perceived by ego decreases regardless of ego’s own age. Discussion & ImplicationOur results suggest that our social worlds shift in terms of size and structure across the life course. While contemporary close personal networks may grow slightly with age, our perceptions of older people having fewer network ties remains. We discuss these results in the context of recent findings that suggest aging uniformly insulates individuals from social contact from both structural and symbolic perspectives. Specifically, the findings here challenge the notion that network size declines with age suggesting that this result may be the product of perceptions and not reality.
- Published
- 2019
27. Activating Communal Coping Related to Diabetes Risk in Mexican-Heritage Families
- Author
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Laura M. Koehly, Anna V. Wilkinson, Melanie F. Myers, and Jielu Lin
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,030505 public health ,Diabetes risk ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Psychological intervention ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Interpersonal ties ,Interpersonal relationship ,0302 clinical medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Risk Factors ,Intervention (counseling) ,Adaptation, Psychological ,Mexican Americans ,Humans ,Female ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Family history ,0305 other medical science ,Risk assessment ,Psychology ,Communal coping - Abstract
We investigate how interpersonal ties influence communication about type 2 diabetes risk and encouragement to maintain or adopt a healthy lifestyle between family members of Mexican heritage, after a family history-based risk assessment intervention. Results suggest that individuals are more likely to initiate risk communication with another family member if they are close to, already seek advice from, or discuss health with him or her. Risk communication precedes encouragement, which is initiated by the older generation of the family. Understanding the role of interpersonal relationships in Mexican-heritage families can help identify who best to target in future health behavior interventions.
- Published
- 2019
28. Social Networks and Health: Micro Processes and Macro Structures
- Author
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Laura M. Koehly and Christopher Steven Marcum
- Subjects
lcsh:Sociology (General) ,Sociology and Political Science ,lcsh:HM401-1281 ,Social Sciences ,Economic geography ,Macro ,Psychology ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Since its nascency, the field of social network analysis has been intrinsically linked to human health and well-being. In fact, the very first empirical article ever published in Sociometry evaluated a psychiatric treatment to inter-personal distress that employed the spontaneous interactions unfolding in a triad of physician, patient, and proxy actors (Moreno, 1937). This was a first attempt in a research context to show that there may be direct effects that tie patterns of social relations to individual well-being in small groups. Moreno & Jennings (1938) also made the early and astute argument that the social structure observed through measurement of social relations is inseparable from biological and psychological frames of reference: they are all inherently interdependent. More than 80 years of research in this area has since been developed and yet the field is still flush with opportunities to learn about the interplay between social networks and health. In this special issue of the Journal of Social Structure, we highlight the work of leading scientists in this field.
- Published
- 2019
29. One social network, two perspectives: Social networks of people with Down syndrome based on self-reports and proxy reports
- Author
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Anne E. Roll and Laura M. Koehly
- Subjects
030506 rehabilitation ,Down syndrome ,Egocentric network ,Education ,Social Networking ,03 medical and health sciences ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Intellectual Disability ,Proxy report ,Intellectual disability ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Proxy (statistics) ,Data collection ,Social network ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Social Support ,medicine.disease ,Quality of Life ,Self Report ,Down Syndrome ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
Background For people with intellectual disabilities (ID), social networks play a key role in facilitating social inclusion, health, and quality of life. This study shows that a multi-informant approach to collecting social network data improves our understanding of the social worlds of people with Down Syndrome (DS). Method A mixed methods egocentric network approach was employed to investigate 27 dyads comprised of people with DS and their family members as proxy reporters to examine variability in network characteristics across self- and proxy reports. Results The self-reported total network size of people with DS was significantly smaller than the network size based on proxy reports. Significant differences were found between self- and proxy-reported networks with respect to most relationship groups. Proxy informants reported more "paid staff". Conclusion Our study showed that multiple perspectives on the social networks of people with DS are advantageous for researchers, policy makers, and practitioners.
