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Transverse testicular ectopia is a rare anomaly characterized by testicular descent into the scrotum through the same inguinal canal. Here, we report the case of a 15-year-old boy diagnosed with transverse testicular ectopia wherein both testes descended through separate inguinal canals. He underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy which helped to identify both spermatic cords entering both inguinal canals separately. During scrotal exploration, both testes were found in the same side. Transseptal orchidopexy was performed. The short-term follow-up is uneventful.

Background: Medullary sponge kidney (MSK) is a disturbance of renal development characterized by cystic dilation and diffuse precalyceal duct ectasia. The disease affects both genders in equal proportions and is generally diagnosed in adulthood, as a result of recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. The most frequently encountered manifestations being renal colic, microscopic or macroscopic hematuria, and fever. The intravenous pyelogram is standard for diagnosis and metabolic workup is required to identify the underlying cause. The main goal of treatment is to prevent recurrence and disease progression. Though considered a benign condition, a nephrectomy may often be required in patients presenting late with irreversible complications and end-stage renal disease. Aim: To highlight and discuss the presentation and management of a rare case of nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis secondary to the medullary sponge kidney. Case presentation: We report herein the case of a 56-year-old male with long-standing hematuria in whom a diagnosis of medullary sponge kidney disease was made and he underwent a left total nephrectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful. Conclusion: Nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis are complications of MSK and can result in irreversible renal damage. A high index of suspicion is necessary for patients presenting with renal colic, recurrent urinary tract infections, or hematuria for prompt diagnosis and management.

Urinary stones are uncommon in children. Urethral location of calculi can give rise to various clinical manifestations. We report three cases of urethral lithiasis presenting with acute urinary retention in children.

Background The incidence of posterior urethral valve (PUV) is estimated at 1:5000–1:8000 males. It is the most common paediatric urologic urgency and the most common cause of male obstructive uropathy and chronic renal failure in children. The study aimed to describe the experience of Yaoundé gynaeco-obstetrics and paediatric hospital in the management of PUV. Methods Retrospectively, medical records were retrieved over a ten year period and all data recorded and analyzed for study objectives. Patients were called and evaluated for outcomes regarding morbidity and mortality. Results A total of 18 patients all males were managed over the ten year period, given prevalence of 13 cases/100,000 admissions and an admission rate of 2 per annum. The median age at presentation was 22 months and 13 (72.2%) participants presented late. Voiding urethrocystogram was done in all the participants where it showed dilated and elongated posterior urethral valves in 16 (88.9%) of the cases. Endoscopic valve ablation resulted in the relief of obstruction in all but 3 (16.7%) participants that had residual valves and 2 (11.2%) participants that had urethral stenosis. Type I valves were most common in 14 (78.0%) participants. The mean duration of follow up was 34.56 ± 21.47 months. Complications at final follow up were: 10 (55.6%) chronic renal failure, 2 (11.2%) end-stage renal failure. The case fatality rate was 5.6%. Conclusion Many patients present late in our setting with already established complications. There is the need to counsel parents/guardians on the importance of long-term follow up after relief of obstruction.

Urethral duplication is a rare congenital malformation, especially in females. It may be associated with complex urogenital malformations, but the association with a cystic phallic urethra and a uterus didelphys is exceptional. We report a case of a newborn with urethral duplication, with the accessory urethra exteriorized by a large cyst, associated with a uterus didelphys and bone malformations. We discuss the clinical, radiographic, and therapeutic aspects as well as a literature review.

Introduction. Urethral strictures in boys denote narrowing of the urethra which can be congenital or acquired. In case of acquired strictures, the etiology is iatrogenic or traumatic and rarely infectious or inflammatory. The aim of this study was to highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties of acquired nontraumatic urethral strictures in boys in Yaoundé, Cameroon.Methodology. The authors report five cases of nontraumatic urethral strictures managed at the Pediatric Surgery Department of the YGOPH over a two-year period (November 2012–November 2014). In order to confirm the diagnosis of urethral stricture, all patients were assessed with both cystourethrography and urethrocystoscopy.Results. In all the cases the urethra was inflammatory with either a single or multiple strictures. The surgical management included internal urethrotomy (n=1), urethral dilatation (n=1), vesicostomy (n=2), and urethral catheterization (n=3). With a median follow-up of 8.2 months (4–16 months) all patients remained symptoms-free.Conclusion. The authors report the difficulties encountered in the diagnosis and management of nontraumatic urethral strictures in boys at a tertiary hospital in Yaoundé, Cameroon. The existence of an inflammatory etiology of urethral strictures in boys deserves to be considered.