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Previous studies concerning reproductive patterns among non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) survivors are scarce and those available have reported conflicting results. Treatment regimens vary considerably between aggressive and indolent NHL and studies of reproductive patterns by subtypes are warranted. In this matched cohort study, we identified all NHL patients aged 18–40 years and diagnosed between 2000 and 2018 from the Swedish and Danish lymphoma registers, and the clinical database at Oslo University Hospital (n = 2090). Population comparators were matched on sex, birth year and country (n = 19 427). Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox regression. Males and females diagnosed with aggressive lymphoma subtypes had lower childbirth rates (HRfemale: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.31–0.59, HRmale: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47–0.78) than comparators during the first 3 years after diagnosis. For indolent lymphomas, childbirth rates were not significantly different from comparators (HRfemale: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.48–1.04, HRmale: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.70–1.27) during the same period. Childbirth rates reached those of comparators for all subtypes after 3 years but the cumulative incidence of childbirths was decreased throughout the 10-year follow-up for aggressive NHL. Children of NHL patients were more likely to be born following assisted reproductive technology than those of comparators, except for male indolent lymphoma patients. In conclusion, fertility counselling is particularly important for patients with aggressive NHL.

Plastic has become the most common material since the beginning of the 20th century and has become almost indispensable due to its durability, light weight and low costs. However, some of the characteristics also make the plastic problematic when it comes to the end of its life phase. Norner Research AS, a polymer research institute performing extensive independent or funded research in the plastic value chain from process technology to final product and application, has during the last ten years been active in developing biodegradable green plastic that can replace up to 40% of the fossil raw materials with industrial captured CO2. The green plastic, poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), is produced by reacting propylene oxide (PO) with CO2. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of static mixer on production of PPC and improve the catalytic process by reducing the reaction time and increasing the yield. The process includes multiphase gas-liquid flow, and good mixing is one of the key factors to succeed in improving the process. The flow behavior of the components in the multi-phase bench scale reactor is studied in order to investigate the potential of reducing the reaction time by using static mixers to increase mass transfer. A static mixer is a device for the continuous mixing of fluids, and can be used to mix liquids, gases or to mix a gas into a liquid. The energy needed for mixing comes from a loss in pressure as the fluids flow through the static mixer. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) is an important tool in order to simulate and optimize the polymerization process. In this study, the CFD software Ansys/Fluent is used to investigate the multiphase flow through the static mixer. The static mixer is simulated to study the effect on the gas-liquid mixing. The simulations were performed with mixtures of 17% and 34% PPC in PO under CO2 pressure. The simulations showed that the required number of mixing elements (L) to obtain a uniform mixing of CO2, PO and PPC in the liquid phase is estimated to be 6.5L for the 17% PPC case and 5.25L for the 34% PPC case. Consequently, using more than the required number of mixing elements would increase the pressure drop without increasing the mixing. It was observed that the required mixer length decreased when the composition of PPC in the inlet liquid phase was increased from 17% to 34%. Improving bench scale design for polymerisation of green CO2-polymers

The complete sequence of the Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580 genome was determined, revealing 4,208 predicted protein-coding genes, 7 rRNA operons and 72 tRNA genes., Background Bacillus licheniformis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming soil bacterium that is used in the biotechnology industry to manufacture enzymes, antibiotics, biochemicals and consumer products. This species is closely related to the well studied model organism Bacillus subtilis, and produces an assortment of extracellular enzymes that may contribute to nutrient cycling in nature. Results We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the B. licheniformis ATCC 14580 genome which comprises a circular chromosome of 4,222,336 base-pairs (bp) containing 4,208 predicted protein-coding genes with an average size of 873 bp, seven rRNA operons, and 72 tRNA genes. The B. licheniformis chromosome contains large regions that are colinear with the genomes of B. subtilis and Bacillus halodurans, and approximately 80% of the predicted B. licheniformis coding sequences have B. subtilis orthologs. Conclusions Despite the unmistakable organizational similarities between the B. licheniformis and B. subtilis genomes, there are notable differences in the numbers and locations of prophages, transposable elements and a number of extracellular enzymes and secondary metabolic pathway operons that distinguish these species. Differences include a region of more than 80 kilobases (kb) that comprises a cluster of polyketide synthase genes and a second operon of 38 kb encoding plipastatin synthase enzymes that are absent in the B. licheniformis genome. The availability of a completed genome sequence for B. licheniformis should facilitate the design and construction of improved industrial strains and allow for comparative genomics and evolutionary studies within this group of Bacillaceae.