- Published
- 2019
30. Genetic, Psychological, and Personal Network Factors Associated With Changes in Binge Drinking Over 2 Years Among Mexican Heritage Adolescents in the USA
- Author
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Anna V. Wilkinson, Sanjay Shete, Sunmi Song, Christopher Steven Marcum, and Laura M. Koehly
- Subjects
Male ,Longitudinal study ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Binge drinking ,Underage Drinking ,Tryptophan Hydroxylase ,Impulsivity ,Logistic regression ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Article ,Binge Drinking ,Social Networking ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk-Taking ,Mexican Americans ,medicine ,Sensation seeking ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,General Psychology ,Genetic testing ,030505 public health ,TPH2 ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Disinhibition ,Adolescent Behavior ,Impulsive Behavior ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background Despite prevalent binge drinking and alcohol-dependent symptoms among Hispanics, few studies have examined how multidimensional factors influence Hispanic adolescents' binge drinking. Purpose This study examines the effects of genetic, psychological, and social network factors on binge drinking over time among Mexican heritage adolescents in the USA and whether there are correlations among genetic variants that are associated with binge drinking and psychological and network characteristics. Methods Mexican heritage adolescents (n = 731) participated in a longitudinal study, which included genetic testing at baseline, alcohol use assessments at first and second follow-ups, and questionnaires on sensation seeking, impulsivity, and peer and family network characteristics at second follow-up. Logistic regression and Spearman correlation analyses were performed. Results After adjusting for demographic characteristics, underlying genetic clustering, and binge drinking at first follow-up, two genetic variants on tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2; rs17110451, rs7963717), sensation seeking and impulsivity, and having a greater fraction of peers who drink or encourage drinking alcohol were associated with greater risk whereas another genetic variant on TPH2 (rs11178999) and having a greater fraction of close family relationships were associated with reduced risk for binge drinking at second follow-up. Genetic variants in TPH1 (rs591556) were associated with sensation seeking and impulsivity, while genetic variants in TPH2 (rs17110451) were associated with the fraction of drinkers in family. Conclusions Results reveal that genetic variants in the serotonin pathway, behavioral disinhibition traits, and social networks exert joint influences on binge drinking in Mexican heritage adolescents in the USA.
- Published
- 2019
31. Viewing images of alcohol use in PG-13-rated movies and alcohol initiation in Mexican-heritage youth
- Author
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Elizabeth A. Vandewater, Anna V. Wilkinson, Laura M. Koehly, Carrie R. Daniel, James D. Sargent, Margaret R. Spitz, and Galya Bigman
- Subjects
Male ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Motion Pictures ,Ethnic group ,030508 substance abuse ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Alcohol ,Peer Group ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Advertising ,Mexican Americans ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Box office ,Association (psychology) ,Probability ,Imitative Behavior ,Acculturation ,Quartile ,chemistry ,Adolescent Behavior ,Cohort ,Anxiety ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Demography - Abstract
Mexican American adolescents report high rates of alcohol consumption as well as media use. Viewing alcohol images in the media is associated with increased alcohol consumption; however, to date, this association has not been examined across different ethnic groups in the United States. To bridge this gap, we examined the association between viewing alcohol use images in PG-13-rated movies and alcohol initiation in Mexican-heritage adolescents. A cohort of 1,154 Mexican-heritage youth, average age 14 years, was followed for 2 years; in 2008-2009, participants reported alcohol use in the past 30 days and again in 2010-2011. Exposure to alcohol use images in PG-13-rated movies was estimated from 50 movies randomly selected from a pool of 250 of the top box office hits in the United States using previously validated methods. A series of generalized linear models, adjusting for age, gender, peer and family alcohol use, family functioning, anxiety, sensation-seeking tendency, and acculturation were completed. Multiple imputation was utilized to address missing data. Overall, N = 652 participants reported no alcohol use in 2008-2009; by 2010-2011, 33.6% (n = 219) had initiated alcohol use. Adjusted models indicated an independent association between exposure to alcohol use images in PG-13-rated movies and alcohol initiation (comparing quartiles 3 to 1: RR =1.53; 95% CI [1.11, 2.10]). The findings emphasize that the relationship between viewing alcohol use scenes in American films and alcohol initiation holds among Mexican-heritage adolescents and underscore the need to limit adolescents' exposure to such powerful images in PG-13-rated movies.
- Published
- 2019
32. Intergenerational exchange of healthful eating encouragement: consideration of family ancestry and disease history
- Author
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Donna M. Hughes, Jasmine A. Manalel, Laura M. Koehly, Carlene Wilson, Ivanka Prichard, Amanda D. Hutchinson, Christopher Steven Marcum, Samantha Calabrese, Kayla de la Haye, Manalel, Jasmine A, Marcum, Christopher Steven, Calabrese, Samantha, de la Haye, Kayla, Hughes, Donna, Prichard, Ivanka, Hutchinson, Amanda, Wilson, Carlene, and Koehly, Laura
- Subjects
Context (language use) ,Health Promotion ,PsycINFO ,Disease ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Social Psychology ,Article ,family networks ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,family communication ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Family history ,Social network analysis ,Applied Psychology ,intergenerational relationships ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology ,Australia ,3. Good health ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Health promotion ,Intergenerational Relations ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Social Psychology ,Normative ,Eating behavior ,Family Relations ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences ,Diet, Healthy ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology ,Psychology - Abstract
Introduction Improving diet is a prime target for the prevention and management of chronic disease. The communal coping model suggests that families can mitigate shared risk of chronic disease through encouragement of healthful eating, eliciting preventive behaviors. Method Using network data from 69 Australian families across three ancestry groups (Anglo, Italian, and Asian) with varied family health histories, the present study applied social network analysis to identify patterns of intergenerational encouragement of healthful eating behavior within families, and assess whether patterns varied by family ancestry or disease density. Results Findings indicated variation in patterns of health encouragement by ancestry such that Asian-Australian families were most distinct from the other ancestry groups. While there was no main effect of familial disease history, it moderated the effect of Italian ancestry on intergenerational encouragement patterns. Discussion These results provide important context for future family based interventions that leverage normative patterns of intergenerational exchange of encouragement or aim to modify such patterns in an effort to improve family health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2019
33. CAREGIVING INVOLVEMENT AND EMOTIONAL SUPPORT IN FAMILIES WITH AND WITHOUT A HISTORY OF ALZHEIMER’S DEMENTIA
- Author
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Christopher Steven Marcum, Sato Ashida, Jennifer L Cleary, Jeffrey Lienert, and Laura M. Koehly
- Subjects
Abstracts ,Health (social science) ,Emotional support ,Alzheimer s dementia ,Life-span and Life-course Studies ,Psychology ,Health Professions (miscellaneous) ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Among networks of familial caregivers for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), caregivers’ perceptions of how others are involved in care can contribute to interpersonal stressors (i.e., nonfeasance, malfeasance, uplift). Moreover, prior family history of AD represents a context for receptivity of social resources: biological relatives may be at risk themselves, and the family system likely experiences caregiving multiple times due to family history (FH). We investigate how perceived involvement in caregiving among networks of individuals with and without prior family history (FH) relates to the receipt of emotional support resources. Seventy-two familial caregivers of 30 individuals with AD were recruited from residential and daycare programs. Each respondent enumerated and provided information about the individual with dementia, other family members, and other important people to themselves and their relative with dementia. We fit a generalized linear mixed model predicting emotional support receipt as a function of FH, type of caregiving involvement, and type of relationship, adjusting for demographic characteristics and multiple observations per participant. Results indicate main effects of FH (β=-2.84, p
- Published
- 2018
34. Caregivers of children with inherited metabolic conditions: social network policy research on the psychosocial, health, and financial impact on families
- Author
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Betina Hollstein, Dawn Lea, Aaron Gurayah, Sydney Sumrall, Tracy Swan, Meghan Grewal, Shani Gelles, Lynn Bush, Jasmine A. Manalel, Anna Shetler, Madeleine A. Granovetter, Hannah Davidson, Megan Cooper, Niyati Shah, and Laura M. Koehly
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Endocrinology ,Social network ,business.industry ,Financial impact ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Genetics ,Psychology ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Psychosocial - Published
- 2021
35. Social and behavioral science at the forefront of genomics: Discovery, translation, and health equity
- Author
-
Vence L. Bonham, Gustavo Sudre, Sharon K. Davis, Susan Persky, Laura M. Koehly, Christopher Steven Marcum, Philip Shaw, and Dawn Lea
- Subjects
Discovery science ,Health (social science) ,Equity (economics) ,Health Equity ,030503 health policy & services ,Best practice ,Behavioural sciences ,Social environment ,Cognition ,Genomics ,Article ,Health equity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Humans ,Engineering ethics ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Sociology ,0305 other medical science ,Behavioral Sciences ,Behavioral Research - Abstract
This special issue highlights the unique role that social and behavioral science has to play at the forefront of genomics. Through the introduction of papers comprising this special issue, we outline priority research areas at the nexus of genomics and the social and behavioral sciences. These include: Discovery science; clinical and community translation, and equity, including engagement and inclusion of diverse populations in genomic science. We advocate for genomic discovery that considers social context, neural, cognitive, and behavioral endophenotypes, and that is grounded in social and behavioral science research and theory. Further, the social and behavioral sciences should play a leadership role in identifying best practices for effective clinical and community translation of genomic discoveries. Finally, inclusive research that engages diverse populations is necessary for genomic discovery and translation to benefit all. We also highlight ways that genomics can be a fruitful testbed for the development and refinement of social and behavioral science theory. Indeed, an expanded ecological lens that runs from genomes to society will be required to fully understand human behavior.
- Published
- 2021
36. It’s Interpersonal: Family Relationships, Genetic Risk, and Caregiving
- Author
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Laura M. Koehly
- Subjects
Male ,Research program ,Special Issue: Aging - It’s Personal: Forum ,050109 social psychology ,Context (language use) ,Disease ,Interpersonal communication ,Risk Assessment ,Nuclear Family ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Social support ,0302 clinical medicine ,Adaptation, Psychological ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Family Health ,05 social sciences ,Perspective (graphical) ,Genetic Diseases, Inborn ,Social Support ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Caregivers ,Caregiver stress ,Life course approach ,Female ,Family Relations ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Psychology ,Gerontology ,Stress, Psychological - Abstract
My research program considers family relationships across the life course: in early life, with a focus on disease prevention—leveraging genetic risk information and relationships to motivate health-promoting behaviors—and in later life, with a focus on informal caregiving—identifying characteristics of those most vulnerable to, or resilient from, caregiver stress. It is fortuitous, if not tragic, then, that my research and personal worlds collided during my mother’s final 8 months of life. Here, I discuss how this experience has shifted my thinking within both arms of my research program. First, I consider the state of the science in family health history, arguing that the current approach which focuses on an individual’s first- and second-degree relatives does not take us far enough into the relational landscape to activate communal coping with disease risk. Second, I discuss caregiving from a family systems perspective. My family’s experience confirmed the importance of using a systems approach and highlighted a need to identify underlying variability in members’ expectations of caregiving roles. In so doing, I capture the significance of understanding the multiple perspectives that frame a context in which families adapt and cope with risk and disease diagnoses.
- Published
- 2016
37. Imagining roles for epigenetics in health promotion research
- Author
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Colleen M. McBride and Laura M. Koehly
- Subjects
Epigenomics ,0301 basic medicine ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Applied psychology ,Psychological intervention ,Relapse prevention ,Article ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,03 medical and health sciences ,Intervention (counseling) ,Humans ,Medicine ,Health behavior change ,Psychology(all) ,Interventions ,General Psychology ,media_common ,business.industry ,Research ,Behavior change ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Health psychology ,030104 developmental biology ,Health promotion ,Conceptual model ,Epigenetics ,business ,Social psychology - Abstract
Discoveries from the Human Genome Project have invigorated discussions of epigenetic effects-modifiable chemical processes that influence DNA's ability to give instructions to turn gene expression on or off-on health outcomes. We suggest three domains in which new understandings of epigenetics could inform innovations in health promotion research: (1) increase the motivational potency of health communications (e.g., explaining individual differences in health outcomes to interrupt optimistic biases about health exposures); (2) illuminate new approaches to targeted and tailored health promotion interventions (e.g., relapse prevention targeted to epigenetic responses to intervention participation); and (3) inform more sensitive measures of intervention impact, (e.g., replace or augment self-reported adherence). We suggest a three-step process for using epigenetics in health promotion research that emphasizes integrating epigenetic mechanisms into conceptual model development that then informs selection of intervention approaches and outcomes. Lastly, we pose examples of relevant scientific questions worth exploring.
- Published
- 2016
38. Growing-up and coming-out: Are 4-cycles present in adult hetero/gay hook-ups?
- Author
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Laura M. Koehly, Jielu Lin, and Christopher Steven Marcum
- Subjects
050402 sociology ,0504 sociology ,Sociology and Political Science ,Social Psychology ,Hook ,Communication ,05 social sciences ,050602 political science & public administration ,Coming out ,Media studies ,Psychology ,0506 political science - Published
- 2016
39. Multilevel models for social networks: Hierarchical Bayesian approaches to exponential random graph modeling
- Author
-
Laura M. Koehly and Andrew Slaughter
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Multilevel model ,Bayesian probability ,General Social Sciences ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,01 natural sciences ,Variable-order Bayesian network ,0506 political science ,010104 statistics & probability ,Autoregressive model ,Ask price ,Anthropology ,Simulated data ,Exponential random graph models ,050602 political science & public administration ,Artificial intelligence ,0101 mathematics ,business ,computer ,General Psychology ,Mathematics - Abstract
In many applications, researchers may be interested in studying patterns of dyadic relationships that involve multiple groups, with a focus on modeling the systematic patterns within groups and how these structural patterns differ across groups. A number of different models – many of them potentially quite powerful – have been developed that allow for researchers to study these differences. However, as with any set of models, these are limited in ways that constrain the types of questions researchers may ask, such as those involving the variance in group-wise structural features. In this paper, we demonstrate some of the ways in which multilevel models based on a hierarchical Bayesian approach might be used to further develop and extend existing exponential random graph models to address such constraints. These include random coefficient extensions to the standard ERGM for sets of multiple unconnected or connected networks and examples of multilevel models that allow for the estimation of structural entrainment among connected groups. We demonstrate the application of these models to real-world and simulated data sets.
- Published
- 2016
40. The Structure of Emotional Support Networks in Families Affected by Lynch Syndrome
- Author
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Christopher Steven Marcum, Laura M. Koehly, Donald W. Hadley, Dawn Lea, and Dina Eliezer
- Subjects
Coping (psychology) ,Sociology and Political Science ,Social Psychology ,Interpersonal communication ,Disease ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology ,medicine ,Genetic testing ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Social Psychology and Interaction ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Health Psychology ,Operationalization ,Social network ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Communication ,Stressor ,medicine.disease ,Lynch syndrome ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Health Psychology ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Social Psychology and Interaction ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology ,business ,Psychology - Abstract
Genetic risk is particularly salient for families, and testing for genetic conditions is necessarily a family level process. Thus, risk for genetic disease represents a collective stressor shared by family members. According to communal coping theory, families may adapt to such risk vis-a-vis interpersonal exchange of support resources. We propose that communal coping is operationalized through the pattern of supportive relationships observed between family members. While past research has examined support exchange of family members who received genetic testing, the roles of family members who declined testing, or were not otherwise at risk for disease, have not been fully examined. In this study, we take a social network perspective to map communal coping mechanisms to their underlying social interactions and include those who declined testing or were not at risk for Lynch Syndrome. Specifically, we examine the exchange of emotional support resources in families at risk of Lynch Syndrome, a dominantly inherited cancer susceptibility syndrome. Our results show that emotional support resources depend on the testing-status of individual family members and are not limited to the bounds of the family. Network members from within and outside the family system are an important coping resource in this patient population. This work illustrates how social network approaches can be used to test structural hypotheses related to communal coping within a broader system and identifies structural features that characterize coping processes in families affected by Lynch Syndrome.
- Published
- 2018
41. An efficient counting method for the colored triad census
- Author
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Laura M. Koehly, Jeffrey Lienert, Felix Reed-Tsochas, and Christopher Steven Marcum
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Ethnomethodology and Conservation Analysis ,050402 sociology ,Theoretical computer science ,Sociology and Political Science ,Computer science ,Ethnomethodology and Conservation Analysis ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Methodology ,Network science ,Social and Behavioral Sciences ,Homophily ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Comparative and Historical Sociology ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology ,Sociology ,0504 sociology ,Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social Statistics ,050602 political science & public administration ,Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS) ,Social network analysis ,Categorical variable ,General Psychology ,Statistical hypothesis testing ,Social and Information Networks (cs.SI) ,Social Statistics ,Mathematical Sociology ,Comparative and Historical Sociology ,05 social sciences ,Methodology ,General Social Sciences ,Computer Science - Social and Information Networks ,Directed graph ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|History of Sociology ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social Statistics ,FOS: Sociology ,0506 political science ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Quantitative, Qualitative, Comparative, and Historical Methodologies ,Colored ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Mathematical Sociology ,Anthropology ,History of Sociology ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences ,Graph (abstract data type) ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences - Abstract
The triad census is an important approach to understand local structure in network science, providing The triad census is an important approach to understand local structure in network science, providing comprehensive assessments of the observed relational configurations between triples of actors in a network. However, researchers are often interested in combinations of relational and categorical nodal attributes. In this case, it is desirable to account for the label, or color, of the nodes in the triad census. In this paper, we describe an efficient algorithm for constructing the colored triad census, based, in part, on existing methods for the classic triad census. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm using empirical and simulated data for both undirected and directed graphs. The results of the simulation demonstrate that the proposed algorithm reduces computational time by approximately many-fold over the naive approach. We also apply the colored triad census to the Zachary karate club network dataset. We simultaneously show the efficiency of the algorithm, and a way to conduct a statistical test on the census by forming a null distribution from 1,000 realizations of a mixing-matrix conditioned graph and comparing the observed colored triad counts to the expected. From this, we demonstrate the method's utility in our discussion of results about homophily, heterophily, and bridging, simultaneously gained via the colored triad census. In sum, the proposed algorithm for the colored triad census brings novel utility to social network analysis in an efficient package.comprehensive assessments of the observed relational configurations between triples of actors in a network. However, researchers are often interested in combinations of relational and categorical nodal attributes. In this case, it is desirable to account for the label, or color, of the nodes in the triad census. In this paper, we describe an efficient algorithm for constructing the colored triad census, based, in part, on existing methods for the classic triad census. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm using empirical and simulated data for both undirected and directed graphs. The results of the simulation demonstrate that the proposed algorithm reduces computational time by approximately many-fold over the naive approach. We also apply the colored triad census to the Zachary karate club network dataset. We simultaneously show the efficiency of the algorithm, and a way to conduct a statistical test on the census by forming a null distribution from 1; 000 realizations of a mixing-matrix conditioned graph and comparing the observed colored triad counts to the expected. From this, we demonstrate the method's utility in our discussion of results about homophily, heterophily, and bridging, simultaneously gained via the colored triad census. In sum, the proposed algorithm for the colored triad census brings novel utility to social network analysis in an efficient package.
- Published
- 2018
42. Social and behavioral science priorities for genomic translation
- Author
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Laura M. Koehly, Susan Persky, Gillian Acca, and Erica L. Spotts
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Commentary/Position Paper ,Research areas ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Psychological intervention ,Behavioural sciences ,Social Sciences ,Literacy ,Translational Research, Biomedical ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Sociology ,Applied Psychology ,media_common ,Equity (economics) ,business.industry ,Genomics ,Public relations ,Health equity ,Outreach ,business ,Neurocognitive ,Behavioral Sciences ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
This commentary highlights the essential role of the social and behavioral sciences for genomic translation, and discusses some priority research areas in this regard. The first area encompasses genetics of behavioral, social, and neurocognitive factors, and how integration of these relationships might impact the development of treatments and interventions. The second area includes the contributions that social and behavioral sciences make toward the informed translation of genomic developments. Further, there is a need for behavioral and social sciences to inform biomedical research for effective implementation. The third area speaks to the need for increased outreach and education efforts to improve the public's genomic literacy such that individuals and communities can make informed health-related and societal (e.g., in legal or consumer settings) decisions. Finally, there is a need to prioritize representation of diverse communities in genomics research and equity of access to genomic technologies. Examples from National Institutes of Health-based intramural and extramural research programs and initiatives are used to discuss these points.
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- 2018
43. Heart disease risk information, encouragement, and physical activity among Mexican-origin couples: Self- or spouse-driven change?
- Author
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Megan A. Lewis, Donald W. Hadley, Sato Ashida, Susan Persky, Laura M. Koehly, Hendrik D. de Heer, Anna V. Wilkinson, Kaley F. Skapinsky, and Andrea F. Goergen
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Male ,Heart Diseases ,Feedback, Psychological ,Health Behavior ,Psychological intervention ,Context (language use) ,Interpersonal communication ,Health Promotion ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Interpersonal relationship ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sex Factors ,Mexican Americans ,Humans ,Interpersonal Relations ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Spouses ,Health communication ,Exercise ,Applied Psychology ,Original Research ,030505 public health ,social sciences ,Middle Aged ,Health promotion ,Health Communication ,Spouse ,behavior and behavior mechanisms ,population characteristics ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,Risk assessment ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Family health history is an accessible, clinically-recommended genomic tool that improves health risk evaluation. It captures both genetic and modifiable risk factors that cluster within families. Thus, families represent a salient context for family health history-based interventions that motivate engagement in risk-reducing behaviors. While previous research has explored how individuals respond to their personal risk information, we extend this inquiry to consider how individuals respond to their spouse's risk information among a sample of Mexican-Americans. One hundred and sixty spouse-dyads within Mexican-heritage households received a pedigree or a pedigree and personalized risk assessments, with or without behavioral recommendations. Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVAs) were conducted to assess the relationship between risk feedback, both personal and spouse, and self-reported physical activity levels at 3-month and 10-month assessments, controlling for baseline levels. The effect of being identified as an encourager of spouse's healthy weight was also evaluated. Personal feedback had no effect on participants' physical activity at either 3- or 10-month assessments. However, husbands' risk information was associated with wives' physical activity levels at 3-month assessment, with women whose husbands received both increased risk feedback and behavioral recommendations engaging in significantly higher physical activity levels than all other women. At 10-month follow-up, physical activity levels for both husbands and wives differed depending on whether they encouraged their spouse's healthy weight. Spousal risk information may be a stronger source of motivation to improve physical activity patterns than personal risk information, particularly for women. Interventions that activate interpersonal encouragement among spouses may more successfully extend intervention effects.
- Published
- 2018
44. Developing Shared Appraisals of Diabetes Risk Through Family Health History Feedback: The Case of Mexican-Heritage Families
- Author
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Christopher Steven Marcum, Jielu Lin, Anna V. Wilkinson, and Laura M. Koehly
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Adult ,Male ,Risk ,Diabetes risk ,Feedback, Psychological ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Affect (psychology) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mexican Americans ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Family history ,Young adult ,Parent-Child Relations ,Medical History Taking ,General Psychology ,Regular Article ,Middle Aged ,Confidence interval ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Interpersonal ties ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Relative risk ,Adult Children ,Female ,Disease Susceptibility ,Risk assessment ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background Collecting complete and accurate family health history is critical to preventing type 2 diabetes. Purpose We seek to identify the optimal risk feedback approach that facilitates risk communication between parents and their adult children and helps them develop shared appraisals of family history of type 2 diabetes. Methods In a sample of parent-adult child dyads from 125 Mexican-heritage families residing in Houston, Texas, we examine change in parent-child dyadic (dis)agreement with respect to their shared family health history from baseline to 10 months after receipt of risk feedback generated by Family Healthware. A 2 × 2 factorial design is applied to test how the recipient (one parent or all family members) and the content (risk assessment with or without behavioral recommendations) of the feedback affect (dis)agreement through interpersonal ties, particularly dyadic risk communication. Results Providing risk assessment without behavioral recommendations to the parent, but not the adult child, shifts the dyads toward agreement (relative risk ratio [RRR]= 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.18–2.67]), by activating reciprocal risk communication between parents and children (RRR =2.70, 95% CI [1.81–4.03]). Dyads with close interpersonal ties are more likely to shift toward agreement (RRR = 3.09, 95% CI [1.89–5.07]). Conclusion Programs aimed at improving family health history knowledge and accuracy of reports should tailor risk feedback strategically for better intervention effect and leverage a network approach in disease prevention among at-risk minority and/or immigrant populations. Trial Registration Number NCT00469339.
- Published
- 2018
45. Collective Entity Resolution in Familial Networks
- Author
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Christopher Steven Marcum, Pigi Kouki, Jay Pujara, Lise Getoor, and Laura M. Koehly
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Transitive relation ,Matching (statistics) ,Theoretical computer science ,Computer science ,020204 information systems ,Similarity (psychology) ,Scalability ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Probabilistic logic ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,02 engineering and technology - Abstract
Entity resolution in settings with rich relational structure often introduces complex dependencies between co-references. Exploiting these dependencies is challenging - it requires seamlessly combining statistical, relational, and logical dependencies. One task of particular interest is entity resolution in familial networks. In this setting, multiple partial representations of a family tree are provided, from the perspective of different family members, and the challenge is to reconstruct a family tree from these multiple, noisy, partial views. This reconstruction is crucial for applications such as understanding genetic inheritance, tracking disease contagion, and performing census surveys. Here, we design a model that incorporates statistical signals, such as name similarity, relational information, such as sibling overlap, and logical constraints, such as transitivity and bijective matching, in a collective model. We show how to integrate these features using probabilistic soft logic, a scalable probabilistic programming framework. In experiments on real-world data, our model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art classifiers that use relational features but are incapable of collective reasoning.
- Published
- 2017
46. Talking About Type 2 Diabetes
- Author
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Sara L. Fernandes, Melanie F. Myers, Jennifer Hopper, Lora Arduser, and Laura M. Koehly
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,Family communication ,Health Professions (miscellaneous) ,Article ,Young Adult ,Nursing ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,Qualitative Research ,Aged ,Family Health ,Communication ,Perspective (graphical) ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Family medicine ,Female ,Disease Susceptibility ,Family Relations ,Psychology - Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe type 2 diabetes (T2DM) communication and risk reduction recommendations from the perspective of family members at risk for T2DM based on family history. Methods Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 33 individuals with a first-degree relative with T2DM. Participants were recruited from the community and a previous pharmacogenetics study. Deductive and inductive codes were applied to the transcripts. Results Conversations with family members with and without T2DM focused on symptoms and disease management of the family member with T2DM. With at-risk relatives, conversations also focused on prevention. Lack of perceived relevance to family members without T2DM was a barrier to communication. Recommendations to facilitate communication included education of an at-risk family member to increase awareness of risk, followed by sharing of learned information with others. Conclusion Efforts are needed to increase awareness and improve communication about T2DM risk factors, familial risk, and risk reduction behaviors within families with a family history of T2DM. Family members with and without T2DM should be encouraged to communicate with their relatives about T2DM and the risk to family members. Identification of family members who can facilitate communication, education, and modeling of healthy behaviors may increase awareness and motivate at-risk individuals to engage in risk-reducing behaviors.
- Published
- 2015
47. Family Cohesion and Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Among Mexican Origin Adolescents: A Longitudinal Perspective
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Laura M. Koehly, Abiodun O. Oluyomi, Larkin L. Strong, Vandita Rajesh, Anna V. Wilkinson, Sara S. Strom, and Galya Bigman
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Male ,Adolescent ,Ethnic group ,Anxiety ,Social Environment ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,Mexican Americans ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,Exercise ,Family Characteristics ,Sex Characteristics ,Data Collection ,Social environment ,Health Status Disparities ,Health equity ,Cohort ,Linear Models ,Female ,Family Relations ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Psychosocial ,Demography ,Social status ,Sex characteristics - Abstract
Background:Existing racial/ethnic disparities in physical activity during childhood increase Hispanics’ risk of developing chronic diseases, which serves to increase health disparities. This study examined associations of family cohesion and conflict with self-reported moderate-tovigorous physical activity (MVPA), controlling for psychosocial covariates such as subjective social status, anxiety, and sensation-seeking.Methods:1000 Mexican origin adolescents reported their MVPA levels approximately 2 years apart. Psychosocial covariates, family cohesion and conflict were measured at the first assessment. Generalized Linear Models were used to prospectively examine the relationship between family cohesion and conflict and subsequent MVPA based on 711 participants who had low levels of baseline MVPA.Results:35% of boys and 24% of girls reported adequate MVPA levels at follow-up; girls were less likely to report adequate MVPA (RR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.61–0.93) than boys. Overall, family cohesion was associated with MVPA (P = .01), but family cohesion was not (P = .41). Gender-based analyses revealed that adequate MVPA was associated with family cohesion (RR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.03–1.88), sensation seeking (RR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00–1.10), and age (RR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74–0.98) among girls and with subjective social status (RR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.08–1.33) among boys.Conclusions:The family social environment and gender differences should be addressed in health promotion programs targeting MVPA.
- Published
- 2015
48. Using a Historical Lens to Envision the Next Generation of Genomic Translation Research
- Author
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Colleen M. McBride, Laura M. Koehly, and Leah R Abrams
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Genetic Research ,Social Determinants of Health ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Breast Neoplasms ,Genomics ,Translational research ,Health Promotion ,Direct-to-Consumer Advertising ,Bioinformatics ,Translational Research, Biomedical ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Testing ,Sociology ,Social determinants of health ,Genetics (clinical) ,media_common ,Pace ,Genetic testing ,Narration ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,BRCA1 Protein ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Data science ,Interdependence ,Harm ,Health promotion ,Female ,Public Health ,Down Syndrome - Abstract
Background: The past 20 years have witnessed successive and exponential advances in genomic discovery and technology, with a broad scientific imperative pushing for continual advancements. The most consistent critique of these advances is that they have vastly outpaced translation of new knowledge into improvements in public health and medicine. Methods: We employ a historical and epistemological analysis to characterize how prevailing scientific meta-narratives have shaped the pace and priorities of research applying genomics to health promotion. We use four ‘pivotal events' - the genetic characterization of Down syndrome, the launch of the Human Genome Research Project, the discovery of BRCA1, and the emergence of direct-to- consumer genetic testing - to illustrate how these scientific meta-narratives have inhibited genomic translation research. Results: The notion that discovery should precede translation research has over-focused translation research on the latest genetic testing platform. The idea that genetic-related research has an exceptional potential for public harm has encouraged research on worst case scenarios. The perceived competition between genetics and social determinants of health has discouraged a unified research agenda to move genomic translation forward. Conclusion: We make a case for creating new scientific meta-narratives in which discovery and translation research agendas are envisioned as an interdependent enterprise.
- Published
- 2015
49. Social influence on 5-year survival in a longitudinal chemotherapy ward co-presence network
- Author
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Laura M. Koehly, Felix Reed-Tsochas, John Finney, Jeffrey Lienert, and Christopher Steven Marcum
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine ,Sociology and Political Science ,Social Psychology ,jaccard index ,medicine.medical_treatment ,chemotherapy ,Article ,Odds ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,administrative data ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Mental Health ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Medical Sociology ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Co presence ,Generalized estimating equation ,Social influence ,Chemotherapy ,business.industry ,Communication ,Public health ,public health ,Cancer ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Medicine and Health ,longitudinal network ,medicine.disease ,communal coping ,3. Good health ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology ,generalized estimating equation ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Social relationship ,bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences ,SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences ,business - Abstract
Chemotherapy is often administered in openly designed hospital wards, where there is the possibility of social influence on health between patients. Previous research has found evidence that cancer patients’ health is impacted by social relationships; however, social influence has not been examined in patients while receiving treatment in a chemotherapy ward. In the current paper, we investigate the influence of co-presence vis-a` -vis cancer patient outcomes on 5-year survival in a chemotherapy ward. Using data on 4,691 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, we construct a network of patients where edges between patients equal the Jaccard index of co-presence in the ward. Patients averaged 59.8 years of age, and 44% were male. We count the total Jaccard-weighted person-hours of overlap with focal patients’ immediate neighbors or those two nodes away who finish their chemotherapy cycle and survive 5 years or die within 5 years. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the effect of neighbors’ outcomes on focal patient’s 5-year mortality. Each 1,000-unit increase in Jaccard-weighted person-hours (e.g., a hypothetical focal patient in the ward for 50 hours co-present with 100 patients, all with Jaccard indices of 0.2) with a patient dying within 5 years increases a patient’s mortality odds by 42% (β = 0.357, CI:0.204, 0.510). Each 1,000-unit increase in Jaccard-weighted person-hours with a patient surviving 5 years reduces a patient’s odds of dying by 30% (β = −0.344, CI:−0.538, 0.149). Our results suggest that social influence occurs in chemotherapy 42 wards, which may need to be taken into account in chemotherapy delivery.
- Published
- 2017
50. Unmet Expectations in Alzheimer’s Family Caregiving: Interactional Characteristics Associated With Perceived Under-Contribution
- Author
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Christopher Steven Marcum, Sato Ashida, and Laura M. Koehly
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Psychological intervention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Social support ,Interpersonal relationship ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cost of Illness ,Alzheimer Disease ,Humans ,Family ,Interpersonal Relations ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Aged ,030214 geriatrics ,Social perception ,Stressor ,Social Support ,General Medicine ,Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ,Middle Aged ,Social relation ,Virtual Collection: Dementia and Caregiving ,Distress ,Caregivers ,Social Perception ,Female ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Psychology ,Gerontology ,Needs Assessment ,Stress, Psychological ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background and objectives Perceptions about family members not contributing enough to caregiving are documented to create psychological stress among caregivers. This study investigated whether individuals' perception that family members are under-contributing in caregiving processes was associated with their psychological well-being and explored the factors that may contribute to such perception borrowing concepts from a previous study: malfeasance, nonfeasance, and uplift. Research design and methods Seventy-two members of 30 families recruited through residential and adult daycare settings provided information about 960 familial network members (e.g., family, friends). Perceived levels of participation in caregiving about each network member, whether the level met respondents' expectations, and interactions representing malfeasance, nonfeasance, and uplift were assessed. Results Number of family members respondents identified as under-contributing in caregiving was associated with higher, whereas numbers of family participating in caregiving and supportive staff were associated with lower distress (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]). Factor analyses identified a set of social interactions among familial network members capturing three constructs: malfeasance, nonfeasance, and uplift. Network members for whom respondents reported higher levels of nonfeasance were more likely to be identified as under-contributing in direct care (odds ratio [OR] = 1.92), care decision making (OR = 1.89), and social support (OR = 1.74) compared with those identified as contributing enough. Members with higher levels of malfeasance were more likely to be identified as under-contributing in direct care (OR = 1.19) than those identified as contributing enough. Discussion and implications Social interactions characterized as nonfeasance may explain the perception of unmet expectations in caregiving within families and may represent a potential focus of family-level interventions.
- Published
- 2017
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